Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| pertactin is required for bordetella species to resist neutrophil-mediated clearance. | pertactin (prn) is an autotransporter protein produced by all members of the bordetella bronchiseptica cluster, which includes b. pertussis, b. parapertussis, and b. bronchiseptica. it is a primary component of acellular pertussis vaccines, and anti-prn antibody titers correlate with protection. in vitro studies have suggested that prn functions as an adhesin and that an rgd motif located in the center of the passenger domain is important for this function. two regions of prn that contain sequen ... | 2010 | 20421378 |
| structural insight into the regulatory mechanisms of interactions of the flagellar type iii chaperone flit with its binding partners. | for self-assembly of the bacterial flagellum, most of the flagellar component proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm are exported by the flagellar type iii export apparatus to the growing, distal end. flagellar protein export is highly organized and well controlled in every step of the flagellar assembly process. flagellar-specific chaperones not only facilitate the export of their cognate proteins, as well as prevent their premature aggregation in the cytoplasm, but also play a role in fine-tuni ... | 2010 | 20421493 |
| enantioselective protonation. | enantioselective protonation is a common process in biosynthetic sequences. the decarboxylase and esterase enzymes that effect this valuable transformation are able to control both the steric environment around the proton acceptor (typically an enolate) and the proton donor (typically a thiol). recently, several chemical methods to achieve enantioselective protonation have been developed by exploiting various means of enantiocontrol in different mechanisms. these laboratory transformations have ... | 2009 | 20428461 |
| immune-enhancing effect of fermented maesil (prunus mume siebold & zucc.) with probiotics against bordetella bronchiseptica in mice. | maesil (prunus mume) has long been used as a traditional drug and healthy food in east asian countries. it possesses a number of beneficial biological activities including potential antimicrobial effects against pathogens. probiotics also have antibacterial effects. moreover, some probiotics have an important role in regulating the immune system. the present study evaluated the immune enhancing effects of fermented maesil with probiotics (saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus subtilis and lactobaci ... | 2010 | 20453453 |
| evaluation of eight cases of confirmed bordetella bronchiseptica infection and colonization over a 15-year period. | we describe eight human cases of bordetella bronchiseptica infection and colonization over a 15-year period. amongst the eight patients, seven had significant underlying disease. cat exposure was documented in three cases. symptoms ranged from asymptomatic carriage to severe pneumonia. we could not identify a homogeneous pattern of clinical disease among symptomatic patients. although b. bronchiseptica infection remains a rare clinical condition among humans, it should be considered as potential ... | 2011 | 20459438 |
| the complete genome sequence of cupriavidus metallidurans strain ch34, a master survivalist in harsh and anthropogenic environments. | many bacteria in the environment have adapted to the presence of toxic heavy metals. over the last 30 years, this heavy metal tolerance was the subject of extensive research. the bacterium cupriavidus metallidurans strain ch34, originally isolated by us in 1976 from a metal processing factory, is considered a major model organism in this field because it withstands milli-molar range concentrations of over 20 different heavy metal ions. this tolerance is mostly achieved by rapid ion efflux but al ... | 2010 | 20463976 |
| a computational genomics pipeline for prokaryotic sequencing projects. | motivation: new sequencing technologies have accelerated research on prokaryotic genomes and have made genome sequencing operations outside major genome sequencing centers routine. however, no off-the-shelf solution exists for the combined assembly, gene prediction, genome annotation and data presentation necessary to interpret sequencing data. the resulting requirement to invest significant resources into custom informatics support for genome sequencing projects remains a major impediment to th ... | 2010 | 20519285 |
| the early stage of bacterial genome-reductive evolution in the host. | the equine-associated obligate pathogen burkholderia mallei was developed by reductive evolution involving a substantial portion of the genome from burkholderia pseudomallei, a free-living opportunistic pathogen. with its short history of divergence (approximately 3.5 myr), b. mallei provides an excellent resource to study the early steps in bacterial genome reductive evolution in the host. by examining 20 genomes of b. mallei and b. pseudomallei, we found that stepwise massive expansion of is ( ... | 2010 | 20523904 |
| epidemiology and clinical presentations of the four human coronaviruses 229e, hku1, nl63, and oc43 detected over 3 years using a novel multiplex real-time pcr method. | four human coronaviruses (hcov-229e, hcov-hku1, hcov-nl63, and hcov-oc43) are associated with a range of respiratory outcomes, including bronchiolitis and pneumonia. their epidemiologies and clinical characteristics are poorly described and are often reliant on case reports. to address these problems, we conducted a large-scale comprehensive screening for all four coronaviruses by analysis of 11,661 diagnostic respiratory samples collected in edinburgh, united kingdom, over 3 years between july ... | 2010 | 20554810 |
| influenza virus coinfection with bordetella bronchiseptica enhances bacterial colonization and host responses exacerbating pulmonary lesions. | influenza virus (flu) infection and secondary complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. the increasing number of annual flu cases, coupled with the recent flu pandemic, has amplified concerns about the impact of flu on human and animal health. similar to humans, flu is problematic in pigs, not only as a primary pathogen but as an agent in polymicrobial pneumonia. bordetella species play a role in mixed infections and often colonize the respiratory tract without over ... | 2010 | 20558274 |
| the multifunctional pe_pgrs11 protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis plays a role in regulating resistance to oxidative stress. | mycobacterium tuberculosis utilizes unique strategies to survive amid the hostile environment of infected host cells. infection-specific expression of a unique mycobacterial cell surface antigen that could modulate key signaling cascades can act as a key survival strategy in curtailing host effector responses like oxidative stress. we demonstrate here that hypothetical pe_pgrs11 orf encodes a functional phosphoglycerate mutase. the transcriptional analysis revealed that pe_pgrs11 is a hypoxia-re ... | 2010 | 20558725 |
| alternative method of oral dosing for rats. | oral administration of drugs to laboratory rodents typically is achieved by using the gavage technique. although highly effective, this method occasionally can cause esophageal injury as well as restraint-associated distress, particularly with repeated use. the aim of this study was to assess an alternative oral dosing method that could reduce the distress and morbidity associated with standard gavage techniques. the palatability and pharmacokinetic profile of 2 medicines approved for the treatm ... | 2010 | 20587166 |
| antigenic variation among bordetella: bordetella bronchiseptica strain mo149 expresses a novel o chain that is poorly immunogenic. | the o chain polysaccharide (o ps) of bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella parapertussis lipopolysaccharide is a homopolymer of 2,3-diacetamido-2,3-dideoxygalacturonic acid (galnac3naca) in which some of the sugars are present as uronamides. the terminal residue contains several unusual modifications. to date, two types of modification have been characterized, and a survey of numerous strains demonstrated that each contained one of these two modification types. host antibody responses against ... | 2010 | 20592026 |
| stability of polymyxin b sulfate diluted in 0.9% sodium chloride injection and stored at 4 or 25 degrees c. | the stability of polymyxin b sulfate in infusion bags containing 0.9% sodium chloride injection stored at 4 and 25 degrees c was studied. | 2010 | 20592326 |
| the occurrence of bordetella bronchiseptica in pigs with clinical respiratory disease. | between january 2003 and september 2008, 652 bordetella bronchiseptica isolates were cultured from 3506 lung samples collected from pigs with respiratory disease. over the 6-year period, the average isolation rate was 18.6%, making b. bronchiseptica the fourth most frequently isolated pathogenic bacterium from those lung samples. the isolation rates in different years and provinces ranged from 15.2% to 25.7% and 17.3% to 20.7%, respectively. there were significant influences of sampling month an ... | 2011 | 20598597 |
| new antiseptic peptides to protect against endotoxin-mediated shock. | systemic bacterial infections are associated with high mortality. the access of bacteria or constituents thereof to systemic circulation induces the massive release of immunomodulatory mediators, ultimately causing tissue hypoperfusion and multiple-organ failure despite adequate antibiotic treatment. lipid a, the "endotoxic principle" of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), is one of the major bacterial immunostimuli. here we demonstrate the biological efficacy of rationally designed new syntheti ... | 2010 | 20606063 |
| evaluation of specificity of bp3385 for bordetella pertussis detection. | bp3385 has been proposed as a diagnostic pcr target for discriminating between bordetella pertussis and other bordetella species that also infect humans. our results demonstrate that this gene is also present in some strains of bordetella hinzii and bordetella bronchiseptica. | 2010 | 20631116 |
| the bps polysaccharide of bordetella pertussis promotes colonization and biofilm formation in the nose by functioning as an adhesin. | many respiratory pathogens establish persistent infection or a carrier state in the human nasopharynx without overt disease symptoms but the presence of these in the lungs usually results in disease. although the anatomy and microenvironments between nasopharynx and lungs are different, a virulence factor with an organ-specific function in the colonization of the nasopharynx is unknown. in contrast to the severity of pertussis and mortality in non-vaccinated young children, bordetella pertussis ... | 2010 | 20633227 |
| bordetella holmesii bacteremia in asplenic children: report of four cases initially misidentified as acinetobacter lwoffii. | bordetella holmesii is a fastidious gram-negative rod that was initially identified in 1995. it causes bacteremia, predominantly among patients with anatomical or functional asplenia. we report four cases of b. holmesii bacteremia in asplenic children occurring within the last 4 years. in all cases, b. holmesii was misidentified by an automated system as acinetobacter lwoffii. | 2010 | 20668129 |
| kitten-transmitted bordetella bronchiseptica infection in a patient receiving temozolomide for glioblastoma. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram negative coccobacillus that can be transmitted from domestic animals and cause severe infections in immunocompromised patients. a 56-year-old man with a left parietal glioblastoma was treated with resection, radiation and concomitant and adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy. he received bevacizumab for progression, and dose dense metronomic temozolomide was added for additional progression. he developed chronic cough and was diagnosed with b. bronchiseptica infe ... | 2011 | 20676728 |
| brugia filariasis differentially modulates persistent helicobacter pylori gastritis in the gerbil model. | in select helicobacter pylori-infected populations with low gastric cancer, nematode coinfections are common and both helicobacter gastritis and filariasis are modeled in gerbils. we evaluated gastritis, worm counts, tissue cytokine gene expression levels and th1/th2-associated antibody responses in h. pylori and brugia pahangi mono- and coinfected gerbils. h. pylori-associated gastritis indices were significantly lower 21 weeks post-infection in coinfected gerbils (p < or = 0.05) and were inver ... | 2010 | 20685294 |
| bordetella bronchiseptica bacteremia in a patient with aids. | bordetella bronchiseptica bacteremia is often associated with various infection in animals. the majority of b bronchiseptica infections reported in humans are cases of pneumonia. very few cases have been reported in patients with a history of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the patient described herein, who had a history of aids, was likely infected with b bronchiseptica as a result of his hemodialysis catheter. the patient was successfully treated with antibiotics without the remova ... | 2010 | 20689480 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from pigs with respiratory diseases on farms in china. | one hundred and 63 bordetella bronchiseptica isolates from pigs, consisting of 65 isolated in 2003 and 98 isolated in 2007, were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility to 17 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. all 163 b. bronchiseptica isolates were sensitive to polymyxin b and cefoperazone/sulbactam; the majority of the strains were sensitive to amikacin (149/163; 91.4%), gentamicin (132/163; 81.0%), ampicillin/sulbactam (127/163; 77.9%) and ciprofloxacin (115/163; 70.6%). a hig ... | 2011 | 20736518 |
| immune regulation of a chronic bacteria infection and consequences for pathogen transmission. | the role of host immunity has been recognized as not only playing a fundamental role in the interaction between the host and pathogen but also in influencing host infectiousness and the ability to shed pathogens. despite the interest in this area of study, and the development of theoretical work on the immuno-epidemiology of infections, little is known about the immunological processes that influence pathogen shedding patterns. | 2010 | 20738862 |
| abc transporters involved in export of cell surface glycoconjugates. | complex glycoconjugates play critical roles in the biology of microorganisms. despite the remarkable diversity in glycan structures and the bacteria that produce them, conserved themes are evident in the biosynthesis-export pathways. one of the primary pathways involves representatives of the atp-binding cassette (abc) transporter superfamily. these proteins are responsible for the export of a wide variety of cell surface oligo- and polysaccharides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteri ... | 2010 | 20805402 |
| insulin-induced hypoglycemic peripheral motor neuropathy in spontaneously diabetic wbn/kob rats. | intensive insulin therapy can lead to hypoglycemia, with patients sometimes developing hypoglycemic neuropathy. spontaneously diabetic wistar bonn kobori (wbn/kob) rats develop diabetic peripheral motor neuropathy characterized by segmental demyelination and axonal degeneration. we examined the short-term effects of hypoglycemia on neuropathic changes in these rats. spontaneous diabetic wbn/kob rats received insulin implants for 40 d and were divided into 3 groups based on blood glucose levels: ... | 2010 | 20819377 |
| spatiotemporal expression of tmie in the inner ear of rats during postnatal development. | the circling (cir/cir) mouse is a murine model for human nonsyndromic deafness dfnb6. transmembrane inner ear (tmie) is the causative gene and its mutation through deletion of a 40-kilobase genomic region including tmie leads to deafness. the function of tmie is unknown. to better understand the function of tmie, we focused on the spatiotemporal expression of tmie in the rat cochlea by using a tmie-specific antibody. results showed that tmie expression was prominent in early postnatal rat cochle ... | 2010 | 20819378 |
| aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. | aminoglycosides have been an essential component of the armamentarium in the treatment of life-threatening infections. unfortunately, their efficacy has been reduced by the surge and dissemination of resistance. in some cases the levels of resistance reached the point that rendered them virtually useless. among many known mechanisms of resistance to aminoglycosides, enzymatic modification is the most prevalent in the clinical setting. aminoglycoside modifying enzymes catalyze the modification at ... | 2010 | 20833577 |
| new insights into s2p signaling cascades: regulation, variation, and conservation. | regulated intramembrane proteolysis (rip) is a conserved mechanism that regulates signal transduction across the membrane by recruiting membrane-bound proteases to cleave membrane-spanning regulatory proteins. as the first identified protease that performs rip, the metalloprotease site-2 protease (s2p) has received extensive study during the past decade, and an increasing number of s2p-like proteases have been identified and studied in different organisms; however, some of their substrates and t ... | 2010 | 20836086 |
| assessment of carprofen and buprenorphine on recovery of mice after surgical removal of the mammary fat pad. | the purpose of this study was to determine the level of pain elicited by mammary fat pad removal surgery and the effects of postoperative analgesics on recovery. female fvb mice were anesthetized, and mammary fat pad removal was performed. after surgery, mice received carprofen, buprenorphine, a combination of carprofen and buprenorphine, or saline treatment. additional mice received anesthesia but no surgery or treatment. food and water intake, body weight, wheel running activity, and a visual ... | 2010 | 20858363 |
| characterization of pneumonia due to streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus in dogs. | streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus has been linked to cases of acute fatal pneumonia in dogs in several countries. outbreaks can occur in kenneled dog populations and result in significant levels of morbidity and mortality. this highly contagious disease is characterized by the sudden onset of clinical signs, including pyrexia, dyspnea, and hemorrhagic nasal discharge. the pathogenesis of s. equi subsp. zooepidemicus infection in dogs is poorly understood. this study systematically characte ... | 2010 | 20861329 |
| primary follicular dystrophy with scarring dermatitis in c57bl/6 mouse substrains resembles central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in humans. | a number of c57bl/6 (b6) substrains are commonly used by scientists for basic biomedical research. one of several b6 strain-specific background diseases is focal alopecia that may resolve or progress to severe, ulcerative dermatitis. clinical and progressive histologic changes of skin disease commonly observed in c57bl/6j and preliminary studies in other closely related substrains are presented. lesions develop due to a primary follicular dystrophy with rupture of severely affected follicles lea ... | 2011 | 20861494 |
| primary follicular dystrophy with scarring dermatitis in c57bl/6 mouse substrains resembles central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia in humans. | a number of c57bl/6 (b6) substrains are commonly used by scientists for basic biomedical research. one of several b6 strain-specific background diseases is focal alopecia that may resolve or progress to severe, ulcerative dermatitis. clinical and progressive histologic changes of skin disease commonly observed in c57bl/6j and preliminary studies in other closely related substrains are presented. lesions develop due to a primary follicular dystrophy with rupture of severely affected follicles lea ... | 2011 | 20861494 |
| association of bordetella dermonecrotic toxin with the extracellular matrix. | bordetella dermonecrotic toxin (dnt) causes the turbinate atrophy in swine atrophic rhinitis, caused by a bordetella bronchiseptica infection of pigs, by inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation. the toxin is not actively secreted from the bacteria, and is presumed to be present in only small amounts in infected areas. how such small amounts can affect target tissues is unknown. | 2010 | 20868510 |
| identification of ysrt and evidence that ysrrst constitute a unique phosphorelay system in yersinia enterocolitica. | two-component systems (tcs) and phosphorelay systems are mechanisms used by bacteria and fungi to quickly adapt to environmental changes to produce proteins necessary for survival in new environments. bacterial pathogens use tcs and phosphorelay systems to regulate genes necessary to establish infection within their hosts, including type iii secretion systems (t3ss). the yersinia enterocolitica ysa t3ss is activated in response to nacl by ysrs and ysrr, a putative hybrid sensor kinase and a resp ... | 2010 | 20870771 |
| selective electrodiffusion of zinc ions in a zrt-, irt-like protein, zipb. | all living cells need zinc ions to support cell growth. zrt-, irt-like proteins (zips) represent a major route for entry of zinc ions into cells, but how zips promote zinc uptake has been unclear. here we report the molecular characterization of zipb from bordetella bronchiseptica, the first zip homolog to be purified and functionally reconstituted into proteoliposomes. zinc flux through zipb was found to be nonsaturable and electrogenic, yielding membrane potentials as predicted by the nernst e ... | 2010 | 20876577 |
| seasonal breeding drives the incidence of a chronic bacterial infection in a free-living herbivore population. | summaryunderstanding seasonal changes in age-related incidence of infections can be revealing for disentangling how host heterogeneities affect transmission and how to control the spread of infections between social groups. seasonal forcing has been well documented in human childhood diseases but the mechanisms responsible for age-related transmission in free-living and socially structured animal populations are still poorly known. here we studied the seasonal dynamics of bordetella bronchisepti ... | 2010 | 20943004 |
| structures of the first representatives of pfam family pf06684 (duf1185) reveal a novel variant of the bacillus chorismate mutase fold and suggest a role in amino-acid metabolism. | the crystal structures of bb2672 and spo0826 were determined to resolutions of 1.7 and 2.1 å by single-wavelength anomalous dispersion and multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion, respectively, using the semi-automated high-throughput pipeline of the joint center for structural genomics (jcsg) as part of the nigms protein structure initiative (psi). these proteins are the first structural representatives of the pf06684 (duf1185) pfam family. structural analysis revealed that both structures ado ... | 2010 | 20944209 |
| what is type vi secretion doing in all those bugs? | the identification of bacterial secretion systems capable of translocating substrates into eukaryotic cells via needle-like appendages has opened fruitful and exciting areas of microbial pathogenesis research. the recent discovery of the type vi secretion system (t6ss) was met with early speculation that it too acts as a 'needle' that pathogens aim at host cells. new reports demonstrate that certain t6sss are potent mediators of interbacterial interactions. in light of these findings, we examine ... | 2010 | 20961764 |
| genomic analysis and relatedness of p2-like phages of the burkholderia cepacia complex. | the burkholderia cepacia complex (bcc) is comprised of at least seventeen gram-negative species that cause infections in cystic fibrosis patients. because bcc bacteria are broadly antibiotic resistant, phage therapy is currently being investigated as a possible alternative treatment for these infections. the purpose of our study was to sequence and characterize three novel bcc-specific phages: ks5 (vb_bcem-ks5 or vb_bmuz-atcc 17616), ks14 (vb_bcem-ks14) and kl3 (vb_bamm-kl3 or vb_bcez-cep511). | 2010 | 20973964 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in swine associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) is a chronic respiratory disease. although the pathogenesis of boop is still incompletely understood, boop is responsive to steroids and has a good prognosis. in our five pigs with chronic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), typical boop lesions were revealed. all five porcine lungs showed typical intraluminal plugs, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was identified. they also exhibited similar pathologic findings such as prol ... | 2010 | 20976305 |
| bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia in swine associated with porcine circovirus type 2 infection. | bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (boop) is a chronic respiratory disease. although the pathogenesis of boop is still incompletely understood, boop is responsive to steroids and has a good prognosis. in our five pigs with chronic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws), typical boop lesions were revealed. all five porcine lungs showed typical intraluminal plugs, and porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) was identified. they also exhibited similar pathologic findings such as prol ... | 2010 | 20976305 |
| chemical composition of desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipid a. | lipopolysaccharides also called endotoxins are an integral component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. when released from the bacterial surface, they interact with a host immune system, triggering excessive inflammatory response. lipid a is the biologically most active part of endotoxin, and its activity is modulated by the quantity, quality and arrangement of its fatty acids. desulfovibrio desulfuricans is sulfate-reducing, gram-negative bacterium that is supposed to be opportuni ... | 2010 | 20978743 |
| chemical composition of desulfovibrio desulfuricans lipid a. | lipopolysaccharides also called endotoxins are an integral component of the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria. when released from the bacterial surface, they interact with a host immune system, triggering excessive inflammatory response. lipid a is the biologically most active part of endotoxin, and its activity is modulated by the quantity, quality and arrangement of its fatty acids. desulfovibrio desulfuricans is sulfate-reducing, gram-negative bacterium that is supposed to be opportuni ... | 2010 | 20978743 |
| homologue structure of the slac1 anion channel for closing stomata in leaves. | the plant slac1 anion channel controls turgor pressure in the aperture-defining guard cells of plant stomata, thereby regulating the exchange of water vapour and photosynthetic gases in response to environmental signals such as drought or high levels of carbon dioxide. here we determine the crystal structure of a bacterial homologue (haemophilus influenzae) of slac1 at 1.20 å resolution, and use structure-inspired mutagenesis to analyse the conductance properties of slac1 channels. slac1 is a sy ... | 2010 | 20981093 |
| [bordetella bronchiseptica-associated acute chest syndrome in a child with sickle cell disease]. | we describe a case of acute chest syndrome associated with bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia in a child with sickle cell disease. b. bronchiseptica is recognized as an important pathogen of the respiratory tract for a large variety of animal species. this zoonotic agent has been frequently associated with chronic and recurrent infections. in humans, the bacterium acts as an opportunistic pathogen affecting mostly immunocompromised patients or those with preexisting respiratory diseases. this c ... | 2010 | 21036565 |
| expression of toll-like receptor 9 in lungs of pigs, dogs and cattle. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are important components of the innate immune system. compared with other tlrs such as tlr4, there is less data on the expression and function of tlr9, which binds to unmethylated dna. because there is no data on the cell-specific protein expression of tlr9 in lungs of cattle, dog and pigs, and pulmonary diseases are the major cause of economic losses, we studied tlr9 expression in lungs using western blotting, immunohistology and immuno-electron microscopy. we charact ... | 2010 | 21044185 |
| comparative genomics of prevaccination and modern bordetella pertussis strains. | despite vaccination since the 1950s, pertussis has persisted and resurged. it remains a major cause of infant death worldwide and is the most prevalent vaccine-preventable disease in developed countries. the resurgence of pertussis has been associated with the expansion of bordetella pertussis strains with a novel allele for the pertussis toxin (ptx) promoter, ptxp3, which have replaced resident ptxp1 strains. compared to ptxp1 strains, ptxp3 produce more ptx resulting in increased virulence and ... | 2010 | 21070624 |
| does m. tuberculosis genomic diversity explain disease diversity? | the outcome of tuberculosis infection and disease is highly variable. this variation has been attributed primarily to host and environmental factors, but better understanding of the global genomic diversity in the m. tuberculosis complex (mtbc) suggests that bacterial factors could also be involved. review of nearly 100 published reports shows that mtbc strains differ in their virulence and immunogenicity in experimental models, but whether this phenotypic variation plays a role in human disease ... | 2010 | 21076640 |
| [immunogenicity and protective efficacy of pertactin recombinants against bordetella bronchiseptica challenge]. | in this study we showed the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of five pertactin recombinants against bordetella bronchiseptica (bb) challenge. | 2010 | 21090265 |
| the role of th17 cytokines in primary mucosal immunity. | the t helper type 17 (th17) lineage of cd4+ t-cells produce several effector molecules including il-17a, il-17f, il-21, and il-22. in addition to cd4+, αβ t-cells, these cytokines can be produced by natural killer and γδ t-cells. these effector cytokines can be produced rapidly upon infection at mucosal sites and evidence to date strongly implicates that this arm of the immune system plays a critical role in mucosal immunity to many extracellular pathogens. moreover these cytokines can also coor ... | 2010 | 21095154 |
| burkdiff: a real-time pcr allelic discrimination assay for burkholderia pseudomallei and b. mallei. | a real-time pcr assay, burkdiff, was designed to target a unique conserved region in the b. pseudomallei and b. mallei genomes containing a snp that differentiates the two species. sensitivity and specificity were assessed by screening burkdiff across 469 isolates of b. pseudomallei, 49 isolates of b. mallei, and 390 isolates of clinically relevant non-target species. concordance of results with traditional speciation methods and no cross-reactivity to non-target species show burkdiff is a robus ... | 2010 | 21103048 |
| tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog. | toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ... | 2010 | 21110998 |
| tir domain-containing adaptor sarm is a late addition to the ongoing microbe-host dialog. | toll/interleukin-1 receptor (tir) domain-containing proteins play important roles in defense against pathogens in both animals and plants, connecting the immunity signaling pathways via a chain of specific protein-protein interactions. among them is sarm, the only tir domain-containing adaptor that can negatively regulate tlr signaling. by extensive phylogenetic analysis, we show here that sarm is closely related to bacterial proteins with tir domains, suggesting that this family has a different ... | 2010 | 21110998 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| species-specific and inhibitor-dependent conformations of lpxc: implications for antibiotic design. | lpxc is an essential enzyme in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway in gram-negative bacteria. several promising antimicrobial lead compounds targeting lpxc have been reported, though they typically display a large variation in potency against different gram-negative pathogens. we report that inhibitors with a diacetylene scaffold effectively overcome the resistance caused by sequence variation in the lpxc substrate-binding passage. compound binding is captured in complex with representative lpxc or ... | 2010 | 21167751 |
| species-specific and inhibitor-dependent conformations of lpxc: implications for antibiotic design. | lpxc is an essential enzyme in the lipid a biosynthetic pathway in gram-negative bacteria. several promising antimicrobial lead compounds targeting lpxc have been reported, though they typically display a large variation in potency against different gram-negative pathogens. we report that inhibitors with a diacetylene scaffold effectively overcome the resistance caused by sequence variation in the lpxc substrate-binding passage. compound binding is captured in complex with representative lpxc or ... | 2010 | 21167751 |
| identifying the age cohort responsible for transmission in a natural outbreak of bordetella bronchiseptica. | identifying the major routes of disease transmission and reservoirs of infection are needed to increase our understanding of disease dynamics and improve disease control. despite this, transmission events are rarely observed directly. here we had the unique opportunity to study natural transmission of bordetella bronchiseptica--a directly transmitted respiratory pathogen with a wide mammalian host range, including sporadic infection of humans--within a commercial rabbitry to evaluate the relativ ... | 2010 | 21187891 |
| a model for clinical evaluation of perioperative analgesia in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus). | assessment of pain in rabbits is challenging, and studies of effective surgical analgesia are lacking for this species. seeking potential indicators of postoperative pain, we performed ovariohysterectomy and telemeter placement as a form of moderate surgical injury in 20 female rabbits. rabbits were assigned to 1 of 4 treatment groups (5 per group): buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg sc every 12 h for 3 d); fentanyl (25-μg patch placed 24 h preoperatively); ketoprofen (1 mg/kg sc every 24 h for 3 d), and ... | 2010 | 21205451 |
| outer membrane vesicles obtained from bordetella pertussis tohama expressing the lipid a deacylase pagl as a novel acellular vaccine candidate. | in an effort to devise a safer and effective pertussis acelullar vaccine, outer membrane vesicles (omvs) were engineered to decrease their endotoxicity. the pagl gene from bordetella bronchiseptica, which encodes a lipid a 3-deacylase, was expressed in bordetella pertussis strain tohama i. the resulting omvs, designated omvs(bppagl), contain tetra- instead of penta-acylated los, in addition to pertussis surface immunogens such as pertactin and pertussis toxin, as the wild type omvs. the characte ... | 2011 | 21211579 |
| hospital epidemiology and infection control in acute-care settings. | health care-associated infections (hais) have become more common as medical care has grown more complex and patients have become more complicated. hais are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and cost. growing rates of hais alongside evidence suggesting that active surveillance and infection control practices can prevent hais led to the development of hospital epidemiology and infection control programs. the role for infection control programs has grown and continues to grow as rat ... | 2011 | 21233510 |
| creating a long-term diabetic rabbit model. | this study was to create a long-term rabbit model of diabetes mellitus for medical studies of up to one year or longer and to evaluate the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on damage of major organs. a single dose of alloxan monohydrate (100 mg/kg) was given intravenously to 20 young new zealand white rabbits. another 12 age-matched normal rabbits were used as controls. hyperglycemia developed within 48 hours after treatment with alloxan. insulin was given daily after diabetes developed. all anim ... | 2010 | 21234414 |
| the rtxa toxin gene of kingella kingae: a pertinent target for molecular diagnosis of osteoarticular infections. | kingella kingae is an emerging osteoarticular pathogen in young children. its isolation by traditional culture methods remains difficult, underscoring the need to implement other diagnostic methods for its detection and identification, such as nucleic acid amplification tests. although the genome of this bacterium has not yet been sequenced, a toxin named rtx has been identified. the goal of this study was to develop sensitive, specific, and rapid molecular methods based on the rtxa toxin gene s ... | 2011 | 21248099 |
| imaging findings in human bordetella bronchiseptica pneumonia. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a gram-negative coccobacillus, which causes respiratory infection in dogs, rabbits, and pigs, and is rarely a human pulmonary pathogen. we present 2 immunocompromised patients diagnosed with b. bronchiseptica pneumonia. to our knowledge, these are the first reports of this disease in patients with b-cell lymphoma and an orthotopic cardiac transplant. in this report, we briefly discuss the epidemiology, microbiology, and challenges in the laboratory identification of ... | 2011 | 21263355 |
| a d-peptide analog of the second extracellular loop of claudin-3 and -4 leads to mislocalized claudin and cellular apoptosis in mammary epithelial cells. | claudins are cell adhesion proteins thought to mediate cell-cell contacts at the tight junction. although a major role of claudins is to control paracellular diffusion, increasing evidence suggests that they may also function in tumor progression. to examine the role of the second extracellular loop in cell adhesion, a small peptide was designed, which mimics a conserved sequence, dfynp, within specific 'classic' claudin subtypes. using fluorescent indicators with mammary epithelial cells, treat ... | 2011 | 21266016 |
| the mobm relaxase domain of plasmid pmv158: thermal stability and activity upon mn2+ and specific dna binding. | protein mobm, the relaxase involved in conjugative transfer of the streptococcal plasmid pmv158, is the prototype of the mob(v) superfamily of relaxases. to characterize the dna-binding and nicking domain of mobm, a truncated version of the protein (mobmn199) encompassing its n-terminal region was designed and the protein was purified. mobmn199 was monomeric in contrast to the dimeric form of the full-length protein, but it kept its nicking activity on pmv158 dna. the optimal relaxase activity w ... | 2011 | 21296755 |
| two novel classes of enzymes are required for the biosynthesis of aurofusarin in fusarium graminearum. | previous studies have reported the functional characterization of 9 out of 11 genes found in the gene cluster responsible for biosynthesis of the polyketide pigment aurofusarin in fusarium graminearum. here we reanalyze the function of a putative aurofusarin pump (aurt) and the two remaining orphan genes, aurz and aurs. targeted gene replacement of aurz resulted in the discovery that the compound ywa1, rather than nor-rubrofusarin, is the primary product of f. graminearum polyketide synthase 12 ... | 2011 | 21296881 |
| structural basis for c-di-gmp-mediated inside-out signaling controlling periplasmic proteolysis. | the bacterial second messenger bis-(3'-5') cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-gmp) has emerged as a central regulator for biofilm formation. increased cellular c-di-gmp levels lead to stable cell attachment, which in pseudomonas fluorescens requires the transmembrane receptor lapd. lapd exhibits a conserved and widely used modular architecture containing a hamp domain and degenerate diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase domains. c-di-gmp binding to the lapd degenerate phosphodieste ... | 2011 | 21304926 |
| the bacterial ghost platform system: production and applications. | the bacterial ghost (bg) platform technology is an innovative system for vaccine, drug or active substance delivery and for technical applications in white biotechnology. bgs are cell envelopes derived from gram-negative bacteria. bgs are devoid of all cytoplasmic content but have a preserved cellular morphology including all cell surface structures. using bgs as delivery vehicles for subunit or dna-vaccines the particle structure and surface properties of bgs are targeting the carrier itself to ... | 2010 | 21326832 |
| extracellular dna is essential for maintaining bordetella biofilm integrity on abiotic surfaces and in the upper respiratory tract of mice. | bacteria form complex and highly elaborate surface adherent communities known as biofilms which are held together by a self-produced extracellular matrix. we have previously shown that by adopting a biofilm mode of existence in vivo, the gram negative bacterial pathogens bordetella bronchiseptica and bordetella pertussis are able to efficiently colonize and persist in the mammalian respiratory tract. in general, the bacterial biofilm matrix includes polysaccharides, proteins and extracellular dn ... | 2011 | 21347299 |
| evolution of the oligopeptide transporter family. | the oligopeptide transporter (opt) family of peptide and iron-siderophore transporters includes members from both prokaryotes and eukaryotes but with restricted distribution in the latter domain. eukaryotic members were found only in fungi and plants with a single slime mold homologue clustering with the fungal proteins. all functionally characterized eukaryotic peptide transporters segregate from the known iron-siderophore transporters on a phylogenetic tree. prokaryotic members are widespread, ... | 2011 | 21347612 |
| infections and immunodeficiency in down syndrome. | down syndrome (ds) is the most common genetic disease and presents with cognitive impairment, cardiac and gastrointestinal abnormalities, in addition to other miscellaneous clinical conditions. ds individuals may have a high frequency of infections, usually of the upper respiratory tract, characterized by increased severity and prolonged course of disease, which are partially attributed to defects of the immune system. the abnormalities of the immune system associated with ds include: mild to mo ... | 2011 | 21352207 |
| acute hemorrhagic and necrotizing pneumonia, splenitis, and dermatitis in a pet rabbit caused by a novel herpesvirus (leporid herpesvirus-4). | a 1.5-year-old female rabbit (doe) was presented with a 3-day history of lethargy, anorexia, and mild facial swelling. the animal died shortly after examination and severe, acute hemorrhagic pneumonia was noted grossly. an alphaherpesvirus consistent with leporid herpesvirus-4 was isolated and characterized from this animal. this is the first confirmed report of the disease in canada. | 2010 | 21358932 |
| role of il-17a on resolution of pulmonary c. neoformans infection. | the current studies evaluated the role of interleukin (il)-17a in the induction of protective immunity against pulmonary cryptococcosis in mice. protection against pulmonary infection with c. neoformans strain h99? was associated with increased il-17a production. signaling through the ifn-? receptor (r) was required for increased il-17a production, however, a th17-type cytokine profile was not observed. neutrophils were found to be the predominant leukocytic source of il-17a, rather than t cells ... | 2011 | 21359196 |
| oligosaccharide conjugates of bordetella pertussis and bronchiseptica induce bactericidal antibodies, an addition to pertussis vaccine. | pertussis is a highly contagious respiratory disease that is especially dangerous for infants and children. despite mass vaccination, reported pertussis cases have increased in the united states and other parts of the world, probably because of increased awareness, improved diagnostic means, and waning vaccine-induced immunity among adolescents and adults. licensed vaccines do not kill the organism directly; the addition of a component inducing bactericidal antibodies would improve vaccine effic ... | 2011 | 21367691 |
| epidemiological characteristics of pulmonary pneumocystosis and concurrent infections in pigs in jeju island, korea. | epidemiological characteristics of swine pulmonary pneumocystis (p.) carinii and concurrent infections were surveyed on jeju island, korea, within a designated period in 172 pigs submitted from 54 farms to the department of veterinary medicine, jeju national university. the submitted cases were evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, pcr/rt-pcr, and bacteriology. p. carinii infection was confirmed in 39 (22.7%) of the 172 pigs. histopathologically, the lungs had moderate to severe lym ... | 2011 | 21368558 |
| modulation of nf-κb signalling by microbial pathogens. | the nuclear factor-κb (nf-κb) family of transcription factors plays a central part in the host response to infection by microbial pathogens, by orchestrating the innate and acquired host immune responses. the nf-κb proteins are activated by diverse signalling pathways that originate from many different cellular receptors and sensors. many successful pathogens have acquired sophisticated mechanisms to regulate the nf-κb signalling pathways by deploying subversive proteins or hijacking the host si ... | 2011 | 21383764 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis is a suitable tool for differentiation of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains without cultivation. | an assay based on multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis allowed differentiating and studying diversity and persistence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae strains in pig herds without prior cultivation. the test had a discriminatory index of >0.99 and was applied reliably to porcine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and tracheal swabs. | 2011 | 21389157 |
| penetration of oxytetracycline into the nasal secretions and relationship between nasal secretions and plasma oxytetracycline concentrations after oral and intramuscular administration in healthy pigs. | the penetration of oxytetracycline (otc) in plasma and nasal secretions of healthy pigs was evaluated during the first study, in response to oral dose of 20ôçâmg of otc per kg of body weight (bwt) per day as a 400ôçâmg/kg feed medication (nôçâ=ôçâ5) and to intramuscular (i.m.)-administered formulations at 10ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5), 20ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5), 40ôçâmg/kg bwt (nôçâ=ôçâ5). concentrations of otc in plasma and nasal secretions were determined by a validated ultra-high performance li ... | 2011 | 21395609 |
| a new small molecule specifically inhibits the cariogenic bacterium streptococcus mutans in multispecies biofilms. | streptococcus mutans is a major cariogenic bacterium. it has adapted to the biofilm lifestyle, which is essential for pathogenesis of dental caries. we aimed to identify small molecules that can inhibit cariogenic s. mutans and to discover lead structures that could give rise to therapeutics for dental caries. in this study, we screened a focused small-molecule library of 506 compounds. eight small molecules which inhibited s. mutans at a concentration of 4 µm or less but did not affect cell gro ... | 2011 | 21402858 |
| filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri): two case reports and a review of canid infections in north america. | infections of domesticated dogs by a worldwide parasitic nematode filaroides osleri (oslerus osleri) lead to verminous tracheobronchitis that are often misdiagnosed clinically as kennel cough, due to infection with the bacterium bordetella bronchiseptica. diagnosis of two canine cases in wyoming, usa prompted a search of the literature of canid infections in north america. infections of domestic dogs are reported in nine us states and four canadian provinces. dogs of multiple breeds and both sex ... | 2011 | 21411228 |
| genetic therapies for cystic fibrosis lung disease. | the aim of gene therapy for cystic fibrosis (cf) lung disease is to efficiently and safely express the cf transmembrane conductance regulator (cftr) in the appropriate pulmonary cell types. although cf patients experience multi-organ disease, the chronic bacterial lung infections and associated inflammation are the primary cause of shortened life expectancy. gene transfer-based therapeutic approaches are feasible, in part, because the airway epithelium is directly accessible by aerosol delivery ... | 2011 | 21422098 |
| the homogentisate and homoprotocatechuate central pathways are involved in 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation by burkholderia xenovorans lb400. | genome characterization of the model pcb-degrading bacterium burkholderia xenovorans lb400 revealed the presence of eleven central pathways for aromatic compounds degradation, among them, the homogentisate and the homoprotocatechuate pathways. however, the functionality of these central pathways in strain lb400 has not been assessed and related peripheral pathways has not been described. | 2011 | 21423751 |
| differential expression of type iii effector btea protein due to is481 insertion in bordetella pertussis. | bordetella pertussis is the primary etiologic agent of the disease pertussis. universal immunization programs have contributed to a significant reduction in morbidity and mortality of pertussis; however, incidence of the disease, especially in adolescents and adults, has increased in several countries despite high vaccination coverage. during the last three decades, strains of bordetella pertussis in circulation have shifted from the vaccine-type to the nonvaccine-type in many countries. a compa ... | 2011 | 21423776 |
| genomes of the most dangerous epidemic bacteria have a virulence repertoire characterized by fewer genes but more toxin-antitoxin modules. | we conducted a comparative genomic study based on a neutral approach to identify genome specificities associated with the virulence capacity of pathogenic bacteria. we also determined whether virulence is dictated by rules, or if it is the result of individual evolutionary histories. we systematically compared the genomes of the 12 most dangerous pandemic bacteria for humans ("bad bugs") to their closest non-epidemic related species ("controls"). | 2011 | 21437250 |
| structural modifications occurring in lipid a of bordetella bronchiseptica clinical isolates as demonstrated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | bordetella bronchiseptica is a respiratory pathogen in mammal species and its cell surface lipopolysaccharide-endotoxin is a potent virulence factor. in order to better characterize the endotoxin structure to virulence relationships, we studied the lipid a structures of b. bronchiseptica isolates from human and rabbit origins as a function of their virulence phases. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) has been widely used for the structural ... | 2011 | 21452385 |
| sphaeranthus indicus linn.: a phytopharmacological review. | sphaeranthus indicus linn. (asteraceae) is widely used in ayurvedic system of medicine to treat vitiated conditions of epilepsy, mental illness, hemicrania, jaundice, hepatopathy, diabetes, leprosy, fever, pectoralgia, cough, gastropathy, hernia, hemorrhoids, helminthiasis, dyspepsia and skin diseases. there are reports providing scientific evidences for hypotensive, anxiolytic, neuroleptic, hypolipidemic, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, bronchodialatory, antihyperglycemic and ... | 2010 | 21455454 |
| exposure to infectious agents in dogs in remote coastal british columbia: possible sentinels of diseases in wildlife and humans. | ranked among the top threats to conservation worldwide, infectious disease is of particular concern for wild canids because domestic dogs (canis familiaris) may serve as sources and reservoirs of infection. on british columbia's largely undeveloped but rapidly changing central and north coasts, little is known about diseases in wolves (canis lupus) or other wildlife. however, several threats exist for transfer of diseases among unvaccinated dogs and wolves. to gain baseline data on infectious ag ... | 2011 | 21461190 |
| the bordetella avium bav1965-1962 fimbrial locus is regulated by temperature and produces fimbriae involved in adherence to turkey tracheal tissue. | bordetella pertussis, bordetella parapertussis, and bordetella bronchiseptica cause respiratory tract disease in mammals, whereas bordetella avium causes respiratory tract disease in avian hosts. while there are striking similarities between the diseases caused by the mammalian- and avian-adapted bordetellae, differences at the genetic level may account for their different host tropisms. bacterial pathogens utilize the chaperone-usher pathway to assemble extracellular multisubunit structures (fi ... | 2011 | 21464081 |
| studies on prn variation in the mouse model and comparison with epidemiological data. | the virulence factor pertactin (prn) is a component of pertussis vaccines and one of the most polymorphic bordetella pertussis antigens. after the introduction of vaccination shifts in predominant prn types were observed and strains with the prn vaccine type (prn1) were replaced by strains carrying non-vaccine types (prn2 and prn3), suggesting vaccine-driven selection. the aim of this study was to elucidate the shifts observed in prn variants. we show that, although prn2 and prn3 circulated in s ... | 2011 | 21464955 |
| application of taqman low-density arrays for simultaneous detection of multiple respiratory pathogens. | the large and growing number of viral and bacterial pathogens responsible for respiratory infections poses a challenge for laboratories seeking to provide rapid and comprehensive pathogen identification. we evaluated a novel application of the taqman low-density array (tlda) cards for real-time pcr detection of 21 respiratory-pathogen targets. the performance of the tlda was compared to that of individual real-time pcr (irtp) assays with the same primers and probes using (i) nucleic acids extrac ... | 2011 | 21471348 |
| xerr, a negative regulator of xccr in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, relieves its repressor function in planta. | we previously reported that xccr, a luxr-type regulator of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (xcc), activates the downstream proline iminopeptidase virulence gene (pip) in response to certain host plant factor(s). in this report, we further show that the expression of the xccr gene was repressed in the culture medium by an ntrc-type response regulator, which we named xerr (xccr expression-related, repressor), and that this repression was relieved when the bacteria were grown in planta. such ... | 2011 | 21483448 |
| influence of a pig respiratory disease on the pharmacokinetic behaviour of amoxicillin after oral ad libitum administration in medicated feed. | the pharmacokinetic properties of amoxicillin in healthy and respiratory-diseased pigs were studied, after ad libitum administration of medicated feed. in addition, amoxicillin dose linearity and drug penetration into respiratory tract tissues were evaluated in diseased animals. the respiratory disease involves porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus and bacterial agents such as pasteurella multocida, bordetella bronchiseptica and streptococcus suis. typical clinical signs and gross ... | 2011 | 21492192 |
| bioinformatic characterization of the trimeric intracellular cation-specific channel protein family. | trimeric intracellular cation-specific (tric) channels are integral to muscle excitation-contraction coupling. tric channels provide counter-ionic flux when calcium is rapidly transported from intracellular stores to the cell cytoplasm. until recently, knowledge of the presence of these proteins was limited to animals. we analyzed the tric family and identified a profusion of prokaryotic family members with topologies and motifs similar to those of their eukaryotic counterparts. prokaryotic memb ... | 2011 | 21519847 |
| nmr structure of the bordetella bronchiseptica protein np_888769.1 establishes a new phage-related protein family pf13554. | the solution structure of the hypothetical phage-related protein np_888769.1 from the gram-negative bacterium bordetella bronchoseptica contains a well-structured core comprising a five-stranded, antiparallel β-sheet packed on one side against two α-helices and a short β-hairpin with three flexibly disordered loops extending from the central β-sheet. a homology search with the software dali identified two protein data bank deposits with z-scores > 8, where both of these proteins have less than 8 ... | 2011 | 21520320 |
| detection of small rnas in bordetella pertussis and identification of a novel repeated genetic element. | abstract: | 2011 | 21524285 |
| effects of short-term fasting in male sprague-dawley rats. | fasting is a common procedure for animals in experiments. although fasting may be necessary for scientific reasons, it should be minimized. in the current study, jugular-catheterized male sprague-dawley rats in metabolism cages were fasted for 0 to 24 h before measurement of various physiologic markers (serum chemistry, cbc analysis, serum corticosterone). when controlled for cohort, rats fasted for 6 and 16 h had significantly lower serum glucose than did nonfasted rats. other values did not di ... | 2011 | 21535924 |
| iron-regulated lysis of recombinant escherichia coli in host to release protective antigen and confer biological containment. | recombinant bacterial vector vaccine is an attractive vaccination strategy to induce immune response to a carried protective antigen. the superiorities of live bacterial vectors include mimicry of a natural infection, intrinsic adjuvant properties and the potential for administration by mucosal routes. escherichia coli is a simple and efficient vector system for production of exogenous proteins. in addition, many strains are nonpathogenic and avirulent making it a good candidate for use in recom ... | 2011 | 21536797 |
| modulation of human {beta}-defensin-1 (hbd-1) in plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pdc), monocytes, and epithelial cells by influenza virus, herpes simplex virus, and sendai virus and its possible role in innate immunity. | hbd comprise a family of antimicrobial peptides that plays a role in bridging the innate and adaptive immune responses to infection. the expression of hbd-2 increases upon stimulation of numerous cell types with lps and proinflammatory cytokines. in contrast, hbd-1 remains constitutively expressed in most cells in spite of cytokine or lps stimulation; however, its presence in human pdc suggests it plays a role in viral host defense. to examine this, we characterized the expression of hbd-1 in in ... | 2011 | 21551252 |