Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| the assessment of biological activities associated with the major constituents of the methanol extract of 'wild carrot' (daucus carota l) seeds. | daucus carota l. (family: apiaceae alt. umbelliferae), commonly known as 'wild carrot' or 'queen anne's-lace,' is an ecologically invasive erect biennial naturalized to scotland. the ethnobotanical uses of this species include applications in the treatment of cough, diarrhea, dysentery, cancer, malaria and tumors, and as an antiseptic, abortifacient, aphrodisiac, carminative, stimulant, stomachic and tonic. the major constituents isolated from the methanol extract of d. carota seeds by reversed- ... | 2005 | 16093236 |
| detection and identification of bacterial dna in serum from patients with acute pancreatitis. | bacterial infections are common complications in patients with acute pancreatitis, and translocation of bacteria from the intestinal lumen is probably the first step in the pathogenesis of these infections. as blood cultures in afebrile patients are usually negative, more sensitive methods to investigate this hypothesis in patients are needed. our group has recently developed a method to detect the presence of bacterial dna in biological fluids, and we aimed to detect bacterial dna in patients w ... | 2005 | 16099797 |
| evaluating antibiograms to monitor drug resistance. | we used hospital antibiograms to assess predominant pathogens and their patterns of in vitro antimicrobial resistance in central illinois, usa. we found a lack of information about national guidelines for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing and differences in interpretation among laboratories in the region. | 2005 | 16102325 |
| multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa strain that caused an outbreak in a neurosurgery ward and its aac(6')-iae gene cassette encoding a novel aminoglycoside acetyltransferase. | we characterized multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from patients involved in an outbreak of catheter-associated urinary tract infections that occurred in a neurosurgery ward of a hospital in sendai, japan. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of spei-, xbai-, or hpai-digested genomic dnas from the isolates revealed that clonal expansion of a p. aeruginosa strain designated imcj2.s1 had occurred in the ward. this strain possessed broad-spectrum resistance to aminoglycosides, ... | 2005 | 16127047 |
| effect of medium age and supplementation with the biocatalytic oxygen-reducing reagent oxyrase on in vitro activities of tigecycline against recent clinical isolates. | in determining the quality control limits for the clinical laboratory standards institute-recommended quality control organisms with tigecycline, a number of inconsistencies in the results were encountered that appeared to be related to the age of the mueller-hinton broth ii. this study was performed to examine the effect of medium age and supplementation with oxyrase on the activity of tigecycline using a large number of clinical isolates. | 2005 | 16127070 |
| performances of vitek 2 colorimetric cards for identification of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the new vitek 2 identification cards that use colorimetric reading to identify gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria (gp and gn cards, respectively) in comparison to fluorimetric cards (id-gpc and id-gnb, respectively). a total of 580 clinical isolates and stock collection strains belonging to 116 taxa were included in the study. of the 249 gram-positive strains tested with both the id-gpc and gp cards, 218 (87.5%) and 235 (94.4%) strains were correct ... | 2005 | 16145083 |
| detection of vi-negative salmonella enterica serovar typhi in the peripheral blood of patients with typhoid fever in the faisalabad region of pakistan. | the synthesis and transportation proteins of the vi capsular polysaccharide of salmonella enterica serovar typhi (serovar typhi) are encoded by the viab operon, which resides on a 134-kb pathogenicity island known as spi-7. in recent years, vi-negative strains of serovar typhi have been reported in regions where typhoid fever is endemic. however, because vi negativity can arise during in vitro passage, the clinical significance of vi-negative serovar typhi is not clear. to investigate the loss o ... | 2005 | 16145086 |
| widespread transfer of resistance genes between bacterial species in an intensive care unit: implications for hospital epidemiology. | a transferable plasmid encoding shv-12 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, tem-116, and aminoglycoside resistance was responsible for two sequential clonal outbreaks of enterobacter cloacae and acinetobacter baumannii bacteria. a similar plasmid was present among isolates of four different bacterial species. recognition of plasmid transfer is crucial for control of outbreaks of multidrug-resistant nosocomial pathogens. | 2005 | 16145160 |
| wide dissemination of a carbapenemase plasmid among gram-negative bacteria: implications of the variable phenotype. | 2005 | 16145178 | |
| isolation of a hop-sensitive variant of lactobacillus lindneri and identification of genetic markers for beer spoilage ability of lactic acid bacteria. | we have isolated a hop-sensitive variant of the beer spoilage bacterium lactobacillus lindneri dsm 20692. the variant lost a plasmid carrying two contiguous open reading frames (orf s) designated horb(l) and horc(l) that encode a putative regulator and multidrug transporter presumably belonging to the resistance-nodulation-cell division superfamily. the loss of hop resistance ability occurred with the loss of resistance to other drugs, including ethidium bromide, novobiocin, and cetyltrimethylam ... | 2005 | 16151091 |
| new gammaproteobacteria associated with blood-feeding leeches and a broad phylogenetic analysis of leech endosymbionts. | many monophagous animals have coevolutionary relationships with bacteria that provide unavailable nutrients to the host. frequently, these microbial partners are vertically inherited and reside in specialized structures or tissues. here we report three new lineages of bacterial symbionts of blood-feeding leeches, one from the giant amazonian leech, haementeria ghilianii, and two others from placobdelloides species. these hosts each possess a different mycetome or esophageal organ morphology wher ... | 2005 | 16151107 |
| the pcoo plasmid of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli is a mosaic cointegrate. | cs1 is the prototype of a class of pili of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) associated with diarrheal disease in humans. the genes encoding this pilus are carried on a large plasmid, pcoo. we report the sequence of the complete 98,396-bp plasmid. like many other virulence plasmids, pcoo is a mosaic consisting of regions derived from multiple sources. complete and fragmented insertion sequences (is) make up 24% of the total dna and are scattered throughout the plasmid. the pcoo dna between ... | 2005 | 16159784 |
| magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates for the separation of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef. | the immunomagnetic separation with magnetic nanoparticle-antibody conjugates (mncs) was investigated and evaluated for the detection of escherichia coli o157:h7 in ground beef samples. mncs were prepared by immobilizing biotin-labeled polyclonal goat anti-e. coli antibodies onto streptavidin-coated magnetic nanoparticles. for bacterial separation, mncs were mixed with inoculated ground beef samples, then nanoparticle-antibody-e. coli o157:h7 complexes were separated from food matrix with a magne ... | 2005 | 16161677 |
| detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii by 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction. | a new 5'-nuclease polymerase chain reaction (pcr) system for the detection and quantification of citrobacter freundii and c. braakii was developed with primers and the probe oriented to a specific region of the cfa gene encoding a cyclopropane fatty acid synthase. the qualitative variant of the method consisted of a conventional pcr with end-point fluorimetry or agarose gel electrophoresis, and the quantitative variant used kinetic real-time pcr measurement. the pcr system was specific for c. fr ... | 2005 | 16163457 |
| ceftiofur-resistant salmonella strains isolated from dairy farms represent multiple widely distributed subtypes that evolved by independent horizontal gene transfer. | salmonella is the leading cause of known food-borne bacterial infections in the united states, with an incidence rate of approximately 15 cases per 100,000 people. the rise of antimicrobial-resistant salmonella subtypes, including the appearance of subtypes resistant to ceftriaxone, represents a particular concern. ceftriaxone is used to treat invasive cases of salmonella in children and is closely related to ceftiofur, an antibiotic commonly used to treat diseases of cattle. in order to develop ... | 2005 | 16189081 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of sm-216601, a new broad-spectrum parenteral carbapenem. | sm-216601 is a novel parenteral 1beta-methylcarbapenem. in agar dilution susceptibility testing, the mic of sm-216601 for 90% of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) strains tested (mic(90)) was 2 microg/ml, which was comparable to those of vancomycin and linezolid. sm-216601 was also very potent against enterococcus faecium, including vancomycin-resistant strains (mic(90) = 8 microg/ml). sm-216601 exhibited potent activity against penicillin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae, ... | 2005 | 16189097 |
| kinetic properties of four plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamases. | the heterologous production in escherichia coli, the purification, and the kinetic characterization of four plasmid-encoded class c beta-lactamases (act-1, mir-1, cmy-2, and cmy-1) were performed. except for their instability, these enzymes are very similar to the known chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamases. their kinetic parameters did not show major differences from those obtained for the corresponding chromosomal enzymes. however, the k(m) values of cmy-2 for cefuroxime, cefotaxime, and ... | 2005 | 16189104 |
| identification of glycosaminoglycans in human airway secretions. | glycosaminoglycans (gags), known to be present in airway mucus, are macromolecules with a variety of structural and biological functions. in the present work, we used fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (face) to identify and relatively quantify gags in human tracheal aspirates (hta) obtained from healthy volunteers. primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (nhbe) and submucosal gland (smg) cells were used to assess their differential contribution to gags in mucus. dis ... | 2006 | 16195536 |
| identification of glycosaminoglycans in human airway secretions. | glycosaminoglycans (gags), known to be present in airway mucus, are macromolecules with a variety of structural and biological functions. in the present work, we used fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (face) to identify and relatively quantify gags in human tracheal aspirates (hta) obtained from healthy volunteers. primary cultures of normal human bronchial epithelial (nhbe) and submucosal gland (smg) cells were used to assess their differential contribution to gags in mucus. dis ... | 2006 | 16195536 |
| the lrp gene and its role in type i fimbriation in citrobacter rodentium. | citrobacter rodentium is a murine pathogen that is now widely used as an in vivo model for gastrointestinal infections due to its similarities with human enteropathogens, such as the possession of a locus for enterocyte effacement (the lee island). we studied the lrp gene of c. rodentium and found that it encodes a product highly similar to members of the lrp (leucine-responsive regulatory protein) family of transcriptional regulators, able to recognize leucine as an effector and to repress the ... | 2005 | 16199571 |
| ciprofloxacin, salicylate, and 2,4-dinitrophenol decrease production of ampc-type beta-lactamase in two citrobacter freundii clinical isolates. | the effect of ciprofloxacin and two mar rab inducers on the susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics in two ampc beta-lactamase semi-constitutive producer citrobacter freundii clinical isolates (the dm 1 and dm 2 strains) was studied. possible changes in outer membrane protein expression, permeability to cephaloridine, active efflux, and hydrolytic activity of beta-lactamase-crude extracts were evaluated under the influence of ciprofloxacin, sodium salicylate, and 2,4-dinitrophenol. results wer ... | 2005 | 16201924 |
| use of shell-vial cell culture assay for isolation of bacteria from clinical specimens: 13 years of experience. | the shell-vial culture assay is performed routinely in our laboratory. recently we revisited our experience of using the shell-vial culture assay for the isolation of microorganisms from various clinical samples. over a 13-year period, we have isolated 580 bacterial strains (5%) from 11,083 clinical samples tested. over the same period, 285 isolates of rickettsiae, bartonellae, or coxiella burnetii were cultured from a total of 7,102 samples tested. these isolates include 55 rickettsia sp. isola ... | 2005 | 16207953 |
| characterization of isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in japan. | strains of the multidrug-resistant (mdr) salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolated in japan were examined for high-level fluoroquinolone resistance. since the first isolation in 2000 (described in reference 13), we have identified 12 human and 5 nonhuman isolates with high-level fluoroquinolone-resistance (ciprofloxacin mic of 24 microg/ml or more). most of these isolates shared some features including definitive phage type (dt 12/193), resistance type (acssutncp; resistant to ampicillin, ... | 2005 | 16207965 |
| evaluation of a rapid direct assay for identification of bacteria and the mec a and van genes from positive-testing blood cultures. | we performed the first evaluation of a dna strip assay (genotype blood culture; hain lifescience, nehren, germany) for the detection of the most relevant bacterial sepsis pathogens directly from positive bactec blood culture bottles (becton dickinson, heidelberg, germany). the test comprises two panels, one for the direct species identification of important gram-positive cocci and the other for gram-negative rods. additionally, detection of the mec a and the van genes are implemented. the genoty ... | 2005 | 16207992 |
| extended spectrum beta-lactamases among gram-negative bacteria of nosocomial origin from an intensive care unit of a tertiary health facility in tanzania. | resistance to third generation cephalosporins due to acquisition and expression of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) enzymes among gram-negative bacteria is on the increase. presence of esbl producing organisms has been reported to significantly affect the course and outcome of an infection. therefore infections due to esbl isolates continue to pose a challenge to infection management worldwide. the aim of this study was to determine the existence and to describe phenotypic and genotypic c ... | 2005 | 16225701 |
| surveillance of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases from clinical samples and faecal carriers in barcelona, spain. | the aim of the present study was to characterize and compare the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing organisms isolated from clinical samples and faecal carriers in 2001 and 2002. | 2005 | 16244084 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa ampr is a global transcriptional factor that regulates expression of ampc and poxb beta-lactamases, proteases, quorum sensing, and other virulence factors. | in members of the family enterobacteriaceae, ampc, which encodes a beta-lactamase, is regulated by an upstream, divergently transcribed gene, ampr. however, in pseudomonas aeruginosa, the regulation of ampc is not understood. in this study, we compared the characteristics of a p. aeruginosa ampr mutant, paoampr, with that of an isogenic ampr+ parent. the ampr mutation greatly altered ampc production. in the absence of antibiotic, paoampr expressed increased basal beta-lactamase levels. however, ... | 2005 | 16251297 |
| molecular mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance mediated by ampc hyperproduction in pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical strains. | the molecular mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance mediated by ampc hyperproduction in natural strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated in a collection of 10 isogenic, ceftazidime-susceptible and -resistant pairs of isolates, each sequentially recovered from a different intensive care unit patient treated with beta-lactams. all 10 ceftazidime-resistant mutants hyper-produced ampc (beta-lactamase activities were 12- to 657-fold higher than those of the parent strains), but none of them ... | 2005 | 16251318 |
| recombination between the dfra12-orff-aada2 cassette array and an aada1 gene cassette creates a hybrid cassette, aada8b. | homologous recombination between closely related gene cassettes, such as aada1 and aada2, which are 89% identical, can create hybrid cassettes and hybrids of existing cassette arrays. a new cassette array, dfra12-orff-aada8b, which was created by such a recombination event occurring within the aada2 cassette in the dfra12-orff-aada2 array, has been identified. | 2005 | 16251327 |
| high prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant qnra in multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae from blood cultures in liverpool, uk. | to determine the prevalence of the plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnra gene in a selected collection of blood culture isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to both ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime. | 2005 | 16260446 |
| identification of human and rat fad-amp lyase (cyclic fmn forming) as atp-dependent dihydroxyacetone kinases. | rat liver fad-amp lyase or fmn cyclase is the only known enzymatic source of the unusual flavin nucleotide riboflavin 4',5'-cyclic phosphate. to determine its molecular identity, a peptide-mass fingerprint of the purified rat enzyme was obtained. it pointed to highly related, mammalian hypothetical proteins putatively classified as dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinases due to weaker homologies to biochemically proven dha kinases of plants, yeasts, and bacteria. the human protein loc26007 cdna was used ... | 2005 | 16289032 |
| novel cyclic lipodepsipeptide from pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strain 508 and syringopeptin antimicrobial activities. | the syringopeptins are a group of antimicrobial cyclic lipodepsipeptides produced by several plant-associated pseudomonads. a novel syringopeptin, sp508, was shown to be produced as two homologs (a and b) by pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans strain 508 from apple and to structurally resemble syringopeptin sp22. sp508 differed from sp22 and other syringopeptins by having three instead of four alpha,beta-unsaturated amino acids and a longer beta-hydroxy acyl chain. both sp508 and sp22 displayed ... | 2005 | 16304170 |
| vim-12, a novel plasmid-mediated metallo-beta-lactamase from klebsiella pneumoniae that resembles a vim-1/vim-2 hybrid. | a transferable plasmid from klebsiella pneumoniae carried a class 1 integron containing bla(vim-12), a novel bla(vim)-type gene, flanked by two copies of aaca7. bla(vim-12) was clustered between bla(vim-1) and bla(vim-2) and differed from bla(vim-1) by 18 nucleotides that were all located at the 3' end and matched the corresponding nucleotides in bla(vim-2). the bla(vim-12)-associated 59-base element was identical to that described in bla(vim-2) alleles. | 2005 | 16304191 |
| a view of consecutive binding events from structures of tetrameric endonuclease sfii bound to dna. | many reactions in cells proceed via the sequestration of two dna molecules in a synaptic complex. sfii is a member of a growing family of restriction enzymes that can bind and cleave two dna sites simultaneously. we present here the structures of tetrameric sfii in complex with cognate dna. the structures reveal two different binding states of sfii: one with both dna-binding sites fully occupied and the other with fully and partially occupied sites. these two states provide details on how sfii r ... | 2005 | 16308566 |
| f-like type iv secretion systems encode proteins with thioredoxin folds that are putative dsbc homologues. | f and r27 are conjugative plasmids of enteric bacteria belonging to the incf and inchi1 plasmid incompatibility groups, respectively. based on sequence analysis, two genes of the f transfer region, traf and trbb, and three genes of the r27 transfer region, trhf, dsbc, and htdt, are predicted to encode periplasmic proteins containing a c-terminal thioredoxin fold. the c-x-x-c active-site motif of thioredoxins is present in all of these proteins except traf(f). escherichia coli carrying a dsba mut ... | 2005 | 16321931 |
| comparison of the minimum inhibitory, mutant prevention and minimum bactericidal concentrations of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and garenoxacin against enteric gram-negative urinary tract infection pathogens. | acute, uncomplicated urinary tract infections (utis) are among the most commonly encountered bacterial infections and management has been made more complicated in the last decade due to the trend toward increasing antimicrobial resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx). fluoroquinolones are suggested as alternative antimicrobials for the treatment of utis in communities for which tmp/smx resistance is > or = 10%. the mutant-prevention concentration (mpc) is a novel sus ... | 2005 | 16323436 |
| legionella confirmation using real-time pcr and syto9 is an alternative to current methodology. | the currently accepted culture techniques for the detection of legionella spp. in water samples (as/nzs 3896:1998 and iso 11731 standard methods) are slow and laborious, requiring from 7 to 14 days for a result. we describe a fully validated rapid confirmation technique that uses real-time pcr incorporating the intercalating dye syto9 for the direct identification of primary cultures, significantly decreasing turnaround time and allowing faster remedial action to be taken by the industry. | 2005 | 16332896 |
| use of several inducer and substrate antibiotic combinations in a disk approximation assay format to screen for ampc induction in patient isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp., and serratia spp. | two-hundred consecutive, single patient isolates of enterobacter spp., serratia spp., citrobacter spp., and pseudomonas aeruginosa were evaluated for ampc production using a variety of inducer-substrate antibiotic combinations in a disk approximation format. the combinations examined included cefoxitin-piperacillin, imipenem-cefotaxime, imipenem-ceftazidime, imipenem-piperacillin-tazobactam, and imipenem-cefoxitin. all isolates were also screened for the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactam ... | 2005 | 16333080 |
| validation of performance of plastic versus glass bottles for culturing anaerobes from blood in bact/alert sn medium. | to validate performance, we compared the new plastic bact/alert (biomérieux, durham, nc) sn bottle to the current glass sn bottle with samples of blood obtained for culture from adults and found them comparable for both recovery and speed of detection of microorganisms. we conclude that the safety advantage of plastic bottles can be achieved without compromising performance. | 2005 | 16333117 |
| hepatic and renal cytochrome p450 gene regulation during citrobacter rodentium infection in wild-type and toll-like receptor 4 mutant mice. | citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of human enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection. this study investigated regulation of hepatic and renal cytochrome p450 (p450) mrnas, hepatic p450 proteins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins during c. rodentium infection. female c3h/heouj (heou) and c3h/hej (hej) mice [which lack functional toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)] were infected with c. rodentium by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 days later. hepatic cyp4a10 and 4a14 mrnas were decreased in ... | 2006 | 16339354 |
| hepatic and renal cytochrome p450 gene regulation during citrobacter rodentium infection in wild-type and toll-like receptor 4 mutant mice. | citrobacter rodentium is the rodent equivalent of human enteropathogenic escherichia coli infection. this study investigated regulation of hepatic and renal cytochrome p450 (p450) mrnas, hepatic p450 proteins, cytokines, and acute phase proteins during c. rodentium infection. female c3h/heouj (heou) and c3h/hej (hej) mice [which lack functional toll-like receptor 4 (tlr4)] were infected with c. rodentium by oral gavage and sacrificed 6 days later. hepatic cyp4a10 and 4a14 mrnas were decreased in ... | 2006 | 16339354 |
| comparative genomic analyses of the bacterial phosphotransferase system. | we report analyses of 202 fully sequenced genomes for homologues of known protein constituents of the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system (pts). these included 174 bacterial, 19 archaeal, and 9 eukaryotic genomes. homologues of pts proteins were not identified in archaea or eukaryotes, showing that the horizontal transfer of genes encoding pts proteins has not occurred between the three domains of life. of the 174 bacterial genomes (136 bacterial species) analyzed, ... | 2005 | 16339738 |
| acetylene reduction (nitrogen fixation) by enterobacteriaceae isolated from paper mill process waters. | using selective media containing galactitol, over 130 enterobacteriaceae have been isolated from paper mill process waters collected from different localities. these bacteria were extensively characterized and tested for acetylene-reducing (nitrogen-fixing) activity under anaerobic conditions. high activity was found in representatives of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, erwinia herbicola, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter intermedius, and escherichia coli. un ... | 1976 | 16345168 |
| effects of varying concentrations of novobiocin incorporated into two salmonella plating media on the recovery of four enterobacteriaceae. | hydrogen sulfide-producing strains of salmonellae, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis were isolated from fresh pork sausage. all the strains produced black-centered colonies on hektoen enteric agar (he). on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (xld), c. freundii produced yellow colonies, and the strains of the other three genera formed black-centered colonies. the selectivity of he and xld for salmonellae was improved by the addition of novobiocin to both media. with increa ... | 1977 | 16345211 |
| kinetics of manganese oxidation by cell-free extracts of bacteria isolated from manganese concretions from soil. | a study of the kinetics of mn oxidation catalyzed by cell extracts of two bacterial isolates (e(1), pseudomonas iii [new isolate] and e(4), citrobacter freundii) isolated from the core of manganese concretions from greek soils is presented. the reaction velocity of mn oxidation was determined from the rate of consumption of mn. the oxidation of mn was followed by measuring changes in mn concentration by activation analysis and by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. the reaction velocity was dir ... | 1980 | 16345498 |
| r-plasmid transfer to and from escherichia coli strains isolated from human fecal samples. | strains of escherichia coli recently isolated from human feces were examined for the frequency with which they accept an r factor (r1) from a derepressed fi strain of e. coli k-12 and transfer it to fecal and laboratory strains. colicins produced by some of the isolates rapidly killed the other half of the mating pair; therefore, conjugation was conducted by a membrane filtration procedure whereby this effect was minimized. the majority of fecal e. coli isolates accepted the r factor at lower fr ... | 1981 | 16345759 |
| immunofluorescence technique for the detection of salmonellae in various foods. | salmonella species have been detected in nine food varieties by use of fluorescent antibodies without false-positive or false-negative results. test antisera were specially prepared, commercially available, conjugated polyvalent o globulin absorbed with cultures of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii, and polyvalent phase ii h globulin antibodies. use of this technique permits a decrease of 24 hr in time normally required for salmonella detection when compared with cultural salmonella reco ... | 1967 | 16349728 |
| effect of 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine, a novel putative efflux pump inhibitor, on antimicrobial drug susceptibility in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae other than escherichia coli. | 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp) has been shown to reverse multidrug resistance (mdr) in escherichia coli overexpressing rnd type efflux pumps, but there is no data on its activity in enterobacteriaceae other than e. coli. | 2006 | 16354746 |
| emergence of cefotaxime resistance in citrobacter freundii causing necrotizing fasciitis and osteomyelitis. | we present a diabetic patient with necrotizing fasciitis caused by citrobacter freundii associated with an injury from the fish fin. two isolates recovered six days after cefotaxime treatment had a cefotaxime minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of 0.12 and 256 mg/l, respectively, and a cefepime mic of 0.03 and 0.25 mg/l, respectively. the two isolates both possessed bla(cmy-2) gene. the patient responded unsatisfactorily to cefotaxime and cefepime therapy and surgical debridement but recovere ... | 2006 | 16375973 |
| microbial conversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol: physiological comparison of a natural producer, clostridium butyricum vpi 3266, and an engineered strain, clostridium acetobutylicum dg1(pspd5). | clostridium acetobutylicum is not able to grow on glycerol as the sole carbon source since it cannot reoxidize the excess of nadh generated by glycerol catabolism. nevertheless, when the pspd5 plasmid, carrying the nadh-consuming 1,3-propanediol pathway from c. butyricum vpi 3266, was introduced into c. acetobutylicum dg1, growth on glycerol was achieved, and 1,3-propanediol was produced. in order to compare the physiological behavior of the recombinant c. acetobutylicum dg1(pspd5) strain with t ... | 2006 | 16391030 |
| plasmid-mediated high-level gentamicin resistance among enteric bacteria isolated from pet turtles in louisiana. | the sale of small turtles is banned by the food and drug administration from the u.s. market due to concerns about their excretion of salmonella spp. to produce a safe pet for the export market, the louisiana pet turtle industry uses gentamicin sulfate baths (1,000 microg/ml) to eradicate salmonella spp. from turtle eggs. in 1999, we analyzed bacterial samples recovered from turtle farms and found that strains of salmonella enterica subsp. arizonae and other bacteria, such as enterobacter cloaca ... | 2006 | 16391058 |
| emergence of biofilm-forming subpopulations upon exposure of escherichia coli to environmental bacteriophages. | exposure of escherichia coli mg1655 to environmental bacteriophages results in rapid selection for phage-tolerant subpopulations displaying increased biofilm formation. analysis of one phage-tolerant strain revealed large amounts of the dna-binding dps protein in the outer membrane protein and production of fimbria-like structures. in dps and fima mutant derivatives of mg1655, no selection of phage-tolerant bacteria upon exposure to bacteriophages occurred, suggesting a role for dps and type i p ... | 2006 | 16391144 |
| a new experimental approach for studying bacterial genomic island evolution identifies island genes with bacterial host-specific expression patterns. | genomic islands are regions of bacterial genomes that have been acquired by horizontal transfer and often contain blocks of genes that function together for specific processes. recently, it has become clear that the impact of genomic islands on the evolution of different bacterial species is significant and represents a major force in establishing bacterial genomic variation. however, the study of genomic island evolution has been mostly performed at the sequence level using computer software or ... | 2006 | 16396675 |
| molecular dynamics simulations of class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii: insights into the base catalyst for acylation. | herein, we present results from molecular dynamics (md) simulations of the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii and its michaelis complex with aztreonam. four different configurations of the active site were modeled in aqueous solution, and their relative stability was estimated by means of quantum mechanical energy calculations. for the free enzyme, the energetically most stable configurations present a neutral lys67 residue or an anionic tyr150 side chain. our calculations predict ... | 2006 | 16401074 |
| the genus hafnia: from soup to nuts. | the genus hafnia, a member of the family enterobacteriaceae, consists of gram-negative bacteria that are occasionally implicated in both intestinal and extraintestinal infections in humans. despite the fact that the genus currently contains only a single species (h. alvei), more extensive phylogenetic depth (two or more species) is apparent based upon dna relatedness and 16s rrna gene sequencing studies. hafnia causes a variety of systemic infections, including septicemia and pneumonia; however, ... | 2006 | 16418520 |
| [beta-lactamases of gram negative bacteria: never-ending clockwork!]. | the acquired resistance against the wide-spectrum and highly stable beta-lactams including third-generation cephalosporins (3gc) and carbapenems is constinuously increasing and widespead with the discovery of various plasmid-encoded, or genes cassette or integrons coding for a novel beta-lactamase, always a major mechanism of resistance. to explain resistance against 3gc, with the continuing story with tem and shv mutated enzymes, several types of esbl (class a) emerge the ctx-m type, at least c ... | 2006 | 16420989 |
| horizontal transfer of blacmy-bearing plasmids among clinical escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and emergence of cefepime-hydrolyzing cmy-19. | nine escherichia coli and 5 klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates resistant to various cephalosporins and cephamycins were identified in a japanese general hospital between 1995 and 1997. all nine e. coli isolates and one k. pneumoniae isolate carried bla(cmy-9), while the other four k. pneumoniae isolates harbored a variant of bla(cmy-9), namely, bla(cmy-19). the pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns of the nine cmy-9-producing e. coli isolates were almost identical, suggesting their clon ... | 2006 | 16436707 |
| emergence of dha-1-producing klebsiella spp. in the parisian region: genetic organization of the ampc and ampr genes originating from morganella morganii. | eleven klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates and one klebsiella oxytoca clinical isolate showing various pulsed-field gel electrophoresis types and producing an inducible dha-1 class c beta-lactamase were isolated in the parisian region between 1998 and 2003. the aim of this study was to compare the genetic organization of the bla(dha-1) genes in this collection of clinical isolates. in four isolates, the morganella morganii-derived genomic region containing bla(dha-1) was inserted in an entir ... | 2006 | 16436717 |
| cmy-16, a novel acquired ampc-type beta-lactamase of the cmy/lat lineage in multifocal monophyletic isolates of proteus mirabilis from northern italy. | we report multifocal detection (four different cities in northern italy) of proteus mirabilis isolates resistant to both oxyimino- and 7-alpha-methoxy-cephalosporins and producing a novel acquired ampc-like beta-lactamase. the enzyme, named cmy-16, is a variant of the cmy/lat lineage, which differs from the closest homologues, cmy-4 and cmy-12, by a single amino acid substitution (a171s or n363s, respectively) and from cmy-2 by two substitutions (a171s and w221r). expression of the cloned bla(cm ... | 2006 | 16436718 |
| pcr classification of ctx-m-type beta-lactamase genes identified in clinically isolated gram-negative bacilli in japan. | of 1,456 strains isolated from 2001 to 2003 demonstrating resistance to either oxyimino-cephalosporin, 317 strains, isolated in 57 of 132 clinical facilities, were found to harbor bla(ctx-m) genes by pcr. fifty-seven, 161, and 99 strains harbored bla(ctx-m) genes belonging to the bla(ctx-m-1), bla(ctx-m-2), and bla(ctx-m-9) clusters, respectively. | 2006 | 16436748 |
| temporal association of entomopathogenic nematodes (rhabditida: steinernematidae and heterorhabditidae) and bacteria. | galleria mellonella l. larvae were infected with three species (seven strains) of steinernema spp. or three species (three strains) of heterorhabditis spp. infected larvae were incubated at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. larvae were dorsally dissected every 6h over a 48-h period. hemolymph was collected and streaked on tryptic soy agar plates. several non-symbiotic bacterial species were identified from infected insect cadavers: enterobacter gergoviae, vibrio spp., pseudomonas fluorescens type c, ser ... | 2006 | 16448667 |
| use of electrochemical dna biosensors for rapid molecular identification of uropathogens in clinical urine specimens. | we describe the first species-specific detection of bacterial pathogens in human clinical fluid samples using a microfabricated electrochemical sensor array. each of the 16 sensors in the array consisted of three single-layer gold electrodes-working, reference, and auxiliary. each of the working electrodes contained one representative from a library of capture probes, each specific for a clinically relevant bacterial urinary pathogen. the library included probes for escherichia coli, proteus mir ... | 2006 | 16455913 |
| prevalences of zoonotic bacteria among seabirds in rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast of california and washington, usa. | many seabirds are rehabilitated annually by wildlife rehabilitation centers along the pacific coast, usa. although various strains of zoonotic bacteria have been isolated from seabirds, risks to rehabilitators at these centers have not been well documented. from november 2001 through january 2003, we determined the prevalence of detectable enteric fauna by isolation and characterization of gram-negative bacteria from cloacal swabs taken from 26 common murres (uria aalge), 49 gulls (larus spp.), ... | 2005 | 16456162 |
| mechanical transmission of pathogenic organisms: the role of cockroaches. | cockroaches (diploptera punctata) are basically tropical insects and will do their best to find a home that is both warm and moist. their involvement in the transmission of tropical diseases is poorly investigated in africa. | 2005 | 16457381 |
| identification of nif genes in n2-fixing bacterial strains isolated from rice fields along the yangtze river plain. | the aim of this research was to identify nifh and nifhdkye ' genes in twenty strains of n2-fixing heterotrophic bacteria isolated from rice fields in the yangtze river plain. southern hybridization of the total dna from each strain was performed with the klebsiella pneumoniae nifhdkye ' gene probe (6.2 kb eco ri fragment from psa30) and the azospirillum brasilense nifh gene probe (0.6 kb eco ri-hin diii fragment from phu8). we found that eco ri fragments of total dna from aeromonas hydrophila hy ... | 2006 | 16463319 |
| biochemical and molecular characterization of three new variants of ampc beta-lactamases from morganella morganii. | morganella morganii produces an inducible, chromosomally encoded ampc beta-lactamase. we describe in this study three new variants of ampc within this species with apparent pis of 6.6 (m19 from m. morganii strain pp19), 7.4 (m29 from m. morganii strain pp29), and 7.8 (m37 from m. morganii strain pp37). after gene sequencing, deduced amino acid sequences displayed one to six substitutions when compared to the available morganella ampc sequences. an ampr-encoding gene was also found upstream of am ... | 2006 | 16495258 |
| the deacylation mechanism of ampc beta-lactamase at ultrahigh resolution. | beta-lactamases confer bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, such as penicillins. the characteristic class c beta-lactamase ampc catalyzes the reaction with several key residues including ser64, tyr150, and lys67. here, we describe a 1.07 a x-ray crystallographic structure of ampc beta-lactamase in complex with a boronic acid deacylation transition-state analogue. the high quality of the electron density map allows the determination of many proton positions. the proton on the tyr150 h ... | 2006 | 16506777 |
| structure of citrobacter freundii l-methionine gamma-lyase. | l-methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp) dependent enzyme that catalyzes gamma-elimination of l-methionine. the crystal structure of mgl from citrobacter freundii has been determined at 1.9 a resolution. the spatial fold of the protein is similar to those of mgls from pseudomonas putida and trichomonas vaginalis. the comparison of these structures revealed that there are differences in plp-binding residues and positioning of the surrounding flexible loops. | 2005 | 16511092 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of molecular chaperone-like diol dehydratase-reactivating factor in adp-bound and nucleotide-free forms. | adenosylcobalamin (coenzyme b12) dependent diol dehydratase (ec 4.2.1.28) catalyzes the conversion of 1,2-diols and glycerol to the corresponding aldehydes. it undergoes mechanism-based inactivation by glycerol. the diol dehydratase-reactivating factor (ddr) reactivates the inactivated holoenzymes in the presence of adenosylcobalamin, atp and mg2+ by mediating the release of a damaged cofactor. this molecular chaperone-like factor was overexpressed in escherichia coli, purified and crystallized ... | 2005 | 16511107 |
| the phytopathogen dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi 3937) is a pathogen of the pea aphid. | dickeya dadantii (erwinia chrysanthemi) is a phytopathogenic bacterium causing soft rot diseases on many crops. the sequencing of its genome identified four genes encoding homologues of the cyt family of insecticidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis, which are not present in the close relative pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. atrosepticum. the pathogenicity of d. dadantii was tested on the pea aphid acyrthosiphon pisum, and the bacterium was shown to be highly virulent for this insect, either ... | 2006 | 16517643 |
| evaluation of the phoenix 100 id/ast system and nid panel for identification of enterobacteriaceae, vibrionaceae, and commonly isolated nonenteric gram-negative bacilli. | the phoenix 100 id/ast system (becton dickinson co., sparks, md.) is an automated system for the identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of bacterial isolates. this system with its negative identification (nid) panel was evaluated for its accuracy in the identification of 507 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae, 57 other nonenteric gram-negative isolates that are commonly isolated in clinical microbiology laboratories, and 138 isolates of the family vibrionaceae. all of the ... | 2006 | 16517878 |
| high-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyra and parc confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage cc17 of enterococcus faecium. | to substantiate a common genetic background of ciprofloxacin-resistant enterococcus faecium, 32 ciprofloxacin-resistant (cip(r)) and 31 ciprofloxacin-susceptible (cip(s)) isolates from outbreaks, clinical infections, surveillances, and animals from 10 different countries were genotyped by multilocus sequence typing. additionally, susceptibilities to ampicillin and vancomycin and the presence of esp were determined and the quinolone resistance-determining regions of parc, gyra, parb, and gyre wer ... | 2006 | 16517894 |
| characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing kuwait and uk strains identified by the vitek system, and subsequent comparison of the vitek system with other commercial esbl-testing systems using these strains. | two hundred and fifty-one unique patient isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae (123), escherichia coli (114), klebsiella oxytoca (7), enterobacter cloacae (5) and citrobacter freundii (2), flagged as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) positive by the vitek system (gns-526 card), were collected. these strains were isolated from a variety of clinical specimens submitted to the clinical bacteriology laboratories of the royal infirmary of edinburgh (rie), edinburgh, uk (and associated gp practices) ... | 2006 | 16533989 |
| delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae. | goodman, r. e. (university of california, los angeles), and m. j. pickett. delayed lactose fermentation by enterobacteriaceae. j. bacteriol. 92:318-327. 1966.-when 171 citrobacter freundii strains and 14 paracolobactrum arizonae strains examined, 51 of the c. freundii strains and 13 of the p. arizonae strains were found to be delayed or negative lactose fermenters. of the slow fermenters, 65% yielded rapidly fermenting mutants in cultures undergoing delayed fermentation. lactose fermentation cou ... | 1966 | 16562113 |
| qnrb, another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance. | a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrb, has been discovered in a plasmid encoding the ctx-m-15 beta-lactamase from a klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated in south india. it has less than 40% amino acid identity with the original qnr (now qnra) gene or with the recently described qnrs but, like them, codes for a protein belonging to the pentapeptide repeat family. strains with qnrb demonstrated low-level resistance to all quinolones tested. the gene has been cloned in an expres ... | 2006 | 16569827 |
| changes in flagellin glycosylation affect campylobacter autoagglutination and virulence. | analysis of the complete flagellin glycosylation locus of campylobacter jejuni strain 81-176 revealed a less complex genomic organization than the corresponding region in the genome strain, c. jejuni nctc 11168. twenty-four of the 45 genes found between cj1293 and cj1337 in nctc 11168 are missing in 81-176. mutation of six new genes, in addition to three previously reported, resulted in a non-motile phenotype, consistent with a role in synthesis of pseudaminic acid (pseac) or transfer of pseac t ... | 2006 | 16573682 |
| sequence alignment and homology threading reveals prokaryotic and eukaryotic proteins similar to lactose permease. | certain prokaryotic transport proteins similar to the lactose permease of escherichia coli (lacy) have been identified by blast searches from available genomic databanks. these proteins exhibit conservation of amino acid residues that participate in sugar binding and h(+) translocation in lacy. homology threading of prokaryotic transporters based on the x-ray structure of lacy (pdb id: 1pv7) and sequence similarities reveals a common overall fold for sugar transporters belonging to the major fac ... | 2006 | 16574153 |
| [purification and properties of citrobacter freundii phytase]. | phytase (myo-inositol-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexakisphosphate phosphohydrolase, ec 3.1.3.26) catalyses the stepwise hydrolysis of phytic acid (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate). phytases are of great commercial importance due to their usage as supplement of food and animal feed, which can cater to nutrition demands and alleviate environmental problems, has been approved by many countries. although acid phytases have been extensively studied, information regarding the phytases from citrobacter is limited. in t ... | 2006 | 16579482 |
| cloning and sequencing of the ompa gene of enterobacter sakazakii and development of an ompa-targeted pcr for rapid detection of enterobacter sakazakii in infant formula. | enterobacter sakazakii is an emerging, infant formula-borne pathogen that causes severe meningitis, meningoencephalitis, sepsis, and necrotizing enterocolitis in neonates and infants, with a high fatality rate. traditional detection methods take up to 7 days to identify e. sakazakii. the outer membrane protein a gene (ompa), along with its flanking sequences from e. sakazakii (atcc 51329), was cloned in the pgem-t easy vector and sequenced. comparison of the nucleotide and deduced amino acid seq ... | 2006 | 16597955 |
| quantitative real-time legionella pcr for environmental water samples: data interpretation. | quantitative legionella pcrs targeting the 16s rrna gene (specific for the genus legionella) and the mip gene (specific for the species legionella pneumophila) were applied to a total of 223 hot water system samples (131 in one laboratory and 92 in another laboratory) and 37 cooling tower samples (all in the same laboratory). the pcr results were compared with those of conventional culture. 16s rrna gene pcr results were nonquantifiable for 2.8% of cooling tower samples and up to 39.1% of hot wa ... | 2006 | 16597985 |
| produce isolates of the escherichia coli ont:h52 serotype that carry both shiga toxin 1 and stable toxin genes. | produce isolates of the escherichia coli ont:h52 serotype carried shiga toxin 1 and stable toxin genes but only expressed stx1. these strains had pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles that were 90% homologous to clinical ont:h52 strains that had identical phenotypes and genotypes. all ont:h52 strains had identical single nucleotide polymorphism profiles that are suggestive of a unique clonal group. | 2006 | 16598020 |
| antibiotic resistance as a global threat: evidence from china, kuwait and the united states. | antimicrobial resistance is an under-appreciated threat to public health in nations around the globe. with globalization booming, it is important to understand international patterns of resistance. if countries already experience similar patterns of resistance, it may be too late to worry about international spread. if large countries or groups of countries that are likely to leap ahead in their integration with the rest of the world--china being the standout case--have high and distinctive patt ... | 2006 | 16603071 |
| role of bacteria in the oviposition behaviour and larval development of stable flies. | stable flies, stomoxys calcitrans (l.), are the most important pests of cattle in the united states. however, adequate management strategies for stable flies, especially for pastured cattle, are lacking. microbial/symbiont-based approaches offer novel venues for management of insect pests and/or vector-borne human and animal pathogens. unfortunately, the fundamental knowledge of stable fly-microbial associations and their effect on stable fly biology is lacking. in this study, stable flies laid ... | 2006 | 16608496 |
| tigecycline (tygacil): the first in the glycylcycline class of antibiotics. | 2006 | 16609746 | |
| l-methionine gamma-lyase from citrobacter freundii: cloning of the gene and kinetic parameters of the enzyme. | it is shown for the first time for the enterobacteriaceae family that a gene encoding l-methionine gamma-lyase (mgl) is present in the genome of citrobacter freundii. homogeneous enzyme has been purified from c. freundii cells and its n-terminal sequence has been determined. the hybrid plasmid pucmgl obtained from the c. freundii genomic library contains an ecori insert of about 3000 bp, which ensures the appearance of mgl activity when expressed in escherichia coli tg1 cells. the nucleotide seq ... | 2006 | 16615855 |
| nucleotide flips determine the specificity of the ecl18ki restriction endonuclease. | restricion endonuclease ecl18ki is specific for the sequence /ccngg and cleaves it before the outer c to generate 5 nt 5'-overhangs. it has been suggested that ecl18ki is evolutionarily related to ngomiv, a 6-bp cutter that cleaves the sequence g/ccggc and leaves 4 nt 5'-overhangs. here, we report the crystal structure of the ecl18ki-dna complex at 1.7 a resolution and compare it with the known structure of the ngomiv-dna complex. we find that ecl18ki flips both central nucleotides within the cc ... | 2006 | 16628220 |
| stepwise upregulation of the pseudomonas aeruginosa chromosomal cephalosporinase conferring high-level beta-lactam resistance involves three ampd homologues. | development of resistance to the antipseudomonal penicillins and cephalosporins mediated by hyperproduction of the chromosomal cephalosporinase ampc is a major threat to the successful treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. although ampd inactivation has been previously found to lead to a partially derepressed phenotype characterized by increased ampc production but retaining further inducibility, the regulation of ampc in p. aeruginosa is far from well understood. we demonstrate that a ... | 2006 | 16641450 |
| increasing prevalence and diversity of metallo-beta-lactamases in pseudomonas spp., acinetobacter spp., and enterobacteriaceae from korea. | among imipenem-nonsusceptible isolates, acquired metallo-beta-lactamase genes were detected in 36 of 581 (6.2%) pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, 42 of 44 (95.4%) other pseudomonas species, and 136 of 513 (26.5%) acinetobacter species from 2003 to 2004 at a korean hospital. overall, bla(vim-2)-like genes were the most prevalent and were also detected in enterobacteriaceae, including klebsiella pneumoniae. | 2006 | 16641469 |
| new antimicrobial agents approved by the u.s. food and drug administration in 2005 and new indications for previously approved agents. | 2006 | 16641478 | |
| crystal structure of the nucleotide-binding subunit dhal of the escherichia coli dihydroxyacetone kinase. | dihydroxyacetone (dha) kinases are a family of sequence-related enzymes that utilize either atp or phosphoenolpyruvate (pep) as source of high energy phosphate. the pep-dependent dha kinase of escherichia coli consists of three subunits. dhak and dhal are homologous to the dha and nucleotide-binding domains of the atp-dependent kinase of citrobacter freundii. the dham subunit is a multiphosphorylprotein of the pep:sugar phosphotransferase system (pts). dhal contains a tightly bound adp as coenzy ... | 2006 | 16647083 |
| trends in production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among enterobacteria of medical interest: report of the second italian nationwide survey. | results of a 2003 survey carried out in italy to evaluate the prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteria are presented. eleven italian microbiology laboratories investigated 9,076 consecutive nonreplicate isolates (inpatients, 6,850; outpatients, 2,226). esbl screening was performed by mic data analysis. confirmation was obtained using the double-disk synergy test and the combination disk test based on clsi methodology. esbl determinants were investigated by c ... | 2006 | 16672390 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid, simple, and sensitive immunochromatographic assay to detect thermostable direct hemolysin produced by vibrio parahaemolyticus in enrichment cultures of stool specimens. | thermostable direct hemolysin (tdh) is considered to be a major virulence factor in vibrio parahaemolyticus, and most cases of v. parahaemolyticus diarrhea in humans are caused by tdh gene-positive strains. in the present study, we developed an immunochromatographic assay to detect tdh (tdh-ica) and evaluated the utility of tdh-ica for the diagnosis of v. parahaemolyticus diarrhea. tdh-ica allowed the detection of 0.2 ng/ml of tdh within 10 min. fecal homogenates were spiked with various numbers ... | 2006 | 16672412 |
| development and validation of an oligonucleotide microarray for detection of multiple virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in escherichia coli. | an oligonucleotide microarray detecting 189 escherichia coli virulence genes or markers and 30 antimicrobial resistance genes was designed and validated using dna from known reference strains. this microarray was confirmed to be a powerful diagnostic tool for monitoring emerging e. coli pathotypes and antimicrobial resistance, as well as for environmental, epidemiological, and phylogenetic studies including the evaluation of genome plasticity. | 2006 | 16672535 |
| enterobacter cloacae outbreak and emergence of quinolone resistance gene in dutch hospital. | an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae infections with variable susceptibility to fluoroquinolones occurred in the university medical center utrecht in the netherlands in 2002. our investigation showed that a qnra1 gene was present in 78 (94%) of 83 outbreak isolates and that a qnra1-encoding plasmid transferred to other strains of the same species and other species. the earliest isolate carrying this same plasmid was isolated in 1999. qnra1 was located in a complex integron consisting of the inti1 ... | 2006 | 16704842 |
| confirmation of e. coli among other thermotolerant coliform bacteria in paper mill effluents, wood chips screening rejects and paper sludges. | paper sludges are solid wastes material generated from the paper production, which have been characterized for their chemical contents. some are rich in wood fiber and are a good carbon source, for example the primary and de-inking paper sludges. others are made rich in nitrogen and phosphorus by pressing the activated sludge, resulting from the biological water treatments, with the primary sludge, yielding the combined paper sludge. still, in the absence of sanitary effluents very few studies h ... | 2006 | 16714043 |
| dna looping by two-site restriction endonucleases: heterogeneous probability distributions for loop size and unbinding force. | proteins interacting at multiple sites on dna via looping play an important role in many fundamental biochemical processes. restriction endonucleases that must bind at two recognition sites for efficient activity are a useful model system for studying such interactions. here we used single dna manipulation to study sixteen known or suspected two-site endonucleases. in eleven cases (bpmi, bsgi, bspmi, cfr10i, eco57i, ecorii, foki, hpaii, nari, sau3ai and sgrai) we found that substitution of ca2+ ... | 2006 | 16723432 |
| model system to evaluate the effect of ampd mutations on ampc-mediated beta-lactam resistance. | mutations within the structural gene of ampd can lead to ampc overproduction and increases in beta-lactam mics in organisms with an inducible ampc. however, identification of mutations alone cannot predict the impact that those mutations have on ampd function. therefore, a model system was designed to determine the effect of ampd mutations on ceftazidime mics using an ampd(-) mutant escherichia coli strain which produced an inducible plasmid-encoded ampc. ampd genes were amplified by pcr from st ... | 2006 | 16723562 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of dw-224a, a new fluoronaphthyridone. | dw-224a showed the most potent in vitro activity among the quinolone compounds tested against clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria. against gram-negative bacteria, dw-224a was slightly less active than the other fluoroquinolones. the in vivo activities of dw-224a against gram-positive bacteria were more potent than those of other quinolones. | 2006 | 16723601 |
| molecular epidemiology of ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates from dairy calves. | healthy calves (n = 96, 1 to 9 weeks old) from a dairy herd in central pennsylvania were examined each month over a five-month period for fecal shedding of ceftiofur-resistant gram-negative bacteria. ceftiofur-resistant escherichia coli isolates (n = 122) were characterized by antimicrobial resistance (disk diffusion and mic), serotype, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtypes, beta-lactamase genes, and virulence genes. antibiotic disk diffusion assays showed that the isolates were resistant to ... | 2006 | 16751500 |
| a constitutively expressed, truncated umudc operon regulates the reca-dependent dna damage induction of a gene in acinetobacter baylyi strain adp1. | in response to environmentally caused dna damage, sos genes are up-regulated due to reca-mediated relief of lexa repression. in escherichia coli, the sos umudc operon is required for dna damage checkpoint functions and for replicating damaged dna in the error-prone process called sos mutagenesis. in the model soil bacterium acinetobacter baylyi strain adp1, however, the content, regulation, and function of the umudc operon are unusual. the umuc gene is incomplete, and a remnant of an isehe3-like ... | 2006 | 16751513 |