Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| optimization of a phage amplification assay to permit accurate enumeration of viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. | a commercially available phage amplification assay, fastplaquetb (biotec laboratories, ipswich, united kingdom), when used according to the manufacturer's instructions, does not permit accurate enumeration of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to optimize the phage amplification assay conditions to permit accurate quantification of viable m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells. the burst time for m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis was initially determined to inf ... | 2009 | 19395561 |
| first isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from wild guanacos (lama guanicoe) on tierra del fuego island. | the aim of this study was to search for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) infection in a free-ranging wild animal species in a region where johnes's disease has yet to be reported and to classify map isolates using a genomic typing method. fecal samples were obtained from 501 wild guanacos (lama guanicoe) from tierra del fuego island, chile, in august 2006. samples were cultured using herrold's egg yolk medium with and without mycobactin j. after 9 mo of incubation, suspected map ... | 2009 | 19395739 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis fibronectin attachment protein activates dendritic cells and induces a th1 polarization. | paratuberculosis is a chronic infectious disorder and a major problem in farmed ruminants. this disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis is an important pathogen that causes johne's disease in animals and also has been implicated as a possible cause of crohn's disease in humans, but little is known about the protective immune responses to this microorganism. fibronectin attachment protein (fap) is a member of a family of fibronectin-bindi ... | 2009 | 19398539 |
| efficacy of feeding plasma-derived commercial colostrum replacer for the prevention of transmission of mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis in holstein calves. | to estimate the relative risk of paratuberculosis (johne's disease [jd]) in calves fed a plasma-derived colostrum-replacement (cr) product versus raw bovine maternal colostrum (mc). | 2009 | 19405889 |
| antibody recognition to secreted proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in sera from infected ruminants. | two liquid culture media to obtain secreted proteins of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis at different incubation periods were evaluated. middlebrook 7h9-oadc (7h9) and watson-reid (wr) broths were inoculated with a field strain of m. paratuberculosis and growth curves determined using nonlinear regression analysis. most culture filtrate (cf) proteins were of low molecular weight and reacted strongly against sera from cultured-positive cases of paratuberculosis. cf proteins obtained in ... | 2009 | 19406591 |
| role of nitric oxide production in dairy cows naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | nitric oxide (no) is a crucial mediator in host defense and is one of the major killing mechanisms within macrophages. its induction is highly affected by the types of cytokines and the infectious agents present. in the current study, no production was evaluated after in vitro infection of unfractionated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmcs) with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after 8h, 3 and 6 days of culture for cows in different stages of disease. in addition, the effe ... | 2009 | 19409621 |
| study of microbiological and molecular typing aspects of paratuberculosis in sheep and goats in northern greece. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, an acid-fast bacterium is the agent of johne's disease, an intestinal disease that causes poor nutrient intake in ruminants. during the period 1987-2003, 322 of 777 (41.4%) goat herds and 97 of 458 (21.1%) sheep flocks were found to be infected with m.a.paratuberculosis in northern greece. from goats, mycobacteria were isolated from 238 of 652 (36.5%) of intestinal tissues, 14 of 119 (11.8%) of lymph nodes and five of 369 (1.4%) of faecal samples. fro ... | 2009 | 19413882 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis from muscle tissue of naturally infected cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the small intestine of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). recent studies suggest an association between map and crohn's disease in humans. map can become widely distributed within the tissues of infected animals, and meat may be a possible route of exposure of map to humans. in this study, 47 dairy and beef cattle were examined for the occurrence of viable map in diaphragm muscle. a ... | 2009 | 19415976 |
| neutralization of interleukin-10 from cd14(+) monocytes enhances gamma interferon production in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected goats. | the gamma interferon assay is used to identify mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis-infected animals. it has been suggested that regulatory mechanisms could influence the sensitivity of the test when it is performed with cells from cattle and that the neutralization of interleukin-10 (il-10) in vitro would increase the gamma interferon responses. to investigate the regulatory mechanisms affecting the gamma interferon assay with cells from goats, blood was collected from m. avium subsp. pa ... | 2009 | 19420185 |
| a whole genome association analysis identifies loci associated with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection status in us holstein cattle. | the purpose of this study was to identify loci associated with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) infection status in us holsteins using the illumina bovinesnp50 beadchip whole genome single nucleotide polymorphism (snp) assay. two hundred forty-five cows from dairies in new york, pennsylvania and vermont enrolled in longitudinal herd studies between january 1999 and november 2007 were assessed for the presence of map in both faecal and tissue samples. an animal was considered ... | 2009 | 19422364 |
| factors affecting red deer skin test responsiveness to bovine and avian tuberculin and to phytohaemagglutinin. | we studied the effect of management on the responsiveness of red deer (cervus elaphus) to skin testing with mycobacterial and non-mycobacterial antigens. we hypothesized that individuals from populations of the same species under different management conditions would have a different immune responsiveness. deer sampled in this study included 1041 adult animals from 6 spanish farms and 111 adult wild deer. we injected four sites of the neck with 0.1 ml bovine purified protein derivative (ppd), 0. ... | 2009 | 19423178 |
| biomarker discovery in subclinical mycobacterial infections of cattle. | bovine tuberculosis is a highly prevalent infectious disease of cattle worldwide; however, infection in the united states is limited to 0.01% of dairy herds. thus detection of bovine tb is confounded by high background infection with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. the present study addresses variations in the circulating peptidome based on the pathogenesis of two biologically similar mycobacterial diseases of cattle. | 2009 | 19424492 |
| heat shock protein 70 subunit vaccination against bovine paratuberculosis does not interfere with current immunodiagnostic assays for bovine tuberculosis. | paratuberculosis or johne's disease in ruminants is an infectious disease of the small intestine caused by mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis, and a global problem of the livestock industry. no therapy is available and the use of a whole bacterin vaccine is limited due to interference with tuberculosis diagnostics. in earlier studies we showed the protective effect of hsp70/dda subunit vaccination against paratuberculosis. in the current study, potential interference of this vaccination w ... | 2009 | 19428845 |
| identification of differentially expressed genes in ileum, intestinal lymph node and peripheral blood mononuclear cells of sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis using differential display polymerase chain reaction. | discovery of differentially expressed genes aids in understanding molecular mechanisms underpinning normal and pathological states. when studying animals such as sheep where the entire genome has not been characterized, techniques that do not require knowledge of gene sequences are particularly advantageous. we used one such technique, differential display polymerase chain reaction (dd-pcr), to identify genes that had different degrees of expression in response to mycobacterium avium subsp. para ... | 2009 | 19439365 |
| single nucleotide polymorphisms in the is900 sequence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis are strain type specific. | insertion sequence is900 is used as a target for the identification of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. previous reports have revealed single nucleotide polymorphisms within is900. this study, which analyzed the is900 sequences of a panel of isolates representing m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis strain types i, ii, and iii, revealed conserved type-specific polymorphisms that could be utilized as a tool for diagnostic and epidemiological purposes. | 2009 | 19439536 |
| comparison of faecal culture and is900 pcr assay for the detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in bovine faecal samples. | comparative efficacy of faecal culture and is900 polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assay of faecal samples was investigated in 40 clinically suspected cases of johne's disease in dairy cattle. the sensitivity of faecal culture and pcr assay in this study was 52.5% (21/40) and 90% (36/40) respectively. all isolates appeared only on the mycobactin j supplemented herrold's egg yolk medium (heym) at 8-16 weeks post-inoculation, were acid-fast and were positive for is900 pcr yielding a single amplicon ... | 2009 | 19440851 |
| therapeutic vaccine comprising mycobacterium hsp70. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis is the causative agent of johen's disease. this infection of the small intestine is a global problem in the livestock industry. bacterial shedding by infected but subclinical animals, and transmission via the fecal or intrauterine route and through colostrum and/or milk, make containment and eradication of this disease highly problematic. current vaccine strategies are ineffective and no effective therapy is available. | 2009 | 19441901 |
| on the evolution of 'indian bison type' strains of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease (jd) in animals, has also been linked with crohn's disease in human beings. lack of indigenous diagnostics and vaccine hampered control of jd in india. designing effective control strategies require thorough understanding of the etiological agent at phenotypic and molecular levels. on the basis of cultural phenotypes and is1311 pcr-rea typing, map strains have been genotyped as 'cattle type', 'sheep typ ... | 2010 | 19442500 |
| antibiotics and probiotics in inflammatory bowel disease: why, when, and how. | to summarize recent evidence on the role of intestinal bacteria in inflammatory bowel diseases, and of antibiotics and probiotics in their treatment. the implications connected with the use of antibiotics are also examined. | 2009 | 19444096 |
| a longitudinal study on the impact of johne's disease status on milk production in individual cows. | longitudinal data from 3 commercial dairy herds in the northeast united states were collected from 2004 to 2007. johne's disease status, as indicated by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis infection levels, was determined through quarterly elisa serum testing, biannual fecal culture, and culture of tissues at slaughter. milk production data were collected from the dairy herd improvement association. the effect of johne's disease status on milk production was analyzed using a mixed linear m ... | 2009 | 19447998 |
| [role of mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis in the etiopathogenesis of crohn's disease]. | 2009 | 19457586 | |
| comparison of three methods for susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to 11 antimicrobial drugs. | to evaluate the bactec(tm) mgit(tm) 960/mgit para tb (mgit) system for drug susceptibility testing of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), a pathogen implicated in some forms of crohn's disease. | 2009 | 19457932 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in children with early-onset crohn's disease. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the most enduring infectious candidate that may be associated with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). it is possible that the inconsistencies in the prevalence studies of map in adults reflect clinical differences in adult patients studied, including duration of disease and treatment regimens, and also in lack of specificity of some of the assays used. the aim was to determine the presence of map in children with symptoms of crohn's disease ... | 2009 | 19462429 |
| novel mutations in tlr genes cause hyporesponsiveness to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection. | toll like receptors (tlr) play the central role in the recognition of pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). mutations in the tlr1, tlr2 and tlr4 genes may change the ability to recognize pamps and cause altered responsiveness to the bacterial pathogens. | 2009 | 19470169 |
| sample handling substantially affects johne's elisa. | detection methods for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) are imperfect, yet crucial for diagnosis of johne's disease. our purpose was to test for significant and biologically relevant changes in johne's elisa results associated with how field-collected blood samples were transported to the laboratory, prepared and stored prior to testing, while removing potential confounding by test kit and laboratory variables. blood samples were collected from 21 cows that previously had map eli ... | 2009 | 19477542 |
| isolation of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis reactive cd4 t cells from intestinal biopsies of crohn's disease patients. | crohn's disease (cd) is a chronic granulomatous inflammation of the intestine. the etiology is unknown, but an excessive immune response to bacteria in genetically susceptible individuals is probably involved. the response is characterized by a strong th1/th17 response, but the relative importance of the various bacteria is not known. | 2009 | 19479064 |
| inactivation of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis in milk by uv treatment. | to determine the effect of uv radiation on the viability of two strains of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) inoculated into milk. | 2009 | 19486288 |
| contamination of food products with mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis: a systematic review. | although a causal link between mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) and crohn's disease has not been proved, previous studies suggest that the potential routes of human exposure to map should be investigated. we conducted a systematic review of literature concerning the likelihood of contamination of food products with map and the likely changes in the quantity of map in dairy and meat products along their respective production chains. relevant data were extracted from 65 resear ... | 2009 | 19486426 |
| a novel cell wall lipopeptide is important for biofilm formation and pathogenicity of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | biofilm formation by pathogenic bacteria plays a key role in their pathogenesis. previously, the psta gene was shown to be involved in the virulence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (m. ap), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and a potential risk factor for crohn's disease. scanning electron microscopy and colonization levels of the m. ap mutant indicated that the psta gene significantly contributes to the ability of m. ap to form biofilms. digital measurements ta ... | 2009 | 19490829 |
| candidate gene polymorphisms (boifng, tlr4, slc11a1) as risk factors for paratuberculosis infection in cattle. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) imposes a significant problem to the world dairy and beef industries and today is considered a potential zoonosis. the disease is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and is characterized by progressive weight loss and profuse diarrhoea. susceptibility to infection is suspected to have a genetic component, and moderated values for heritability of infection have been reported. interferon gamma is an inducible cytokine with a crucial role in the ... | 2009 | 19525022 |
| direct detection of unamplified dna from pathogenic mycobacteria using dna-derivatized gold nanoparticles. | mycobacterial infections have a high economic, human and animal health impact. herein, we present the development of a colorimetric method that relies on the use of gold nanoparticles for fast and specific detection of mycobacterium spp. dispensing with the need for dna amplification. the result can be recorded by visual and/or spectrophotometric comparison of solutions before and after acid induced aunp-probe aggregation. the presence of a complementary target prevents aggregation and the solut ... | 2009 | 19539667 |
| evaluation of three molecular methods of repetitive element loci for differentiation of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map). | the aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of three methods to determine the molecular diversity of 34 mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) strains isolated from 17 cattle herds. the applied methods included the analysis of sequence polymorphism of the mononucleotide (g1 and g2) and trinucleotide sequences (ggt) of the short sequence repeats (ssr) and the determination of size polymorphism of 9 different mycobacterial interspersed repetitive units (miru) and 6 variab ... | 2009 | 19557341 |
| the toxic effects of multiple persistent organic pollutant exposures on the post-hatch immunity maturation of glaucous gulls. | this study tested whether the immune system of the glaucous gull (larus hyperboreus) chicks became affected by existing environmental contaminants. an experimental group was given food that mimicked the natural contaminant mixture found in food from the north atlantic marine environment, while the control group was given the equivalent of nearly clean food. all chicks were immunized with herpes virus (ehv), reovirus (reo), influenza virus (eiv), and tetanus toxoid (tet) in order to test their ab ... | 2009 | 19557615 |
| adsorption of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to soil particles. | attachment of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis to soil particles could increase their availability to farm animals, as well as influence the transportation of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis to water sources. to investigate the possibility of such attachment, we passed a known quantity of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis through chromatography columns packed with clay soil, sandy soil, pure silica, clay-silica mixture, or clay-silica complexes and measured the organisms recovered in ... | 2009 | 19561187 |
| investigation and diagnosis of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis in a captive herd of aoudad (ammotragus lervia). | an epizootic of nontuberculous mycobacteriosis occurred in a captive herd of aoudad (ammotragus lervia) over a period of 18 mo. each of the affected animals was subject to a thorough postmortem examination that included histopathology, tissue concentration and acid-fast staining, aerobic and anaerobic bacterial culture, mycobacterial culture, and real-time polymerase chain reaction specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis dna. histopathologic lesions consistent with pulmonary mycobacteriosis, inc ... | 2009 | 19569478 |
| presence, characterization, and genotype profiles of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from unpasteurized individual and pooled milk, commercial pasteurized milk, and milk products in india by culture, pcr, and pcr-rea methods. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in ruminants, a chronic enteritis evocative of human inflammatory bowel disease. in industrialized countries map has been cultured from pasteurized milk, compounding the increasing concern that map may be zoonotic. the purpose of this study was to evaluate commercially available unpasteurized and pasteurized milk and its products for the presence of viable map or map dna from an area of northern india with a population ... | 2010 | 19576834 |
| the gammadelta cells as marker of non-seroconverted cattle naturally infected with mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | early diagnosis of map infection is a pressing need to enable efficient intervention with the spread of map infection in herds. hence, study of lymphocyte subsets and their expressed adhesion molecules could contribute in defining a distinct diagnostic marker (or markers) at the subclinical period of the infection that could in turn facilitate the development of effective diagnostic approach. in accordance with this objective, milk and blood samples were collected from two groups of cattle natur ... | 2010 | 19589549 |
| single-antigen serological testing for bovine tuberculosis. | antibody responses are useful indicators of mycobacterium bovis infection of cattle. tests for such responses often use multiple m. bovis antigens as detection probes. this is recommended because responses to single antigens may be too variable for consistent diagnosis. however, the use of multiple antigens increases costs and the risk of false-positive results. as an alternative, the seralyte-mbv system detects responses to a single m. bovis antigen, mpb83, by using a chemiluminescent testing p ... | 2009 | 19605596 |
| characterization of the apa antigen from m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis: a conserved mycobacterium antigen that elicits a strong humoral response in cattle. | johne's disease or paratuberculosis is widespread in almost all countries and remains difficult to eradicate. nowadays, diagnosis of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (mptb) infection is one of the main concerns. in this work, we evaluated the expression, biochemical properties and antigenicity of the apa antigen, encoded by the gene annotated as map1569, in the mptb genome. we confirmed its expression in mptb and its glycosylation by the cona binding assay. although the mptb-apa is no ... | 2009 | 19616313 |
| reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis on california free-stall dairies. | the reliability of environmental sampling to quantify mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) based on collector and time was evaluated. fecal slurry samples were collected using a standardized protocol simultaneously by 2 collectors of different experience levels. samples were collected from 30 cow pens on 4 dairies every other day on 3 occasions while cow movements between pens were minimal. the 4 study herds had moderate map seroprevalence and were housed in free-stall dairies in cent ... | 2009 | 19620644 |
| benefits of obtaining test-negative level 4 classification for beef producers in the voluntary bovine johne's disease control program. | the us voluntary bovine johne's disease control program (vbjdcp) stipulates the national standards for johne's disease (jd) control, and herds classified as test-negative at level 4 of the vbjdcp have the greatest likelihood of being non-infected. a questionnaire survey of owners of vbjdcp test-negative level 4 beef herds was conducted to describe perceived benefits of attaining level 4 status. thirty-nine of the 40 producers returned completed or partially completed surveys. sixty-four percent ... | 2009 | 19625094 |
| effect of levamisole on faecal levels of acid-fast organisms in cows with paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19633326 | |
| unique genotypes of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis strains of type iii. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) strains with two new is900 restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) bsteii types intermediate suspected to belong to the map type iii group were isolated from migrating sheep in germany. such strains have only been sporadically identified in a few studies. for a better understanding of the genomic diversity of map with regard to specific host associations, geographic origin, and the discussed classification into type i, type ii and type ii ... | 2009 | 19647378 |
| mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in a diamant sparrow. | 2009 | 19666920 | |
| crohn disease and mycobacterial infection in children: an intriguing relationship. | the relation between crohn disease (cd) and mycobacterial infection is complex and intriguing. the 2 conditions share common immunopathogenic features, and the hypothesis that mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis may cause cd is still under debate. moreover, differential diagnosis between cd and intestinal tuberculosis (tb) may be challenging, especially in the growing proportion of children immigrating from countries with a high prevalence of tb. thus, in western countries, paediatri ... | 2009 | 19680150 |
| prevalence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in ileocecal lymph nodes and on hides and carcasses from cull cows and fed cattle at commercial beef processing plants in the united states. | clinical associations between crohn's disease in humans and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have been suggested but not confirmed. cattle could be sources for map, but little information on map prevalence with beef has been reported. samples of ileocecal lymph nodes and swabs of hides and carcasses from 343 animals at cull cattle slaughtering facilities and 243 animals at fed cattle slaughtering facilities across the united states were analyzed for the presence of map. amplific ... | 2009 | 19681269 |
| internalization-dependent recognition of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis by intestinal epithelial cells. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a highly prevalent chronic intestinal infection in domestic and wildlife ruminants. the microbial pathogenesis of map infection has attracted additional attention due to an association with the human enteric inflammatory crohn's disease. map is acquired by the faecal-oral route prompting us to study the interaction with differentiated intestinal epithelial cells. map was rapidly internalized and accumulate ... | 2009 | 19681906 |
| identification and functional characterization of the iron-dependent regulator (ider) of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), the causative agent of johne's disease in cattle and sheep, has unique iron requirements in that it is mycobactin-dependent for cultivation in vitro. the iron-dependent regulator (ider) is a well-characterized global regulator responsible for maintaining iron homeostasis in mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). we identified an orthologous segment in the map genome, map2827, with >93 % amino acid identity to mtb ider. electrophoretic mobility sh ... | 2009 | 19684064 |
| immunohistochemical localization of galectin-3 in the granulomatous lesions of paratuberculosis-infected bovine intestine. | the presence of galectin-3 was immunohistochemically quantified in bovine intestines infected with paratuberculosis (johne's disease) to determine whether galectin-3 was involved in the formation of granulation tissue associated with the disease. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis infection was histochemically confirmed using ziehl-neelsen staining and molecularly diagnosed through rpob dna sequencing. galectin-3 was detected in the majority of inflammatory cells, possibly macrophages, ... | 2009 | 19687616 |
| low cross-reactivity of t-cell responses against lipids from mycobacterium bovis and m. avium paratuberculosis during natural infection. | although cd1 proteins are known to present mycobacterial lipid antigens to t cells, there is little understanding of the in vivo behavior of t cells restricted by cd1a, cd1b and cd1c, and the relative immunogenicity and immunodominance of individual lipids within the total array of lipids that comprise a bacterium. because bovines express multiple cd1 proteins and are natural hosts of mycobacterium bovis and mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map), we used them as a new animal model of cd1 fu ... | 2009 | 19688747 |
| a mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis luxr regulates cell envelope and virulence. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis adapts to the environment via the regulation of genes affecting its envelope's composition. bacteria grown in milk (in vivo conditions) presented differences in the cell wall-associated lipids and in the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism (fade8, fade6 and map1420) and host cell invasion (map1203, lprl). a different lipid profile was also observed in the envelope of intracellular bacteria after 1 h of infection. intracellular bacteria sho ... | 2010 | 19710090 |
| survival of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in biofilms on livestock watering trough materials. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease, a chronic enteric infection that affects ruminants. despite the ubiquitous occurrence of mycobacterium sp. in nature and the fact that johne's disease has been reported worldwide, little research has been done to assess its survival in agricultural environments. the goal of this 365-day study was to evaluate the ability of map to persist in mixed-community biofilms on materials commonly used to construct ... | 2010 | 19717251 |
| the use of mpb70 and mpb83 to distinguish between bovine tuberculosis and paratuberculosis. | in order to demonstrate the potential to distinguish paratuberculosis (ptb) from bovine tuberculosis infection (tb), elisas with m. bovis-specific mpb70 or mpb83 as capture antigens were developed and tested on two groups of cattle: group a comprised 23 animals positive for mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (map) and tb free. group b comprised 48 animals from a map free herd during the previous 5 years, but confirmed as tuberculous by positive results on ppd testing and m. bovis culture. resu ... | 2010 | 19735941 |
| gamma-delta t cell subsets are differentially associated with granuloma development and organization in a bovine model of mycobacterial disease. | the characteristic lesion in bovine tuberculosis is well-organized respiratory granulomas. this is typically associated with a strong t-helper 1 biased cell-mediated immune response and eventual containment of the infection. in bovine paratuberculosis, the classic lesion is unorganized granulomatous intestinal inflammation. clinical paratuberculosis is associated with a t-helper 2 biased humoral immune response and eventual death because of inability of the host to contain the infection. recent ... | 2009 | 19758417 |
| effects of interactions of antibacterial drugs with each other and with 6-mercaptopurine on in vitro growth of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has been targeted for treatment with clarithromycin and rifamycin derivatives in numerous cases of crohn's disease (cd). 6-mercaptopurine and its pro-drug azathioprine are widely used as immunomodulators in the treatment of cd and have recently been shown to have anti-map activity in vitro. the objectives of the study were to evaluate the in vitro effects on map of (i) 6-mercaptopurine when combined with each of eight conventional antibacteri ... | 2009 | 19759042 |
| evaluation of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smear and elisa as tools for surveillance of clinical paratuberculosis in cattle in the netherlands. | testing cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis is an important element of surveillance of paratuberculosis. the aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic-test characteristics of microscopic examination of ziehl-neelsen stained faecal smears for acid-fast mycobacteria (zn-test) and serum-elisa in cattle suspected of clinical paratuberculosis in the netherlands. results of all samples submitted for zn-test and serum-elisa between april 2003 and april 2006 to our laboratory were retri ... | 2009 | 19762098 |
| short communication: progression of johne's disease curtailed by a probiotic. | the naturally occurring inflammatory bowel disease johne's, caused by mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map), has many clinical manifestations in common with the human inflammatory bowel disease crohn's disease. in addition, both lack preventive and curative therapies. because a high percentage of crohn's patients harbor map, it is not surprising that map is at the center of controversy as to its contribution. special concern is being raised as to what role, if any, food animals play in ... | 2009 | 19762800 |
| loss of income from cows shedding mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis prior to calving compared with cows not shedding the organism on two minnesota dairy farms. | quantification of the financial effect of mycobacterium paratuberculosis infection on lactation performance is essential to encourage participation of dairy cattle producers in johne's disease (jd) control programs. the objective of this study was to evaluate the differences in net income per lactation of cows shedding mycobacterium paratuberculosis before calving compared with test-negative cows. two minnesota dairies were enrolled in the study and fecal samples were collected from 1,048 cows d ... | 2009 | 19762809 |
| linking chronic infection and autoimmune diseases: mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, slc11a1 polymorphisms and type-1 diabetes mellitus. | the etiology of type 1 diabetes mellitus (t1dm) is still unknown; numerous studies are performed to unravel the environmental factors involved in triggering the disease. slc11a1 is a membrane transporter that is expressed in late endosomes of antigen presenting cells involved in the immunopathogenic events leading to t1dm. mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) has been reported to be a possible trigger in the development of t1dm. | 2009 | 19768110 |
| molecular identification of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in an italian patient with hashimoto's thyroiditis and melkersson-rosenthal syndrome. | 2010 | 19797462 | |
| occurrence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis across host species and european countries with evidence for transmission between wildlife and domestic ruminants. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) causes an infectious chronic enteritis (paratuberculosis or johne's disease) principally of ruminants. the epidemiology of map is poorly understood, particularly with respect to the role of wildlife reservoirs and the controversial issue of zoonotic potential (crohn's disease). genotypic discrimination of map isolates is pivotal to descriptive epidemiology and resolving these issues. this study was undertaken to determine the genetic diversit ... | 2009 | 19811631 |
| modulation of pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion from ht-29 human intestinal epithelial cells by commensal bacteria. | human intestinal epithelial cells (iecs) secrete the chemokine ccl20 in response to infection by various enteropathogenic bacteria or exposure to bacterial flagellin. ccl20 recruits immature dendritic cells and lymphocytes to target sites. here we investigated iec responses to various pathogenic and commensal bacteria as well as the modulatory effects of commensal bacteria on pathogen-induced ccl20 secretion. ht-29 human iecs were incubated with commensal bacteria (bifidobacterium infantis or la ... | 2009 | 19814810 |
| experimental infection model for johne's disease using a lyophilised, pure culture, seedstock of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | johne's disease is a severe chronic enteritis of ruminants caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). repeatable infections of known duration are required for validation of new diagnostic tests, evaluation of pathogenesis and development of improved vaccines. in the first study of its type, a standardised experimental model for johne's disease was developed based on a lyophilised, low passage, pure culture, seedstock of map. experimental inoculations of sheep with accuratel ... | 2010 | 19815353 |
| detection of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in tissue samples of cattle and buffaloes. | tissue samples were collected at random from cattle (bos taurus) and buffalo (bubalus bubalis) from an abattoir of the district of lahore and were analyzed for the presence of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis and mycobacterium bovis through acid-fast staining and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). body condition of animals and diarrhea were recorded. most of the animals were emaciated. diarrhea was noticed in 15.6% of buffaloes and 19.2% of cattle. intestinal pathology was observed in 2 ... | 2010 | 19816784 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) as a modifying factor in crohn's disease. | crohn's disease (cd) is a multifactorial syndrome with genetic and environmental contributions. mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) has been frequently isolated from mucosal tissues of patients with cd but the cellular immune response to this bacterium has been poorly described. our aim was to examine the influence of map on t-cell proliferation and cytokine responses in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). | 2010 | 19824071 |
| the structure and peroxidase activity of a 33-kda catalase-related protein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis. | true catalases are tyrosine-liganded, usually tetrameric, hemoproteins with subunit sizes of approximately 55-84 kda. recently characterized hemoproteins with a catalase-related structure, yet lacking in catalatic activity, include the 40-43 kda allene oxide synthases of marine invertebrates and cyanobacteria. herein, we describe the 1.8 a x-ray crystal structure of a 33 kda subunit hemoprotein from mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (annotated as map-2744c), that retains the core element ... | 2009 | 19827095 |
| optimization of a rapid viability assay for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis by using alamarblue. | a microtiter alamarblue assay was adapted and optimized for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. using cell concentrations ranging from 10(4) to 10(8) cfu/ml, a minimum incubation time to indicate viability was obtained after 24 h. rifampin (rifampicin) was used to demonstrate that this method has applications for high-throughput screening against m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | 2009 | 19837835 |
| short communication: detection of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis by polymerase chain reaction in bovine milk in brazil. | mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects all ruminants worldwide. since the isolation of map from intestinal tissue of human patients bearing crohn's disease, there has been a debate on the possibility of this agent playing a role in the etiology of crohn's disease. milk could be the potential vehicle for transmission to humans. mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis has alrea ... | 2009 | 19841202 |
| reduced transcript stabilization restricts tnf-alpha expression in raw264.7 macrophages infected with pathogenic mycobacteria: evidence for an involvement of lipomannan. | despite the critical role that tnf-alpha plays in the containment of mycobacterial infection, the mechanisms involved in regulation of its expression by mycobacteria are poorly defined. we addressed this question by studying map, which causes a chronic enteritis in ruminants and is linked to human crohn's disease. we found that in map infected macrophages, tnf-alpha gene expression was substantially lower than in macrophages infected with nonpathogenic ms or stimulated with lps. tnf-alpha transc ... | 2010 | 19850884 |
| production of and applications for a polyclonal igy diagnostic reagent specific for mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | antibodies specific to the cell surface antigens of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) have multiple useful applications, e.g. organism detection, immunoconcentration, and cell visualization. the aim of this study was to produce and compare polyclonal antibodies for such research and diagnostic purposes. three polyclonal antibodies to map were produced using sera from immunized rabbits and chickens plus naturally infected cows. cross-reactive antibodies in each map antibody prepar ... | 2009 | 19851733 |
| a comparison of methods for the construction of confidence interval for relative risk in stratified matched-pair designs. | a stratified matched-pair study is often designed for adjusting a confounding effect or effect of different trails/centers/ groups in modern medical studies. the relative risk is one of the most frequently used indices in comparing efficiency of two treatments in clinical trials. in this paper, we propose seven confidence interval estimators for the common relative risk and three simultaneous confidence interval estimators for the relative risks in stratified matched-pair designs. the performanc ... | 2010 | 19856277 |
| identification of seroreactive proteins in the culture filtrate antigen of mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis human isolates to sera from crohn's disease patients. | the etiology of crohn's disease (cd) is unresolved, but it is likely that an interplay of host genetic factors and environmental triggers is relevant. mycobacterium paratuberculosis (map) has been focused upon as one of these triggers because it causes a similar chronic inflammatory bowel disease in animals. however, the differences among map antigens isolated from humans (h-map) and cattle (b-map) have not been well characterized. in this study, culture filtrate (cf) proteins from map isolates ... | 2010 | 19878316 |
| analysis of correlations between the occurrence of anti-map antibodies in blood serum and the presence of dna-map in milk. | paratuberculosis (johne's disease) is a chronic, infectious enteritis of both domestic and wild ruminants. unfortunately, the problem of map infections is not linked only with the health status of animals and potential direct and indirect economic losses in bovine herds (of dairy cattle in particular). map bacilli present in food of animal origin (milk in particular) are likely to lead to the development of the disease in humans. fast and effective diagnosis of the disease in animals, especially ... | 2009 | 19886260 |
| thermal inactivation profiles of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in lamb skeletal muscle homogenate fluid. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) causes johne's disease in livestock and there is a debate about its role in humans in chronic inflammatory bowel disorders such as crohn's disease, but the relationship remains unproven. nevertheless livestock health authorities in many countries aim to lower the prevalence of this infection to reduce potential contamination of the human food supply. map may occur in bovine milk and data on thermal inactivation suggest pasteurisation is an effect ... | 2010 | 19896745 |
| mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis high shedding in an adult female alpaca, and its implications for the rest of the herd. | 2009 | 19909432 | |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis detection in individual and bulk tank milk samples from bovine herds and caprine flocks. | paratuberculosis, or johne's disease, is caused by mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map), and it generates great economic losses for the dairy industry worldwide. in humans, map has been associated with crohn's disease. mexico has unknown paratuberculosis prevalence, and yet, control programs have not been applied. this study aimed to determine the presence of map in milk samples from seropositive goats and cows and bulk tank milk samples from herds previously designated map-infected ... | 2010 | 19911881 |
| mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in muscle, lymphatic and organ tissues from cows with advanced johne's disease. | blood, liver, kidney, lymph nodes and muscle tissue were obtained from the carcasses of five cows with advanced johne's disease. samples from the raw tissues, from cooked muscle tissues and from cooked hamburger patties that contained chopped mesenteric lymph nodes were collected aseptically. each sample was divided into two portions, one of which was decontaminated. both portions were homogenized. homogenates were spread on selective agar for the recovery of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuber ... | 2010 | 19923028 |
| identification of immune parameters to differentiate disease states among sheep infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | johne's disease, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, is caused by infection with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. three distinct forms have been observed in sheep: paucibacillary disease (pb), multibacillary disease (mb), and asymptomatic infection (as). in this study, immune parameters for animals naturally infected with m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis and identified postmortem as having pb, mb, or as were compared to provide a further understanding of the immunological reactivity co ... | 2010 | 19923568 |
| significant reduction in bacterial shedding and improvement in milk production in dairy farms after the use of a new inactivated paratuberculosis vaccine in a field trial. | paratuberculosis vaccination has been in use in some regions for many decades, but results have not been widely spread. a new mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) killed vaccine was studied in relationship with its effects on fecal shedding and milk production in four farms while other two were kept as controls submitted to a test and cull scheme. | 2009 | 19930604 |
| optimisation of culture of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from blood samples. | mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is the causative agent of johne's disease or paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants, and has been suggested to play a role in crohn's disease in humans. while disease expression is primarily in the gastrointestinal tract, isolation of map or map dna at distant sites indicates that disseminated infections also occur. this is the first study to compare, optimise and critically evaluate different methods of concentrating map from spi ... | 2010 | 19932719 |
| seroprevalence of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis in cattle in korea. | 2009 | 19946127 | |
| the role of infection in inflammatory bowel disease: initiation, exacerbation and protection. | inflammatory bowel disease, a collective term for ulcerative colitis and crohn's disease, is a chronic, immune-mediated disease of the gastrointestinal tract that develops in genetically susceptible individuals. the role of infection in the development of inflammatory bowel disease is underscored by various clinical observations, such as the delayed age of onset, suggesting that childhood exposure to pathogens is essential, and the clinical improvement that follows decreasing bacterial intestina ... | 2009 | 19960852 |
| an economic decision support tool for simulating paratuberculosis control strategies in a uk suckler beef herd. | a dynamic, deterministic, economic simulation model was developed to estimate the costs and benefits of controlling mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (johne's disease) in a suckler beef herd. the model is intended as a demonstration tool for veterinarians to use with farmers. the model design process involved user consultation and participation and the model is freely accessible on a dedicated website. the 'user-friendly' model interface allows the input of key assumptions and farm spe ... | 2010 | 20004032 |
| susceptibility to paratuberculosis infection in cattle is associated with single nucleotide polymorphisms in toll-like receptor 2 which modulate immune responses against mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis. | paratuberculosis is a chronic intestinal infection in ruminants, caused by mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map). to study the role of host genetics in disease susceptibility, the toll-like receptor 2 (tlr2) gene, selected based on its potential role in immunity to mycobacterial infections, was analyzed for single nucleotide polymorphisms (snp) and their potential association with disease. for snp discovery and to study snp association with disease, a case-control study including ... | 2010 | 20005587 |
| age susceptibility of red deer (cervus elaphus) to paratuberculosis. | the aim of this study was to measure the relative susceptibility of three age classes of red deer (cervus elaphus) to the various manifestations of infection and disease states due to mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) after experimental oral challenge. three groups of seronegative female deer (30 three-month-old weaners, 20 fifteen-month-old yearlings and 20 adults) received four oral doses of approximately 10(9) colony forming units (cfu) of a bovine strain of map. they were mon ... | 2010 | 20005645 |
| associations between reproductive performance and seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus, bovine viral-diarrhea virus, mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis, and neospora caninum in canadian dairy cows. | our objective was to investigate effects of seropositivity for bovine leukemia virus (blv), type 1 bovine viral-diarrhea virus (bvdv), mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map), and neospora caninum (nc), and their possible interactions, on reproductive efficiency (specifically, first-service conception [fsc], and calving interval [ci]) in dairy cows. the sample population included up to 30 randomly selected animals from 179 randomly selected farms in five provinces in canada, from w ... | 2010 | 20015556 |
| lack of evidence for fecal shedding of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in calves born to fecal culture positive dams. | the objective was to detect presence of calves excreting mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in their feces as a consequence of being born to map fecal culture positive (vs. negative) dams. for each cow that was about to calf, approximately 10g of feces was collected manually by the herdsmen from the rectum using a disposable plastic examination sleeve within 48-72h prior to actual calving. between 1 and 3d of birth, herd personnel collected approximately 10g of fecal samples follo ... | 2010 | 20015557 |
| a specific induction of interleukin-10 by the map41 recombinant ppe antigen of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis. | interleukin-10 (il-10) is not only an essential immunoregulator in host immunity, but also it accounts for the intracellular survival of mycobacteria because of its inhibitory activity against anti-mycobacterial functions of macrophage. it has been also indicated that blood cells from calves infected with mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) produce a large amount of il-10 after stimulation with map antigen, and it leads to suppression of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in t ... | 2010 | 20018382 |
| detection of spatial and temporal spread of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment of a cattle farm through bio-aerosols. | environmental samples were collected to investigate the spatial and temporal spread of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in a dairy cattle barn before and after the introduction of two groups of map-shedding animals. samples collected off the floor of the barn reflected the moment of sampling whereas samples collected by microfiber wipes at a minimal of 3m height contained the accumulated settled dust over a 3-week period. samples were analysed by is900 qpcr for the presence of m ... | 2010 | 20036081 |
| assessment of live candidate vaccines for paratuberculosis in animal models and macrophages. | mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (basonym m. paratuberculosis) is the causative agent of paratuberculosis, a chronic enteritis of ruminants. to control the considerable economic effect that paratuberculosis has on the livestock industry, a vaccine that induces protection with minimal side effects is required. we employed transposon mutagenesis and allelic exchange to develop three potential vaccine candidates, which were then tested for virulence with macrophages, mice, and goats. all ... | 2010 | 20038535 |
| longitudinal study of the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in the environment of dairy herds in the michigan johne's disease control demonstration herd project. | the objective of this study was to describe the distribution of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (map) in the environment of infected dairy farms over time. johne's disease (jd) prevalence was monitored annually in 7 michigan dairy herds. environmental samples were collected bi-annually and cultured for map. of 731 environmental samples that were cultured, 81 (11%) were positive. the lactating cow floor and manure storage areas were the areas most commonly contaminated, representing 3 ... | 2009 | 20046602 |
| a principal component regression based genome wide analysis approach reveals the presence of a novel qtl on bta7 for map resistance in holstein cattle. | bovine johne's disease (jd), caused by mycobacterium avium spp. paratuberculosis (map), causes significant losses to the dairy and beef cattle industries. effective vaccination or therapeutic strategies against this disease are currently unavailable and infected animals either get culled or die due to clinical disease. an alternative strategy to manage the disease is to selectively breed animals with enhanced resistance to map infection. therefore, the objective of this study was to identify gen ... | 2010 | 20060464 |
| the role of infection in the aetiology of inflammatory bowel disease. | we have greatly increased our understanding of the genetics of inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) in the last decade; however, migrant studies highlight the importance of environment in disease risk. the possibility that ibd is an infection has been debated since the first description of crohn's disease. mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis was the first organism to be suggested as an ibd pathogen, and it has been argued that it fulfils koch's postulates and could be designated the cause of crohn' ... | 2010 | 20076977 |
| molecular detection and typing of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis from milk samples of dairy animals. | genotyping of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) is important for precise classification of bacterium and for understanding the molecular epidemiology. the present study reports detection and typing of the map from milk. on the basis of clinical signs of diarrhea and/or weakness, the dairy animals suspected for johne's disease were screened by ziehl-neelsen staining of fecal samples. the milk samples from 13 selected animals were processed for dna extraction and direct is900 p ... | 2010 | 20082257 |
| surveys for disease agents in introduced elk in arkansas and kentucky. | surveys for disease agents were conducted in introduced free-ranging elk (cervus elaphus nelsoni) in arkansas and kentucky. elk had been captured in colorado and nebraska and released in arkansas during 1981-1985. from 1997 through 2002 elk were captured in arizona, kansas, north dakota, new mexico, oregon, and utah and released in southeastern kentucky. specimens were collected from 170 hunter-killed elk in arkansas during 1998-2006, and 44 elk in kentucky during 2001-2004. significant findings ... | 2010 | 20090032 |
| comparison of three methods for extraction of mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis dna for polymerase chain reaction from broth-based culture systems. | conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) assays were used to measure the recovery of dna from mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (map) extracted with 3 different methods (magmax, dneasy(r), and phenol-chloroform) after growth in a broth-based culture system. of the 304 samples tested, bacterial dna was detected in 197 (65%) of samples after magmax, 156 (51%) after phenol-chloroform, and 123 (40%) after dneasy extractions. by acid-fast stain, 177 (58%) of the sample ... | 2010 | 20093685 |
| escherichia coli, salmonella, and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis in wild european starlings at a kansas cattle feedlot. | the prevalence of escherichia coli, salmonella spp., and mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis isolated from the feces of wild european starlings (sturnus vulgaris) humanely trapped at a feedlot in central kansas was assessed. all e. coli and salmonella isolates recovered were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using national antimicrobial resistance monitoring system panels and the e. coli isolates were classified as to their content of genes associated with pathogenic e. coli of bir ... | 2009 | 20095155 |
| rapid assessment of the viability of mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells after heat treatment, using an optimized phage amplification assay. | thermal inactivation experiments were carried out to assess the utility of a recently optimized phage amplification assay to accurately enumerate viable mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis cells in milk. ultra-heat-treated (uht) whole milk was spiked with large numbers of m. avium subsp. paratuberculosis organisms (10(6) to 10(7) cfu/ml) and dispensed in 100-microl aliquots in thin-walled 200-microl pcr tubes. a primus 96 advanced thermal cycler (peqlab, erlangen, germany) was used to ac ... | 2010 | 20097817 |
| attitudes towards biosecurity practices relevant to johne's disease control on beef cattle farms. | the success of control programs can be improved when producers' attitudes towards these programs are positive. implementation of control programs for chronic diseases are more challenging than those for acute diseases because of the absence of the "cues-to-action" that are associated with acute diseases. johne's disease (jd) is a chronic diarrheal disease of ruminants, and national voluntary control programs exist in several countries. we used a mailed cross-sectional survey to describe the atti ... | 2010 | 20102783 |
| absence of mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis-specific is900 sequence in intestinal biopsy tissues of indian patients with crohn's disease. | the role of mycobacterium avium ss paratuberculosis (map) in the etiopathology of crohn's disease (cd) remains controversial, because of conflicting reports demonstrating the presence of map-specific insertion sequence from intestinal biopsy tissues of patients clinically diagnosed for the disease. the present study was carried out to investigate the presence of map dna in the intestinal tissues of cd patients to ascertain the relevance of map in indian patients with cd. | 2010 | 20107965 |