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simultaneous determination of polyphenols and major purine alkaloids in greek sideritis species, herbal extracts, green tea, black tea, and coffee by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection.herein, a high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection method has been developed for the simultaneous determination of 15 phenolic antioxidants: flavan-3-ols, (-)-epigallocatechin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-gallocatechin, a phenolic acid (gallic acid), a hydroxycinnamic acid (chlorogenic acid), flavones (apigenin), flavonols (kaempferol, quercetin, and myricetin), and purine alkaloids (caffeine theophylline, theobrom ...201222282422
post desiccation germination of mature seeds of tea (camellia sinensis l.) can be enhanced by pro-oxidant treatment, but partial desiccation tolerance does not ensure survival at -20°c.the maximal potential desiccation tolerance (mpdt) of tea (camellia sinensis) seeds has been a matter of debate for decades. here we assessed the ability of tea seeds from three sites in china to germinate after desiccation. desiccation tolerance was greatest in kunming, followed by puer and lincang, with kunming seeds tolerating drying to 8% moisture content (mc), or ∼0.5 water activity (a(w)). such tolerance was observed in lincang seeds only when hydrogen peroxide (h₂o₂) at 0.5 or 1m was appl ...201222284708
isolation and identification of spermidine derivatives in tea (camellia sinensis) flowers and their distribution in floral organs.recently, tea (camellia sinensis) flowers have attracted increasing interest because of their content of bioactive compounds such as catechins. the aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of some characteristic compounds in tea flowers.201222298050
effects of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate on the motility and penetrability of frozen-thawed boar spermatozoa incubated in the fertilization medium.epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) is the major polyphenol in green tea (camellia sinensis) and is known for its antioxidant effects. the objective of the present study was to examine the effects of egcg during in vitro fertilization (ivf) on the sperm quality and penetrability into oocytes. in the first experiment, the effects of concentration and incubation period of egcg on the motility and penetrability of spermatozoa were examined. when frozen-thawed spermatozoa were incubated in ivf medium su ...201222299777
green tea extract alleviates arsenic-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation in rats.the present work was undertaken to evaluate the protective effect of an aqueous extract of green tea (gt, camellia sinensis) leaves against arsenic (naaso₂)-induced biochemical toxicity and lipid peroxidation production in experimental rats. the treatment with arsenic exhibited a significant increase in some serum hepatic and renal biochemical parameters (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total protein, albumin, bilirubin, cholesterol, urea and creatinin ...201322301814
quantitative analysis of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins i-iii and floratheasaponins a-f, in the flower buds of camellia sinensis from different regional origins.a quantitative analytical method was developed for the determination of acylated oleanane-type triterpene saponins, chakasaponins i-iii (1-3) and floratheasaponins a-f (4-9), found in camellia sinensis (theaceae). the practical conditions for separation and detection of these saponins were established on an ods column with methanol containing 5 mm trifluoroacetic acid as a mobile phase, and the detection and quantitation limits of the method were estimated to be 1.1-3.8 and 3.5-12.5 ng, respecti ...201222307219
complementary therapies, herbs, and other otc agents: green tea (camellia sinensis). 201122329195
epicatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate content in various tea cultivars (camellia sinensis l.) and its in vitro inhibitory effect on histamine release.it has been reported that epigallocatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate (egcg3″me) and the egcg3″me-rich green tea ( camellia sinensis l.) cultivar 'benifuuki' exhibit antiallergic effects. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of various tea leaf catechins on histamine release from murine bone marrow mast cells (bmmc). at a dose of 50 μg/ml, the rank order of histamine release inhibition was observed to be epicatechin-3-o-(3″-o-methyl)-gallate (ecg3″me) > gallocatechin-3-o-(3″- ...201222339247
black tea polyphenols inhibit tumor proteasome activity.tea is a widely consumed beverage and its constituent polyphenols have been associated with potential health benefits. although black tea polyphenols have been reported to possess potent anticancer activities, the effect of its polyphenols, theaflavins on the tumor's cellular proteasome function, an important biological target in cancer prevention, has not been carefully studied. here black tea extract (t5550) enriched in theaflavins inhibited the chymotrypsin-like (ct) activity of the proteasom ...201722351658
tea catechins and flavonoids from the leaves of camellia sinensis inhibit yeast alcohol dehydrogenase.four new quercetin acylglycosides, designated camelliquercetisides a-d, quercetin 3-o-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)][2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (17), quercetin 3-o-[2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][β-d-glucopyranosyl(1→3)-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (18), quercetin 3-o-[α-l-arabinopyranosyl(1→3)][2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucoside (19), and quercetin 3-o-[2-o″-(e)-p-coumaroyl][α-l-rhamnopyranosyl(1→6)]-β-d-glucos ...201222377672
development of a methodology using gas chromatography-combustion-isotope ratio mass spectrometry for the determination of the carbon isotope ratio of caffeine extracted from tea leaves (camellia sinensis).compound-specific isotope analysis (csia) of the extracted caffeine can be used to determine the authenticity of the origin of tea. elemental analysis-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (ea-irms), which is widely used to measure the carbon isotope ratio of caffeine, has a strict requirement for the purity of the extracted caffeine. to obtain high-purity caffeine from tea leaves, the conventional extraction process has to be repeated and usually takes about 5-6 h. to improve the measurement of the c ...201222396035
the antimicrobial activities of processed nigerian and south african black tea.the antibacterial activity of processed nigerian lipton tea and south african 5 roses tea, extracted using distilled water, chloroform and 70% ethanol were determined against nine (9) enteropathogenic bacteria which includes; bacillus subtilis, proteus sp, enterobacter sp., klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi a, salmonella arizona and staphylococcus aureus. the 2 tea bags, nigerian lipton tea bag and the south african 5 roses tea bag were extracted thr ...201022416657
evaluation of green tea extract as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing.solutions of green tea (camellia sinensis) extract (gte) in distilled water were evaluated as a glazing material for shrimp frozen by cryogenic freezing. total of 2%, 3%, and/or 5% gte solutions (2gte, 3gte, 5gte) were used for glazing. distilled water glazed (gdw) and nonglazed shrimp (ng) served as controls. the gte was characterized by measuring color, ph, (o) brix, total phenols, and % antiradical activity. individual catechins were identified by hplc. the freezing time, freezing rate, and e ...201122417550
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by green and white tea and their simulated intestinal metabolites.by 2034 it is forecast that 5% of the global population will be aged 85 years or over--approximately two and half fold increase on present day figures--which will inevitably lead to an increase in age-associated disorders such as alzheimer's disease. there is mounting evidence that green tea (camellia sinensis) possesses numerous health-promoting properties, and may potentially be beneficial to those suffering from alzheimer's and other diseases, including cardiovascular disease and cancer. thes ...201222418730
chemical analysis and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory effect of anthocyanin-rich red leaf tea (cv. sunrouge).the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of leaf order or crop season on anthocyanins and other chemicals in the anthocyanin-rich tea cultivar 'sunrouge' (camellia sinensis x c. taliensis) by using high-performance liquid chromatography, and to study the effect of 'sunrouge' extract on acetylcholinesterase (ache) activity in human neuroblastoma sk-n-sh cells.201222419270
l-theanine extends lifespan of adult caenorhabditis elegans.compounds that delay aging in model organisms may be of significant interest to anti-aging medicine, since these substances potentially provide pharmaceutical approaches to promote healthy lifespan in humans. we here aimed to test whether pharmaceutical concentrations of l-theanine, a putative anti-cancer, anti-obesity, blood pressure-lowering, and neuroprotective compound contained in green tea (camellia sinensis), are capable of extending lifespan in a nematodal model organism for aging proces ...201222422488
a new norisoprenoid and other compounds from fuzhuan brick tea.fuzhuan brick tea, a kind of dark tea consumed mainly in the border regions of southwestern and northwestern china since the 1860s, is produced from the leaves of camellia sinensis var. sinensis by microbial fermentation. from this special fermented tea, a new norisoprenoid, 3r,9r-oxido-5-megastigmene, was isolated, together with α-linolenic acid, strictin, isovitexin, astragalin, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechi ...201222430120
epicatechin: endothelial function and blood pressure.epidemiological studies indicate an inverse relationship between flavanol intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease. potential mechanisms include their effects on endothelial function and hypertension. a number of studies have shown that flavanol-rich cocoa reduces blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, whereas black tea may have opposite effects. these results highlight the importance of the different effects of the multitude of phytochemical constituents in these foods and the need fo ...201222440087
protective effect of theaflavins on neuron against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced apoptosis in sh-sy5y cells.theaflavins, the oxidation products of tea polyphenols are important biologically active components of black tea. 6-hydroxydopamine is a pro-parkinsonian neurotoxin. theaflavins could inhibit the auto-oxidation of 6-hydroxydopamine in a dose-dependent manner from 0.5 µg/ml to 25 µg/ml. here we investigated the protective effect of theaflavins on 6-hydroxydopamine induced sh-sy5y cells against apoptosis (within this concentration range). it was found that pretreating sh-sy5y cells with 0.5 µg/ml ...201222448094
diversity of catechin in northeast indian tea cultivars.tea (camellia sinensis l.) leaf contains a large amount of catechins (a group of very active flavonoids) which contribute to major quality attributes of black tea. based on morphological characters tea plants were classified as assam, china, and cambod varieties. the present study is an attempt for biochemical fingerprinting of the tea varieties based on catechin composition in green leaf of cultivars grown in northeast india. assam variety cultivars contained the highest level of catechins foll ...201222448135
health-promoting effects of green tea.green tea is manufactured from the leaves of the plant camellia sinensis theaceae and has been regarded to possess anti-cancer, anti-obesity, anti-atherosclerotic, anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial, and anti-viral effects. many of the beneficial effects of green tea are related to the activities of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), a major component of green tea catechins. for about 20 years, we have engaged in studies to reveal the biological activities and action mechanisms of green tea and egc ...201222450537
preparation and application of steeps of tea as new simulations of urine for the performance testing programme of 14c.(14)c is one of the radionuclides for which the canadian nuclear safety commission has developed performance testing programmes (ptps). during the ptp exercises, clients receive samples of natural urine containing spiked radionuclides, for testing. in these programmes, urine has disadvantages. these include (1) slow collection times from donors, (2) unpleasant smell and (3) potential to transmit diseases. to assist in solving some of these problems, the canadian national calibration reference ce ...201222451164
effects of ilex latifolia and camellia sinensis on cholesterol and circulating immune complexes in rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet.hypercholesterolaemia is one of the risk factors for atherosclerosis and subsequent cardiovascular disease. here, we investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with ilex latifolia or green tea (camellia sinensis) on the levels of plasma total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and circulating immune complexes in sprague dawley rats fed with a high-cholesterol diet. we demonstrated that daily administration by gavage of i. latifolia or c. sinensis at doses of 1.0 or 2.0 g/ ...201322451380
structural annotation and elucidation of conjugated phenolic compounds in black, green, and white tea extracts.advanced analytical approaches consisting of both lc-ltq-orbitrap fourier transformed (ft)-ms and lc-time-of-flight-(tof)-ms coupled to solid-phase extraction (spe) nmr were used to obtain more insight into the complex phenolic composition of tea. on the basis of the combined structural information from (i) accurate mass fragmentation spectra, derived by using lc-orbitrap ftms(n), and (ii) proton nmr spectra, derived after lc-tofms triggered spe trapping of selected compounds, 177 phenolic compo ...201222468624
in vivo evaluation of black and green tea dermal products against uv radiation.aqueous extracts of black and green tea (camellia sinensis) were obtained by freeze-drying for this study. the extracts were evaluated based on tea quality control tests, uv, ir scans, and in vitro antioxidant capacity tests. dermal products from the tea extracts were designed and manufactured. black and green tea gels were tested in vivo in the forearms of six subjects using an artifical uv (200-400 nm) source. the tested formulations were green tea gel, black tea gel, 0.3% caffeine gel, carbom ...201022491240
mining for ssrs and fdms from expressed sequence tags of camellia sinensis.simple sequence repeats (ssrs) developed from expressed sequence tags (ests), known as est-ssrs are most widely used and potentially valuable source of gene based markers for their high levels of crosstaxon portability, rapid and less expensive development. the est sequence information in the publicly available databases is increasing in a faster rate. the emerging computational approach provides a better alternative process of development of ssr markers from the ests than the conventional metho ...201222493533
antiobesity effects of chinese black tea (pu-erh tea) extract and gallic acid.the antiobesity effects of chinese black tea (pu-erh tea) and of gallic acid (ga) were investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. chinese black tea extract (bte) and ga inhibited pancreatic lipase activity in a dose-dependent manner in vitro; the ic(inhibitory concentration)(50) values were 101.6 and 9.2 µg/ml, respectively. black tea extract (50, 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) and ga (15, 45 mg/kg b.w.) significantly suppressed the elevation of blood triglyceride after oral administration o ...201122508359
maldi-tof mass spectrometry: avoidance of artifacts and analysis of caffeine-precipitated sii thearubigins from 15 commercial black teas.thearubigins are the quantitatively major phenolic compounds in black tea, accounting for some 60-70% of the solids in a typical black tea infusion. maldi-tof mass spectra for caffeine-precipitated sii thearubigins (sii ctrs) from 15 different commercial teas support previous conclusions that sii ctrs are polyhydroxylated oligomers (rather than polymers) of catechins and catechin gallates in redox equilibrium with their quinone counterparts. some 4500 peaks were revealed in a mass range from m/z ...201222509842
the effects of green tea polyphenols on drug metabolism.tea, made from the dried leaves of the plant camellia sinensis theaceae, is a very popular beverage consumed worldwide. recently, green tea extract-based dietary supplements have also been widely consumed for the acclaimed beneficial health effects, such as weight reduction. although tea consumption is considered to be innocuous, the potential interactions between tea polyphenols and drugs have been demonstrated in studies in vitro and in vivo.201222509899
exposure to specific herbal products during pregnancy and the risk of low birth weight.despite the fact that herbal products (hp) are used frequently during gestation worldwide, studies indicate that they may not be free of danger for fetuses. evidence about the safety of hp use during pregnancy and their impact on pregnancy outcomes is currently lacking.201522516883
a review of phytotherapy of acne vulgaris: perspective of new pharmacological treatments.this review focuses on plants currently used and those with a high potency for the future development of anti-acne products.201222521501
in vitro anti-influenza virus and anti-inflammatory activities of theaflavin derivatives.the theaflavins fraction (tf80%, with a purity of 80%) and three theaflavin (tf) derivatives from black tea have been found to exhibit potent inhibitory effects against influenza virus in vitro. they were evaluated with a neuraminidase (na) activity assay, a hemagglutination (ha) inhibition assay, a real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay for gene expression of hemagglutinin (ha) and a cytopathic effect (cpe) reduction assay. the experimental results showed that they all exerted significant inhi ...201222521753
pyridine metabolism in tea plants: salvage, conjugate formation and catabolism.pyridine compounds, including nicotinic acid and nicotinamide, are key metabolites of both the salvage pathway for nad and the biosynthesis of related secondary compounds. we examined the in situ metabolic fate of [carbonyl-(14)c]nicotinamide, [2-(14)c]nicotinic acid and [carboxyl-(14)c]nicotinic acid riboside in tissue segments of tea (camellia sinensis) plants, and determined the activity of enzymes involved in pyridine metabolism in protein extracts from young tea leaves. exogenously supplied ...201222527843
csnam-like protein encodes a nuclear localized protein and responds to varied cues in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze].abiotic stress possesses serious threat to plant distribution and production. in response to stress, plants induce the expression of many genes that function to protect the cellular machinery from stress-induced damages. these genes are largely regulated by specific transcription factors (tfs). nac family proteins are plant specific tfs implicated in diverse processes including development, and biotic and abiotic stress responses. the present work described (i) cloning of csnam-like protein gene ...201222543018
a shared response of thaumatin like protein, chitinase, and late embryogenesis abundant protein3 to environmental stresses in tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze].drought poses a significant threat to tree plants including tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] that yields a popular beverage "tea." consequence of drought is heat and salt stress, for which data on molecular response in tree species are not available. the present work analyzed drought-responsive subtracted cdna libraries of tea to identify drought-responsive genes. temporal and spatial gene expression suggested the involvement of chaperones as one of the major mechanisms to protect the plan ...201222543414
[quality of sleep in students].sleep quality is an important factor involved in students' learning process. using different methods, actual studies suggest that complaints about sleep problems are common in young medical students. the aim of this study was to evaluate if is any relation between factors like medium and lifestyle among students of the university of medicine and pharmacy "grigore t popa" from iaşi. the study group included 30 students (2 of them were excluded) who performed a polisomnography, self reported epwor ...201522545485
identification of drought tolerant progenies in tea by gene expression analysis.understanding the genes that govern tea plant (camellia sinensis) architecture and response to drought stress is urgently needed to enhance breeding in tea with improved water use efficiency. field drought is a slow mechanism and the plants go through an adaptive process in contrast to the drastic changes of rapid dehydration in case of controlled experiments. we identified a set of drought responsive genes under controlled condition using ssh, and validated the identified genes and their patter ...201222562548
slimquick™ - associated hepatotoxicity in a woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin heterozygosity.green tea (camellia sinensis)-associated hepatotoxicity is reported. however, the presence of alpha-1 antitrypsin mz phenotype as a predisposing factor to green tea-associated drug-induced liver injury (dili) is unknown. a previously healthy woman with alpha-1 antitrypsin mz phenotype who took slimquick™, an herbal supplement containing green tea extract, developed severe hepatotoxicity requiring corticosteroid treatment. green tea-associated hepatotoxicity is reviewed and alpha-1 antitrypsin mz ...201222567188
effect of salt treatment on theanine biosynthesis in camellia sinensis seedlings.theanine synthetase (ts) is an enzyme involved in theanine biosynthesis in tea plants. recent studies have revealed that theanine biosynthesis, derived from nitrogen metabolism in tea (camellia sinensis l.) plants, could be influenced by salt treatment. we have characterized csts at the molecular and biochemical level. the expression pattern of csts protein was examined by western blot using a self-prepared polyclonal antibody with high specificity and sensitivity. the effect of salt treatment o ...201222579942
optimizing the orosensory properties of model functional beverages: the influence of novel sweeteners, odorants, bitter blockers, and their mixtures on (+)-catechin.the use of flavor-modifying strategies are important to improving the sensory profile of some excessively bitter and astringent functional ingredients, such as (+)-catechin (cat). two bitter blockers (ß-cyclodextrin [cyclo], homoeriodictyol sodium salt [hed]), two sweeteners (sucrose [suc], rebaudioside a [reb]), and two odorants (vanillin [van], black tea aroma [tea]) were assessed for their efficacy at modifying the bitterness and astringency of cat in model aqueous solutions. the intensity of ...201222582876
phenotyping studies to assess the effects of phytopharmaceuticals on in vivo activity of main human cytochrome p450 enzymes.the extensive use of herbal drugs and their multiple components and modes of action suggests that they may also cause drug interactions by changing the activity of human cytochrome p450 enzymes. the purpose of the present review is to present the available data for the top 14 herbal drug sales in the u. s. studies describing the effects of herbal drugs on phenotyping substrates for individual cyps were identified by a comprehensive medline search. drugs included allium sativum (liliaceae), echin ...201222588833
hypoglycemic and antilipidemic properties of kombucha tea in alloxan-induced diabetic rats.diabetes has become a serious health problem and a major risk factor associated with troublesome health complications, such as metabolism disorders and liver-kidney dysfunctions. the inadequacies associated with conventional medicines have led to a determined search for alternative natural therapeutic agents. the present study aimed to investigate and compare the hypoglycemic and antilipidemic effects of kombucha and black tea, two natural drinks commonly consumed around the world, in surviving ...201222591682
effects of sodium fluoride on dna, rna and protein contents in liver of mice and its amelioration by camellia sinensis. 201322594270
polyphenolic compounds are novel protective agents against lipid membrane damage by α-synuclein aggregates in vitro.cumulative evidence now suggests that the abnormal aggregation of the protein α-synuclein (αs) is a critical factor in triggering neurodegeneration in parkinson's disease (pd). in particular, a fundamental pathogenetic mechanism appears to involve targeting of neuronal membranes by soluble oligomeric intermediates of αs, leading to their disruption or permeabilisation. therefore, a model assay was developed in which fluorophore-loaded unilamellar vesicles were permeabilised by soluble oligomers, ...201222634381
theaflavin ameliorates behavioral deficits, biochemical indices and monoamine transporters expression against subacute 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced mouse model of parkinson's disease.evidence from clinical and experimental studies indicates that degeneration of nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurons is a pathological hallmark of parkinson's disease (pd). the present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective potential of theaflavin (tf) on oxidative stress, monoamine transporters and behavioral abnormalities in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced neurodegeneration. tf, a black tea polyphenol, has been known to possess neuroprotective effects ag ...201222634505
evaluation of soluble oxalates content in infusions of different kinds of tea and coffee available on the polish market.tea and coffee are the potentially rich source of oxalic acid, which can act as a antinutrient.201222642066
flavor characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in turkey.seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by çaykur tea processing plant (rize, turkey), were compared for their differences in descriptive sensory analysis (dsa), aroma-active compounds (volatile compounds), and taste-active compounds (sugar, organic acid, and free amino acid compositions). ten flavor attributes such as 'after taste', 'astringency', 'bitter', 'caramel-like', 'floral/sweet', 'green/grassy', 'hay-like', 'malt ...201222642545
engineering the production of major catechins by escherichia coli carrying metabolite genes of camellia sinensis.a mimicked biosynthetic pathway of catechin metabolite genes from c. sinensis, consisting of flavanone 3 hydroxylase (f3h), dihydroflavonol reductase (dfr), and leucoanthocyanidin reductase (lcr), was designed and arranged in two sets of constructs: (a) single promoter in front of f3h and ribosome-binding sequences both in front of dfr and lcr; (b) three different promoters with each in the front of the three genes and ribosome-binding sequences at appropriate positions. recombinant e. coli bl ( ...201222645428
evaluation of ultrasound and light sources as bleaching catalysts - an in vitro study.to evaluate the efficacy of tooth bleaching with high concentration agents, varying the catalyst sources and exposure times.201222645732
effects of saponin extracts on air emissions from steers.a series of experiments were conducted to quantify the effects of saponin extracts from quillaja saponaria molina (qs), yucca schidigera roezl ex ortgies (ys), and camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze (ts) on gaseous emissions from steers (bos taurus). during exp. 1, a control diet [c1, corn (zea mays l.) and corn silage basal diet] was compared with ys1 (c1 + 0.64% dietary dm of ys) and qs1 (c1 + 1.5% dietary dm of qs), with 4 replicates per treatment. during exp. 2, the control diet (c2, corn and cor ...201222665675
tiadinil, a plant activator of systemic acquired resistance, boosts the production of herbivore-induced plant volatiles that attract the predatory mite neoseiulus womersleyi in the tea plant camellia sinensis.plants respond with various defense mechanisms to pathogenic or herbivorous attack. some chemicals called plant activators that induce the plant defense response against pathogens have been commercially used to protect plants. here we studied the effects of tiadinil (tdl) on defense mechanisms against herbivores. tdl suppresses pathogenic fungi on tea leaves by inducing defense mechanisms. we used one of the major trophic systems in tea consisting of the herbivorous mite, tetranychus kanzawai, a ...201222669277
therapeutic attenuation of neuroinflammation and apoptosis by black tea theaflavin in chronic mptp/probenecid model of parkinson's disease.neuroinflammation and apoptosis in the dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra play an important role in the pathogenesis of experimental and clinical parkinson's disease (pd). this study focused on the possible anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects of theaflavin (tf), a black tea polyphenol against 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (mptp)-induced neurotoxicity in mice. c57bl/6 male mice were treated with 10 doses of mptp (25 mg/kg, s.c.) and probenecid (250 mg/kg, i.p.) for 3 ...201322669749
green tea (camelia sinensis) mediated suppression of ige production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells of allergic asthmatic humans.recent studies in our laboratory demonstrated the suppression of immunoglobulin e (ige) production by green tea extract (gte) in u266 cells. however, the effects of gte or one of its components (egcg) on ige production by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) are unknown. pbmc (1.5 × 10⁶) obtained from serum ige+, allergic asthmatic patients, were cultured ± gte (1-100 ng/ml) or purified egcg (0.5-50 ng/ml), and ige levels were determined on day 10 by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ...201222670643
herb-drug interactions: an overview of systematic reviews.the aim of this overview of systematic reviews (srs) is to evaluate critically the evidence regarding interactions between herbal medicinal products (hmps) and synthetic drugs.201322670731
discoloration of manually fabricated resins and industrially fabricated cad/cam blocks versus glass-ceramic: effect of storage media, duration, and subsequent polishing.this study determined the discoloration of five cad/cam resins, four manually polymerized resins, and glass-ceramic as control group. specimens were divided into three groups (n=300, n=30) to be stored in coffee, black tea and red wine (n=10). the discoloration was measured using a spectrophotometer after 1, 7, 29, 90, 180 days storage. all tested groups showed color change (δe) at all time points. the manually polymerized resin composites gd (gradia) and cm (cronmix k), and the cad/cam resin co ...201222673470
risk factors for multiple myeloma: a hospital-based case-control study in northwest china.the distinctive racial/ethnic and geographic distribution of multiple myeloma (mm) suggests that both family history and environmental factors may contribute to its development.201222673750
determination of theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in tea by high performance- liquid chromatography with precolumn derivatization.a method of precolumn derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) for the determination of theanine and gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) in tea was established. o-phthalaldehyde (opa) and n-acetyl-l-cysteine (nac) were chosen as the derivatization reagents. the effects of teapolyphenol (tp), proline (pro) and vitamin c (vc) on derivatization yields were investigated. the results indicated that vc not only stabilized the stock solution of opa, but also enhanced the yield of gaba de ...201222679834
black tea and blood pressure: did the blood pressure fall or rise? 201222688998
triterpene saponins with hyaluronidase inhibitory activity from the seeds of camellia sinensis.the meoh extract of the seeds of camellia sinensis (l.) kuntze gave twelve new saponins (1-12) along with ten known saponins (13-22). these saponins (1-22) showed stronger hyaluronidase inhibitory activity than the positive control, rosmarinic acid.201222689399
medicinal flowers. xxxiii. anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of chakasaponins i-iii and structure of chakasaponin iv from flower buds of chinese tea plant (camellia sinensis).effects of principal saponins, chakasaponins i-iii, from the flower buds of camellia sinensis cultivated in fujian province, china on plasma triglyceride (tg) and glucose levels in olive oil or sucrose-loaded mice were examined. chakasaponins i-iii at 50 and 100 mg/kg significantly inhibited increases in plasma tg and glucose levels. furthermore, they prevented gastric emptying, suggesting that the former inhibitory effect is partly dependent on the inhibition of gastric emptying. in addition, t ...201222689407
simultaneous determination of procymidone, pyridaben and beta-cypermethrin residues in tea solution by gc-ecd.a sensitive and effective method for the simultaneous quantitative determination of procymidone, pyridaben and beta-cypermethrin residues in tea solutions was developed and validated using a gas chromatograph (gc) equipped with an electron capture detector (ecd). the analysis of the three pesticides in tea solutions involved extraction with petroleum ether-ethyl acetate (3:1, v/v), cleanup using a florisil solid-phase extraction cartridge and subsequent determination by gc-ecd. recovery studies ...201622689906
tea consumption and the risk of overall and grade specific prostate cancer: a large prospective cohort study of scottish men.tea may be a potentially modifiable and highly prevalent risk factor for the most common cancer in men, prostate cancer. however, associations between black tea consumption and prostate cancer in epidemiological studies have been inconsistent, limited to a small number of studies with small numbers of cases and short follow-up periods and without grade-specific information. we conducted a prospective cohort study of 6,016 men who were enrolled in the collaborative cohort study between 1970 and 1 ...201222697604
a minireview of analytical methods for the geographical origin analysis of teas (camellia sinensis).chemical compositions in tea leaves are influenced by their growing surrounding, and the content of these components are related to the quality of teas. the determination of the concentration of chemical composition in teas will predict the ranking of teas and indicate the geographical origins. this overview concerns an investigation of analytical methods that are being used for the determination of the geographical origin of tea. the analytical approaches have been subdivided into three groups: ...201222698268
hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of standardized herbal extracts.phyllanthus emblica, camellia sinensis, mangifera indica, punica granatum, and acacia catechu have been shown to possess widespread pharmacological application against multitude of diseases namely cancer, diabetes, liver disorders, and oxidative stress.201222701284
regular black tea habit could reduce tobacco associated ros generation and dna damage in oral mucosa of normal population.tobacco and tea habit are very common in world wide. in the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of regular drinking of black tea on reactive oxygen species (ros) generation and dna damage in buccal cells of normal subjects with or without tobacco habit. expression of ros associated proteins iκb, nf-κb as well as dna repair associated proteins p53, mlh1 were also analyzed. exfoliated buccal cells were collected from 308 healthy individuals and classified according to age, to ...201222705326
evaluation of oral subchronic toxicity of pu-erh green tea (camellia sinensis var. assamica) extract in sprague dawley rats.pu-erh green tea, originally produced in the yunnan province of p.r. china for about 1700 years, is believed to be beneficial to health in asian countries. the potential toxicity of pu-erh green tea when administered at high doses via concentrated extract, however, has not been completely investigated.201222710291
black tea polyphenols induce human leukemic cell cycle arrest by inhibiting akt signaling: possible involvement of hsp90, wnt/β-catenin signaling and foxo1.tea polyphenols have potent biological activities against human cancer cells. a major causative factor in malignancies is disregulation of cell-cycle kinetics. in this study, we observed that black tea polyphenols, theaflavins (tf) and thearubigins (tr) induced cell-cycle arrest at the g(0) /g(1) phase in human leukemic u937 and k562 cells. our objective was to understand the underlying molecular mechanism of cell-cycle inhibition by tf and tr. during elucidation, we observed that both tf and tr ...201222715906
inhibition of eph receptor-ephrin ligand interaction by tea polyphenols.tea contains a variety of bioactive chemicals, such as catechins and other polyphenols. these compounds are thought to be responsible for the health benefits of tea consumption by affecting the function of many cellular targets, not all of which have been identified. in a high-throughput screen for small molecule antagonists of the epha4 receptor tyrosine kinase, we identified five tea polyphenols that substantially inhibit epha4 binding to a synthetic peptide ligand. further characterization of ...201222750215
inhibition of uvb-induced nonmelanoma skin cancer: a path from tea to caffeine to exercise to decreased tissue fat.oral administration of green tea, black tea, or caffeine (but not the decaffeinated teas) inhibited ultraviolet b radiation (uvb)-induced skin carcinogenesis in skh-1 mice. studies with caffeine indicated that its inhibitory effect on the atr/chk1 pathway is an important mechanism for caffeine's inhibition of uvb-induced carcinogenesis. the regular teas or caffeine increased locomotor activity and decreased tissue fat. in these studies, decreased dermal fat thickness was associated with a decrea ...201322752580
effect of mangrove tea extract from ceriops decandra (griff.) ding hou. on salivary bacterial flora of dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma.the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of mangrove tea on salivary bacterial flora in dmba induced hamster buccal pouch carcinoma. tea from mangrove plant ceriops decandra was administered against dmba induced buccal pouch carcinoma in hamster rats. the chemical constitutions and quality of mangrove tea is similar with the commercial tea camellia sinensis. the hamster rats were painted thrice a week with dmba in their right buccal pouch, and also administrated orally with 1.2 ...201122754013
construction of cdna library and preliminary analysis of expressed sequence tags from tea plant [camellia sinensis (l) o. kuntze].tea is the most popular non-alcoholic and healthy beverage across the world. the understanding of the genetic organization and molecular biology of tea plant, which is very poorly understood at present, is required for quantum increase in productivity and efficient use of germplasm for either cultivation or breeding program. single-pass sequencing of randomly selected cdna clones is the most widely accepted technique for gene identification and cloning. in the present study, a good quality cdna ...201222759521
[comparison of the mechanism of cardiotonic action of the fraction 3 of mai-bao and digoxin on rat isolated heart].mai-bao (mb) is a beverage obtained by fermentation of sweet camellia sinensis tea by the tea-mushroom treasure. the action of the chromatographic fraction 3 of mai-bao (mb-f3) is cardiotonic.201122765949
the use of teetaimed in estonia, 1880s-1990s.this research contributes to a better understanding of the criteria used for the selection of plants for making beverages. worldwide, not only the leaves of camellia sinensis, but also various other plants are used for making tea. we argue that the selection of plants for making tea (in estonian teetaimed) depends on specific features possessed by or attributed to the plants. 54 plant taxa and one lichen were identified as being used for making tea, based on the analysis of estonian historical h ...201222772044
evaluation of black tea polyphenol extract against the retrogradation of starches from various plant sources.the effects of black tea polyphenol extract (btpe) on the retrogradation of starches from different plant sources were studied using differential scanning calorimetry (dsc) and x-ray diffraction (xrd). dsc analysis shows that the gelatinization temperature of maize starch and starches from different rice varieties increased with increasing btpe level. after storage at 4 °c, btpe at a concentration of 15% markedly retarded the retrogradation of maize starch and starches from different rice variet ...201222772810
tea consumption is inversely associated with weight status and other markers for metabolic syndrome in us adults.tea (camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage, and laboratory and some intervention studies have indicated the potential health benefits of hot tea. the present study examines the association between tea consumption (evaluating hot and iced tea independently) and markers for metabolic syndrome adults in a sample of 6,472 who participated in the 2003-2006 national health and nutrition examination surveys.201322777108
nutritional and functional characteristics of seven grades of black tea produced in turkey.seven grades of black tea [high-quality black tea (grades 1-3) and low-quality black tea (grades 4-7)], processed by çaykur tea processing plant (rize, turkey), were examined for their proximate composition, dietary fiber, minerals, and water-soluble vitamins as well as total phenolic content, various antioxidant assays, phenolics (flavanols, alkoloids, condensed phenolics, and phenolic acids), chlorophylls, and carotenoids. some variations, albeit to different extents, were observed (p < 0.05) ...201222800200
a six-month crossover chemoprevention clinical trial of tea in smokers and non-smokers: methodological issues in a feasibility study.chemoprevention crossover trials of tea can be more efficient than parallel designs but the attrition and compliance rates with such trials are unknown.201222800470
l-theanine promotes nitric oxide production in endothelial cells through enos phosphorylation.consumption of tea (camellia sinensis) improves vascular function and is linked to lowering the risk of cardiovascular disease. endothelial nitric oxide is the key regulator of vascular functions in endothelium. in this study, we establish that l-theanine, a non-protein amino-acid found in tea, promotes nitric oxide (no) production in endothelial cells. l-theanine potentiated no production in endothelial cells was evaluated using griess reaction, no sensitive electrode and a no specific fluoresc ...201322819553
natural products: a safest approach for obesity.obesity is recognized as a social problem, associated with serious health risks and increased mortality. numerous trials have been conducted to find and develop new anti-obesity drugs through herbal sources to minimize adverse reactions associated with the present anti-obesity drugs. the use of natural products as medicine has been documented for hundreds of years in various traditional systems of medicines throughout the world. this review focuses on the medicinal plants such as achyranthus asp ...201222821661
black tea polyphenols reverse epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and suppress cancer invasion and proteases in human oral cancer cells.epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (emt) in cancer cells is considered to be a prerequisite for acquiring invasive/migratory phenotype and subsequent metastasis. this study provides molecular evidence associated with the antimetastatic effect of black tea polyphenol extracts (bte), which contain polyphenols including gallic acid, gallocatechin, catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epicatechin-3-gallate, and theaflavin 3,3'-digallate, in an an oral squamous cell culture system by showing a nea ...201222827697
coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer mortality in a cohort of swedish women.coffee and black tea contain a mixture of compounds that have the potential to influence breast cancer risk and survival. however, epidemiologic data on the relation between coffee and black tea consumption and breast cancer survival are sparse.201222836509
green tea and its major polyphenol egcg increase the activity of oral peroxidases.oral peroxidases (opo) consist mainly of salivary peroxidase and myeloperoxidase and are involved in oral defense mechanisms. salivary peroxidase is synthesized and secreted by salivary glands, whereas myeloperoxidase is found in polymorphonuclear leukocytes, which migrate into the oral cavity at gingival crevices. green tea is the world's second most popular drink after water. polyphenols are the most biologically active group of tea components. the purpose of our study was to elucidate the int ...201322836624
evaluation of anti-inflammatory effects of green tea and black tea: a comparative in vitro study.the present study was conducted to evaluate and compare the anti-inflammatory effects of aqueous extracts of green tea and black tea leaves (camellia sinensis) against the denaturation of protein in vitro. the test extracts at different concentrations were incubated with egg albumin under controlled experimental conditions and subjected to determination of absorbance to assess the anti-inflammatory property. diclofenac sodium was used as the reference drug. the present results exhibited a concen ...201222837963
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes atcc 19115 on ham steak by tea bioactive compounds incorporated into chitosan-coated plastic films.the consumer demands for better quality and safety of food products have given rise to the development and implementation of edible films. the use of antimicrobial films can be a promising tool for controlling l. monocytogenes on ready to eat products. the aim of this study was to develop effective antimicrobial films incorporating bioactive compounds from green and black teas into chitosan, for controlling l. monocytogenes atcc 19115 on vacuum-packaged ham steak. the effectiveness of these anti ...201222839307
polymeric black tea polyphenols modulate the localization and activity of 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-mediated kinases in mouse skin: mechanisms of their anti-tumor-promoting action.polymeric black tea polyphenols (pbps) have been shown to possess anti-tumor-promoting effects in two-stage skin carcinogenesis. however, their mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. in this study, mechanisms of pbp-mediated antipromoting effects were investigated in a mouse model employing the tumor promoter 12-o-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (tpa). compared to controls, a single topical application of tpa to mouse skin increased the translocation of protein kinase c (pkc) from cytoso ...201222841871
effect of different types of tea on streptococcus mutans: an in vitro study.if tea can be shown to have an inhibitory effect on the growth of streptococcus mutans there can be a basis for using it as an agent for reducing caries.201322842248
green tea polyphenols for the protection against renal damage caused by oxidative stress.green tea, prepared from the leaves of camellia sinensis l., is a beverage that is popular worldwide. polyphenols in green tea have been receiving much attention as potential compounds for the maintenance of human health due to their varied biological activity and low toxicity. in particular, the contribution of antioxidant activity to the prevention of diseases caused by oxidative stress has been focused upon. therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of (-)-epigallocatechin 3-o-gal ...201222844338
changes of growth, photosynthesis and alteration of leaf antioxidative defence system of tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] seedlings under aluminum stress.tea [camellia sinensis (l.) o. kuntze] is an aluminum (al) hyperaccumulator plant and is commercially important due to its high content of antioxidants. although al induced growth is well-known for the plants growing in acid soil, yet the cause underlying the stimulatory effect of al has not been fully understood. to investigate the possible role of al in growth induction, we studied morphological, physiological as well as biochemical changes of tea plant under different al concentrations (0-4,0 ...201222850809
potentiating effects of honey on antioxidant properties of lemon-flavoured black tea.health benefits including antioxidant potential of black tea (camellia sinensis), lemon (citrus limon) and honey bees (apis mellifera) have been extensively reported. nevertheless, nothing is reported about the effects of their concomitant use. herein, those effects were evaluated in infusions of lemon-flavoured black tea with three different kinds of honey (light amber, amber and dark amber) from lavandula stoechas, erica sp. pl. and other indigenous floral species from north-east portugal, a r ...201322856394
green and black tea intake in relation to prostate cancer risk among singapore chinese.tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages worldwide. to date, observational data from prospective cohort studies investigating the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk are sparse and equivocal. in a population-based, prospective cohort study of chinese men in singapore, we investigated the relationship between green and black tea intake and prostate cancer risk.201222864870
rapid and selective quantification of l-theanine in ready-to-drink teas from chinese market using spe and uplc-uv.an ultra performance liquid chromatography (uplc) method combined with solid phase extraction (spe) sample pre-treatment was developed and validated for the rapid quantification of l-theanine in ready-to-drink (rtd) teas. uplc analysis of twenty-seven rtd teas from the chinese market revealed that the l-theanine levels in various types of rtd teas were significantly different. rtd green teas were found to contain highest mean l-theanine level (37.85±20.54 mg/l), followed by jasmine teas (36.60±1 ...201222868106
green tea extract: possible mechanism and antibacterial activity on skin pathogens.camellia sinensis (tea) is known for its therapeutic properties (anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, anti-tumour, anti-oxidative and anti-ageing). although, anti-microbial properties of green tea have been studied, its role against bacterial strains related to skin infections and mechanism of action is not well understood. we focussed on exploring anti-microbial activity and the basic mechanism of aqueous green tea leaf extract on selected bacterial strains. staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcu ...201222868144
investigating the effect of black tea consumption during pregnancy on the oxidant/antioxidant status of breastmilk.black tea is associated with antioxidant properties. the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of the amount of black tea consumption during pregnancy on the oxidant/antioxidant status of breastmilk.201322871122
antioxidant activities of extracts from teas prepared from medicinal plants, morus alba l., camellia sinensis l., and cudrania tricuspidata , and their volatile components.the antioxidant activity of essences of teas prepared from mulberry ( morus alba l.), camellia sinensis l., and cudrania tricuspidata (carr.) burea plant was examined using two antioxidant assays. selected volatile chemicals identified in these plants were also tested for antioxidant activity. all extracts exhibited antioxidant activity with a clear dose response in the aldehyde/carboxylic acid and the malonaldehyde/gas chromatography (ma/gc) assays. antioxidant activity of extracts at the level ...201222871255
evidence that the ceratobasidium-like white-thread blight and black rot fungal pathogens from persimmon and tea crops in the brazilian atlantic forest agroecosystem are two distinct phylospecies.the white-thread blight and black rot (wtbr) caused by basidiomycetous fungi of the genus ceratobasidium is emerging as an important plant disease in brazil, particularly for crop species in the ericales such as persimmon (diospyros kaki) and tea (camellia sinensis). however, the species identity of the fungal pathogen associated with either of these hosts is still unclear. in this work, we used sequence variation in the internal transcribed spacer regions, including the 5.8s coding region of rd ...201222888299
anti-inflammatory effects of a polyphenols-rich extract from tea (camellia sinensis) flowers in acute and chronic mice models.while beneficial health properties of tea leaves have been extensively studied, less attention is paid to the flowers of tea. in this study, the anti-inflammatory effects of hot water extract of tea (camellia sinensis) flowers were investigated. pharmacological studies found that administration of tea flowers extract (tfe) could effectively inhibit croton oil-induced ear edema and carrageenin-induced paw edema. furthermore, administration of tfe also protected against propionibacterium acnes (p. ...201222900128
synthesis of silver nanoparticles by using tea leaf extract from camellia sinensis.the development of the biological synthesis of nanoparticles using microorganisms or plant extracts plays an important role in the field of nanotechnology as it is environmentally friendly and does not involve any harmful chemicals. in this study, the synthesis of silver nanoparticles using the leaves extract of chinese tea from camellia sinensis is reported. the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using uv-vis spectroscopy, x-ray diffraction (xrd), transmission electron microscopy (tem ...201222904632
dermal delivery by niosomes of black tea extract as a sunscreen agent.the primary objective of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using niosomes as a delivery vehicle for the dermal administration in vitro of black tea extract (bte) as a sunscreen.201322913389
determination of cd (ii), cu (ii), and pb (ii) in some foods by faas after preconcentration on modified silica gels with thiourea.this study describes preconcentration method for determination of cd (ii), cu (ii), and pb (ii) in some food samples. silica gel was modified with thiourea and characterized by ir and c, h, n, s elemental analysis. modified silica gel was used as a solid phase extraction for determination of cd (ii), cu (ii) and pb (ii) in tuna fish, biscuit, black tea, rice, kaşar cheese, honey, tomato paste, and margarine samples. the analytical conditions including eluent type, ph of sample solutions, flow ra ...201222924612
[assessment of stimulant use especially caffeine intake in selected group of the breastfeeding women].taking into account the negative impact of stimulants, including alcohol, nicotine and excessive consumption of caffeine on the baby and his mother, a very important is to stop or to restrict their use, especially during pregnancy and lactation.201222928364
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