Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| downregulation of cellular prion protein inhibited the proliferation and invasion and induced apoptosis of marek's disease virus-transformed avian t cells. | cellular prion protein (prp(c)) is ubiquitously expressed in the cytomembrane of a considerable number of eukaryotic cells. although several studies have investigated the functions of prp(c) in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis, and tumorigenesis of mammals, the correlated functions of chicken prp(c) (chprp(c)) remain unknown. in this study, stable chprp(c)-downregulated marek's disease (md) virus-transformed avian t cells (msb1-sirna-3) were established by introducing short interfering rna (si ... | 2016 | 26243599 |
| influence of avian leukosis virus long terminal repeat on biological activities of marek's disease virus. | gx0101 was the first reported field strain of recombinant marek's disease virus (mdv) that contained a long terminal repeat (ltr) from the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev). it is a very virulent mdv strain, with relatively high horizontal transmission ability. the rev ltr in gx0101 genome was proved to decrease the pathogenicity but increase the potential for horizontal transmission of the virus. here we constructed a recombinant mdv gx0101-alv-ltr to study stability of avian leukosis virus (al ... | 2015 | 26274570 |
| the mut ul5-i682r marek's disease virus with a single nucleotide mutation within the helicase-primase subunit gene not only reduces virulence but also provides partial vaccinal protection against marek's disease. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an oncogenic herpesvirus that afflicts chickens with the disease known as marek's disease (md). this virus induces tumors, nerve lesions, immunosuppression, and death of affected birds. vaccines are the primary control method for md but, due to the periodic evolution of field strains, it is necessary to explore the development of new md vaccines. md vaccines are often attenuated mdv strains generated through serial passage in vitro. we previously used experimental ... | 2015 | 26292541 |
| the influence of major histocompatibility complex and vaccination with turkey herpesvirus on marek's disease virus evolution. | over the last five decades, the pathogenicity of the marek's disease virus (mdv) has evolved from the relatively mild strains (mmdv) observed in the 1960s to the more severe very-virulent-plus strains currently observed in today's outbreaks. the use of vaccines to control marek's disease (md), but not the infection cycle, is thought to be the major influence on the evolution of mdv. selection for genetic resistance to md has also been employed by the industry to control md in the commercial sett ... | 2015 | 26292545 |
| observation of risk factors, clinical manifestations and genetic characterization of recent newcastle disease virus outbreak in west malaysia. | newcastle disease virus remains a constant threat in commercial poultry farms despite intensive vaccination programs. outbreaks attributed to nd can escalate and spread across farms and states contributing to major economic loss in poultry farms. | 2015 | 26293577 |
| understanding the molecular basis of disease is crucial to improving the design and construction of herpesviral vectors for veterinary vaccines. | viral infections are associated with production losses in many animal production industries. important examples of this are marek's disease (md) and bovine respiratory disease (brd) which are significant issues in the chicken and cattle industries, respectively. viruses play key roles in md and brd development and consequently have also been utilised in vaccination strategies to control these diseases. despite the widespread availability and use of vaccines to control these diseases both are sti ... | 2015 | 26387436 |
| sodium tanshinone iia sulfonate affects marek's disease virus replication by inhibiting gb expression. | previous studies demonstrated that sodium tanshinone iia sulfonate (sts) could inhibit mdv replication in vitro. the mechanism about how sts inhibits mdv replication is still not well understood. | 2016 | 26428057 |
| cytokine gene expression in lung mononuclear cells of chickens vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys and infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv) enters the chicken host through the respiratory system. however, little is known about the host immune responses induced by mdv in the lungs. to characterize these responses, chickens were vaccinated with herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) and challenged with the rb1b strain of mdv via the respiratory route. lung mononuclear cells of vaccinated only, challenged only, vaccinated and challenged, as well as age-matched controls were isolated at 4, 10, and 21 days post-infectio ... | 2015 | 26447971 |
| growth inhibitive effect of betulinic acid combined with tripterine on msb-1 cells and its mechanism. | marek's disease (md), a highly infectious lymphoproliferative disease in chickens, is caused by a cell-associated oncogenic herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). msb-1 is a md-derived lymphoblastoid cell line and can induce tumors when inoculated into susceptible chickens. betulinic acid, which is present as one of the major effective components in many traditional chinese medicines, has recently been reported to inhibit growth of cancer cells and employed as a potential anticancer agent. tr ... | 2015 | 26467010 |
| the conservation and signatures of lincrnas in marek's disease of chicken. | long intergenic non-coding rnas (lincrnas) associated with a number of cancers and other diseases have been identified in mammals, but they are still formidable to be comprehensively identified and characterized. marek's disease (md) is a t cell lymphoma of chickens induced by marek's disease virus (mdv). here, we used a md chicken model to develop a precise pipeline for identifying lincrnas and to determine the roles of lincrnas in t cell tumorigenesis. more than 1,000 lincrna loci were identif ... | 2015 | 26471251 |
| immune responses in cecal tonsils of marek's disease virus-infected chickens. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of domestic chickens that is caused by a highly cell-associated oncogenic α-herpesvirus, marek's disease virus (mdv). mdv replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latent infection within cd4+ t cells. clinical signs of md include depression, crippling, weight loss, bursal/thymic atrophy, neurologic disorders, and rapid onset of t cell lymphomas that infiltrate lymphoid tissues, visceral organs, and peripheral nerves. the cecal tons ... | 2015 | 26473671 |
| evaluation of the protection efficacy of a serotype 1 marek's disease virus-vectored bivalent vaccine against infectious laryngotracheitis and marek's disease. | laryngotracheitis (lt) is a highly contagious respiratory disease of chickens that produces significant economic losses to the poultry industry. traditionally, lt has been controlled by administration of modified live vaccines. in recent years, the use of recombinant dna-derived vaccines using turkey herpesvirus (hvt) and fowlpox virus has expanded, as they protect not only against the vector used but also against lt. however, hvt-based vaccines confer limited protection against challenge, with ... | 2015 | 26473676 |
| evaluation of factors influencing efficacy of vaccine strain cvi988 against marek's disease in meat-type chickens. | marek's disease (md) strain cvi988 is the most-protective commercially available vaccine against very virulent plus (vv+) marek's disease virus (mdv). however, its use in meat-type chickens has been controversial. while several countries have been using cvi988 for more than 40 yr, others do not authorize its use or it is restricted mainly to layers. the use of cvi988 in meat-type chickens will be necessary in the future in areas where other vaccine protocols fail. the objective of this study was ... | 2015 | 26478159 |
| fine mapping of qtl and genomic prediction using allele-specific expression snps demonstrates that the complex trait of genetic resistance to marek's disease is predominantly determined by transcriptional regulation. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative disease of poultry induced by marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. identifying the underlying genes conferring md genetic resistance is desired for more efficacious control measures including genomic selection, which requires accurately identified genetic markers throughout the chicken genome. | 2015 | 26481588 |
| chicken gga-mir-181a targets mybl1 and shows an inhibitory effect on proliferation of marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoid cell line. | marek's disease (md), caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), is a lymphoproliferative neoplastic disease of chickens and is characterized by md lymphoma in multiple visceral organs of chicken. it causes great damage to poultry health. recently, mirna has been reported to be involved in marek's disease lymphomagenesis. our previous study showed that gga-mir-181a was downregulated in mdv-induced lymphoma, and its target gene, v-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog-like 1 (mybl1), was predicte ... | 2015 | 26500265 |
| protection provided by rispens cvi988 vaccine against marek's disease virus isolates of different pathotypes and early prediction of vaccine take and md outcome. | we tested the level of protection provided by the rispens cvi988 (rispens) vaccine against challenge with a virulent marek's disease virus (mdv) pathotype (vmdv) and a very virulent pathotype (vvmdv) and the accuracy of a range of predictive measures of marek's disease (md) incidence and vaccine take. commercial layer chicks (n = 236) were vaccinated (or not) with 4000 plaque-forming units (pfu) of rispens vaccine at hatch and challenged (or not) with 500 pfu of each challenge virus five days po ... | 2016 | 26503904 |
| [construction of recombinant marek's disease virus expressing the ndv-f gene and its replication in chickens and in vitro]. | we used a meq-deleted attenuated mdv-i strain gx0101δmeq as a vector to construct a recombinant virus expressing the exogenous gene ndv-f. the orf of exogenous gene ndv-f was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcdna3.1(-). then, the expression cassette of ndv-f which contains the cmv promoter was amplified. simultaneously, we amplified the selected gene kan+ expression cassette and inserted them into the pmd18-t vector. tandem expression cassettes were amplified using primers contain ... | 2015 | 26524905 |
| development, characterization and optimization of a new suspension chicken-induced pluripotent cell line for the production of newcastle disease vaccine. | traditionally, substrates for production of viral poultry vaccines have been embryonated eggs or adherent primary cell cultures. the difficulties and cost involved in scaling up these substrates in cases of increased demand have been a limitation for vaccine production. here, we assess the ability of a newly developed chicken-induced pluripotent cell line, ba3, to support replication and growth of newcastle disease virus (ndv) lasota vaccine strain. the characteristics and growth profile of the ... | 2016 | 26586283 |
| activation of toll-like receptor 3 inhibits marek's disease virus infection in chicken embryo fibroblast cells. | toll-like receptor 3 (tlr3) is a critical component of the innate immune system against viral infection and controls the activation of adaptive immunity. the role of tlr3 in marek's disease virus (mdv) infection is not clear. in this study, we found that the abundance of tlr3 mrna was significantly higher in chicken embryo fibroblast cells (cef) infected with mdv than in a control group. activated tlr3 signaling via tlr3 ligand stimulation inhibited replication of the rb1b strain of mdv in cef c ... | 2016 | 26597188 |
| molecular and pathogenicity characterization of gallid herpesvirus 2 newly isolated in china from 2009 to 2013. | during the course of our continuous surveillance of gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), 44 isolates were obtained from gahv-2-positive chickens of different flocks in china from 2009 to 2013. the meq gene, considered as a major gahv-2 oncogene, was sequenced and was found to contain an open reading frame of 1020 nucleotides encoding a 339 amino acid (aa) polypeptide in all isolates. compared with the gahv-2 ga strain, the meq genes in 15.9 % (7/44) of the isolates analyzed in this study contained an ... | 2016 | 26611441 |
| marek's disease virus undergoes complete morphogenesis after reactivation in a t-lymphoblastoid cell line transformed by recombinant fluorescent marker virus. | t-lymphocytes are central targets of marek's disease, a major chicken disease induced by the oncogenic alphaherpesvirus marek's disease virus (mdv). t-lymphocyte infection is also associated with immunosuppression and virus latency. to decipher viral morphogenesis in t-lymphocytes, we used the recombinant vrb-1b 47egfp marker virus to generate a new lymphoblastoid cell line, 3867k, that exhibited typical properties of other mdv-transformed chicken cell lines in term of cell markers, reactivation ... | 2016 | 26612074 |
| simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken viruses using a gexp analyser-based multiplex pcr assay. | immunosuppressive viruses are frequently found as co-infections in the chicken industry, potentially causing serious economic losses. because traditional molecular biology methods have limited detection ability, a rapid, high-throughput method for the differential diagnosis of these viruses is needed. the objective of this study is to develop a genomelab gene expression profiler analyser-based multiplex pcr method (gexp-multiplex pcr) for simultaneous detection of eight immunosuppressive chicken ... | 2015 | 26715327 |
| keratinocytes derived from chicken embryonic stem cells support marek's disease virus infection: a highly differentiated cell model to study viral replication and morphogenesis. | marek's disease is a virus disease with worldwide distribution that causes major losses to poultry production. vaccines against marek's disease virus, an oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, reduce tumour formation but have no effect on virus shedding. successful horizontal virus transmission is linked to the active viral replication in feather follicle epithelial cells of infected chickens, from which infectious viral particles are shed into the environment. the feather follicle epithelium is the sole t ... | 2016 | 26742789 |
| virus and host genomic, molecular, and cellular interactions during marek's disease pathogenesis and oncogenesis. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a chicken alphaherpesvirus that causes paralysis, chronic wasting, blindness, and fatal lymphoma development in infected, susceptible host birds. this disease and its protective vaccines are highly relevant research targets, given their enormous impact within the poultry industry. further, marek's disease (md) serves as a valuable model for the investigation of oncogenic viruses and herpesvirus patterns of viral latency and persistence--as pertinent to human health ... | 2016 | 26755654 |
| effects of rispens cvi988 vaccination followed by challenge with marek's disease viruses of differing virulence on the replication kinetics and shedding of the vaccine and challenge viruses. | vaccination with "imperfect" vaccines that prevent disease but not infection is strongly implicated in the observed increased virulence of marek's disease virus (mdv) over the past six decades. the current "gold standard" vaccine, rispens cvi988 (rispens), has maintained efficacy despite use for five decades, raising the question of whether it too favours higher virulence mdvs. to investigate this, we studied the kinetics of rispens cvi988 (rispens) and two mdv strains of different virulence in ... | 2016 | 26790931 |
| persistence of chicken anemia virus antigen and inclusions in spontaneous cases of marek's disease visceral lymphomas in broiler chickens at slaughterhouses. | the chicken anemia virus (cav) and marek's disease virus (mdv) infect chickens worldwide; a single or dual infection by these viruses has a great impact on poultry production. in the present study, we examined the existence of cav antigen and its inclusions in marek's disease (md) lymphomas in chickens in the slaughterhouses of iwate prefecture, japan. forty-nine spleens and 13 livers with different degrees of nodular lesions were histopathologically examined at our laboratory. grossly, the test ... | 2016 | 26888585 |
| multi-centric histiocytosis: experimental induction in broiler and specific pathogen-free leghorn chickens. | seventy-five 3-day-old broiler chicks and twenty specific pathogen-free leghorn chicks were injected with 0.5 ml of a homogenate, prepared from organs from broilers diagnosed with naturally-occurring multicentric histiocytosis (mh). equal numbers of uninjected broiler and leghorn chicks (controls) were maintained in adjacent pens. ten weeks later, nine broilers had well-developed gross and microscopic mh lesions. the distribution and histological appearance of lesions in these experimental chick ... | 1999 | 26915383 |
| development and composition of lymphoid lesions in the spleens of marek's disease virus-infected chickens: association with virus spread and the pathogenesis of marek's disease. | changes in lymphocyte distribution in spleens of marek's disease virus (mdv) infected white leghorn chickens of line 72 (md susceptible) and line 61 (md resistant) were studied by immunocytochemistry. lymphocytes expressing the mdv antigen pp38 (predominantly b cells) were detected from 4 to 6 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.) but not at or after 8 d.p.i., and were more numerous in line 72. in line 61, infection resulted in depletion of b lymphocytes and an increase in t lymphocytes from 3 to 6 d.p ... | 1999 | 26915385 |
| chicken gga-mir-103-3p targets ccne1 and tfdp2 and inhibits mdcc-msb1 cell migration. | marek's disease (md) is a highly contagious viral neoplastic disease caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), which can lead to huge economic losses in the poultry industry. recently, micrornas (mirnas) have been found in various cancers and tumors. in recent years, 994 mature mirnas have been identified through deep sequencing in chickens, but only a few mirnas have been investigated further in terms of their function. previously, gga-mir-103-3p was found downregulated in mdv-infected samples by ... | 2016 | 26935418 |
| deletion of the bac sequences from recombinant meq-null marek's disease (md) virus increases immunosuppression while maintaining protective efficacy against md. | marek's disease virus (mdv) gx0101 is a field strain of mdv with a naturally occurring insertion of the reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) long terminal repeat (ltr) fragment. both copies of the meq gene were knocked out in the gx0101 bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone to construct the recombinant virus sc9-1, resulting in a complete lack of pathogenicity and providing better protection against md than cvi988/rispens. in the present study, the bac sequences in sc9-1 were removed using a ... | 2016 | 26957626 |
| herpesvirus genome integration into telomeric repeats of host cell chromosomes. | it is well known that numerous viruses integrate their genetic material into host cell chromosomes. human herpesvirus 6 (hhv-6) and oncogenic marek's disease virus (mdv) have been shown to integrate their genomes into host telomeres of latently infected cells. this is unusual for herpesviruses as most maintain their genomes as circular episomes during the quiescent stage of infection. the genomic dna of hhv-6, mdv, and several other herpesviruses harbors telomeric repeats (tmrs) that are identic ... | 2014 | 26958721 |
| real-time pcr for differential quantification of cvi988 vaccine virus and virulent strains of marek's disease virus. | cvi988/rispens vaccine, the 'gold standard' vaccine against marek's disease in poultry, is not easily distinguishable from virulent strains of marek's disease herpesvirus (mdv). accurate differential measurement of cvi988 and virulent mdv is commercially important to confirm successful vaccination, to diagnose marek's disease, and to investigate causes of vaccine failure. a real-time quantitative pcr assay to distinguish cvi988 and virulent mdv based on a consistent single nucleotide polymorphis ... | 2016 | 26973285 |
| isolation and pathogenic analysis of virulent marek's disease virus field strain in china. | marek's disease (md) has become increasingly common in china, resulting in considerable economic loss. the etiological agent is unclear. in this study, we isolated a field md virus (mdv) strain, designated sx1301, from cvi988/rispens-vaccinated chickens with tumors. co-infection of avian leukosis virus, reticuloendotheliosis virus, and chicken infectious anemia virus was excluded by polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay, dna blotting hybridization, and indirect immunofluor ... | 2016 | 26976907 |
| expression of the env gene from the avian endogenous retrovirus alve and regulation by mir-155. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are important retroelements that reside in host genomes. however, erv expression patterns and regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. in this study, chicken embryo fibroblasts (cefs) and msb1 cells infected with marek's disease virus (mdv) exhibited significantly increased expression of env from the endogenous retrovirus alve. in contrast, env expression was significantly lower in cef and msb1 cells infected with exogenous avian leukosis virus j (alvj) at the ... | 2016 | 27016933 |
| genetic evolution of gallid herpesvirus 2 isolated in china. | gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), which causes marek's disease in chickens and has caused extensive economic losses, has recently evolved increased virulence in china. to better understand the genetic basis of the pathogenic characteristics changed and increased virulence, we sequenced the genomes of six new gahv-2 strains (lcc, lts, wc/1203, jl/1404, cc/1409, and hs/1412) isolated from chickens with failed immunisation as well as one previously isolated chinese gahv-2 strain, j-1. based on a multi ... | 2016 | 27112385 |
| emergence of reticuloendotheliosis virus in pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. | reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), an important immunosuppressive pathogen, has many hosts, including chickens, ducks, geese, turkeys, and wild birds. clinically, rev may lead to increased susceptibility to other pathogens, resulting in serious tissue damage (especially tumors) and the death of its host. in this study, we encountered a disease outbreak resulting in a large number of deaths of pigeons in guangdong province, southern china. histopathological analysis revealed apparent tumor-like l ... | 2016 | 27120185 |
| transcriptional and bioinformatic analysis provide a relationship between host response changes to marek's disease viruses infection and an integrated long terminal repeat. | gx0101, marek's disease virus (mdv) strain with a long terminal repeat (ltr) insert of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), was isolated from cvi988/rispens vaccinated birds showing tumors. we have constructed a ltr deleted strain gx0101δltr in our previous study. to compare the host responses to gx0101 and gx0101δltr, chicken embryo fibroblasts (cef) cells were infected with two mdv strains and a gene-chip containing chicken genome was employed to examine gene transcription changes in host cells ... | 2016 | 27200301 |
| early infection with marek's disease virus can jeopardize protection conferred by laryngotracheitis vaccines: a method to study mdv-induced immunosuppression. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphomas and immunosuppression in chickens. mdv-induced immunosuppression (mdv-is) is divided into two phases: early-mdv-is occurring mainly in chickens lacking maternal antibodies (mab) against mdv and associated with lymphoid organ atrophy; and late-mdv-is occurring once mdv enters latency and during tumour development. our objectives were to document the impact of late-mdv-is on commercial poultry (meat-type chickens bearing mab again ... | 2016 | 27207594 |
| severe necrotic dermatitis in the combs of line 63 chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv), the aetiological agent of mareks' disease (md), is a highly cell-associated oncogenic α-herpesvirus that replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latent infection within cd4(+) t cells. we investigated the possible effect of mdv infection on the exacerbation of necrotic dermatitis in the combs of md-susceptible (72) and md-resistant (63) chicken lines at 21 days post infection. mdv-infected birds of line 63 are relatively resistant to tumour development bu ... | 2016 | 27215315 |
| animal genomics and infectious disease resistance in poultry. | avian pathogens are responsible for major costs to society, both in terms of huge economic losses to the poultry industry and their implications for human health. the health and welfare of millions of birds is under continued threat from many infectious diseases, some of which are increasing in virulence and thus becoming harder to control, such as marek's disease virus and avian influenza viruses. the current era in animal genomics has seen huge developments in both technologies and resources, ... | 2016 | 27217172 |
| protective efficacy of a recombinant bacterial artificial chromosome clone of a very virulent marek's disease virus containing a reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat. | marek's disease virus (mdv), an alphaherpesvirus, causes marek's disease (md), a lymphoproliferative disease in poultry characterized by t-cell lymphomas, nerve lesions, and mortality. vaccination is used worldwide to control md, but increasingly virulent field strains can overcome this protection, driving a need to create new vaccines. previous studies revealed that insertion of reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) long terminal repeat (ltr) into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac) clone of a ... | 2016 | 27258614 |
| combination of two marek's disease virus vectors shows effective vaccination against marek's disease, infectious bursal disease, and newcastle disease. | herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) is a widely used vector for poultry vaccines. however, different hvts expressing different foreign antigens cannot always be used simultaneously because of the risk of recombination and interference. in this study, we inoculated a mixture of an hvt-expressing the antigen of newcastle disease virus (ndv; hvt/nd) and marek's disease virus (mdv) serotype 1 rispens virus expressing the antigen of infectious bursal disease virus (ibd; ripens/ibd) into chickens. this mixtu ... | 2016 | 27309290 |
| impacts of poultry vaccination on viruses of wild bird. | spillover of viruses from farmed poultry into wild birds is a relatively new area of study at the livestock-wildlife interface. these transmission events can threaten the health of wild birds. there is growing evidence of transmission of vaccine viruses from poultry to wild birds, including attenuated vaccine strains of newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus, and also spread of virulent viruses that may have evolved under the pressure of vaccine use, such as marek's disease viru ... | 2016 | 27359320 |
| efficacy of various marek's disease vaccines protocols for prevention of marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression. | marek's disease virus (mdv) induces tumors and severe immunosuppression in chickens. mdv-induced immunosuppression (mdv-is) is very complex and difficult to study. in particular, the late mdv-is (late-mdv-is) is of great concern since it can occur in the absence of lymphoid organ atrophy or gross tumors. we have recently developed a model to reproduce late-mdv-is under laboratory conditions. this model measures mdv-is indirectly by assessing the effect of mdv infection on the efficacy of infecti ... | 2016 | 27371103 |
| diversity of meq gene from clinical marek's disease virus infection in saudi arabia. | the aim of this study was to demonstrate the genomic features of meq gene of marek's disease virus (mdv) recently circulating in saudi arabia (sa). | 2016 | 27397979 |
| oncogenic marek's disease herpesvirus encodes an isoform of the conserved regulatory immediate early protein icp27 generated by alternative promoter usage. | herpesvirus gene expression is temporally regulated, with immediate early (ie), early (e) and late (l) genes. icp27, which is involved in post-transcriptional regulation, is the only ie gene product conserved in all herpesviruses. we show here that the icp27 transcript of the oncogenic marek's disease virus shares the same polyadenylation signal as the bicistronic glycoprotein k-icp27 transcript and is regulated by alternative promoter usage, with transcription from its own promoter (picp27) or ... | 2016 | 27411695 |
| evaluation and validation of reference gene stability during marek's disease virus (mdv) infection. | quantitative rt-pcr (qrt-pcr) is widely used in the study of relative gene expression in general, and has been used in the field of marek's disease (md) research to measure transcriptional responses to infection and/or vaccination. studies in the past have either employed cellular β-actin (bact) or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) as internal reference genes, although the stability of their expression in the context of marek's disease virus (mdv) infection has never been investig ... | 2016 | 27448823 |
| morphology of immune organs after very virulent plus strain of marek's disease virus infection in vaccinated hens. | marek's disease (md) outbreaks in poultry flocks may be associated with overriding of vaccine immune protection by very virulent (vvmdv) or very virulent plus (vv+mdv) strains. this paper presents the study on lymphoid organ morphology in the latent phase of md caused by vv+mdv which break post-vaccinal protection in hens. we also immunohistochemically examined b and t populations as well as b/t and cd4+/cd8+ ratio of lymphocytes in lymphatic organs and, as a background, in md lymphomas from non ... | 2016 | 27487506 |
| a novel recombinant meq protein based dot-elisa for rapid and confirmatory diagnosis of marek's disease induced lymphoma in poultry. | marek's disease (md), is an economically important virus disease of poultry throughout the world. in this study, we for the first time reports development of a novel dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) for the confirmatory diagnosis of lymphoma caused by marek's disease virus (mdv). suspected lymphoma tissue extracts from the diseased birds were used for the meq oncoprotein antigen detection, which is expressed specifically in mdv lymphomas. recombinant meq oncoprotein was expresse ... | 2016 | 27528486 |
| validation of alternative transcript splicing in chicken lines that differ in genetic resistance to marek's disease. | utilizing rna-seq data, 1,574 candidate genes with alternative splicing were previously identified between two chicken lines that differ in marek's disease (md) genetic resistance under control and marek's disease virus infection conditions. after filtering out 1,530 genes with splice variants in the first or last exon, 44 genes were screened for possible exon loss or gain using pcr and gel electrophoresis. consequently, 7 genes exhibited visually detectable differential expression of splice var ... | 2016 | 27565867 |
| in this issue - september 2016: portable negative pressure wound therapy for skin grafts in dogs · wellness testing in small animals · effects of pimobendan on myocardial perfusion and pulmonary transit time in dogs · rispens cvi988 vaccine virus and marek's disease virus in poultry · a field study of ovulation in oestrus mares · post-weaning growth of beef heifers. | 2016 | 27569831 | |
| field studies of the detection, persistence and spread of the rispens cvi988 vaccine virus and the extent of co-infection with marek's disease virus. | to use specific real-time qpcr to determine (1) the vaccination success of rispens cvi988 vaccine in feathers and dust; (2) persistence of rispens infection in vaccinated layer chickens; (3) extent of co-infection with wild-type marek's disease virus (mdv) in vaccinated layers; and (4) presence of rispens virus in unvaccinated broiler flocks. | 2016 | 27569836 |
| differences in cd8αα and cecal microbiome community during proliferation and late cytolytic phases of marek's disease virus infection are associated with genetic resistance to marek's disease. | marek's disease (md) is an important neoplastic disease of chickens caused by marek ': s disease virus (mdv), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus. in this study using two chicken lines, one resistant and another susceptible to md, splenic t cells and cecal microbiome were profiled to gain a better understanding of primary differences in these lines. the percent of splenic cd4(+) t cells were similar regardless of mdv challenge status in both bird lines. in contrast, cd8αα profiles were different ... | 2016 | 27604255 |
| development and evaluation of the protective efficacy of novel marek's disease virus rispens vector vaccines against infectious bursal disease. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) is a major disease affecting the poultry industry and is caused by infection with ibd virus (ibdv). to develop a novel vaccine to prevent ibd in chickens, recombinant marek's disease virus rispens viruses carrying the vp2 gene of ibdv driven by five different promoters (rispens/ibd) were constructed using homologous recombination and a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac). rispens/ibd driven by the chicken beta-actin (bac) promoter (rispens/bac-ibd), rous sarcoma ... | 2016 | 27610721 |
| natural infection with avian hepatitis e virus and marek's disease virus in brown layer chickens in china. | in the present study, avian hepatitis e virus (hev) and serotype-1 strains of marek's disease virus (mdv-1) were detected from a flock of 27-wk-old brown layer hens in china, accompanied by an average daily mortality of 0.44%. postmortem examination of 25 sick hens and five apparently healthy hens selected randomly from the flock showed significant pathologic changes consistent with hepatitis-splenomegaly syndrome (hss), including hepatomegaly, peritoneal fluid, and hepatic subcapsular hemorrhag ... | 2016 | 27610734 |
| sequence analysis of meq oncogene among indian isolates of marek's disease herpesvirus. | marek's disease (md), caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), is a highly contagious neoplastic disease of chicken that can be prevented by vaccination. however, in recent years many cases of vaccine failure have been reported worldwide as chickens develop symptoms of md in spite of proper vaccination. distinct polymorphism and point mutations in meq gene of mdv have been reported to be associated with virulence and oncogenicity. the present study was carried out with the objective to isolate and ... | 2016 | 27617224 |
| hyperediting by adar1 of a new herpesvirus lncrna during the lytic phase of the oncogenic marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus, or gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2), is an avian alphaherpesvirus that induces t-cell lymphoma in chickens. during transcriptomic studies of the rl region of the genome, we characterized the 7.5 kbp gene of the erl lncrna (edited repeat-long, long non-coding rna), which may act as a natural antisense transcript (nat) of the major gahv-2 oncogene meq and of two of the three mirna clusters. during infections in vivo and in vitro, we detected hyperediting of the erl lncrna that ... | 2016 | 27655063 |
| positive selection drives rapid evolution of the meq oncogene of marek's disease virus. | marek's disease (md), caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), a poultry-borne alphaherpesvirus, is a devastating disease of poultry causing an estimated annual loss of one billion dollars to poultry producers, worldwide. despite decades of control through vaccination, mdv field strains continue to emerge having increased virulence. the evolutionary mechanism driving the emergence of this continuum of strains to increased mdv virulence, however, remains largely enigmatic. increase in mdv virulence ... | 2017 | 27662574 |
| expression patterns of endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 and its response to infection with exogenous avian tumour viruses. | endogenous retroviruses (ervs) are genomic elements that are present in a wide range of vertebrates and have been implicated in a variety of human diseases, including cancer. however, the characteristic expression patterns of ervs, particularly in virus-induced tumours, is not fully clear. dna methylation was analysed by bisulfite pyrosequencing, and gene expression was analysed by rt-qpcr. in this study, we first found that the endogenous avian retrovirus alve1 was highly expressed in some chic ... | 2017 | 27686071 |
| marek's disease virus immunosuppression alters host cellular responses and immune gene expression in the skin of infected chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly cell-associated lymphotropic α-herpesvirus, is the causative agent of marek's disease (md) in domestic chickens. mdv replicates in chicken lymphocytes and establishes a latent infection within cd4(+) t cells. the latently infected cd4(+) t cells carry the virus to visceral organs, peripheral nerves, and feather follicle epithelium (ffe). ffe is the only anatomical site where infectious enveloped cell-free virus particles are produced and disseminated into th ... | 2016 | 27692091 |
| alternative splicing of a viral mirtron differentially affects the expression of other micrornas from its cluster and of the host transcript. | interplay between alternative splicing and the microprocessor may have differential effects on the expression of intronic mirnas organized into clusters. we used a viral model - the lat long non-coding rna (lat lncrna) of marek's disease oncogenic herpesvirus (mdv-1), which has the mdv1-mir-m8-m6-m7-m10 cluster embedded in its first intron - to assess the impact of splicing modifications on the biogenesis of each of the mirnas from the cluster. drosha silencing and alternative splicing of an ext ... | 2016 | 27715458 |
| marek's disease herpesvirus vaccines integrate into chicken host chromosomes yet lack a virus-host phenotype associated with oncogenic transformation. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphotropic and oncogenic disease of chickens that can lead to death in susceptible and unvaccinated host birds. the causative pathogen, md virus (mdv), a highly oncogenic alphaherpesvirus, integrates into host genome near the telomeres. md occurrence is controlled across the globe by biosecurity, selective breeding for enhanced md genetic resistance, and widespread vaccination of flocks using attenuated serotype 1 mdv or other serotypes. despite over 40 years of usage ... | 2016 | 27720297 |
| isolation and purification of gallid herpesvirus 2 strains currently distributed in japan. | gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2) causes malignant lymphomas in chickens (marek's disease, md). although md is controlled through vaccination efforts, field isolates of gahv-2 have increased in virulence worldwide and even cause md in vaccinated chickens. gahv-2 strains are classified into four categories (mild, virulent, very virulent and very virulent +) based on the virulence exhibited in experimental infection in unvaccinated or md-vaccinated susceptible chickens. although md cases are sporadica ... | 2017 | 27725354 |
| effects of different promoters on the protective efficacy of recombinant marek's disease virus type 1 expressing the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus. | the vaccine efficacy of recombinant viruses can be influenced by many factors. accordingly, the activity of promoters has been one of the major factors affecting the antigen expression and protection rate. in the present study, two recombinant marek's disease virus type 1 (mdv1) vaccines containing the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) under control of different promoters were generated from overlapping fosmid dnas. the rmdv-pec-vp2 virus containing the vp2 gene under control of ... | 2016 | 27742216 |
| dna from dust: comparative genomics of large dna viruses in field surveillance samples. | the intensification of the poultry industry over the last 60 years facilitated the evolution of increased virulence and vaccine breaks in marek's disease virus (mdv-1). full-genome sequences are essential for understanding why and how this evolution occurred, but what is known about genome-wide variation in mdv comes from laboratory culture. to rectify this, we developed methods for obtaining high-quality genome sequences directly from field samples without the need for sequence-based enrichment ... | 2017 | 27747299 |
| gp85 genetic diversity of avian leukosis virus subgroup j among different individual chickens from a native flock. | to compare the genetic diversity and quasispecies evolution of avian leukosis virus (alv) among different individuals, 5 chickens, raised in shandong provice of china, were randomly selected from a local chicken flock associated with serious tumor cases. blood samples were collected and inoculated into chicken embryo fibroblast and df-1 cell lines for virus isolation and identification, respectively, of marek's disease virus (mdv), reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev), and alv. five strains of alv ... | 2016 | 27794054 |
| recombinant marek's disease virus as a vector-based vaccine against avian leukosis virus subgroup j in chicken. | avian leukosis virus subgroup j (alv-j) is an immunosuppressive virus that causes considerable economic losses to the chicken industry in china. however, there is currently no effective vaccine to prevent alv-j infection. in order to reduce the losses caused by alv-j, we constructed two effective alv-j vaccines by inserting the alv-j (strain jl093-1) env or gag+env genes into the us2 gene of the marek's disease herpesviruses (mdv) by transfection of overlapping fosmid dnas, creating two recombin ... | 2016 | 27827933 |
| marek's disease in chickens: a review with focus on immunology. | marek's disease (md), caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), is a commercially important neoplastic disease of poultry which is only controlled by mass vaccination. importantly, vaccines that can provide sterile immunity and inhibit virus transmission are lacking; such that vaccines are only capable of preventing neuropathy, oncogenic disease and immunosuppression, but are unable to prevent mdv transmission or infection, leading to emergence of increasingly virulent pathotypes. hence, to address ... | 2016 | 27894330 |
| history of the first-generation marek's disease vaccines: the science and little-known facts. | shortly after the isolation of marek's disease (md) herpesvirus (mdv) in the late 1960s vaccines were developed in england, the united states, and the netherlands. biggs and associates at the houghton poultry research station (hprs) in england attenuated hprs-16, the first cell-culture-isolated mdv strain, by passaging hprs-16 in chick kidney cells. although hprs-16/att was the first commercially available vaccine, it never became widely used and was soon replaced by the fc126 strain of herpesvi ... | 2016 | 27902902 |
| marek's disease in backyard chickens, a study of pathologic findings and viral loads in tumorous and nontumorous birds. | marek's disease (md) is a major cause of mortality in backyard chickens. the diagnosis of md is complex, however, and knowledge of marek's disease virus (mdv) in spontaneous field cases such as in backyard chickens is largely unknown. in this study, 40 backyard chickens with a presumptive md diagnosis based on histologic lymphoid infiltrations in peripheral nerves with and without lymphomas were investigated. twenty-eight of the birds were submitted to the diagnostic laboratory for disease explo ... | 2016 | 27902909 |
| evaluation of two strains of marek's disease virus serotype 1 for the development of recombinant vaccines against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus. | attenuated strains of marek's disease virus serotype 1 (mdv1), and the closely related herpesvirus of turkeys, are among the most potent vectors for development of recombinant vaccines for poultry. to investigate the effects of mdv1 strain characteristics on the protective efficacy of the recombinant vaccines, we developed two recombinant mdv1 vaccines for expressing the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) based on two different mdv1 strains, the attenuated strain 814 and the meq ... | 2017 | 27908832 |
| full-length infectious clone of an iranian isolate of chicken anemia virus. | an iranian field strain of chicken anemia virus (cav), designated ir cav, was isolated in the marek's disease virus-transformed lymphoblastoid cell line mdcc-msb1 (msb1) culture for the first time. the full-length cav dna of this strain was cloned in the bacterial plasmid ptz57r/t to create the molecular clone ptz-cav. the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of viral proteins of ir cav were compared with those of representative cav sequences including reference and commercial vaccine str ... | 2017 | 27933433 |
| turkey herpesvirus with an insertion in the ul3-4 region displays an appropriate balance between growth activity and antibody-eliciting capacity and is suitable for the establishment of a recombinant vaccine. | we constructed turkey herpesvirus (hvt) vector vaccines in which the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) was inserted into the hvt genome in the following regions: ul3-4, ul22-23, ul45-46, and us10-sorf3. we then evaluated the relationship between the gene insertion site and the capacity of the virus to elicit antibodies. rhvt/ibd (us10) showed good growth activity in vitro, with growth comparable to that of the parent hvt. on the other hand, rhvt/ibd (ul3-4), rhvt/ibd (ul22-23), ... | 2017 | 27942974 |
| investigation of marek's disease virus from chickens in central ethiopia. | marek's disease (md) is a lymphoproliferative and neuropathic disease of domestic chickens and less commonly, turkeys and quails, caused by a highly contagious, cell-associated, oncogenic herpesvirus. in ethiopia, md is believed to be introduced with importation of exotic and crossbred to improve the poultry production and has been reported to be a potential threat to the poultry sector both in backyard and commercial farming systems. this study was aimed at isolation and molecular analysis of m ... | 2017 | 27975190 |
| recombinant marek's disease virus type 1 provides full protection against very virulent marek's and infectious bursal disease viruses in chickens. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a preferred vector in the construction of recombinant vaccines. however, bivalent vaccine based on mdv that confers full protection against both very virulent marek's and infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) infections in chickens has not been produced. here we developed a system utilizing overlapping fosmid dnas transfection that rescues an mdv type 1 (mdv1) vaccine strain. using this system, we inserted the ibdv vp2 gene at mdv1 genome sites ul41, us10 and us2. ... | 2016 | 27982090 |
| a double-stranded probe coupled with isothermal amplification for qualitative and quantitative detection of avian reovirus. | we applied a probe-based real-time loop-mediated isothermal amplification (cy5-rtqlamp) technique targeting the avian reovirus (arv) s3 gene to develop a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for virus detection and quantification. this test specifically detected the presence of arv, but not other viruses or bacteria present in clinical or artificially spiked samples, including newcastle disease virus, infectious bursal disease virus, fowl adenovirus, marek's disease virus, escherichia coli, and ... | 2017 | 28013385 |
| complete nucleotide sequence analysis of the oncogene "meq" from serotype 1 marek's disease virus isolates from india. | 1. a study was undertaken to characterise the oncogene meq at the molecular level for three serotype 1 marek's disease virus (mdv) field isolates from vaccinated poultry flocks which had encountered a marek's disease outbreak in the southern part of india. the isolates were named ind/tn/11/01, ind/ka/12/02 and ind/tn/12/03. the oncogene meq was amplified by pcr and sequenced. 2. the isolates were shown to have a homology for the meq gene of 99.1-99.8% with various isolates from china and 98.5-99 ... | 2017 | 28043157 |
| current and future vaccines and vaccination strategies against infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) respiratory disease of poultry. | infectious laryngotracheitis (ilt) is an economically important respiratory disease of poultry that affects the industry worldwide. vaccination is the principal tool in the control of the disease. two types of vaccines, live attenuated and recombinant viral vector, are commercially available. the first generation of gahv-1 vaccines available since the early 1960's are live viruses, attenuated by continuous passages in cell culture or embryos. these vaccines significantly reduce mortalities and, ... | 2016 | 28057380 |
| activation of gga-mir-155 by reticuloendotheliosis virus t strain and its contribution to transformation. | the v-rel oncoprotein encoded by reticuloendotheliosis virus t strain (rev-t) is a member of the rel/nf-κb family of transcription factors capable of transformation of primary chicken spleen and bone marrow cells. rapid transformation of avian haematopoietic cells by v-rel occurs through a process of deregulation of multiple protein-encoding genes through its direct effect on their promoters. more recently, upregulation of oncogenic mir-155 and its precursor pre-mir-155 were demonstrated in rev- ... | 2017 | 28113043 |
| evaluation of factors influencing the development of late marek's disease virus-induced immunosuppression: virus pathotype and host sex. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphoma and immunosuppression in chickens. mdv induced immunosuppression (mdv-is) is complex and can be divided into two phases: early-mdv-is associated with cytolytic infection in the lymphoid organs in chickens lacking maternal antibodies against mdv (mabs) and late-mdv-is that appears later in the pathogenesis and occurs even in chickens bearing mabs. we have recently developed a model to reproduce late-mdv-is under laboratory conditi ... | 2017 | 28151004 |
| in ovo evaluation of floramax®-b11 on marek´s disease hvt vaccine protective efficacy, hatchability, microbiota composition, morphometric analysis, and salmonella enteritidis infection in broiler chickens. | three experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of in ovo administration of floramax®-b11 (fm) on marek´s disease (md) herpesvirus of turkeys (hvt) vaccine protective efficacy, hatchability, microbiota composition, morphometric analysis, and salmonella enteritidis (se) infection in chickens. experiment 1 consisted of 3 trials. in trials 1 and 2, d 18 white leghorn 15i5x71 embryos were randomly distributed in 4 groups: 1) hvt vaccinated in ovo and no marek's disease virus (mdv) challenge; ... | 2017 | 28160004 |
| expression of marek's disease virus oncoprotein meq during infection in the natural host. | gallid herpesvirus 2 (marek's disease virus, mdv) causes lymphoproliferative marek's disease (md), and is unique among alphaherpesviruses as the viral genome encodes an oncoprotein, meq. to elucidate the temporal relationship between meq expression and the development of md lymphomas in infected chickens, we generated a virulent recombinant mdv that expresses gfp simultaneously with meq. by using this virus, we monitored the dynamics of meq expression in vivo throughout the course of infection. ... | 2017 | 28160668 |
| characterization of a gallid herpesvirus 2 strain with novel reticuloendotheliosis virus long terminal repeat inserts. | a bacterial artificial chromosome clone, designated lcy, was constructed from a gallid herpesvirus 2 (gahv-2) isolate from a gahv-2 and reticuloendotheliosis virus co-infected clinical sample. the lcy gahv-2 insert was sequenced and found to consist of 175,319 nucleotides. lcy gahv-2 open reading frames (orfs) had a high sequence identity to those of reference strains. the major difference was that two rev long terminal repeats (ltrs), in the same direction, were inserted at the internal repeat ... | 2017 | 28194622 |
| comparison of different sites in recombinant marek's disease virus for the expression of green fluorescent protein. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is a preferred vector for recombinant vaccine construction, and insertion site is the main factor influencing foreign gene expression and vaccine efficacy. in this study, recombinant mdvs inserted with the enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) gene at different sites in its genome were generated from overlapping fosmid dnas and the egfp expression was compared. the results showed that the egfp expression levels from the sites in the unique long (ul) region (within ... | 2017 | 28263843 |
| evaluation and identification of marek's disease virus bac clones as standardized reagents for research. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that causes marek's disease (md), a lymphoproliferative disease in chickens. understanding of mdv gene function advanced significantly following the cloning of the mdv genome as either a series of overlapping cosmids or as a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), both of which could produce viable mdv. the objectives of this study were to compare multiple virulent mdv bac clones using the avian disease and oncology laboratory's pathotyping assay ... | 2017 | 28301231 |
| molecular characterization of marek's disease virus in a poultry layer farm from colombia. | marek's disease ( ) is a lymphoproliferative disease caused by an alphaherpesvirus, genus mardivirus , serotype 1 ( gallid herpesvirus 2 , gahv-2) that includes all known pathogenic strains. in addition to marek's disease virus ( ) serotype 1, the genus includes 2 distinct nonpathogenic serotypes: serotype 2 (gahv-3) and serotype 3 ( meleagridis herpesvirus 1 , mehv-1) which are used in commercially available vaccines against md. as a result of vaccination, clinical signs are not commonly observ ... | 2017 | 28339787 |
| early immune responses to marek's disease vaccines. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly cell-associated lymphotropic α-herpesvirus, is the causative agent of marek's disease (md) in domestic chickens. mdv replicates in chicken cells and establishes a latent infection within cd4(+) t cells. although md vaccines have been in use for several decades, the exact mechanism of vaccine-induced protection is unclear. it is believed that the innate immune system plays a role in vaccine-induced immunity against pathogenic strains of mdv. to shed light on ... | 2017 | 28346793 |
| a chinese variant marek's disease virus strain with divergence between virulence and vaccine resistance. | marek's disease (md) virus (mdv) has been evolving continuously, leading to increasing vaccination failure. here, the mdv field strain bs/15 was isolated from a severely diseased chinese chicken flock previously vaccinated with cvi988. to explore the causes of vaccination failure, specific-pathogen free (spf) chickens vaccinated with cvi988 or 814 and unvaccinated controls were challenged with either bs/15 or the reference strain md5. both strains induced md lesions in unvaccinated chickens with ... | 2017 | 28368367 |
| spontaneous spinal plexiform perineurioma in a juvenile chicken ( gallus domesticus). | a 2-mo-old pet chicken ( gallus domesticus) was presented because of lameness and a hind limb mass of 1 mo duration. radiographs revealed a soft tissue mass extending from the mid-femur into the body wall. cytology of a sample obtained from a fine-needle aspirate was unremarkable. the bird was prepared for surgical investigation of the mass but died acutely at the time of pre-medication. autopsy revealed an extradural mesenchymal neoplasm that focally compressed the lumbar spinal cord, extended ... | 2017 | 28381111 |
| escdl-1, a new cell line derived from chicken embryonic stem cells, supports efficient replication of mardiviruses. | marek's disease virus is the etiological agent of a major lymphoproliferative disorder in poultry and the prototype of the mardivirus genus. primary avian somatic cells are currently used for virus replication and vaccine production, but they are largely refractory to any genetic modification compatible with the preservation of intact viral susceptibility. we explored the concept of induction of viral replication permissiveness in an established pluripotent chicken embryonic stem cell-line (ces) ... | 2017 | 28406989 |
| transcriptomic analysis of host immune response in the skin of chickens infected with marek's disease virus. | marek's disease virus (mdv), a highly cell-associated oncogenic α-herpesvirus, is the causative agent of t cell lymphoma and neuropathic disease called marek's disease. the skin is the only anatomical site where infectious enveloped cell-free virions are produced and shed into the environment. studies have demonstrated that mdv infection induces immunological responses within the skin, including the release of cytokines and the recruitment of t lymphocytes. the host immune response, however, is ... | 2017 | 28410454 |
| protective efficacy of a novel recombinant marek's disease virus vector vaccine against infectious bursal disease in chickens with or without maternal antibodies. | infectious bursal disease (ibd) causes significant clinical and economic losses to the poultry industry worldwide. current vaccine programs using live attenuated and inactivated vaccines have numerous drawbacks. as an alternative solution to control ibd, a marek's disease virus (mdv) vector vaccine (rmdv-vp2) expressing the vp2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) has been developed. in this study, the protective efficacy of rmdv-vp2 was evaluated in a dose-related experiment which sho ... | 2017 | 28413051 |
| putative roles as oncogene or tumour suppressor of the mid-clustered micrornas in gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv2) induced marek's disease lymphomagenesis. | in the last decade, numerous micrornas (mirnas) have been identified in diverse virus families, particularly in herpesviruses. gallid alphaherpesvirus 2 (gahv2) is a representative oncogenic alphaherpesvirus that induces rapid-onset t-cell lymphomas in its natural hosts, namely marek's disease (md). in the gahv2 genome there are 26 mature mirnas derived from 14 precursors assembled into three clusters, namely the meq-cluster, mid-cluster and lat-cluster. several gahv2 mirnas, especially those in ... | 2017 | 28510513 |
| interindividual spread of herpesviruses. | interindividual spread of herpesviruses is essential for the virus life cycle and maintenance in host populations. for most herpesviruses, the virus-host relationship is close, having coevolved over millions of years resulting in comparatively high species specificity. the mechanisms governing interindividual spread or horizontal transmission are very complex, involving conserved herpesviral and cellular proteins during the attachment, entry, replication, and egress processes of infection. also ... | 2017 | 28528445 |
| differential amplification of marek's disease cvi988 vaccine and of wild-type isolates from organs of commercial chickens using single or duplexed probes in real-time pcr. | the differentiation of marek's disease virus (mdv)-infected and vaccinated animal (diva) test, based on the mdv pp38 gene was described by baigent et al. [(2016). real-time pcr for differential quantification of cvi988 vaccine and virulent mdv strains. journal of virological methods, 233, 23-36], using similar primers and alternate probes for virulent mdv-1 and the vaccine cvi988 virus. we explored the assay's applicability for commercial vaccines and commercial chickens, as the above-mentioned ... | 2017 | 28532188 |
| marek's disease virus infection of phagocytes: a de novo in vitro infection model. | marek's disease virus (mdv) is an alphaherpesvirus that induces t-cell lymphomas in chickens. natural infections in vivo are caused by the inhalation of infected poultry house dust and it is presumed that mdv infection is initiated in the macrophages from where the infection is passed to b cells and activated t cells. virus can be detected in b and t cells and macrophages in vivo, and both b and t cells can be infected in vitro. however, attempts to infect macrophages in vitro have not been succ ... | 2017 | 28548038 |
| comparative transcriptomics of genetically divergent lines of chickens in response to marek's disease virus challenge at cytolytic phase. | marek's disease (md), caused by marek's disease virus (mdv), remains an economically significant threat to the poultry industry worldwide. genetic resistance to md is a promising alternative strategy to augment current control measures (vaccination and management). however, only a few functional genes reportedly conferring md resistance have been identified. here, we performed a comparative transcriptomics analysis of two highly inbred yet genetically divergent lines of chickens (line 63 and 72) ... | 2017 | 28591220 |
| co-infection with marek's disease virus and reticuloendotheliosis virus increases illness severity and reduces marek's disease vaccine efficacy. | marek's disease virus (mdv) and reticuloendotheliosis virus (rev) cause marek's disease (md) and reticuloendotheliosis (re), respectively. co-infection with mdv and rev is common in chickens, causing serious losses to the poultry industry. however, experimental studies of such co-infection are lacking. in this study, chinese field strains of mdv (zw/15) and rev (jlr1501) were used as challenge viruses to evaluate the pathogenicity of co-infection and the influence of md vaccination in chickens. ... | 2017 | 28635675 |
| industry-wide surveillance of marek's disease virus on commercial poultry farms. | marek's disease virus is a herpesvirus of chickens that costs the worldwide poultry industry more than us$1 billion annually. two generations of marek's disease vaccines have shown reduced efficacy over the last half century due to evolution of the virus. understanding where the virus is present may give insight into whether continued reductions in efficacy are likely. we conducted a 3-yr surveillance study to assess the prevalence of marek's disease virus on commercial poultry farms, determine ... | 2017 | 28665725 |
| telomeres and telomerase: role in marek's disease virus pathogenesis, integration and tumorigenesis. | telomeres protect the ends of vertebrate chromosomes from deterioration and consist of tandem nucleotide repeats (ttaggg)n that are associated with a number of proteins. shortening of the telomeres occurs during genome replication, thereby limiting the replication potential of somatic cells. to counteract this shortening, vertebrates encode the telomerase complex that maintains telomere length in certain cell types via de novo addition of telomeric repeats. several herpesviruses, including the h ... | 2017 | 28677643 |