Publications

application of a genetically encoded biosensor for live cell imaging of l-valine production in pyruvate dehydrogenase complex-deficient corynebacterium glutamicum strains.	the majority of biotechnologically relevant metabolites do not impart a conspicuous phenotype to the producing cell. consequently, the analysis of microbial metabolite production is still dominated by bulk techniques, which may obscure significant variation at the single-cell level. in this study, we have applied the recently developed lrp-biosensor for monitoring of amino acid production in single cells of gradually engineered l-valine producing corynebacterium glutamicum strains based on the p ...	2014	24465669
genetic characterization of 4-cresol catabolism in corynebacterium glutamicum.	corynebacterium glutamicum uses 4-cresol as sole carbon source for growth. protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase activity had been detected when c. glutamicum was grown with 4-cresol. in this work, we found that 4-cresol was catabolized via 4-hydroxybenzoate and protocatechuate as intermediate metabolites, and a genetic cluster called cre (designated for 4-cresol, creabcdefghir, tagged as ncgl0521-ncgl0531 in ncbi) was identified. the cre gene cluster comprises of 11 genes, and six of them were experi ...	2014	24480572
engineering biotin prototrophic corynebacterium glutamicum strains for amino acid, diamine and carotenoid production.	the gram-positive corynebacterium glutamicum is auxotrophic for biotin. besides the biotin uptake system bioymn and the transcriptional regulator bioq, this bacterium possesses functional enzymes for the last three reactions of biotin synthesis starting from pimeloyl-coa. heterologous expression of biof from the gram-negative escherichia coli enabled biotin synthesis from pimelic acid added to the medium, but expression of biof together with bioc and bioh from e. coli did not entail biotin proto ...	2014	24486440
the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of corynebacterium glutamicum: an attractive target for metabolic engineering.	the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (pdhc) catalyzes the oxidative thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-coa and co2. since pyruvate is a key metabolite of the central metabolism and also the precursor for several relevant biotechnological products, metabolic engineering of this multienzyme complex is a promising strategy to improve microbial production processes. this review summarizes the current knowledge and achievements on metabolic engineering approaches to ...	2014	24486441
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for glycolate production.	corynebacterium glutamicum - a well-known industrial amino acid producer - has recently been engineered for the production of a variety of new products including diamines, alcohols, carotenoids and organic acids. glycolic acid was shown here not to serve as sole or combined carbon source for c. glutamicum. glycolate affected growth of c. glutamicum only at high concentrations (460mm) and in a comparable manner as other salts (480mm potassium chloride and 490mm sodium chloride). a transcriptome a ...	2014	24486442
high-level expression in corynebacterium glutamicum of nitrile hydratase from rhodococcus rhodochrous for acrylamide production.	the nhhbag gene of rhodococcus rhodochrous m33 that encodes nitrile hydratase (nhase), converting acrylonitrile into acrylamide, was cloned and expressed in corynebacterium glutamicum under the control of an ilvc promoter. the specific enzyme activity in recombinant c. glutamicum cells was about 13.6 μmol/min/mg dry cell weight (dcw). to overexpress the nhase, five types of plasmid variants were constructed by introducing mutations into 80 nucleotides near the translational initiation region (ti ...	2014	24493572
identification and methionine analog tolerance of environmental bacterial isolates selected on methionine analog containing medium.	methionine is the first limiting amino acid in poultry feed. currently, methionine supplement is synthesized from an expensive chemical process requiring hazardous chemicals. therefore, the objectives of this study were isolation of methionine producing bacteria from environmental samples and quantification of methionine production in these isolated bacteria. mcgc medium was selected as the isolation medium for methionine-producing bacteria by using corynebacterium glutamicum atcc13032 and esche ...	2014	24502216
high-throughput screening of a corynebacterium glutamicum mutant library on genomic and metabolic level.	due to impressive achievements in genomic research, the number of genome sequences has risen quickly, followed by an increasing number of genes with unknown or hypothetical function. this strongly calls for development of high-throughput methods in the fields of transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics. of these platforms, metabolic profiling has the strongest correlation with the phenotype. we previously published a high-throughput metabolic profiling method for c. glutamicum as well as the ...	2014	24504095
improving the secretion of cadaverine in corynebacterium glutamicum by cadaverine-lysine antiporter.	cadaverine (1,5-pentanediamine, diaminopentane), the desired raw material of bio-polyamides, is an important industrial chemical with a wide range of applications. biosynthesis of cadaverine in corynebacterium glutamicum has been a competitive way in place of petroleum-based chemical synthesis method. to date, the cadaverine exporter has not been found in c. glutamicum. in order to improve cadaverine secretion, the cadaverine-lysine antiporter cadb from escherichia coli was studied in c. glutami ...	2014	24510022
construction and application of novel feedback-resistant 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthases by engineering the n-terminal domain for l-phenylalanine synthesis.	3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate synthase (dahp synthase) encoded by arof is the first enzyme of the shikimate pathway. in the present study, an arof variant with a deficiency in residue ile11 (named arof*) was shown to be insensitive to l-tyrosine. according to three-dimensional structure analysis, nine arof variants were constructed with truncation of different n-terminal fragments, and overexpression of the variants arof(δ(1-9)) , arof(δ(1-10)) , arof(δ(1-12)) and, in particular, a ...	2014	24517515
the physiological role of riboflavin transporter and involvement of fmn-riboswitch in its gene expression in corynebacterium glutamicum.	riboflavin is a precursor of flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), which work as cofactors of numerous enzymes. understanding the supply system of these cofactors in bacteria, particularly those used for industrial production of value added chemicals, is important given the pivotal role the cofactors play in substrate metabolism. in this work, we examined the effect of disruption of riboflavin utilization genes on cell growth, cytoplasmic flavin levels, and expressio ...	2014	24531272
analysis of cepa encoding an efflux pump-like protein in corynebacterium glutamicum.	a gene encoding a homolog of purine efflux proteins of escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis was identified in the genome of corynebacterium glutamicum and designated as cepa. the gene encoded a putative protein product, containing 12 transmembrane helixes, which is a typical feature of integral membrane transport proteins. to elucidate the function of the gene, we constructed a cepa deletion mutant (δcepa) and a cepa-overexpressing strain and analyzed their physiological characteristics. the c ...	2014	24535744
characterization of 3-phosphoglycerate kinase from corynebacterium glutamicum and its impact on amino acid production.	corynebacterium glutamicum cg1790/pgk encodes an enzyme active as a 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (pgk) (ec 2.7.2.3) catalyzing phosphoryl transfer from 1,3-biphosphoglycerate (bpg) to adp to yield 3-phosphoglycerate (3-pg) and atp in substrate chain phosphorylation.	2014	24593686
carbon flux analysis by 13c nuclear magnetic resonance to determine the effect of co2 on anaerobic succinate production by corynebacterium glutamicum.	wild-type corynebacterium glutamicum produces a mixture of lactic, succinic, and acetic acids from glucose under oxygen deprivation. we investigated the effect of co2 on the production of organic acids in a two-stage process: cells were grown aerobically in glucose, and subsequently, organic acid production by nongrowing cells was studied under anaerobic conditions. the presence of co2 caused up to a 3-fold increase in the succinate yield (1 mol per mol of glucose) and about 2-fold increase in a ...	2014	24610842
a method for gene amplification and simultaneous deletion in corynebacterium glutamicum genome without any genetic markers.	a method for the simultaneous replacement of a given gene by a target gene, leaving no genetic markers, has been developed. the method is based on insertional inactivation and double-crossover homologous recombination. with this method, the lysc(t311i), fbp and ddh genes were inserted into corynebacterium glutamicum genome, and the pck, alat and avta genes were deleted. mobilizable plasmids with lysc(t311i), fbp and ddh cassettes and two homologous arms on the ends of pck, alat and avta were con ...	2014	24613758
recent progress in development of synthetic biology platforms and metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum.	the paradigm of synthetic biology has been evolving, along with relevant engineering, to achieve designed bio-systems. synthetic biology has reached the point where it is possible to develop microbial strains to produce desired chemicals. recent advances in this field have promoted metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum as an amino-acid producer for use in intelligent microbial-cell factories. here, we review recent advances that address c. glutamicum as a potential model organism f ...	2014	24632177
analysis of putative protomer crosstalk in the trimeric transporter betp: the heterotrimer approach.	the homotrimeric, secondary active betaine carrier betp from corynebacterium glutamicum is a model system for stress-regulated transport in bacteria. its activity responds to hyperosmotic stress and it harbors two different functions, transport catalysis (betaine uptake) and stimulus sensing, resp. activity regulation. structural information from 2d and 3d crystals as well as functional analysis of monomerized betp suggested the presence of conformational crosstalk between the individual protome ...	2014	24637177
engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for growth and l-lysine and lycopene production from n-acetyl-glucosamine.	sustainable supply of feedstock has become a key issue in process development in microbial biotechnology. the workhorse of industrial amino acid production corynebacterium glutamicum has been engineered towards utilization of alternative carbon sources. utilization of the chitin-derived aminosugar n-acetyl-glucosamine (glcnac) for both cultivation and production with c. glutamicum has hitherto not been investigated. albeit this organism harbors the enzymes n-acetylglucosamine-6-phosphatedeacetyl ...	2014	24668244
chorismate-dependent transcriptional regulation of quinate/shikimate utilization genes by lysr-type transcriptional regulator qsur in corynebacterium glutamicum: carbon flow control at metabolic branch point.	the qsu operon of corynebacterium glutamicum comprises four genes (qsuabcd) that underpin the microorganism's quinate/shikimate utilization pathways. the genes encode enzymes that catalyse reactions at the metabolic branch point between the biosynthesis route for synthesis of aromatic compounds and the catabolic route for degradation of quinate and shikimate for energy production. a qsur gene located immediately upstream of qsua encodes a protein (qsur) which activates the operon in the presence ...	2014	24674055
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum aimed at alternative carbon sources and new products.	corynebacterium glutamicum is well known as the amino acid-producing workhorse of fermentation industry, being used for multi-million-ton scale production of glutamate and lysine for more than 60 years. however, it is only recently that extensive research has focused on engineering it beyond the scope of amino acids. meanwhile, a variety of corynebacterial strains allows access to alternative carbon sources and/or allows production of a wide range of industrially relevant compounds. some of thes ...	2012	24688664
role of corynebacterium glutamicum spra encoding a serine protease in glxr-mediated global gene regulation.	the global regulator glxr of corynebacterium glutamicum is involved in many cellular activities. considering its role, the glxr protein likely interacts with other proteins to obtain, maintain, and control its activity. to isolate proteins interacting with glxr, we used a two-hybrid system with glxr as the bait. subsequently, the partner, a subtilisin-like serine protease, was isolated from a c. glutamicum genomic library. unlike glxr, which showed constitutive expression, the expression of spra ...	2014	24691519
[effect of overexpressing isocitrate lyase on succinate production in ldh(-1) corynebacterium glutamicum].	corynebacterium glutamicum sa001 is a mutant with lactate dehydrogenase (ldha) deletion. in order to increase metabolic flux from isocitrate to succinate, and to improve the production of succinate under anaerobic conditions,we transducted the gene acea coding isocitrate lyase (icl) from escherichia coli k12 into corynebacterium glutamicum sa001 (sa001/pxmj19-acea). after 12 h aerobic induction by adding 0.8 mmol/l of iptg, the recombinant strain was transferred to anaerobic fermentation for 16 ...	2013	24701837
synthetic biology platform of corynebrick vectors for gene expression in corynebacterium glutamicum and its application to xylose utilization.	currently, the majority of tools in synthetic biology have been designed and constructed for model organisms such as escherichia coli and saccharomyces cerevisiae. in order to broaden the spectrum of organisms accessible to such tools, we established a synthetic biological platform, called corynebrick, for gene expression in corynebacterium glutamicum as a set of e. coli-c. glutamicum shuttle vectors whose elements are interchangeable with bglbrick standard parts. c. glutamicum is an established ...	2014	24706215
the laci-type transcriptional regulator arar acts as an l-arabinose-responsive repressor of l-arabinose utilization genes in corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 31831.	the corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 31831 arabda operon consists of three l-arabinose catabolic genes, upstream of which the galm, arar, and arae genes are located in opposite orientation. arar encodes a laci-type transcriptional regulator that negatively regulates the l-arabinose-inducible expression of arabda and arae (encoding an l-arabinose transporter), through a mechanism that has yet to be identified. here we show that the arar protein binds in vitro to three sites: one upstream of arabda ...	2014	24706742
double mutation of cell wall proteins cspb and pbp1a increases secretion of the antibody fab fragment from corynebacterium glutamicum.	among other advantages, recombinant antibody-binding fragments (fabs) hold great clinical and commercial potential, owing to their efficient tissue penetration compared to that of full-length iggs. although production of recombinant fab using microbial expression systems has been reported, yields of active fab have not been satisfactory. we recently developed the corynebacterium glutamicum protein expression system (corynex®) and demonstrated improved yield and purity for some applications, alth ...	2014	24731213
enhancing corynebacterium glutamicum robustness by over-expressing a gene, msha, for mycothiol glycosyltransferase.	over-expression of the gene, msha, coding for mycothiol glycosyl transferase improved the robustness of corynebacterium glutamicum to various stresses. intracellular mycothiol (msh) content was increased by 114 % in wt(pxmj19-msha) compared to wt(pxmj19). survival rates increased by 44, 39, 90, 77, 131, 87, 52, 47, 57, 85 and 33 % as compared to wt(pxmj19) under stress by h2o2 (40 mm), methylglyoxal (5.8 mm), erythromycin (0.08 mg ml(-1)), streptomycin (0.005 mg ml(-1)), cd(2+) (0.01 mm), mn(2+) ...	2014	24737070
synthesis of β-alanine from l-aspartate using l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase from corynebacterium glutamicum.	β-alanine is mainly produced by chemical methods in current industrial processes. here, pand from corynebacterium glutamicum encoding l-aspartate-α-decarboxylase (adc) was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli bl21(de3). adc c.g catalyzes the α-decarboxylation of l-aspartate to β-alanine. the purified adc c.g was optimal at 55 °c and ph 6 with excellent stability at 16-37 °c and ph 4-7. a ph-stat directed, fed-batch feeding strategy was developed for enzymatic synthesis of β-alanine to keep t ...	2014	24737081
pupylated proteins in corynebacterium glutamicum revealed by mudpit analysis.	in a manner similar to ubiquitin, the prokaryotic ubiquitin-like protein (pup) has been shown to target proteins for degradation via the proteasome in mycobacteria. however, not all actinobacteria possessing the pup protein also contain a proteasome. in this study, we set out to study pupylation in the proteasome-lacking non-pathogenic model organism corynebacterium glutamicum. a defined pup deletion mutant of c. glutamicum atcc 13032 grew aerobically as the parent strain in standard glucose min ...	2014	24737727
phosphatase activity of the histidine kinases ensures pathway specificity of the chrsa and hrrsa two-component systems in corynebacterium glutamicum.	the majority of bacterial genomes encode a high number of two-component systems controlling gene expression in response to a variety of different stimuli. the gram-positive soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum contains two homologous two-component systems (tcs) involved in the haem-dependent regulation of gene expression. whereas the hrrsa system is crucial for utilization of haem as an alternative iron source, chrsa is required to cope with high toxic haem levels. in this study, we analyse ...	2014	24779520
cell division in corynebacterineae.	bacterial cells must coordinate a number of events during the cell cycle. spatio-temporal regulation of bacterial cytokinesis is indispensable for the production of viable, genetically identical offspring. in many rod-shaped bacteria, precise midcell assembly of the division machinery relies on inhibitory systems such as min and noc. in rod-shaped actinobacteria, for example corynebacterium glutamicum and mycobacterium tuberculosis, the divisome assembles in the proximity of the midcell region, ...	2014	24782835
involvement of the global regulator glxr in 3-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate utilization by corynebacterium glutamicum.	corynebacterium glutamicum is an industrially important producer of amino acids and organic acids, as well as an emerging model system for aromatic assimilation. an iclr-type regulator genr has been characterized to activate the transcription of gendfm and genkh operons for 3-hydroxybenzoate and gentisate catabolism and represses its own expression. on the other hand, glxr, a global regulator of the cyclic amp (camp) receptor protein-fumarate nitrate reductase regulator (crp-fnr) type, was also ...	2014	24795375
application of metabolic engineering for the biotechnological production of l-valine.	the branched chain amino acid l-valine is an essential nutrient for higher organisms, such as animals and humans. besides the pharmaceutical application in parenteral nutrition and as synthon for the chemical synthesis of e.g. herbicides or anti-viral drugs, l-valine is now emerging into the feed market, and significant increase of sales and world production is expected. in accordance, well-known microbial production bacteria, such as escherichia coli and corynebacterium glutamicum strains, have ...	2014	24816722
from zero to hero - production of bio-based nylon from renewable resources using engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.	polyamides are important industrial polymers. currently, they are produced exclusively from petrochemical monomers. herein, we report the production of a novel bio-nylon, pa5.10 through an integration of biological and chemical approaches. first, systems metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum was used to create an effective microbial cell factory for the production of diaminopentane as the polymer building block. in this way, a hyper-producer, with a high diaminopentane yield of 41% ...	2014	24831706
effect of cofactor folate on the growth of corynebacterium glutamicum syps-062 and l-serine accumulation.	the direct fermentative production of l-serine from sugar has attracted increasing attention. corynebacterium glutamicum syps-062 can directly convert sugar to l-serine. in this study, the effects of exogenous and endogenous regulation of cofactor folate on c. glutamicum syps-062 growth and l-serine accumulation were investigated. for exogenous regulation, the inhibitor (sulfamethoxazole) or precursor (p-aminobenzoate) of folate biosynthesis was added to the medium, respectively. for endogenous ...	2014	24859773
investigation of ptsg gene in response to xylose utilization in corynebacterium glutamicum.	corynebacterium glutamicum strains nc-2 were able to grow on xylose as sole carbon sources in our previous work. nevertheless, it exhibited the major shortcoming that the xylose consumption was repressed in the presence of glucose. so far, regarding c. glutamicum, there are a number of reports on ptsg gene, the glucose-specific transporter, involved in glucose metabolism. recently, we found ptsg had influence on xylose utilization and investigated the ptsg gene in response to xylose utilization ...	2014	24859809
hyaluronic acid production with corynebacterium glutamicum: effect of media composition on yield and molecular weight.	corynebacterium glutamicum was tested as an alternative host for heterologous production of hyaluronic acid (ha).	2014	24863652
corynebacterium glutamicum sdha encoding succinate dehydrogenase subunit a plays a role in cysr-mediated sulfur metabolism.	the corynebacterium glutamicum cysr protein plays a critical regulatory role in sulfur metabolism. in this study, we isolated a protein interacting with cysr by employing a two-hybrid system. subsequent analysis identified the gene as sdha annotated to encode succinate dehydrogenase flavoprotein subunit a, a krebs cycle enzyme. deletion of the gene (δsdha) severely affected cell growth and final cell yield, particularly in complex media. in addition, the δsdha mutant strain was unable to use ace ...	2014	24866946
metabolic engineering corynebacterium glutamicum for the l-lysine production by increasing the flux into l-lysine biosynthetic pathway.	the experiments presented here were based on the conclusions of our previous results. in order to avoid introduction of expression plasmid and to balance the nadh/nad ratio, the nadh biosynthetic enzyme, i.e., nad-dependent glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gadph), was replaced by nadp-dependent gadph, which was used to biosynthesize nadph rather than nadh. the results indicated that the nadh/nad ratio significantly decreased, and glucose consumption and l-lysine production drastically i ...	2014	24879631
biosynthesis of trans-4-hydroxyproline by recombinant strains of corynebacterium glutamicum and escherichia coli.	trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (trans-hyp), one of the hydroxyproline (hyp) isomers, is a useful chiral building block in the production of many pharmaceuticals. although there are some natural biosynthetic pathways of trans-hyp existing in microorganisms, the yield is still too low to be scaled up for industrial applications. until now the production of trans-hyp is mainly from the acid hydrolysis of collagen. due to the increasing environmental concerns on those severe chemical processes and compli ...	2014	24885047
engineered cytidine triphosphate synthetase with reduced product inhibition.	cytidine triphosphate (ctp) synthetase (ctps) (ec number 6.3.4.2) is a key enzyme involved in de novo synthesis of ctp. it catalyzes the rate-limiting step of the process due to the product inhibition effects on the enzyme. in this study, a novel ctps from corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 (cgctps) was cloned, expressed and characterized. a series of mutagenesis in its n-terminal ammonia ligase (alase) domain was performed in order to reduce ctp product inhibition. all single mutation varian ...	2014	24902851
interaction of 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase odha with its inhibitor odhi in corynebacterium glutamicum: mutants and a model.	pyruvate dehydrogenase and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase catalyze key reactions in central metabolism. in corynebacterium glutamicum and related bacteria like mycobacterium tuberculosis both activities reside in a novel protein supercomplex with the fusion protein odha catalyzing the conversion of oxoglutarate to succinyl-coenzyme a. this activity is inhibited by the forkhead-associated (fha) domain of the small autoinhibitory protein odhi. here we used a biological screen which enabled us to isola ...	2014	24905147
directed evolution and mutagenesis of glutamate decarboxylase from lactobacillus brevis lb85 to broaden the range of its activity toward a near-neutral ph.	glutamate decarboxylase (gad) transforms l-glutamate into γ-aminobutyric acid (gaba) with the consumption of a proton. gad derived from lactic acid bacteria exhibits optimum activity at ph 4.0-5.0 and significantly loses activity at near-neutral ph. to broaden the active range of the gad gadb1 from lactobacillus brevis lb85 toward a near-neutral ph, irrational design using directed evolution and rational design using site-specific mutagenesis were performed. for directed evolution of gadb1, a se ...	2014	24910334
production of the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene by metabolically engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.	the sesquiterpene (+)-valencene is an aroma compound of citrus fruits and is used to flavor foods and drinks. biosynthesis of (+)-valencene starts from farnesyl pyrophosphate, an intermediate of carotenoid biosynthesis. corynebacterium glutamicum, the workhorse of the million-ton scale amino acid industry, is naturally pigmented as it synthesizes the rare fifty carbon atoms (c50) containing carotenoid decaprenoxanthin. since the carotenoid pathway of this gram-positive bacterium has previously b ...	2014	24910970
expanding the laccase-toolbox: a laccase from corynebacterium glutamicum with phenol coupling and cuprous oxidase activity.	laccases are oxidases with potential for application in biotechnology. up to now only fungal laccases have been applied in technical processes, although bacterial laccases are generally easier to handle and more stable at alkaline ph values and elevated temperatures. to increase the toolbox of bacterial laccases and to broaden our knowledge about them, new enzymes have to be characterized. within this study, we describe the new bacterial laccase cgl1 from corynebacterium glutamicum. cgl1 was fou ...	2014	24910971
transcriptome sequencing revealed the transcriptional organization at ribosome-mediated attenuation sites in corynebacterium glutamicum and identified a novel attenuator involved in aromatic amino acid biosynthesis.	the gram-positive bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum belongs to the order corynebacteriales and is used as a producer of amino acids at industrial scales. due to its economic importance, gene expression and particularly the regulation of amino acid biosynthesis has been investigated extensively. applying the high-resolution technique of transcriptome sequencing (rna-seq), recently a vast amount of data has been generated that was used to comprehensively analyze the c. glutamicum transcriptome. ...	2014	24910972
microbial production of amino acids and derived chemicals: synthetic biology approaches to strain development.	amino acids are produced at the multi-million-ton-scale with fermentative production of l-glutamate and l-lysine alone being estimated to amount to more than five million tons in the year 2013. metabolic engineering constantly improves productivities of amino acid producing strains, mainly corynebacterium glutamicum and escherichia coli strains. classical mutagenesis and screening have been accelerated by combination with intracellular metabolite sensing. synthetic biology approaches have allowe ...	2014	24922334
biosynthesis of pinene from glucose using metabolically-engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.	pinene is a monoterpenes (c10) that is produced in a genetically-engineered microbial host for its industrial applications in fragrances, flavoring agents, pharmaceuticals, and biofuels. herein, we have metabolically-engineered corynebacterium glutamicum, to produce pinene and studied its toxicity in c. glutamicum. geranyl diphosphate synthases (gpps) and pinene synthases (ps), obtained from pinus taeda and abies grandis, were co-expressed with over-expressed native 1-deoxy-d-xylulose-5-phosphat ...	2014	24930112
[progress in biosythesis of diaminopentane].	air pollution and global warming are increasingly deteriorating. large amounts of polyamides derived from fossil fuel sources are consumed around the world. cadaverine is an important building monomer block of bio-based polyamides, thus biotechnological processes for these polymers possess enormous ecological and economical potential. currently, the engineered strains for biological production of cadaverine are corynebacterium glutamicum and escherichia coli. we review here the latest research p ...	2014	24941739
rnd transporters protect corynebacterium glutamicum from antibiotics by assembling the outer membrane.	corynebacterium-mycobacterium-nocardia (cmn) group are the causative agents of a broad spectrum of diseases in humans. a distinctive feature of these gram-positive bacteria is the presence of an outer membrane of unique structure and composition. recently, resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) transporters (nicknamed mmpls, mycobacterial membrane protein large) have emerged as major contributors to the biogenesis of the outer membranes in mycobacteria and as promising drug targets. in this study, ...	2014	24942069
a novel approach for improving the yield of bacillus subtilis transglutaminase in heterologous strains.	the transglutaminase (btg) from bacillus subtilis is considered to be a new type of transglutaminase for the food industry. given that the btg gene only encodes a mature peptide, the expression of btg in heterologous microbial hosts could affect their normal growth due to btg's typical transglutaminase activity which can catalyze cross-linking of proteins in the cells. therefore, we developed a novel approach to suppress btg activity and reduce the toxicity on microbial hosts, thus improving btg ...	2014	24947581
artificial oxidative stress-tolerant corynebacterium glutamicum.	we have reported a transcription profile of an adapted corynebacterium glutamicum that showed enhanced oxidative stress resistance. to construct an artificial oxidative stress-resistant strain, gene clusters in the β-ketoadipate pathway, which were up-regulated in the adapted strain, were artificially expressed in the wild-type c. glutamicum. the wild-type strain was unable to grow under 2 mm h2o2 containing minimal medium, while the strains expressing pca gene clusters restored growth under the ...	2014	24949252
disruption of pkng enhances production of gamma-aminobutyric acid by corynebacterium glutamicum expressing glutamate decarboxylase.	gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba), a building block of the biodegradable plastic polyamide 4, is synthesized from glucose by corynebacterium glutamicum that expresses escherichia coli glutamate decarboxylase (gad) b encoded by gadb. this strain was engineered to produce gaba more efficiently from biomass-derived sugars. to enhance gaba production further by increasing the intracellular concentration of its precursor glutamate, we focused on engineering pkng (encoding serine/threonine protein kinase ...	2014	24949255
a de novo nadph generation pathway for improving lysine production of corynebacterium glutamicum by rational design of the coenzyme specificity of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase.	engineering the cofactor availability is a common strategy of metabolic engineering to improve the production of many industrially important compounds. in this work, a de novo nadph generation pathway is proposed by altering the coenzyme specificity of a native nad-dependent glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) to nadp, which consequently has the potential to produce additional nadph in the glycolytic pathway. specifically, the coenzyme specificity of gapdh of corynebacterium glutami ...	2014	24953302
error propagation analysis for quantitative intracellular metabolomics.	model-based analyses have become an integral part of modern metabolic engineering and systems biology in order to gain knowledge about complex and not directly observable cellular processes. for quantitative analyses, not only experimental data, but also measurement errors, play a crucial role. the total measurement error of any analytical protocol is the result of an accumulation of single errors introduced by several processing steps. here, we present a framework for the quantification of intr ...	2012	24957773
rapid assessment of oxygen transfer impact for corynebacterium glutamicum.	oxygen supply is crucial in industrial application of microbial systems, such as corynebacterium glutamicum, but oxygen transfer is often neglected in early strain characterizations, typically done under aerobic conditions. in this work, a new procedure for oxygen transfer screening is presented, assessing the impact of maximum oxygen transfer conditions (otrmax) within microtiter plate-based cultivation for enhanced throughput. oxygen-dependent growth and productivity were characterized for c. ...	2014	24981020
genome-wide analysis of the role of global transcriptional regulator gntr1 in corynebacterium glutamicum.	the transcriptional regulator gntr1 downregulates the genes for gluconate catabolism and pentose phosphate pathway in corynebacterium glutamicum. gluconate lowers the dna binding affinity of gntr1, which is probably the mechanism of gluconate-dependent induction of these genes. in addition, gntr1 positively regulates ptsg, a gene encoding a major glucose transporter, and pck, a gene encoding phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. here, we searched for the new target of gntr1 on a genome-wide scale b ...	2014	24982307
enhanced acetic acid and succinic acid production under microaerobic conditions by corynebacterium glutamicum harboring escherichia coli transhydrogenase gene pntab.	some microorganisms, such as escherichia coli, harbor transhydrogenases that catalyze the interconversion between nadph and nadh. however, such transhydrogenase genes have not been found in the genome of a glutamic acid-producing bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum. in this study, the e. coli transhydrogenase genes udha and pntab were introduced into the c. glutamicum wild-type strain atcc 13032, and the metabolic characteristics of the recombinant strains under aerobic and microaerobic conditi ...	2014	25008167
novel and tightly regulated resorcinol and cumate-inducible expression systems for streptomyces and other actinobacteria.	inducible expression is a versatile genetic tool for controlling gene transcription, determining gene functions and other uses. herein, we describe our attempts to create several inducible systems based on a cumate or a resorcinol switch, a hammerhead ribozyme, the laci repressor, and isopropyl β-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg). we successfully developed a new cumate (p-isopropylbenzoic acid)-inducible gene switch in actinobacteria that is based on the cymr regulator, the operator sequence (cmt) ...	2014	25012786
metabolic engineering of escherichia coli for the production of riboflavin.	riboflavin (vitamin b2), the precursor of the flavin cofactors flavin mononucleotide (fmn) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (fad), is used commercially as an animal feed supplement and food colorant. e. coli is a robust host for various genetic manipulations and has been employed for efficient production of biofuels, polymers, amino acids, and bulk chemicals. thus, the aim of this study was to understand the metabolic capacity of e. coli for the riboflavin production by modification of central me ...	2014	25027702
lactate production as representative of the fermentation potential of corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 in a one-step process.	the fermentative properties of thermo-sensitive strain corynebacterium glutamicum 2262 were investigated in processes coupling aerobic cell growth and the anaerobic fermentation phase. in particular, the influence of two modes of fermentation on the production of lactate, the fermentation product model, was studied. in both processes, lactate was produced in significant amount, 27 g/l in batch culture, and up to 55.8 g/l in fed-batch culture, but the specific production rate in the fed-batch cul ...	2014	25036691
succinate production from co₂-grown microalgal biomass as carbon source using engineered corynebacterium glutamicum through consolidated bioprocessing.	the potential for production of chemicals from microalgal biomass has been considered as an alternative route for co₂ mitigation and establishment of biorefineries. this study presents the development of consolidated bioprocessing for succinate production from microalgal biomass using engineered corynebacterium glutamicum. starch-degrading and succinate-producing c. glutamicum strains produced succinate (0.16 g succinate/g total carbon source) from a mixture of starch and glucose as a model micr ...	2014	25056811
biosynthesis of rare ketoses through constructing a recombination pathway in an engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.	rare sugars have various known biological functions and potential for applications in pharmaceutical, cosmetics, and food industries. here we designed and constructed a recombination pathway in corynebacterium glutamicum, in which dihydroxyacetone phosphate (dhap), an intermediate of the glycolytic pathway, and a variety of aldehydes were condensed to synthesize rare ketoses sequentially by rhamnulose-1-phosphate aldolase (rhad) and fructose-1-phosphatase (yqab) obtained from escherichia coli. a ...	2015	25060350
oligonucleotide recombination in corynebacteria without the expression of exogenous recombinases.	brevibacterium lactofermentum and corynebacterium glutamicum are important biotechnology species of the genus corynebacterium. the single-strand dna annealing protein (ssap)-independent oligonucleotide-mediated recombination procedure was successfully applied to the commonly used wild-type strains b. lactofermentum aj1511 and c. glutamicum atcc13032. when the rpsl gene was used as a target, the optimized protocol yielded up to (1.4±0.3)×10(3) and (6.7±1.3)×10(3) streptomycin-resistant colonies p ...	2014	25087479
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for l-arginine production.	l-arginine is an important amino acid for diverse industrial and health product applications. here we report the development of metabolically engineered corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 21831 for the production of l-arginine. random mutagenesis is first performed to increase the tolerance of c. glutamicum to l-arginine analogues, followed by systems metabolic engineering for further strain improvement, involving removal of regulatory repressors of arginine operon, optimization of nadph level, dis ...	2014	25091334
transcriptional response of corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 to hydrogen peroxide stress and characterization of the oxyr regulon.	the aerobic soil bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 has a remarkable natural resistance to hydrogen peroxide. a major player in hydrogen peroxide defense is the lysr type transcriptional regulator oxyr, homologs of which are present in a wide range of bacteria. in this study, the global transcriptional response of c. glutamicum to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide was examined using whole genome dna microarrays, demonstrating the dynamic reaction of the regulatory networ ...	2014	25107507
construction of a novel expression system for use in corynebacterium glutamicum.	corynebacterium glutamicum is an important microorganism for production of amino acids in industrial fermentation. suitable vectors are needed for metabolic engineering in c. glutamicum. most available vectors used in c. glutamicum carry antibiotic resistant genes as a genetic labeling for rapid identification of recombinant strains, and antibiotics have to be added to maintain the vector when growing the cells. these vectors, though excellent for laboratory use, are not preferable choices for i ...	2014	25108235
detoxification of furfural in corynebacterium glutamicum under aerobic and anaerobic conditions.	the toxic fermentation inhibitors in lignocellulosic hydrolysates raise serious problems for the microbial production of fuels and chemicals. furfural is considered to be one of the most toxic compounds among these inhibitors. here, we describe the detoxification of furfural in corynebacterium glutamicum atcc13032 under both aerobic and anaerobic conditions. under aerobic culture conditions, furfuryl alcohol and 2-furoic acid were produced as detoxification products of furfural. the ratio of the ...	2014	25112225
elucidation of a protein-protein interaction network involved in corynebacterium glutamicum cell wall biosynthesis as determined by bacterial two-hybrid analysis.	mycobacterium species have a highly complex and unique cell wall that consists of a large macromolecular structure termed the mycolyl-arabinogalactan-peptidoglycan (magp) complex. this complex is essential for growth, survival and virulence of the human pathogen mycobacterium tuberculosis, and is the target of several anti-tubercular drugs. the closely related species corynebacterium glutamicum has proven useful in the study of orthologous m. tuberculosis genes and proteins involved in magp synt ...	2014	25117516
co₂ /hco₃⁻ perturbations of simulated large scale gradients in a scale-down device cause fast transcriptional responses in corynebacterium glutamicum.	the exploration of scale-down models to imitate the influence of large scale bioreactor inhomogeneities on cellular metabolism is a topic with increasing relevance. while gradients of substrates, ph, or dissolved oxygen are often investigated, oscillating co2/hco3 (-) levels, a typical scenario in large industrial bioreactors, is rarely addressed. hereby, we investigate the metabolic and transcriptional response in corynebacterium glutamicum wild type as well as the impact on l-lysine production ...	2014	25139448
chassis organism from corynebacterium glutamicum--a top-down approach to identify and delete irrelevant gene clusters.	for synthetic biology applications, a robust structural basis is required, which can be constructed either from scratch or in a top-down approach starting from any existing organism. in this study, we initiated the top-down construction of a chassis organism from corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032, aiming for the relevant gene set to maintain its fast growth on defined medium. we evaluated each native gene for its essentiality considering expression levels, phylogenetic conservation, and knoc ...	2015	25139579
characterization of a corynebacterium glutamicum dnab mutant that shows temperature-sensitive growth and mini-cell formation.	corynebacterium glutamicum is known to perform a unique form of cell division called post-fission snapping division. in order to investigate the mechanism of cell division of this bacterium, we isolated temperature-sensitive mutants from c. glutamicum wild-type strain atcc 31831, and found that one of them, m45, produced high frequencies of mini-cells with no nucleoids. cell pairs composed of an elongated cell, with one nucleoid, connected to a mini-cell, with no nucleoids, were occasionally obs ...	2014	25141796
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of l-ornithine.	l-ornithine is a non-essential amino acid for various industrial applications in food industry. in this study, corynebacterium glutamicum atcc 13032 was metabolically engineered for the production of l-ornithine. first, the prob and argf genes were deleted to block the competitive branch pathway and to block the conversion of l-ornithine to citrulline, respectively. in addition, the argr gene encoding the regulatory repressor of the l-arginine operon was also deleted. the resulting strain produc ...	2015	25163446
efficient hydroxyproline production from glucose in minimal media by corynebacterium glutamicum.	the efficient coupling of biotransformation steps to an existing fermentation pathway is an interesting strategy to expand the product portfolio of corynebacterium glutamicum as whole-cell biocatalyst. this is especially challenging if the biotransformation step comprises a direct link to central metabolism, as in the case of α-ketoglutarate-dependent oxygenase catalysis. aiming at trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline (hyp) production from glucose in a minimal medium, the proline-4-hydroxylase gene from da ...	2015	25163732
idsa is the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase involved in carotenogenesis in corynebacterium glutamicum.	corynebacterium glutamicum, a yellow-pigmented soil bacterium that synthesizes the rare cyclic c50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glucosides, has been engineered for the production of various carotenoids. crte was assumed to be the major geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (ggpp) synthase in carotenogenesis; however, deletion of crte did not abrogate carotenoid synthesis. in silico analysis of the repertoire of prenyltransferases encoded by the c. glutamicum genome revealed two candidate ggpps gen ...	2014	25181035
optimization of the ipp precursor supply for the production of lycopene, decaprenoxanthin and astaxanthin by corynebacterium glutamicum.	the biotechnologically relevant bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum, currently used for the million ton-scale production of amino acids for the food and feed industries, is pigmented due to synthesis of the rare cyclic c50 carotenoid decaprenoxanthin and its glucosides. the precursors of carotenoid biosynthesis, isopenthenyl pyrophosphate (ipp) and its isomer dimethylallyl pyrophosphate, are synthesized in this organism via the methylerythritol phosphate (mep) or non-mevalonate pathway. termina ...	2014	25191655
metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum strain atcc13032 to produce l-methionine.	l-methionine-producing strain qw102/pjyw-4-hom(m) -lysc(m) -brnfe was developed from corynebacterium glutamicum strain atcc13032, using metabolic engineering strategies. these strategies involved (i) deletion of the gene thrb encoding homoserine kinase to increase the precursor supply, (ii) deletion of the gene mcbr encoding the regulator mcbr to release the transcriptional repression to various genes in the l-methionine biosynthetic pathway, (iii) overexpression of the gene lysc(m) encoding fee ...	2015	25196586
engineered coryneform bacteria as a bio-tool for arsenic remediation.	despite current remediation efforts, arsenic contamination in water sources is still a major health problem, highlighting the need for new approaches. in this work, strains of the nonpathogenic and highly arsenic-resistant bacterium corynebacterium glutamicum were used as inexpensive tools to accumulate inorganic arsenic, either as arsenate (as(v)) or arsenite (as(iii)) species. the assays made use of "resting cells" from these strains, which were assessed under well-established conditions and c ...	2014	25208910
production of l-glutamic acid with corynebacterium glutamicum (ncim 2168) and pseudomonas reptilivora (ncim 2598): a study on immobilization and reusability.	l-glutamic acid is one of the major amino acids that is present in a wide variety of foods. it is mainly used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in the form of sodium salt. corynebacterium glutamicum (c. glutamicum) is one of the major organisms widely used for glutamic acid production.	2014	25215180
bi-functional cellulases complexes displayed on the cell surface of corynebacterium glutamicum increase hydrolysis of lignocelluloses at elevated temperature.	introducing cellulases into corynebacterium glutamicum leads to the direct degradation of lignocellulosic materials for energy sources. in this study, a cellulase complex containing two cellulolytic enzymes, endoglucanase e (cele) and β-glucosidase a (bgla), was established to completely degrade cellulose to glucose. the cellulases complexes were displayed on the cell surface of c. glutamicum by using the mechanosensitive channel (msc) to anchor enzymes in the cytoplasmic membrane. as confirmed ...	2014	25248702
metabolic engineering of itaconate production in escherichia coli.	interest in sustainable development has led to efforts to replace petrochemical-based monomers with biomass-based ones. itaconic acid, a c5-dicarboxylic acid, is a potential monomer for the chemical industry with many prospective applications. cis-aconitate decarboxylase (cada) is the key enzyme of itaconate production, converting the citric acid cycle intermediate cis-aconitate into itaconate. heterologous expression of cada from aspergillus terreus in escherichia coli resulted in low cada acti ...	2015	25277412
chassis organism from corynebacterium glutamicum: the way towards biotechnological domestication of corynebacteria.		2015	25293499
the contest for precursors: channelling l-isoleucine synthesis in corynebacterium glutamicum without byproduct formation.	l-isoleucine is an essential amino acid, which is required as a pharma product and feed additive. its synthesis shares initial steps with that of l-lysine and l-threonine, and four enzymes of l-isoleucine synthesis have an enlarged substrate specificity involved also in l-valine and l-leucine synthesis. as a consequence, constructing a strain specifically overproducing l-isoleucine without byproduct formation is a challenge. here, we analyze for consequences of plasmid-encoded genes in corynebac ...	2015	25301583
engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for minimized carbon loss during utilization of d-xylose containing substrates.	biomass-derived d-xylose represents an economically interesting substrate for the sustainable microbial production of value-added compounds. the industrially important platform organism corynebacterium glutamicum has already been engineered to grow on this pentose as sole carbon and energy source. however, all currently described c. glutamicum strains utilize d-xylose via the commonly known isomerase pathway that leads to a significant carbon loss in the form of co2, in particular, when aiming f ...	2014	25304460
increasing available nadh supply during succinic acid production by corynebacterium glutamicum.	a critical factor in the biotechnological production of succinic acid with corynebacterium glutamicum is the sufficient supply of nadh. it is conceivable that cofactor availability and the proportion of cofactor in the active form may play an important role in dictating the succinic acid yield. pntab genes from escherichia coli can directly catalyze the reversible hydride transfer and adjust the dynamic balance between nadp(h) and nad(h). hence, we studied the physiological effect of coenzyme sy ...	2015	25311136
monitoring the enzyme expression in a respiratory chain of corynebacterium glutamicum in a copper ion-supplemented culture medium.	corynebacterium glutamicum has a branched respiratory chain: one of the branches is cytochrome bcc complex and cytochrome aa3-type cytochrome c oxidase, and the other is cytochrome bd-type menaquinol oxidase. the factors that influence the expression patterns of these respiratory enzymes remain unclear. to investigate the expressional control mechanism of the enzymes, we have previously constructed a promoter assay system utilizing enhanced green fluorescence protein. here, we monitored respirat ...	2015	25338939
generation of minicells from an endotoxin-free gram-positive strain corynebacterium glutamicum.	drug delivery systems (ddss) incorporating bacterial minicells have been evaluated as a very powerful tool in view of biocompatibility. however, limited studies have been carried out on these systems, mainly using minicells from salmonella sp. and escherichia coli. thus, we generated a new minicell-producing strain from an endotoxin-free corynebacterium glutamicum by the inactivation of genes related to cell division. the two knockout strains, δpara and δncgl1366, showed distinct abilities to pr ...	2015	25341464
promiscuous activity of (s,s)-butanediol dehydrogenase is responsible for glycerol production from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone in corynebacterium glutamicum under oxygen-deprived conditions.	corynebacterium glutamicum can consume glucose to excrete glycerol under oxygen deprivation. although glycerol synthesis from 1,3-dihydroxyacetone (dha) has been speculated, no direct evidence has yet been provided in c. glutamicum. enzymatic and genetic investigations here indicate that the glycerol is largely produced from dha and, unexpectedly, the reaction is catalyzed by (s,s)-butanediol dehydrogenase (buta) that inherently catalyzes the interconversion between s-acetoin and (s,s)-2,3-butan ...	2015	25363556
development of a markerless gene replacement system in corynebacterium glutamicum using upp as a counter-selection marker.	corynebacterium glutamicum is well-established for industrial and biotechnological applications. however, its genetic manipulation has generally lagged behind traditional genetic models. in this study, a counter-selectable marker gene upp was firstly confirmed to be more efficient than traditional sacb. furthermore, a markerless gene replacement system was developed by combining upp with double-strand break repair caused by the exogenous endonuclease i-scei. finally, genetic modification using a ...	2015	25376333
discovery of a bacterial 5-methylcytosine deaminase.	5-methylcytosine is found in all domains of life, but the bacterial cytosine deaminase from escherichia coli (coda) will not accept 5-methylcytosine as a substrate. since significant amounts of 5-methylcytosine are produced in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, this compound must eventually be catabolized and the fragments recycled by enzymes that have yet to be identified. we therefore initiated a comprehensive phylogenetic screen for enzymes that may be capable of deaminating 5-methylcytosine to ...	2014	25384249
expanding the regulatory network governed by the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σh in corynebacterium glutamicum.	the extracytoplasmic function sigma factor σ(h) is responsible for the heat and oxidative stress response in corynebacterium glutamicum. due to the hierarchical nature of the regulatory network, previous transcriptome analyses have not been able to discriminate between direct and indirect targets of σ(h). here, we determined the direct genome-wide targets of σ(h) using chromatin immunoprecipitation with microarray technology (chip-chip) for analysis of a deletion mutant of rsha, encoding an anti ...	2015	25404703
identification and expression analysis of a gene encoding a shikimate transporter of corynebacterium glutamicum.	shikimate can be utilized as the sole source of carbon and energy of corynebacterium glutamicum. although biosynthesis and degradation of shikimate are well characterized in c. glutamicum, the transport of shikimate has hardly been studied. a mutant strain deficient in cgr_2523 loses the ability to grow on shikimate as well as to consume extracellular shikimate, indicating that the gene is involved in shikimate utilization (designated shia). the hydropathy profile of the deduced amino acid seque ...	2015	25406451
effects of eliminating pyruvate node pathways and of coexpression of heterogeneous carboxylation enzymes on succinate production by enterobacter aerogenes.	lowering the ph in bacterium-based succinate fermentation is considered a feasible approach to reduce total production costs. newly isolated enterobacter aerogenes strain aj110637, a rapid carbon source assimilator under weakly acidic (ph 5.0) conditions, was selected as a platform for succinate production. our previous work showed that the δadhe/pck strain, developed from aj110637 with inactivated ethanol dehydrogenase and introduced actinobacillus succinogenes phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase ...	2015	25416770
metabolic engineering for improved production of ethanol by corynebacterium glutamicum.	recombinant corynebacterium glutamicum harboring genes for pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc) and alcohol dehydrogenase (adhb) can produce ethanol under oxygen deprivation. we investigated the effects of elevating the expression levels of glycolytic genes, as well as pdc and adhb, on ethanol production. overexpression of four glycolytic genes (pgi, pfka, gapa, and pyk) in c. glutamicum significantly increased the rate of ethanol production. overexpression of tpi, encoding triosephosphate isomerase, fu ...	2015	25421564
recent advances in the metabolic engineering of corynebacterium glutamicum for the production of lactate and succinate from renewable resources.	recent increasing attention to environmental issues and the shortage of oil resources have spurred political and industrial interest in the development of environmental friendly and cost-effective processes for the production of bio-based chemicals from renewable resources. thus, microbial production of commercially important chemicals is viewed as a desirable way to replace current petrochemical production. corynebacterium glutamicum, a gram-positive soil bacterium, is one of the most important ...	2015	25424693
acetylation of trehalose mycolates is required for efficient mmpl-mediated membrane transport in corynebacterineae.	pathogenic species of mycobacteria and corynebacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, synthesize complex cell walls that are rich in very long-chain mycolic acids. these fatty acids are synthesized on the inner leaflet of the cell membrane and are subsequently transported to the periplasmic space as trehalose monomycolates (tmm), where they are conjugated to other cell wall components and to tmm to form trehalose dimycolates (tdm). mycobacterial tmm, and th ...	2015	25427102
peptidoglycan from fermentation by-product triggers defense responses in grapevine.	plants are constantly under attack from a variety of microorganisms, and rely on a series of complex detection and response systems to protect themselves from infection. here, we found that a by-product of glutamate fermentation triggered defense responses in grapevine, increasing the expression of defense response genes in cultured cells, foliar chitinase activity, and resistance to infection by downy mildew in leaf explants. to identify the molecule that triggered this innate immunity, we frac ...	2014	25427192
dna cleavage by cgii and ngoavii requires interaction between n- and r-proteins and extensive nucleotide hydrolysis.	the stress-sensitive restriction-modification (rm) system cgli from corynebacterium glutamicum and the homologous ngoavii rm system from neisseria gonorrhoeae fa1090 are composed of three genes: a dna methyltransferase (m.cgli and m.ngoavii), a putative restriction endonuclease (r.cgli and r.ngoavii, or r-proteins) and a predicted dead-family helicase/atpase (n.cgli and n.ngoavii or n-proteins). here we report a biochemical characterization of the r- and n-proteins. size-exclusion chromatography ...	2014	25429977
l-serine overproduction with minimization of by-product synthesis by engineered corynebacterium glutamicum.	the direct fermentative production of l-serine by corynebacterium glutamicum from sugars is attractive. however, superfluous by-product accumulation and low l-serine productivity limit its industrial production on large scale. this study aimed to investigate metabolic and bioprocess engineering strategies towards eliminating by-products as well as increasing l-serine productivity. deletion of alat and avta encoding the transaminases and introduction of an attenuated mutant of acetohydroxyacid sy ...	2015	25434811
extreme furfural tolerance of a soil bacterium enterobacter cloacae ggt036.	detoxification process of cellular inhibitors including furfural is essential for production of bio-based chemicals from lignocellulosic biomass. here we isolated an extreme furfural-tolerant bacterium enterobacter cloacae ggt036 from soil sample collected in mt. gwanak, republic of korea. among isolated bacteria, only e. cloacae ggt036 showed cell growth with 35 mm furfural under aerobic culture. compared to the maximal half inhibitory concentration (ic50) of well-known industrial strains esche ...	2015	25444876
complete genome sequence of enterobacter cloacae ggt036: a furfural tolerant soil bacterium.	enterobacter cloacae is a facultative anaerobic bacterium to be an important cause of nosocomial infection. however, the isolated e. cloacae ggt036 showed higher furfural-tolerant cellular growth, compared to industrial relevant strains such as escherichia coli and corynebacterium glutamicum. here, we report the complete genome sequence of e. cloacae ggt036 isolated from mt. gwanak, seoul, republic of korea. the genomic dna sequence of e. cloacae ggt036 will provide valuable genetic resources fo ...	2015	25444880