Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| enhanced discrimination of african swine fever virus isolates through nucleotide sequencing of the p54, p72, and pb602l (cvr) genes. | complete sequencing of p54-gene from 67 european, american, and west and east african swine fever virus (asfv) isolates revealed that west african and european asfv isolates classified within the predominant genotype i according to partial sequencing of p72 were discriminated into four major sub-types on the basis of their p54 sequences. this highlighted the value of p54 gene sequencing as an additional, intermediate-resolution, molecular epidemiological tool for typing of asfv viruses. we furth ... | 2009 | 19009341 |
| expression, cellular localization and antibody responses of the african swine fever virus genes b602l and k205r. | previously, we identified serological immunodeterminants of african swine fever virus (asfv), including pk205r and pb602l, without homologues in the database. pk205r is expressed as a 33-kd protein from 4 h post-infection onward, initially diffusely distributed throughout cells, and subsequently in viral factories. pk205r was not found in purified virus. both pk205r and pb602l are recognised by hyperimmune antisera from domestic pigs and bushpigs at late time points after infection, suggesting t ... | 2008 | 19011730 |
| quantification of classical swine fever virus in aerosols originating from pigs infected with strains of high, moderate or low virulence. | during epidemics of classical swine fever (csf), the route of virus introduction into a farm is often unclear. one of the suggested routes is via the air. under experimental conditions, airborne transmission over a short distance seems possible, but analysis of outbreak data is still inconclusive. for a better understanding of the role of airborne transmission, quantitative information is needed on concentrations of virus emitted by infected pigs. this was studied in four groups of 10 pigs in wh ... | 2009 | 19013029 |
| dendritic cells--at the front-line of pathogen attack. | efficient immune defence function is dependent on the role played by dendritic cells (dcs), particularly the interaction between conventional dc (cdc) and plasmacytoid dc (pdc), together with other monocytic cells. this functionality of immune defences is open to manipulation by viral pathogens infecting dc, a situation further complicated by the diversity of mechanisms employed by different viruses and the subset of dc involved. the present review uses two virus examples--classical swine fever ... | 2009 | 19036457 |
| development and evaluation of a rapid immunomagnetic bead assay for the detection of classical swine fever virus antigen. | classical swine fever (csf) is a highly contagious and severe viral disease of swine resulting in substantial production losses in different farming systems in many regions of the world. the accurate and rapid detection of csf outbreaks is reliant on sensitive and specific laboratory testing and is a key component of disease control. specific detection of csf virus can be achieved by virus isolation in tissue culture, antigen capture or the detection of viral rna using molecular techniques. in o ... | 2009 | 19043796 |
| antiviral activity of lauryl gallate against animal viruses. | antiviral compounds are needed in the control of many animal and human diseases. | 2008 | 19043925 |
| african swine fever virus isolate, georgia, 2007. | african swine fever (asf) is widespread in africa but is rarely introduced to other continents. in june 2007, asf was confirmed in the caucasus region of georgia, and it has since spread to neighboring countries. dna fragments amplified from the genome of the isolates from domestic pigs in georgia in 2007 were sequenced and compared with other asf virus (asfv) isolates to establish the genotype of the virus. sequences were obtained from 4 genome regions, including part of the gene b646l that enc ... | 2008 | 19046509 |
| development of a live attenuated antigenic marker classical swine fever vaccine. | until recently strategies for controlling classical swine fever virus (csfv) involve either prophylactic vaccination or non-vaccination with elimination of infected herds depending on the epidemiological situation of the affected geographical area. marker vaccines allowing distinction between naturally infected from vaccinated swine could complement "stamping out" measures. here we developed a double antigenic marker live attenuated csfv strain flagt4v obtained by combining two genetic determina ... | 2009 | 19046591 |
| [preparation and characteristics of monoclonal antibodies to protein e2 (gp55) of classical hog cholera virus]. | twenty-eight hybridomas producing monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to proteins of classical swine virus (csfv) were obtained by fusion of as2/0 murine myeloma cells with splenocytes of balb/c mice. the recombinant e2 glycoprotein of csfv and the gradient-purified csfv strain shimen were used as an antigen for immunization. twenty-four hybridomas produced mabs of class igg and four hybridomas did mabs of class igm. all mabs were specific for e2 protein of csfv. competitive enzyme immunoassay showed t ... | 2008 | 19069792 |
| n-glycosylation pattern of e2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus. | the extracellular domain of e2 glycoprotein outer surface of the classical swine fever virus was expressed in epithelial kidney pig cells. the n-glycosylation determined by combination of normal phase-hplc, weak anion exchange-hplc, exoglycosidase digestions and mass spectrometry revealed a complex mixture of neutral and monosialylated multiantennary n-glycans with variable number of alpha1-3-gal-gal antennae terminals. the most abundant neutral n-glycan has a composition of hex(7)hexnac(4)dhex( ... | 2009 | 19093875 |
| thermal stress treatment does not affect the stability and protective capacity of goat milk derived e2-marker vaccine formulation against csfv. | classical swine fever virus produces a huge mortality in infected herds during recurrent outbreaks, predominantly in tropical and subtropical areas. in this scenario, it is common that cold-chain related issues affect the efficacy of virus attenuated-derived vaccines, which are frequently used in eradication programs. in the present work, the stability and protective capacity of a recombinant vaccine preparation, based on goat milk derived e2 glycoprotein extracellular domain, were both analyzed ... | 2009 | 19100629 |
| rapid pre-clinical detection of classical swine fever by reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification. | the usefulness of reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) for rapid pre-clinical detection of classical swine fever virus (csfv) infection was evaluated. the rt-lamp reaction could be finished in 60 min under isothermal condition at 65 degrees c by employing a set of four primers targeting the 5' untranslated region of csfv. the rt-lamp assay of csfv showed higher sensitivities than that of rt-pcr, with a detection limit of 5 copies per reaction. no cross-reactivit ... | 2009 | 19103283 |
| inhibition of a large double-stranded dna virus by mxa protein. | increasing evidence points to the importance of the interferon (ifn) response in determining the host range and virulence of african swine fever virus (asfv). infection with attenuated strains of asfv leads to the upregulation of genes controlled by ifn pathways, including myxovirus resistance (mx) genes that are potent effectors of the antiviral state. mx gene products are known to inhibit the replication of many negative-sense single-stranded rna viruses, as well as double-stranded rna viruses ... | 2009 | 19109387 |
| seroprevalence and risk factors for the presence of ruminant pestiviruses in the dutch swine population. | swine can be infected with classical swine fever virus (csfv), as well as ruminant pestiviruses: bovine viral diarrhoea virus (bvdv), and border disease virus (bdv). cross-reactions between pestiviruses occur, both regarding protective immunity and in diagnostic tests. the presence of bvdv and bdv in a swine population may thus affect the transmission of csfv, but also the diagnosis of a csfv infection. in this study, the seroprevalence against bvdv and bdv in two categories of swine, sows and f ... | 2009 | 19128896 |
| simultaneous detection of porcine circovirus type 2, classical swine fever virus, porcine parvovirus and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus in pigs by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was designed for the simultaneous detection of four viruses involved in reproductive and respiratory failure in pigs: porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2), porcine parvovirus (ppv), classical swine fever virus (csfv) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). each of the four pairs of oligonucleotide primers exclusively amplified the targeted fragment of the specific viruses. the sensitivity of the multiplex pcr using purified plasmi ... | 2010 | 19131259 |
| effects of a modified live csfv vaccine on the development of pmws in pigs infected experimentally with pcv-2. | the objective of this study was to determine the effect of vaccination against classical swine fever virus (csfv) on the development of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (pmws) in conventional pigs infected experimentally with porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv-2). the pigs infected with pcv-2 and immunised with modified live csfv developed mild to moderate pmws, whereas none of the pigs infected with pcv-2 alone or immunised with modified live csfv alone developed pmws. lesions histologica ... | 2009 | 19136684 |
| deciphering dorin m glycosylation by mass spectrometry. | the soft tick, ornithodoros moubata, is a vector of several bacterial and viral pathogens including borrelia duttoni, a causative agent of relapsing fever and african swine fever virus. previously, a sialic acid-specific lectin dorin m was isolated from its hemolymph. here, we report on the complete characterization of the primary sequence of dorin m. using liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified three different glycopeptides in the tryptic digest of dorin m. the peptid ... | 2008 | 19136723 |
| [immune responses induced by the suicidal dna vaccines co-expressing the gp5 protein of prrsv and the e2 protein of csfv in mice]. | six recombinant plasmids co-expressing the wild-type gp5 gene or the codon-optimized gp5 gene (containing pan-dr epitope) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) and the e2 gene of classical swine fever virus (csfv) or the e2 fused with the ul49 of pseudorabies virus (prv) were constructed based on the suicidal dna vaccine psfv1cs-e2 described previously. expression of gp5 and e2 was confirmed by indirect immunofluorescence assay. the immunogenicity of six plasmids was eva ... | 2008 | 19149182 |
| [generation and immunogenicity of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus in rabbits]. | classical swine fever (csf), which is caused by classical swine fever virus (csfv), causes significant losses in pig industry in many countries in asia and europe. the e2 glycoprotein of csfv is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. in this study, a recombinant replication-defective human adenovirus expressing the csfv e2 gene (radv-e2) was generated and evaluated for the immunogenicity in rabbits. the results showed that the rabbits immunized with radv-e2 developed high-level csfv-specif ... | 2008 | 19149185 |
| assessment of the cell-mediated immunity induced by alphavirus replicon-vectored dna vaccines against classical swine fever in a mouse model. | we have previously shown that an alphavirus replicon-vectored dna vaccine (psfv1cs-e2) encoding the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) completely protected the immunized pigs from lethal challenge. these animals developed only low or moderate level viral-specific antibody titers before challenge, implying that cell-mediated immunity (cmi) probably played an important role in the protective immunity against csfv conferred by the dna vaccine. in this study, the cmi induced by ps ... | 2009 | 19150136 |
| phylogeny, classification and evolutionary insights into pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus comprises four established species: bovine viral diarrhoea viruses 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv); and a tentative species, pestivirus of giraffe. additional pestiviruses have been identified and suggested for recognition as novel subgroups/species. to achieve a reliable phylogeny as the basis for classification of pestiviruses, a molecular dataset of 56 pestiviruses and 2089 characters, comprising the 5'utr, com ... | 2009 | 19167739 |
| characterization of classical swine fever virus (csfv) nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) helicase activity and its modulation by csfv rna-dependent rna polymerase. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) nonstructural protein 3 (ns3) is believed to possess three enzyme activities that are likely to be essential for virus replication: a serine protease located in the n-terminus and ntpase as well as helicase activities located in the c-terminus. in this report, we expressed ns3 helicase domain (ns3h) in e. coli and characterized its helicase activity. the ns3h helicase activity was dependent on the presence of ntp and divalent cations, with a preference for atp ... | 2009 | 19185595 |
| alteration of the n-linked glycosylation condition in e1 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus strain brescia alters virulence in swine. | e1, along with e(rns) and e2 is one of the three envelope glycoproteins of classical swine fever virus (csfv). previously we showed that glycosylation status of virulent csfv strain brescia e2 or e(rns) affects virus virulence. here, the three putative glycosylation sites of e1 were serially removed by means of site directed mutagenesis of a csfv brescia infectious clone (bicv) and their effect on virulence assessed in swine. removal of all three putative glycosylation sites in e1, at csfv posit ... | 2009 | 19203774 |
| african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv) is a large, intracytoplasmically-replicating dna arbovirus and the sole member of the family asfarviridae. it is the etiologic agent of a highly lethal hemorrhagic disease of domestic swine and therefore extensively studied to elucidate the structures, genes, and mechanisms affecting viral replication in the host, virus-host interactions, and viral virulence. increasingly apparent is the complexity with which asfv replicates and interacts with the host cell durin ... | 2009 | 19216435 |
| [establishment and identification of classical swine fever virus (csfv) capsid targeted nuclease expression system]. | one pair of primers was designed based on the sequence encoding capsid protein c of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the c gene fragment was amplified by rt-pcr and pcr products were inserted into eukaryotic expression vector pcdna-sn containing staphylococcal nuclease (sn) gene resulting in recombinant plasmid pcdna-c-sn. 48h after transfection of the recombinant into porcine kidney (pk)-15 cells using liposome, the expression of fusion protein was identified through rt-pcr, western blot and ... | 2008 | 19226954 |
| [expression profiles of apoptotic genes of pig peripheral blood leukocytes caused by classical swine fever virus infection]. | classical swine fever (csf) is a contagious swine disease charactered by hemorrhagic fever and leukopenia,usually leading to substantial economic losses. to obtain a insight of leucopenia caused by csfv infection, dna microarray analyses of peripheral blood leucocytes (pbl) of the infected pigs was performed. three health pigs were inoculated with a lethal dose of csfv shimen strain and their pbls were isolated when the onset of typical clinical signs and then subjected to total rna extraction f ... | 2008 | 19226955 |
| a stochastic model to quantify the risk of introduction of classical swine fever virus through import of domestic and wild boars. | classical swine fever (csf) is a disease of pigs that imposes major hardship on the industry of infected regions. the recent history of csf epidemics suggests that animal movements remain the main source of csf virus (csfv) infection for susceptible populations in europe. this study presents an assessment of the risk of introducing csfv into spain through the importation of live susceptible animals. results suggest that, if prevailing conditions persist, introduction of csfv into spain is likely ... | 2009 | 19243649 |
| [the netherlands is ready to fight classical swine fever through vaccination]. | 2009 | 19256216 | |
| genomic expression profiling of peripheral blood leukocytes of pigs infected with highly virulent classical swine fever virus strain shimen. | classical swine fever (csf), caused by a virus of the same name (csfv), is a highly contagious swine pyrexic disease featuring extensive haemorrhagic lesions and leukopenia, but little is known about the molecular mechanisms of its pathogenesis. to gain insight into the interaction between the virus and host cells, microarray analyses were performed to detect alterations in genomic expression of pig peripheral blood leukocytes (pbls) following csfv infection. three healthy pigs were inoculated w ... | 2009 | 19264604 |
| proof of concept for the reduction of classical swine fever infection in pigs by a novel viral polymerase inhibitor. | 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip) is a representative of a class of imidazopyridines with potent in vitro antiviral activity against pestiviruses including classical swine fever virus (csfv). this study analysed whether the lead compound, bpip, was able to reduce virus replication in infected piglets. the compound, administered in feed, was readily bioavailable and was well tolerated. eight specific-pathogen-free pigs received a daily dose of 75 mg kg(-1) (mixed ... | 2009 | 19264669 |
| mutation of cysteine 171 of pestivirus e rns rnase prevents homodimer formation and leads to attenuation of classical swine fever virus. | pestiviruses represent important pathogens of farm animals that have evolved unique strategies and functions to stay within their host populations. e(rns), a structural glycoprotein of pestiviruses, exhibits rnase activity and represents a virulence factor of the viruses. e(rns) forms disulfide linked homodimers that are found in virions and virus-infected cells. mutation or deletion of cysteine 171, the residue engaged in intermolecular disulfide bond formation, results in loss of dimerization ... | 2009 | 19264773 |
| real-time pcr to detect and analyze virulent ppv loads in artificially challenged sows and their fetuses. | to establish a real-time polymerase chain reaction with sybr green for detection and quantification of porcine parvovirus (ppv) in porcine tissues, two primers specific for the non-structural protein 1 gene were designed. the detection limit of this assay was 3-23 gene copies/reaction, equivalent to 0.001 tcid(50)/ml. the assay was linear over a 10(6) dilution range of template concentrations. other porcine pathogens involved in reproductive disorders (porcine circovirus 2, porcine reproductive ... | 2009 | 19345523 |
| proteomic alteration of pk-15 cells after infection by classical swine fever virus. | viral infections usually result in alterations in the host cell proteome which determine the fate of the infected cells and the progress of pathogenesis. to uncover cellular protein responses in classical swine fever virus-infected pk-15 cells, a proteomic analysis was conducted using 2d page followed by maldi-tof-ms/ms identification. altered expression of 35 protein spots in infected cells at 48 h p.i. were identified in 2d gels, with 21 of these being characterized by maldi-tof-ms/ms, includi ... | 2008 | 19367723 |
| [biodegradable microcapsules containing dna for the new dna vaccine design]. | a general method for the preparation of biodegradable microcapsules capable of antigen inclusion is suggested. multilayer microcapsules were obtained by the method of level-by-level sorption of various polyelectrolytes (alginate, poly-l-lysine, kappa-carrageenan, and chitosan and dextran derivatives). high inclusion efficiency was found for protein and plasmid dna (no less than 90%). a series of microcapsules with included ptkshi plasmid that incorporated a genome site encoding the e(2) polypept ... | 2009 | 19377529 |
| epitope mapping using phage-display random fragment libraries. | phage-display has become a method of choice for epitope mapping and has been successfully used in numerous published studies. although the inaugural studies were all done with random peptide libraries (see chapter "epitope mapping using phage display peptide libraries"), gene- or genome-targeted random fragment libraries have proven to be a more effective epitope mapping approach for some antibodies. in this chapter, we describe the mapping of linear and conformational epitopes of the major afri ... | 2009 | 19377955 |
| characterization of porcine mmp-2 and its association with immune traits. | matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2) plays important roles in inflammation and immunity besides its basic role in degrading and remodelling extracellular matrix (ecm). the expression of mmp-2 is up-regulated in many human as well as animal models of inflammatory and immune diseases. in this study, we cloned the 5'-upstream sequence, 3'-downstream sequence as well as other missed genomic sequences of porcine mmp-2, the genomic structure and the promotor sequence were analyzed and found to share hig ... | 2009 | 19393189 |
| feral swine contact with domestic swine: a serologic survey and assessment of potential for disease transmission. | feral swine (sus scrofa) are present in 38 of the 50 united states, and their populations continue to expand. domestic swine are widely regarded as vulnerable to diseases harbored by feral swine. our objectives were to determine antibody prevalence for selected pathogens in texas feral swine populations and identify contact events between feral and domestic swine. overall prevalence of antibodies against brucellosis and pseudorabies virus was 11% and 30%, respectively. antibodies to porcine repr ... | 2009 | 19395751 |
| baculovirus surface display of ns3 nonstructural protein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) causes significant losses in the pig industry in many countries. ns3 proteins of csfv, which include serine protease and rna helicase/nucleotide triphosphatase (ntpase) activities, are multifunctional proteins involved in polyprotein processing and viral replication. previous reports showed that ns3 protein can induce apoptosis in host cells that present cytopathic effects (cpe). baculovirus/insect cell systems are used widely for recombinant protein production ... | 2009 | 19406162 |
| development of a primer-probe energy transfer real-time pcr assay for improved detection of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) is a contagious and devastating disease, causing serious losses in the pig industry worldwide. vaccination of pigs with the conventional c-strain vaccine has been practised in different regions of the world in order to prevent the disease. in the control programmes of csf, rapid detection and identification of the causing agent, classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a crucial step. this study describes a novel real-time pcr assay based on primer-probe energy transfer ... | 2009 | 19406164 |
| prime-boost immunization using alphavirus replicon and adenovirus vectored vaccines induces enhanced immune responses against classical swine fever virus in mice. | this study was designed to evaluate the prime-boost vaccination regimens as a novel immunization strategy for dna vaccine against classical swine fever virus (csfv). balb/c mice were primed with the alphavirus replicon-vectored dna vaccine psfv1cs-e2-ul49 encoding the e2 protein of csfv fused with the ul49 gene encoding the transduction protein vp22 of pseudorabies virus, followed by either homologous boosting with psfv1cs-e2-ul49 or heterologous boosting with the recombinant adenovirus radv-e2 ... | 2009 | 19411115 |
| development of a reverse transcription multiplex real-time pcr for the detection and genotyping of classical swine fever virus. | a reverse transcription multiplex real-time pcr (rt-mrt-pcr) was developed for rapid detection and genotyping of classical swine fever virus (csfv). the universal primers and specific taqman probes for each of the three genotypes, genotypes 1, 2, and 3, were designed within the 3'-utr of the csfv. non-csfv swine virus and clinical samples from specific pathogen-free (spf) pigs were both demonstrated to be csfv-negative by rt-mrt-pcr. the diagnostic sensitivity of rt-mrt-pcr was determined to be ... | 2009 | 19414034 |
| modulation of the structure, catalytic activity, and fidelity of african swine fever virus dna polymerase x by a reversible disulfide switch. | african swine fever virus polymerase x (pol x) is the smallest dna polymerase known (174 amino acids), and its tertiary structure resembles the c-terminal half of prototypical x-family pol beta, which includes a catalytic dntp-binding site (palm domain) and a finger domain. this structural similarity and the presence of viral genes coding for other base excision repair proteins suggest that pol x functions in a manner similar to pol beta, but inconsistencies concerning pol x catalysis have been ... | 2009 | 19419958 |
| differentiation of c-strain "riems" or cp7_e2alf vaccinated animals from animals infected by classical swine fever virus field strains using real-time rt-pcr. | classical swine fever (csf) is one of the most important diseases of pigs. although prophylactic vaccination is banned within the european union, emergency vaccination, allowing differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals, is an option for disease control. up to now, these strategies are based on antibody detection. in this context, conventional modified live vaccines are not suitable. a promising perspective could be genetic differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals where fiel ... | 2009 | 19428579 |
| antigenic differentiation of classical swine fever viruses in china by monoclonal antibodies. | the phylogenetic diversity of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in china has been extensively studied previously, with the report of the classification of chinese csfvs into four subgroups within two of the established genotypes, but the antigenic differences amongst chinese csf viruses still remain unknown. to address this issue, 21 csfv field strains isolated in china between 1996 and 2006 were grown in cell culture and characterized in comparison with two chinese reference strains: a virulen ... | 2009 | 19428750 |
| mucosal or systemic administration of re2 glycoprotein antigen loaded plga microspheres. | we have evaluated the ability of recombinant e2 antigen, as a surfactant free formulation of poly (d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (plga) microspheres, to elicit a systemic immune response after administration by mucosal routes (oral and nasal) in comparison to intramuscular route. the sequence encoding a truncated e2 glycoprotein of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) was expressed in insect cells following infection with recombinant baculovirus, as a his-tagged recombinant antigen. the recombinan ... | 2009 | 19429284 |
| candidate vaccine focused on a classical swine fever virus epitope induced antibodies with neutralizing activity. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease for which many researchers are endeavoring to develop safe and efficient vaccines. an amino acid sequence, tavspttlr, residing in glycoprotein e2, was identified as a highly conserved neutralizing epitope. this epitope was demonstrated to have the capacity of inducing neutralizing antibodies, and the sequences flanking it may contribute to the production of functional humoral immune responses. one interesting question is whether such a s ... | 2009 | 19435417 |
| comparing the epidemiological and economic effects of control strategies against classical swine fever in denmark. | in 2006, total danish pork exports were valued at 3.8 billion euros, corresponding to approximately 5% of the total danish exports, and an outbreak of a notifiable disease would have dramatic consequences for the agricultural sector in denmark. several outbreaks of classical swine fever (csf) have occurred in europe within the last decade, and different control strategies have been suggested. the objective of this study was to simulate the epidemiological and economic consequences of such contro ... | 2009 | 19439381 |
| two real-time rt-pcr assays of classical swine fever virus, developed for the genetic differentiation of naturally infected from vaccinated wild boars. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a disease notifiable to the office international des epizooties (oie). a live marker vaccine would be the ultimate choice for controlling csf, which enables serological and genetic differentiation of vaccine from wild type csfv. recently, a marker vaccine cp7_e2alf has been reported [koenig, p., lange, e., reimann, i., beer, m., 2007. cp7_e2alf: a safe and efficient marker vaccine strain for oral immunisati ... | 2009 | 19442858 |
| meat juice as diagnostic sample for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever. | the objective of this paper was to assess if meat juice is a suitable substrate for virological and serological diagnosis of classical swine fever (csf). fifty-six domestic pigs and 21 wild boars experimentally vaccinated and/or infected as well as 129 field samples from wild boars were involved in this study. meat juice from diaphragm, forequarter and hindquarter was used for investigations. csfv and viral rna were detected in meat juice between days 5 and 21 post infection (pi). animals which ... | 2009 | 19462640 |
| african swine fever virus ap endonuclease is a redox-sensitive enzyme that repairs alkylating and oxidative damage to dna. | african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes an ap endonuclease (pe296r) which is essential for virus growth in swine macrophages. we show here that the dna repair functions of pe296r (ap endonucleolytic, 3'-->5' exonuclease, 3'-diesterase and nucleotide incision repair (nir) activities) and dna binding are inhibited by reducing agents. protein pe296r contains one intramolecular disulfide bond, whose disruption by reducing agents might perturb the interaction of the viral ap endonuclease with the dn ... | 2009 | 19464038 |
| 5-amino-2-pyridyl 1-thioglycosides in synthesis of analogs of glycosyltransferases substrates. | we present the synthesis of 1-thioglycosyl derivatives of uridine, which were designed to act as potential donor substrates for glycosyltransferases. we constructed such analogs using 5-amino-2-pyridyl 1-thioglycosides as glycosyl units which were connected to uridine via succinic linker. for preparation of the amide bonds we applied different condensation procedures. | 2009 | 19464725 |
| characterization of african swine fever virus iap homologue expression in porcine macrophages infected with different virulence isolates. | genes modulating apoptosis are encoded by many viruses and have an important role in viral evasion mechanisms. our objective was to characterize the expression of the iap homologue gene of african swine fever virus (asfv), 4-cl, during in vitro infection of porcine macrophages, the preferential target cell for viral replication. expression was compared along parallel infections by two naturally occurring asfv isolates of different virulence: highly virulent asfv/l60 (l60) and low virulent non-he ... | 2009 | 19477086 |
| first report of bvdv circulation in sheep in argentina. | pestiviruses are capable of infecting a wide range of animals within the order artyodactila. currently, the genus pestivirus includes bovine viral diarrhea virus 1 (bvdv-1) and 2 (bvdv-2), border disease virus (bdv), and classical swine fever virus (csfv). bvdv-1, bvdv-2 and bdv are able to cross species barrier to infect a wide range of hosts, whereas csfv is restricted to domestic pigs and wild boars. in argentina, 70% of cattle are seropositive to bvdv. although there were some serological st ... | 2009 | 19501923 |
| zinc binding in pestivirus n(pro) is required for interferon regulatory factor 3 interaction and degradation. | pestiviruses, such as bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus (csfv), use the viral protein n(pro) to subvert host cell antiviral responses. n(pro) is the first protein encoded by the single large open reading frame of the pestivirus positive-sense rna genome and has an autoproteolytic activity, cleaving itself off from the polyprotein. n(pro) also targets interferon regulatory factor 3 (irf3), a transcription factor for alpha/beta interferon genes, and promotes its proteasom ... | 2009 | 19540847 |
| virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates from europe and other areas during 1996 until 2007. | classical swine fever (csf) has caused several outbreaks in eu member states with grave economic consequences. several times the diagnosis of csf was made too late partially due to non-specific clinical signs which did not raise suspicion for csf. virulence of csf virus isolates (csfv) still remains a subject of discussion and speculation as sufficient knowledge is still not available. six uncharacterised csfv isolates from 1996 to 2007 were assessed in animal experiments for their clinical viru ... | 2009 | 19576704 |
| dimer interface migration in a viral sulfhydryl oxidase. | large double-stranded dna viruses, including poxviruses and mimiviruses, encode enzymes to catalyze the formation of disulfide bonds in viral proteins produced in the cell cytosol, an atypical location for oxidative protein folding. these viral disulfide catalysts belong to a family of sulfhydryl oxidases that are dimers of a small five-helix fold containing a cys-x-x-cys motif juxtaposed to a flavin adenine dinucleotide cofactor. we report that the sulfhydryl oxidase pb119l from african swine f ... | 2009 | 19576902 |
| a multiplex rt-pcr assay for the rapid and differential diagnosis of classical swine fever and other pestivirus infections. | classical swine fever is a highly contagious viral disease causing severe economic losses in pig production almost worldwide. all pestivirus species can infect pigs, therefore accurate and rapid pestivirus detection and differentiation is of great importance to assure control measures in swine farming. here we describe the development and evaluation of a novel multiplex, highly sensitive and specific rt-pcr for the simultaneous detection and rapid differentiation between csfv and other pestiviru ... | 2009 | 19577384 |
| assessing the impact of climate change on vector-borne viruses in the eu through the elicitation of expert opinion. | expert opinion was elicited to undertake a qualitative risk assessment to estimate the current and future risks to the european union (eu) from five vector-borne viruses listed by the world organization for animal health. it was predicted that climate change will increase the risk of incursions of african horse sickness virus (ahsv), crimean-congo haemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) and rift valley fever virus (rvfv) into the eu from other parts of the world, with african swine fever virus (asfv) a ... | 2010 | 19580695 |
| generation and efficacy evaluation of a recombinant adenovirus expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), which causes significant economic losses to the pig industry worldwide. the e2 glycoprotein of csfv is the main target for neutralizing antibodies. this study was aimed to develop a recombinant human adenovirus type 5 expressing the csfv e2 gene (radv-e2) and evaluate its efficacy in rabbits and pigs. the results showed that the rabbits and the pigs immunized with the radv-e2 developed high-level csfv-speci ... | 2010 | 19586646 |
| immune responses induced by a bacmam virus expressing the e2 protein of classical swine fever virus in mice. | non-replicating baculovirus-mediated gene transfer into mammalian cells has been developed as a vaccine strategy against a number of diseases in several animal models. in the present study, the bacmam vector, a baculovirus pseudotyped with the glycoprotein from vesicular stomatitis virus, was used as a recombinant vector to express classical swine fever virus (csfv) e2 protein under the control of the immediate early 1 (ie1) promoter from shrimp white spot syndrome virus. the e2 gene was efficie ... | 2009 | 19589357 |
| refolding of npro fusion proteins. | the autoprotease npro significantly enhances expression of fused peptides and proteins and drives the formation of inclusion bodies during protein expression. upon refolding, the autoprotease becomes active and cleaves itself specifically at its own c-terminus releasing the target protein with its authentic n-terminus. npro wild-type and its mutant eddie, respectively, were fused n-terminally to the model proteins green fluorescent protein, staphylococcus protein a domain d, inhibitory peptide o ... | 2009 | 19591193 |
| the reduction of csfv transmission to untreated pigs by the pestivirus inhibitor bpip: a proof of concept. | 5-[(4-bromophenyl)methyl]-2-phenyl-5h-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine (bpip) is a representative molecule of a novel class of highly active in vitro inhibitors of the replication of classical swine fever virus (csfv). we recently demonstrated in a proof of concept study that the molecule has a marked effect on viral replication in csfv-infected pigs. here, the effect of antiviral treatment on virus transmission to untreated sentinel pigs was studied. therefore, bpip-treated pigs (n=4), intra-muscularly i ... | 2009 | 19592179 |
| yeast-expressed classical swine fever virus glycoprotein e2 induces a protective immune response. | classical swine fever (csf) is an economically important swine disease worldwide. the glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a viral antigen that can induce a protective immune response against csf. a recombinant e2 protein was constructed using the yeast pichia pastoris expression system and evaluated for its vaccine efficacy. the yeast-expressed e2 (ye2) was shown to have n-linked glycosylation and to form homodimer molecules. four 6-week-old specified-pathogen-free (spf) pig ... | 2009 | 19625145 |
| effect of strain and inoculation dose of classical swine fever virus on within-pen transmission. | to improve the understanding of the dynamics and options for control of classical swine fever (csf), more quantitative knowledge is needed on virus transmission. in this study, virus excretion and within-pen transmission of a strain of low, moderate and high virulence were quantified. furthermore, the effect of inoculation dose on excretion and transmission were studied. the transmission was quantified using a stochastic susceptible-exposed-infectious-recovered (seir) model. five transmission tr ... | 2009 | 19631033 |
| cellular processes essential for african swine fever virus to infect and replicate in primary macrophages. | the macrophage (mø) is an essential immune cell for innate immunity. such cells are targeted by african swine fever virus (asfv). the early phases of infection with asfv have been previously characterized in non-leukocyte cells such as vero cells. here, we report on several additional key parameters that asfv utilizes during the infection of primary mø. related to virus infection, we established that receptor-mediated endocytosis of the virus by mø is not the exclusive means of entry to infect t ... | 2010 | 19632793 |
| early onset and long lasting protection in pigs provided by a classical swine fever e2-vaccine candidate produced in the milk of goats. | for vaccination against classical swine fever virus (csfv), it is strongly desirable to induce a rapid and long lasting protection. at present, only live attenuated csfv vaccines have shown early onset of protection, differing with the recombinant subunit-based vaccines reported so far. recently, a new vaccine formulation based on e2 envelope viral glycoprotein produced in the milk of goats (e2his) has been shown to induce a highly protective response in pigs against csfv infection. pigs immuniz ... | 2010 | 19640591 |
| activation and modulation of antiviral and apoptotic genes in pigs infected with classical swine fever viruses of high, moderate or low virulence. | the immune response to csfv and the strategies of this virus to evade and suppress the pigs' immune system are still poorly understood. therefore, we investigated the transcriptional response in the tonsils, median retropharyngeal lymph node (mrln), and spleen of pigs infected with csfv strains of similar origin with high, moderate, and low virulence. using a porcine spleen/intestinal cdna microarray, expression levels in rna pools prepared from infected tissue at 3 dpi (three pigs per virus str ... | 2009 | 19649765 |
| effect of immunostimulation by detoxified e. coli lipopolysaccharide combined with inactivated propionibacterium granulosum cells on porcine immunity. | the aim of this experiment was to evaluate the immunomodulating activities of inactivated propionibacterium granulosum cell walls and e. coli lipopolysaccharide (pg/lps) on porcine immunity. piglets were intramuscularly administered pg/lps (1 ml/10 kg body weight) once or twice. the function of natural killer cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils and the adjuvant effect on antibody induction by attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) and inactivated mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccination were e ... | 2009 | 19652476 |
| apoptosis in porcine macrophages infected in vitro with african swine fever virus (asfv) strains with different virulence. | african swine fever virus (asfv) replicates in porcine macrophages. since modulation of cell death by asfv strains of different virulence is poorly understood, we studied the development of apoptosis in porcine macrophage cultures during in vitro infection with the high- and low-virulence isolates asfv/l60 (l60) and asfv/nh/p68 (nhv), respectively. in cultures inoculated with each isolate, similar numbers of cells hosting infection showed morphological signs of apoptosis, which were visible from ... | 2009 | 19657705 |
| [a prime-boost vaccination strategy using a semliki forest virus replicon vectored dna vaccine followed by a recombinant adenovirus protects pigs from classical swine fever]. | we have previously evaluated a semliki forest virus (sfv) replicon vectored dna vaccine (psfv1cs2-e2) and a recombinant adenovirus (radv-e2) expressing the e2 glycoprotein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) in pigs. the results showed that the immunized pigs were protected from virulent challenge, but few pigs showed short-term fever and occasional pathological changes following virulent challenge. to enhance the immunogenecity of the vaccines, we tried a prime-boost vaccination strategy usin ... | 2009 | 19670635 |
| african swine fever: how can global spread be prevented? | african swine fever (asf) is a devastating haemorrhagic fever of pigs with mortality rates approaching 100 per cent. it causes major economic losses, threatens food security and limits pig production in affected countries. asf is caused by a large dna virus, african swine fever virus (asfv). there is no vaccine against asfv and this limits the options for disease control. asf has been confined mainly to sub-saharan africa, where it is maintained in a sylvatic cycle and/or among domestic pigs. wi ... | 2009 | 19687038 |
| the african swine fever virus g5r protein possesses mrna decapping activity. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) encodes a single nudix enzyme in its genome, termed the g5r protein (g5rp). nudix phosphohydrolases cleave a variety of substrates, such as nucleotides and diphosphoinositol polyphosphates. previously, asfv g5rp was shown to hydrolyze diphosphoinositol polyphosphates and gtp, but was unable to cleave methylated mrna cap analogues. in vaccinia virus (vacv), a distant relative of asfv, the d9 and d10 nudix enzymes were shown to cleave the mrna cap, but only whe ... | 2009 | 19695654 |
| [epitope mapping of antigenic determinants of e2 glycoprotein from classical swine fever virus using synthetic peptides]. | epitope mapping of the major envelope glycoprotein e2 of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is important for our understanding of e2 and also for development of the csfv-specific diagnostic assays and epitope- or peptide-based marker vaccines. previous competitive binding studies showed that monoclonal antibodies raised against e2 protein of csfv detected 8 individual epitopes. at the present study using a set of synthetic peptides covering the full sequences of e2 glycoprotein five linear non-o ... | 2009 | 19705780 |
| induction of inducible cd4+cd25+foxp3+ regulatory t lymphocytes by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv). | increases in numbers or activities of regulatory t lymphocytes (tregs) have been linked to the establishments of several persistent infections. it has been previously shown that porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) can negatively modulate the host immune responses, resulting in persistent infection and secondary immunodeficiency. recently, the existence of porcine cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs has been demonstrated. we investigated the effect of prrsv on the cd4(+)cd25(+) tregs. the ... | 2010 | 19709757 |
| influence of ns5a protein of classical swine fever virus (csfv) on csfv internal ribosome entry site-dependent translation. | an internal ribosome entry site (ires) present in the 5' untranslated region (utr) promotes translation of classical swine fever virus (csfv) genomes. using an in vitro system with monocistronic reporter rna containing the csfv 5'utr, this study found that csfv ns5a decreased csfv ires-mediated translation in a dose-dependent manner. deletion analysis showed that the region responsible for repressing csfv ires activity might cover aa 390-414, located in the c-terminal half of csfv ns5a. triple a ... | 2009 | 19710255 |
| characterization of ns3, ns5a and ns5b of classical swine fever virus through mutation and complementation analysis. | in order to get further insight into the organization of the pestiviral replication machinery, characterization of ns3, ns5a and ns5b of classical swine fever virus (csfv) through mutation and complementation analysis was performed. mutation analysis in genomic replicons and subgenomic replicons indicated importance of the gdd motif in ns5b, the deyh motif in ns3 and the conserved sequence c2717-c2740-c2742-c2767 in the ns5a for csfv recover and viral rna synthesis. complementation experiments w ... | 2010 | 19713054 |
| regulation of host translational machinery by african swine fever virus. | african swine fever virus (asfv), like other complex dna viruses, deploys a variety of strategies to evade the host's defence systems, such as inflammatory and immune responses and cell death. here, we analyse the modifications in the translational machinery induced by asfv. during asfv infection, eif4g and eif4e are phosphorylated (ser1108 and ser209, respectively), whereas 4e-bp1 is hyperphosphorylated at early times post infection and hypophosphorylated after 18 h. indeed, a potent increase i ... | 2009 | 19714237 |
| the cd2v protein enhances african swine fever virus replication in the tick vector, ornithodoros erraticus. | the nh/p68 non-haemadsorbing (non-had) african swine fever virus (asfv) isolate contains frameshift mutations in the ep402r and adjacent ep153r genes. these encode, respectively, the protein (cd2v) that is required for the haemadsorption (had) of swine erythrocytes to asfv-infected cells and a c-type lectin protein. two recombinant had viruses were constructed in this parental strain. in one of these the intact ep153r gene sequence was restored. although restoration of the had phenotype did not ... | 2009 | 19729182 |
| modified live marker vaccine candidate cp7_e2alf provides early onset of protection against lethal challenge infection with classical swine fever virus after both intramuscular and oral immunization. | due to the vast economic consequences of classical swine fever (csf) outbreaks, emergency vaccination plans are under discussion in european union member states. however, animals vaccinated with the conventional c-strain vaccine are subject to trade restrictions. to ease these restrictions, potent marker vaccines are required. one promising candidate is the chimeric pestivirus cp7_e2alf. for emergency vaccination in a csf outbreak scenario, early onset of immunity is required. here, the studies ... | 2009 | 19732859 |
| up-regulation of integrin beta3 expression in porcine vascular endothelial cells cultured in vitro by classical swine fever virus. | classical swine fever (csf) caused by virulent strains of classical swine fever virus (csfv) is a haemorrhagic disease of pigs, characterized by disseminated intravascular coagulation, thrombocytopenia and immunosuppression. the cell adhesion molecule, integrin beta3, plays a central role in maintaining and regulating vascular permeability. in view of the haemorrhagic pathology of the disease, the effect of csfv infection on integrin beta3 expression was investigated using the swine umbilical ve ... | 2010 | 19767110 |
| classical swine fever virus erns glycoprotein antagonizes induction of interferon-beta by double-stranded rna. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is capable of counteracting innate cellular antiviral responses by inhibiting type i interferon (ifn)-alpha/beta induction. a function associated with csfv n(pro), with respect to the inhibition of ifn-beta production, has been clearly elucidated. in this study, we explored the role of csfv e(rns) in ifn-beta induction by exogenous double-stranded (ds) rna. synthetic dsrna (poly (ic)) was used as an exogenous stimulus to trigger ifn-beta induction. csfv e(rns) ... | 2009 | 19767841 |
| [the changes of peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation after challenge with csfv virulent strain shimen]. | to investigate the effects of classical swine fever virus (csfv) virulent strain shimen (sm) infection on piglets peripheral blood leucocytes, the 60-days weanling piglets were infected with the shinen strain and the peripheral blood samples of the piglets were collected to analyze the kinetics of the csev nucleic acid, the peripheral blood leucocytes subpopulation and sla molecule expression on the peripheral blood leukocytes. the results showed that the piglets rectal temperature increased 48 ... | 2009 | 19769165 |
| rational design of a classical swine fever c-strain vaccine virus that enables the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals. | the c-strain of the classical swine fever virus (csfv) is considered the gold standard vaccine for the control of csf. this vaccine, however, does not enable the serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). consequently, its use can impose severe trade restrictions. the immunodominant and evolutionarily conserved a-domain of the e2 structural glycoprotein is an important target in csfv-specific elisas. with the ultimate aim to render the c-strain suitable as a diva ... | 2010 | 19770004 |
| glycosylation of classical swine fever virus e(rns) is essential for binding double-stranded rna and preventing interferon-beta induction. | host cells sense double-stranded rna (dsrna) produced during viral replication and initiate type i interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) production, leading to subsequent antiviral responses. many viruses, including classical swine fever virus (csfv), have developed strategies for counteracting the ifn-alpha/beta response. in this study, we explored the role of the csfv e(rns) glycoprotein in the inhibition of ifn-beta production induced by dsrna [poly(ic)]. our results demonstrated that csfv e(rns) could ... | 2009 | 19782108 |
| acute induction of cell death-related ifn stimulated genes (isg) differentiates highly from moderately virulent csfv strains. | classical swine fever (csf) severity is dependent on the virulence of the csf virus (csfv) strain. the earliest event detected following csfv infection is a decrease in lymphocytes number. with some csfv strains this leads to lymphopenia, the severity varying according to strain virulence. this lymphocyte depletion is attributed to an induction of apoptosis in non-infected bystander cells. we collected peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) before and during 3 days post-infection with either ... | 2010 | 19793538 |
| the african swine fever virus virion membrane protein pe248r is required for virus infectivity and an early postentry event. | the african swine fever virus (asfv) protein pe248r, encoded by the gene e248r, is a late structural component of the virus particle. the protein contains intramolecular disulfide bonds and has been previously identified as a substrate of the asfv-encoded redox system. its amino acid sequence contains a putative myristoylation site and a hydrophobic transmembrane region near its carboxy terminus. we show here that the protein pe248r is myristoylated during infection and associates with the membr ... | 2009 | 19793823 |
| detection of novel sequences related to african swine fever virus in human serum and sewage. | the family asfarviridae contains only a single virus species, african swine fever virus (asfv). asfv is a viral agent with significant economic impact due to its devastating effects on populations of domesticated pigs during outbreaks but has not been reported to infect humans. we report here the discovery of novel viral sequences in human serum and sewage which are clearly related to the asfarvirus family but highly divergent from asfv. detection of these sequences suggests that greater genetic ... | 2009 | 19812170 |
| establishment of an in vitro system for the prediction of the degree of virulence of classical swine fever virus isolates. | 2007 | 19835079 | |
| genetic typing of recent classical swine fever isolates from india. | seventeen classical swine fever virus (csfv) isolates recovered during the period of 3 years (2006-2008) from india were subjected to nucleotide sequencing in the 5' untranslated region (utr). for genetic typing, 150 nucleotides within this region were used. for better epizootiological understanding, 39 nucleotide sequences of the above region, including 13 indian csfv sequences, available either in the genbank or published literature were also included in the study. based on the phylogenetic an ... | 2010 | 19836905 |
| generation of recombinant pestiviruses using a full-genome amplification strategy. | complete genome amplification of viral rna provides a new tool for the generation of modified viruses. we have recently reported a full-genome amplification strategy for recovery of pestiviruses (rasmussen et al., 2008). a full-length cdna amplicon corresponding to the border disease virus-gifhorn genome was generated by long rt-pcr and then rna transcripts derived from this amplicon were used to rescue infectious virus. here, we have now used this full-genome amplification strategy for efficien ... | 2010 | 19836906 |
| changes of immunophysiological characteristics in neonatal calves experimentally challenged with mixture of live bacteria and virus. | the aim of the present study was to define efficient immunophysiological parameters in neonatal holstein calves with an experimentally induced microbial infection. calves (n = 15) were challenged with classical swine fever virus (lom strain) and erysipelothrix insidiosa live vaccine by intravenous injection at 3 wk of age except for control calves (n = 4). the level of total serum iga was significantly increased at 14 and 19 d post-experimental challenge (dpec) compared with that in calves at -2 ... | 2009 | 19841216 |
| african swine fever virus polyprotein pp62 is essential for viral core development. | one of the most characteristic features of african swine fever virus gene expression is its use of two polyproteins, pp220 and pp62, to produce several structural proteins that account for approximately 32% of the total protein virion mass. equimolecular amounts of these proteins are the major components of the core shell, a thick protein layer that lies beneath the inner envelope, surrounding the viral nucleoid. polyprotein pp220, which is located immediately underneath the internal envelope, i ... | 2010 | 19846532 |
| rna interference targeting nucleocapsid protein (c) inhibits classical swine fever virus replication in sk-6 cells. | the application of rna interference (rnai) strategy for controlling classical swine fever could become a promising alternative to the conventional eradication measures, as it was recently shown for foot-and-mouth disease (chen et al., 2004), influenza (ge et al., 2003), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (he et al., 2007) and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis (zhou et al., 2007). the use of synthetic sirna which is corresponding to nucleotides 1130-1148 of the csf virus strain alf ... | 2010 | 19850420 |
| a socio-psychological investigation into limitations and incentives concerning reporting a clinically suspect situation aimed at improving early detection of classical swine fever outbreaks. | the aim of this study was to identify limitations and incentives in reporting clinically suspect situations, possibly caused by classical swine fever (csf), to veterinary authorities with the ultimate aim to facilitate early detection of csf outbreaks. focus group sessions were held with policy makers from the veterinary authorities, and representatives of veterinary practitioners and pig farmer unions. personal interviews with a small group of pig farmers and practitioners were held to check li ... | 2010 | 19854004 |
| the effect of tissue degradation on detection of infectious virus and viral rna to diagnose classical swine fever virus. | a considerable part of tissue samples that are collected for the monitoring of classical swine fever (csf) from the wild boar population or from domestic pigs are unsuitable for virus detection using the fluorescent antibody test (fat) or virus isolation (vi), due to tissue degradation. reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) has a higher sensitivity than the fat and vi, and is supposed to be less sensitive to sample degradation. reliable and quantitative information on how long ... | 2010 | 19854005 |
| characterisation of virus-specific peripheral blood cell cytokine responses following vaccination or infection with classical swine fever viruses. | existing live attenuated classical swine fever virus (csfv) vaccines provide a rapid onset of complete protection but pose problems in discriminating infected amongst vaccinated animals. with a view to providing additional information on the cellular mechanisms that may contribute to protection, which in turn may aid the development of the next generation of csfv vaccines, we explored the kinetics of the cytokine responses from peripheral blood cells of pigs vaccinated with an attenuated c-strai ... | 2010 | 19854006 |
| preventive vaccination contributes to control classical swine fever in wild boar (sus scrofa sp.). | over the last 20 years, oral vaccination implementing a live attenuated vaccine has been experimented in europe in order to control classical swine fever (csf) in wild boar (sus scrofa sp.). this has generally led to an enhanced seroprevalence and a decreased viroprevalence at the scale of the whole vaccinated populations, but no quantitative analysis has demonstrated the protective effect of preventive vaccination or intensive baiting. in the present paper we conducted a retrospective analysis ... | 2010 | 19854007 |
| a novel combination of taqman rt-pcr and a suspension microarray assay for the detection and species identification of pestiviruses. | the genus pestivirus contains four recognized species: classical swine fever virus, border disease virus, bovine viral diarrhoea virus types 1 and 2. all are economically important and globally distributed but classical swine fever is the most serious, concerning losses and control measures. it affects both domestic pigs and wild boars. outbreaks of this disease in domestic pigs call for the most serious measures of disease control, including a stamping out policy in europe. since all the member ... | 2010 | 19854591 |
| in vitro inhibition of the replication of classical swine fever virus by capsid-targeted virus inactivation. | classical swine fever virus (csfv) is the causative agent of classical swine fever (csf), a highly contagious fatal disease of swine. few effective antiviral drugs are currently available against csfv infections. to explore the feasibility of using capsid-targeted viral inactivation (ctvi) as an antiviral strategy against csfv infections, we expressed the csfv capsid protein (cap) fused with the nuclease of staphylococcus aureus (sn) in escherichia coli and investigated its effects on the replic ... | 2010 | 19857524 |
| classical swine fever: comparison of oronasal immunisation with cp7e2alf marker and c-strain vaccines in domestic pigs. | effective oronasal vaccination against classical swine fever (csf) is essential to achieve protection in wild boar. however the currently available live csf vaccines, e.g. c-strain, do not allow serological differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals (diva). a modified live marker vaccine candidate (cp7e2alf) has been recently developed (reimann et al., 2004). this communication reports the comparison of cp7e2alf and c-strain virus vaccines during 98 days following oronasal immunisat ... | 2010 | 19857935 |