Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| clonal relationships among classical vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated between 1961 and 1992 in bangladesh. | in bangladesh, the replacement of classical vibrio cholerae by the e1 tor biotype in 1968 and the reappearance of the classical biotype and its coexistence with the e1 tor biotype after 1982 were never adequately explained. we have analyzed 23 classical v. cholerae isolates collected between 1961 and 1968, 14 classical isolates collected between 1982 and 1992 from the capital city, dhaka, and 6 classical v. cholerae isolates collected from two southern districts of bangladesh and studied restric ... | 1993 | 7691878 |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae and epidemic cholera. | 1993 | 7693194 | |
| vibrio cholerae o 139 and epidemic cholera. | 1993 | 7693203 | |
| monoclonal immunoglobulin a antibodies directed against cholera toxin prevent the toxin-induced chloride secretory response and block toxin binding to intestinal epithelial cells in vitro. | secretory immunoglobulin a (iga) antibodies directed against cholera toxin (ct) are thought to be important in resistance to oral challenge with virulent vibrio cholerae, although alternative mechanisms for protection of intestinal epithelia against ct-induced fluid secretion have been proposed. the ability of anti-ct iga to block the effects of ct on human enterocytes has not been directly tested because of the lack of a well-defined in vitro intestinal epithelial cell system to directly measur ... | 1993 | 7693598 |
| purification and characterization of pili of a vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain. | pili of the vibrio cholerae non-o1 strain v10 were purified and characterized. the v10 pili were physicochemically and immunologically different from those of the previously reported v. cholerae non-o1 strain s7, although the pili of the two strains had homologous n-terminal amino acid sequences. v10 plus antigen was detected only in v. cholerae non-o1 strains. | 1993 | 7693601 |
| survey of in vitro susceptibilities of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 to antimicrobial agents. | vibrio cholerae o139 (173 strains) and o1 (221 strains) were tested for their in vitro susceptibilities to 39 antimicrobial agents. both o139 and o1 strains were highly susceptible to azithromycin, cephems, minocycline, penems, and newer fluoroquinolones. o139 strains (94.8%), o1 indian el tor strains (97%), and bangladeshi el tor strains (50%) were highly resistant to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim and moderately resistant to chloramphenicol and furazolidone, in sharp contrast ... | 1995 | 7695314 |
| in vibrio cholerae serogroup o1, rfad is closely linked to the rfb operon. | the rfad gene of escherichia coli encodes adp-l-glycero-d-mannoheptose-6- epimerase, an enzyme required for the biosynthesis of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) precursor adp-l-glycero-d- mannoheptose, associated with production of the core oligosaccharide. we have identified an rfad homologue in vibrio cholerae o1. this gene maps adjacent to the rfb region encoding o-antigen biosynthesis, but is transcribed divergently. the complete nucleotide sequence of rfad and the flanking dna has been determin ... | 1995 | 7698669 |
| diarrheal disease. established pathogens, new pathogens, and progress in vaccine development. | although much progress has been made in reducing the morbidity and mortality of infectious diarrhea through the use of oral rehydration, progress in preventive measures, such as vaccine development, has been slow. despite the plethora of candidate vaccines developed, there has not been an effective vaccine ready for general use, particularly in developing countries, during the past decade, perhaps in part because of the as-yet-undefined pathophysiology of many of these pathogens, as well as the ... | 1994 | 7698825 |
| susceptibility of the bacterium vibrio cholerae to acid ph in salad vegetables: an ultrastructural view. | 1994 | 7701087 | |
| [phenotypic and genotypic characterization of vibrio cholerae o1]. | we made 52180 tests for isolation and identification of toxigenic v. cholerae o1 from rectal swabs and reference strains. we isolated 17.6% v. cholerae o1 strains in 1991, 43.5% in 1992 and 38.9% in 1993. the main serovar in 1991 was inaba, whereas in 1993 a similar percentage was serovar ogawa. the phenotype of v. cholerae strains was determined by hemolysis test, voges-proskauer test, polymyxin b resistance and phages 4 and 5 resistance. all of the mexican strains were el tor. there were 2.9-0 ... | 1994 | 7701133 |
| [seroepidemiology of cholera in mexico]. | antibodies against vibrio cholerae were determined in 2352 serum samples obtained from patients with clinical diagnosis of cholera. samples from their contacts and from healthy people living in the same communities were also analyzed. vibriocidal antibodies with titers 1:160 or higher were observed in 25% of the samples. an increase of vibriocidal and antitoxin antibody titers were observed in 56 to 60% of the patients in which paired samples were available, one obtained in the acute phase of th ... | 1994 | 7701134 |
| [antibiotic resistance pattern of 24, 526 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated in mexico from 1991 to 1993]. | profile of antimicrobial resistance by kirby-bauer method was performed on 24526 vibrio cholerae o1 strains isolated in méxico (1991-1993) from fecal swabs in cholera cases and from asymptomatic carriers. minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) tests for tetracycline (te) and doxycycline (d) were done on selected strains. single antibiotic discs were used at concentrations of: te, 30 micrograms; d, 30 micrograms; erythromycin (e), 15 micrograms; chloramphenicol (cm), 30 micrograms; ampicillin (am ... | 1994 | 7701135 |
| [cytotonic and cytotoxic effect of cholera toxin on vero cells and its relation to pcr]. | we studied 40 vibrio cholerae strains: 16 from stool, 16 from sewage and 8 from food. the serotypes were inaba in 21 strains, 8 ogawa strains and 11 v. cholerae non-o1. pcr was made with ctx2 and ctx3 primers with 25 cycles of temperature: 1 min at 94 degrees c, 1 min at 60 degrees c and 1 min at 72 degrees c. 24 v. cholerae strains were positive: 18/24 inaba y 6/24 ogawa. pcr was negative for 16 strains: 3 inaba serotype, 2 ogawa y 11 v. cholerae non-o1. in vero culture cells 18 strains were cy ... | 1994 | 7701136 |
| [evaluation of the elisa method for cholera toxin determination in vibrio cholerae cultures]. | elisa test was evaluated in 503 cultures of vibrio cholerae o1 y 303 non-o1. the cultures were isolated from sewage from different states of méxico between june 1991 and october 1992. the sensitivity was 100% and specificity was 96%. only 12 strains of v. cholerae non-o1 were positive for ct toxin. when these cultures were confirmed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for cholera toxin, the results were negative. elisa test is a good alternative to be used for toxin production in cultures of v. c ... | 1994 | 7701137 |
| [cytotoxic effect of vibrio cholerae non-o1 on vero cells]. | at the present time there is still in mexico a diarrhoeal outbreak due to vibrio cholerae o1. in indre we have isolated from the same outbreak last year (jan-apr), 70 strains of vibrio cholerae non-o1. these were isolated from patients with a diarrhoeal illness different from cholera. patients were of different ages and sex, and from various geographic areas. the isolated strains were confirmed by serological agglutination test with polyclonal antisera, and they neither belong to o1 serogroup or ... | 1994 | 7701138 |
| [identification of vibrio cholerae o1 by flow cytometry]. | a total of 72 peptonated water samples suspected of carrying vibrio cholerae were assessed by laser flow cytometry (lfc) and compared with positive culture. we used a direct fluorescence technique using polyclonal (polab) and monoclonal antibodies (moab) conjugated to fluorescein. the polab were able to detect 33 positive samples. a clear difference among the 20 positive samples was found with only three v. cholerae o1 false negatives when moab were used whereas all 13 v. cholerae non o1 samples ... | 1994 | 7701139 |
| [polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the identification of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 in oysters]. | pcr was made with ctx2 (cgg gca gat tct aga cct cct g) y ctx3 (cga tga tct tgg agc att ccc ac) primers for subunit a of cholera toxin, 30 cycles of temperature on samples of 50 g of oysters added in 450 ml of peptone alcaline water that were inoculated with 15 x 10(6), 0.75 x 10(6) and 0.15 x 10(6) cfu/ml of toxigenic 6707 v. cholerae o1 reference strain. the samples were tested by three microbiological methods: indre's method uses 1 x 10(-1) dilution of sample, two fold pass to peptone alcaline ... | 1994 | 7701140 |
| temperature-induced recovery of vibrio cholerae from the viable but nonculturable state: growth or resuscitation? | vibrio cholerae cells were incubated at 4 degrees c in nutrient-limited artificial seawater (asw) microcosms. plate counts declined from 8 x 10(5) to less than 2 c.f.u. ml-1 in about 23 d. when samples of microcosms were shifted to 30 degrees c, plate counts increased to 2.2 x 10(5) c.f.u. ml-1 in 72 h. an experiment was performed to determine whether culturable cells obtained after temperature upshifts were the result of 'resuscitation', or outgrowth, of nonculturable cells or of cell division ... | 1995 | 7704268 |
| cholera. | despite more than a century of study, cholera still presents challenges and surprises to us. throughout most of the 20th century, cholera was caused by vibrio cholerae of the o1 serogroup and the disease was largely confined to asia and africa. however, the last decade of the 20th century has witnessed two major developments in the history of this disease. in 1991, a massive outbreak of cholera started in south america, the one continent previously untouched by cholera in this century. in 1992, ... | 1995 | 7704895 |
| clinical and immunologic characteristics of vibrio cholerae o139 bengal infection in north american volunteers. | vibrio cholerae o139 bengal has recently emerged as a cause of epidemic cholera in asia. to evaluate clinical and immunologic responses to infection, v. cholerae o139 bengal ai1837 was administered to healthy adult north american volunteers. two of 4 persons ingesting 10(4) cfu became ill (incubation period, 48 h; mean diarrheal stool, 1873 g), as did 7 of 9 persons receiving 10(6) cfu (incubation period, 28 h; mean diarrheal stool, 4548 g). ill volunteers did not demonstrate a vibriocidal antib ... | 1995 | 7706818 |
| a comparative study of the properties of vibrio cholerae o139, o1 and other non-o1 strains. | vibrio cholerae o139 organisms isolated from different parts of india and from bangladesh were characterised with respect to their haemagglutination (ha) activity, plasmid content, cholera toxin (ct) production, cell surface protein and lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiles, and antigenic properties. of 28 v. cholerae o139 isolates tested, 14 (50%) were shown to agglutinate chicken erythrocytes; the ha activity was sensitive to d-mannose 0.1%. in parallel experiments, 12 (92.3%) of 13 v. cholerae o1 ... | 1995 | 7707332 |
| identification of a 29 kda flagellar sheath protein in helicobacter pylori using a murine monoclonal antibody. | the membrane-like flagellar sheath of helicobacter pylori is of unknown function and little is known of its composition. a murine monoclonal antibody to h. pylori, designated gf6, which reacts by immunoblot with a polypeptide with an apparent molecular mass of 29 kda was shown by immunogold-electron microscopy to label specifically the flagellar sheath structure. the antigen was detected by immunoblot using the monoclonal antibody in all 11 strains, of diverse geographic origin, so far tested. t ... | 1995 | 7711897 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of live attenuated vibrio cholerae o139 vaccine prototype. | new vaccines are needed to prevent cholera caused by vibrio cholerae o139. attenuated v cholerae o139 vaccines were made by deleting multiple copies of the cholera-toxin genetic element from two virulent strains of the organism, mo10 and ai4456. the deletion mutants were further modified by insertion of a construct that encoded the b subunit of cholera toxin, thus generating strains bengal-3 and vri-16. a stable spontaneous non-motile derivative of bengal-3 was isolated and designated bengal-15; ... | 1995 | 7715293 |
| [environmental isolation of vibrio cholerae 01 in continental waters of the province of seville]. | many bibliographical references suggest reserves of vibrio cholerae in the aquatic world, strains of both the serovariety no 01 and 01 having been isolated in different parts of the globe in fresh and extensive salt waters. | 1994 | 7716408 |
| epidemic cholera during refugee resettlement in malawi. | in june 1988 a cholera epidemic occurred in a mozambican refugee population resettling in southern malawi. | 1994 | 7721533 |
| trypanosoma cruzi trans-sialidase: enhancement of virulence in a murine model of chagas' disease. | trypanosoma cruzi, the etiological agent of chagas' disease, expresses a trans-sialidase at highest levels in infective trypomastigotes, where it attaches to the plasma membrane by a glycophosphoinositol linkage. bound enzyme sheds into the extracellular milieu in a soluble form. experiments performed in vitro suggest that the trans-sialidase participates in several parameters of t. cruzi-host interactions, like cell adhesion and complement resistance. however, the role that membrane-bound and s ... | 1995 | 7722448 |
| all vibrio cholerae infections are not created equal. | 1995 | 7723150 | |
| expression and mutagenesis of recombinant cholera toxin a subunit. | adp-ribosylating protein exotoxins from vibrio cholerae (ct) and escherichia coli (lt-i) share two short regions of sequence similarity with bordetella pertussis toxin (pt). previous studies have indicated that substitution of arginine for lysine 7 within the first region of ct drastically decreases adp ribosyltransferase activity. we have more closely defined the role of other amino acids in this region by generating modified proteins in which arginine 7 was replaced with lysine (r7k), aspartat ... | 1994 | 7723660 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 bengal: emergence of a new epidemic strain of cholera. | in october 1992, a new strain of cholera, subsequently designated vibrio cholerae o139 bengal, was detected in madras, india. this strain spread rapidly through the indian subcontinent and has now been reported in many parts of asia, with additional cases identified in travelers to north american and the middle east. phylogenetically, v. cholerae o139 bengal is very closely related to "standard" v. cholerae o1 el tor strains; it produces cholera toxin and causes an illness identical that seen wi ... | 1995 | 7728355 |
| first isolation of vibrio cholerae 0139 (bengal strain) from a sri lankan patient. | 1994 | 7728923 | |
| rapid detection of vibrio cholerae 0139 in faecal specimens by coagglutination. | we compared the conventional culture method with the coagglutination (coa) test for detecting v. cholerae 0139 antigen in a 4 h faecal enrichment culture. the coa test reacted positively in all 13 culture positive stool specimens from patients with clinical cholera and negatively in all 23 culture negative specimens from non-diarrhoeal healthy controls. the test also did not show cross reaction with v. cholerae 01 antigen or with any of the enterobacterial antigens of the coliforms. the coa test ... | 1995 | 7729848 |
| colonization ability & intestinal pathology of rabbits orally fed with vibrio cholerae o139 bengal. | the colonization ability of a representative epidemic strain of v. cholerae o139 bengal was studied in the oral rabbit colonization model and the nature of colonization in the ileal and jejunal tissues was examined ultrastructurally. results of the colonization study and ileal loop assay indicated that the strain proliferates and colonizes the small intestine of the rabbit mucosal surface. further, the electronmicroscopic study revealed the disruptive effect of the strain on the apical membrane ... | 1995 | 7729849 |
| outbreak due to vibrio cholerae e1 tor & serotype o139 in yavatmal (maharashtra) during june-july, 1994. | a total of 65 strains of v. cholerae were isolated during june-july 1994 at yavatmal (maharashtra). of the 65 strains isolated, 62 were 01 el tor vibrios, while three were non 01 serotype 0139. the novel epidemic strain designated as 0139 reported during the outbreak in 1993, has been supplanted by the usual el tor vibrio during the present outbreak while 0139 serotype has remained sporadic. | 1995 | 7729850 |
| emrr is a negative regulator of the escherichia coli multidrug resistance pump emrab. | the emrab locus of escherichia coli encodes a multidrug resistance pump that protects the cell from several chemically unrelated antimicrobial agents, e.g., the protonophores carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenylhydrazone (cccp) and tetrachlorosalicyl anilide and the antibiotics nalidixic acid and thiolactomycin. the mpra gene is located immediately upstream of this locus and was shown to be a repressor of microcin biosynthesis (i. del castillo, j. m. gomez, and f. moreno, j. bacteriol. 173:3924-3929, ... | 1995 | 7730261 |
| characterization of ganglioside associated with the thyrotrophin receptor. | the receptor protein for thyrotrophin (thyroid-stimulating hormone; tsh) is associated with a glycosphingolipid moiety. the protein belongs to the family of receptors that couple to guanine nucleotide binding proteins; the glycosphingolipid contains sialic acid and belongs to the family of gangliosides. this report defines the structure of the receptor ganglioside in the fisher rat thyroid cell line (frtl-5). receptor protein was purified by tsh affinity chromatography from frtl-5 cells, biosynt ... | 1994 | 7734842 |
| interaction between the autokinase epse and epsl in the cytoplasmic membrane is required for extracellular secretion in vibrio cholerae. | vibrio cholerae secretes a number of proteins important for virulence, including cholera toxin. this process requires the products of the eps genes which have homologues in genera such as aeromonas, klebsiella and pseudomonas and are thought to form a membrane-associated multiprotein complex. here we show that the putative nucleotide-binding protein epse is associated with and stabilized by the cytoplasmic membrane via interaction with epsl. analysis of fusion proteins between epse and the homol ... | 1995 | 7737119 |
| detection of heat-stable enterotoxin genes among australian vibrio cholerae o1 strains. | dna probes derived from the heat-stable enterotoxin gene of vibrio cholerae non-o1 (stn), and the cholera toxin gene (ctx), were used to screen 199 strains of v. cholerae o1, which were isolated within australia from 1977-1986. 13 environmental strains isolated from the riverine environment in southeast queensland in 1980 and 1981, hybridized with the stn and ctx dna probes. the concentrated supernatant of 6 of these strains elicited fluid accumulation in the infant mouse assay both before and a ... | 1995 | 7737472 |
| isolation and characterization of the vibrio cholerae acfa gene, required for efficient intestinal colonization. | the nucleotide sequence of the vibrio cholerae acfa gene (encoding an accessory colonization factor) has been determined. sequence analysis revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 215 amino acids with a characteristic signal peptidase i (spi) cleavage site at the n terminus. electrophoretic analysis of proteins synthesized by escherichia coli cells, following t7 promoter/rna polymerase-directed expression of acfa, revealed a 23-kda protein corresponding to the mature form of acfa. the ... | 1995 | 7737517 |
| studies on the genesis of vibrio cholerae o139: identification of probable progenitor strains. | four lines of evidence suggest that the recent outbreak strains of vibrio cholerae o139 could have emerged from serogroup o1 strains typified by isolates m01 and m0477 described in this paper, which are neither truly classical nor truly e1 tor in their biotype attributes. firstly, like all o139 isolates, these o1 strains, isolated in madras during and before the o139 outbreak, were resistant not only to polymyxin b but also to all biotype-specific choleraphages, i.e. classical phage phi 149 and ... | 1995 | 7739019 |
| coexistence of vibrio cholerae o1 and o139 bengal in plankton in bangladesh. | 1995 | 7739342 | |
| [non-production of indole: an epidemiological marker for vibrio cholerae]. | 1994 | 7746117 | |
| [diarrhea, dysentery, cholera, new frontiers?]. | 1994 | 7746137 | |
| cholera associated with food transported from el salvador--indiana, 1994. | since the onset of the cholera epidemic in latin america in 1991, most cases of cholera in the united states have occurred among persons traveling to the united states from cholera-affected areas or who have eaten contaminated food brought or imported from these areas. in december 1994, a cluster of cholera cases occurred among persons in indiana who had shared a meal of contaminated food brought from el salvador. this report summarizes the investigation of the cases conducted by the indiana sta ... | 1995 | 7746262 |
| comparative trial of five antimicrobial compounds in the treatment of cholera in adults. | to compare the efficacy of ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, nalidixic acid and pivmecillinam in the treatment of tetracycline-resistant strains of vibrio cholerae o1 in adults, a randomized, open, clinical trial was conducted. a tetracycline group was used for comparison. seventy-five adult men infected with v. cholerae o1 were randomly assigned to receive either 400 mg pivmecillinam or 500 mg of one of each of the other drugs. ciprofloxacin was given every 12 h and the others every 6 h for 3 d. the ... | 1995 | 7747291 |
| extension of the volunteer challenge model to study south american cholera in a population of volunteers predominantly with blood group antigen o. | the volunteer challenge model was used to study the virulence of strains of vibrio cholerae o1 el tor recently isolated from cases of cholera in south america. fifteen of the 24 volunteers (62%) were of blood group o, the group most prevalent in south america and the group at increased risk of more severe cholera. two el t or inaba strains and 2 el tor ogawa strains were given to volunteers at a dose of 1-2 x 10(6) colony-forming units. all 4 strains caused diarrhoea in 67-83% of volunteers. vol ... | 1995 | 7747315 |
| homogentisic acid is the primary precursor of melanin synthesis in vibrio cholerae, a hyphomonas strain, and shewanella colwelliana. | the enzyme p-hydroxyphenylpyruvate hydroxylase (hpph) is involved in pigmentation (pyomelanin) via homogentisic acid (hga). pyomelanin formation is correlated with hga production and expression of hpph in three disparate marine species: vibrio cholerae, a hyphomonas strain, and shewanella colwelliana. induction of pigmentation in v. cholerae 569b by nutrient limitation also correlated with production of hga. | 1995 | 7747976 |
| a retrospective analysis of the madras epidemic of non-01 vibrio cholerae new serogroup 0139 bengal. | during the recent epidemic of cholera in madras from october-december 1992, a total of 11,100 patients with acute secretory diarrhoea have been admitted to the communicable diseases hospital, madras, when compared to a total of 2,440 patients admitted during the pre-epidemic period studied between january - september 1992. a novel strain of non-01 v. cholerae was found to be the most predominant agent during the epidemic period. a representative sample of 84 non-01 strains isolated during the ep ... | 1995 | 7751049 |
| evaluation of the monoclonal antibody-based kit bengal smart for rapid detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal in stool samples. | a monoclonal antibody-based test, bengal smart, was developed for rapid detection of vibrio cholerae o139 synonym bengal directly from stool specimens. the test, which takes about 15 min to complete, was used to screen 189 diarrheal stool specimens. the results were compared with those of a monoclonal antibody-based coagglutination test (coat) and the conventional culture methods used as the "gold standard" for detection of v. cholerae o139. the bengal smart test showed a sensitivity of 100% and ... | 1995 | 7751386 |
| probable role of blue-green algae in maintaining endemicity and seasonality of cholera in bangladesh: a hypothesis. | 1994 | 7751564 | |
| diarrhoeal outbreak of vibrio cholerae 0139 from north india. | epidemics of cholera caused by vibrio cholerae 01 occur regularly in india. until recently, vibrio cholerae non-01 have been the the causative agents of sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and septicaemia, especially in immunocompromised children. we describe a large outbreak of cholera-like illness from north india caused by vibrio cholerae non-01, later serotyped as vibrio cholerae 0139. forty-one of a total of 391 patients with acute diarrhoea during a 2-month period (may-july 1993) were identi ... | 1995 | 7756810 |
| cloning and expression of vibrio cholerae dsba, a gene encoding a periplasmic protein disulphide isomerase. | 1995 | 7758780 | |
| non-o1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia: a case report. | non-o1 vibrio cholerae infections are associated with sporadic cases of gastroenteritis and extraintestinal infections. septicaemia due to non-o1 vibrio cholerae is rare and are mainly reported in adults, particularly in immunocompromised patients. we report a case of non-o1 vibrio cholerae septicaemia and gastroenteritis in an 8-year-old child. the patient presented with bloody diarrhoea, fever and severe dehydration. non-o1 vibrio cholerae were isolated from blood and stool cultures. the clini ... | 1994 | 7761898 |
| large-scale production of vibrio cholerae toxin b subunit for use in oral vaccines. | by systematically manipulating promoter and ribosome binding structures, plasmid copy number and the structure of the cholera toxin b (ctb) subunit gene, we were able to develop a plasmid expression system that, when used in conjunction with an optimized growth medium, provided yields of ctb approaching one gram per liter. the ctb protein which was secreted to > 95%, could readily be purified from the growth medium of a v. cholerae production strain and was shown to be immunologically indistingu ... | 1993 | 7764248 |
| recombinant microbial adp-ribosylating toxins of bordetella pertussis, vibrio cholerae, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli: structure, function, and toxoid vaccine development. | 1994 | 7764758 | |
| live bacterial vaccines: environmental aspects. | recombinant dna technology has greatly accelerated the development of live attenuated bacterial vaccines for cholera, typhoid, and shigellosis. significant attenuation has been achieved by deleting genes for various virulence determinants, biosynthetic genes, and regulatory genes. as these vaccine candidates move from closed-ward clinical studies to outpatient and field trials, a variety of concerns needs to be addressed about the safety of these vaccines, not only for the vaccinee, but also for ... | 1994 | 7765009 |
| an antimicrobial abietane from the root of plectranthus hereroensis. | a new abietane diterpene, 16-acetoxy-7 alpha, 12-dihydroxy-8,12-abietadiene-11,14-dione, has been isolated from the acetone extract of the root of plectranthus hereroensis and its structure established by spectroscopic means. this compound showed antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus and vibrio cholerae, and antiviral activity against herpes simplex type ii. | 1995 | 7766053 |
| characterization of the hgba locus encoding a hemoglobin receptor from haemophilus ducreyi. | haemophilus ducreyi can bind hemoglobin and use it as a source of heme, for which it has an obligate requirement. we previously identified and purified hgba, a hemoglobin-binding outer membrane protein from h. ducreyi. in this report, we describe the molecular cloning, expression, dna sequence, and mutagenesis of the structural gene for hgba, hgba. h. ducreyi and recombinant escherichia coli expressing hgba bound [125i]hemoglobin, establishing hgba as a receptor. insertions or deletions in the c ... | 1995 | 7768598 |
| construction of nontoxic derivatives of cholera toxin and characterization of the immunological response against the a subunit. | using computer modelling, we have identified some of the residues of the a subunit of cholera toxin (ct) and heat-labile toxin that are involved in nad binding, catalysis, and toxicity. here we describe the site-directed mutagenesis of the ct gene and the construction of ct mutants. nine mutations of the a subunit gene were generated. six of them encoded proteins that were fully assembled in the ab5 structure and were nontoxic; these proteins were ct-d53 (val-53-->asp), ct-k63 (ser-63-->lys), ct ... | 1995 | 7768621 |
| aldb, an rpos-dependent gene in escherichia coli encoding an aldehyde dehydrogenase that is repressed by fis and activated by crp. | escherichia coli aldb was identified as a gene that is negatively regulated by fis but positively regulated by rpos. the complete dna sequence determined in this study indicates that aldb encodes a 56.3-kda protein which shares a high degree of homology with an acetaldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by acod of alcaligenes eutrophus and an aldehyde dehydrogenase encoded by alda of vibrio cholerae and significant homology with a group of other aldehyde dehydrogenases from prokaryotes and eukaryotes. e ... | 1995 | 7768815 |
| the sixth and seventh cholera pandemics are due to independent clones separately derived from environmental, nontoxigenic, non-o1 vibrio cholerae. | the dna sequences of the asd genes from 45 isolates of vibrio cholerae (19 clinical o1 isolates, 2 environmental nontoxigenic o1 isolates, and 24 isolates with different non-o1 antigens) were determined. no differences were found within either sixth- or seventh-pandemic isolates; however, variation was found between the two forms and among the non-o1 isolates. o139 isolates had sequences identical to those of seventh-pandemic isolates. phylogenetic trees with vibrio mimicus as the outgroup sugge ... | 1995 | 7768818 |
| impact of infection by helicobacter pylori on the risk and severity of endemic cholera. | to evaluate the relationship between helicobacter pylori infection and the subsequent risk and severity of endemic vibrio cholerae o1 diarrhea among rural bangladeshis, 285 children and adults with cholera (cases) and 881 contemporaneously selected community controls were studied. cases and controls were contrasted for h. pylori infection, as manifested by serum igg anti-h. pylori antibodies. although the overall risk of cholera was not significantly increased among h. pylori-infected subjects, ... | 1995 | 7769312 |
| [the use of a cholera coagulating diagnostic agent under the cholera epidemic conditions in dagestan]. | dried cholera diagnosticum for the slide coagglutination test was obtained. the diagnosticum, found to be highly active and specific, permitted the detection of vibrio cholerae in the analyzed material at a concentration of 10(6)-10(8) microbial cells/ml. the diagnosticum was used during cholera epidemic in daghestan for the detection and rapid identification of cholera vibrios. in all cases the positive results of the coagglutination test were confirmed by other investigation methods (no cases ... | 1995 | 7771138 |
| [the routes of the spread of cholera in the shamil'skiĭ mountain district of dagestan]. | the routes of the spread of cholera were analyzed in 273 patients and vibrio carriers during the outbreak of cholera in a mountainous region of daghestan during the period of july 18 to september 4, 1994. cholera was found to spread mainly after funeral repasts and condolence visits accompanied by the dispensation of foodstuffs, transmission being realized through alimentary and contact routes. under the conditions of the absence of the centralized water supply system in mountain villages and th ... | 1995 | 7771145 |
| [the cholera epidemic in mountainous regions of dagestan in relation to the probable role of the water factor in its spread]. | the follow-up of dynamics of cholera epidemic in 1994 was made in 4 mountain regions of daghestan with shared river system. there were 537 infection cases in these regions, which was equal to 1/4 from the total number of cholera patients in daghestan. the probability of cholera distribution by water way has been shown, which can be related to massive dissemination with v. cholerae in river, drink and waste water both from active, and from local (intrahospital) epidemic sources. vibrio's exit fro ... | 1995 | 7771149 |
| [the characteristics of the antibacterial therapy for cholera in dagestan]. | wide circulation of antibiotic-resistant vibrio cholerae strains again gives prominence to the problem of etiotropic therapy. the results of the treatment of 428 persons infected with v.cholerae (237 cholera patients and 191 vibrio carriers) in different regions of daghestan during the outbreak of epidemic in 1994 are presented. the main criterion of the effectiveness of antibacterial therapy was the determination of the percentage of bacterial relapses. the sensitivity of 118 v.cholerae strains ... | 1995 | 7771151 |
| [the characteristics of vibrio cholerae isolated in dagestan in 1994]. | a high degree of resistance to cholera diagnostic phages and carriership of prophages characteristic of v. cholerae eltor strains vct+ were shown to be the specific features v. cholerae isolated in daghestan during the period of june-october 1994. among the strains under study, isolated respectively in 12 and 18 out of 19 regions of daghestan, a high proportion was found to have resistance to tetracycline (65%) and chloramphenicol (28.6%). moreover, some strains were found to be resistant to fur ... | 1995 | 7771152 |
| [the bacteriophage lysis-susceptibility properties of vibrio cholerae strains isolated in separate regions of dagestan in 1994]. | the study of the properties of v. cholerae strains isolated in june-september 1994 in the daghestan revealed that they belonged, according to their specific properties, to typical representatives of v. eltor, serovar ogawa, but a great part of them (67.2%) was not lysed by diagnostic cholera bacteriophages. experiments with different batches of diagnostic cholera bacteriophages showed the necessity of their further improvement. | 1995 | 7771153 |
| [the preservation of the causative agent of cholera in the water supplies of the central regions of dagestan (experimental data)]. | the acidic ph of water of surface water reservoirs in izberbash and two adjoining regions, including sea water, seems to be unfavorable for the prolonged preservation of vibrio cholerae eltor, but additional ecological investigations are necessary to study the possibility for infection to take root at this territory. water from the zam-zam spring, if contaminated with v. cholerae, may serve as a transmission factor, but the duration of its action is limited by the survival term of v. cholerae. t ... | 1995 | 7771154 |
| [the properties of the vibrio cholerae strains isolated in large districts in western dagestan in 1994]. | 190 v. cholerae cultures isolated by the specialized antiepidemic brigade of the rostov-on-don research institute for plague control in the khasavyurt, babayurt and novolaksk regions of daghestan in august-october 1994. all isolated strains were typical with respect to their morphological and cultural properties and could be agglutinated (with the exception of one strain) to the titer or half-titer with diagnostic cholera serum and ogawa serum. 4 strains had signs of ro-dissociation, 4 strains w ... | 1995 | 7771155 |
| [the outer membranes of vibrio cholerae as a potential component in a chemical vaccine]. | the results of the study of the preparation of v. cholerae eltor membrane, obtained by the lysis and inactivation of microbial cells with urea and the subsequent differential centrifugation and nuclease treatment. as revealed in this study, the outer membrane preparation, when introduced parenterally and orally to mice, induced pronounced immunity to experimental cholera infection and the production of vibriocidal antibodies in high titers. the treatment of v. cholerae eltor membranes with tryps ... | 1995 | 7771156 |
| [the isolation of the vibrio cholerae dermotoxin and the characterization of its biological properties]. | the dermonecrotic factor (dermotoxin) inducing skin necrosis in rabbits has been isolated from v. cholerae strain b-53-2-38 and partially purified. dermotoxin has a molecular weight of about 110 kd and possesses pronounced cytotoxic and general toxic action, differing from that of enterotoxin. the introduction of this factor into the blood and peritoneum of laboratory animals causes their death. | 1995 | 7771158 |
| [the destructive activity of vibrios]. | 1995 | 7771159 | |
| [the discovery of a dermonecrotic factor in vibrio cholerae non o1 and other pathogenic vibrios]. | 1995 | 7771160 | |
| [cases of intrahospital cholera infection]. | 1995 | 7771162 | |
| [a case of the importation onto the territory of russia of cholera caused by a new serovar]. | materials on the import of rarely occurring vibrio cholerae, not belonging to group o1 of serovar o139, to the territory of russia are presented. the clinical picture of a cholera case is described and the biological properties of v. cholerae, serovar o139, are presented. a suggestion has been made concerning the appearance of a new v. cholerae serovar, capable of ousting v. cholerae eltor, the cause of the seventh pandemic. | 1995 | 7771163 |
| utility of rapid monoclonal antibody-based coagglutination test for direct detection of vibrio cholerae o1 and/or o139 in stool samples. | 1995 | 7772164 | |
| in situ accessibility of murine macrophage gangliosides. | gangliosides are implicated in cell signal transduction. prior to investigating this phenomenon in macrophages, the in situ accessibility of gangliosides to macromolecules was assessed for peritoneal macrophages isolated from normal c3h/hen and endotoxin-hyporesponsive c3h/hej mice. c3h/hej resident and thioglycolate-elicited macrophage ganglioside patterns are the same as normal strains, and no strain differences in galactose oxidase accessibility for resident or thioglycolate-elicited macropha ... | 1995 | 7772869 |
| studies on adhesion, haemagglutination and other biological properties of vibrio cholerae o139. | the adhesive capabilities of eight vibrio cholerae o139 epidemic strains to isolated rabbit intestinal epithelial cells (riec) were observed to be high similar to those observed with a vibrio cholerae o1 strain isolated from patients. toxin production by the strains, measured by accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loop model, was high and the toxin was lethal as the animal expired within 6 h. culture filtrates of the strains exhibited the presence of vascular permeability factor which produce ... | 1995 | 7773236 |
| clinical characteristics and risk factors for vibrio cholerae infection in children. | surveillance was conducted during february and march 1991 in the pediatric emergency department of cayetano heredia hospital, lima, peru, to contrast the characteristics of children with epidemic cholera with those of children with noncholera-associated diarrhea. among 626 patients 14 years of age or younger, vibrio cholerae o1 was isolated from stool specimens of 310 patients (49%), more commonly from children older than 24 months of age (66%; p < 0.0001) than from younger children. cholera was ... | 1995 | 7776088 |
| from the centers for disease control and prevention. cholera associated with food transported from el salvador--indiana, 1994. | 1995 | 7776490 | |
| effect of iron and ph on the survival of vibrio cholerae in water. | many physicochemical factors affect the survival of vibrio cholerae in the aquatic environment. an attempt was made to study the combined effect of ph and iron on the survival of v. cholerae in water in a laboratory environment. none of the 6 strains of v. cholerae used survived at ph 5.0; survival of all strains increased with increasing ph. the effect of ferric oxide on survival was significant for v. cholerae o1 only, not for non o1 strains. the longest survival of v. cholerae non o1 was 82 d ... | 1995 | 7778142 |
| [the cellular fatty acid composition of bacteria in the family vibrionaceae]. | vibrio cholerae strains, serovar o1, biovar eltor, subtype ogawa, isolated from different sources, v. cholerae classica and nag vibrios have identical cell fatty acid composition with the prevalence of hexadecenoic, hexadecanoic and octadecenoic acids. v. parahaemolyticus and v. alginolyticus fatty acid profiles, being identical, are similar to v. cholerae profile, differing from it mainly by a higher content of dodecanoic acid. the similarity of the fatty acid profiles of aeromonas sp. and vibr ... | 1995 | 7778361 |
| [bactericidal effect of hydrated lime in aqueous solution]. | this study determined the bactericidal effect of the supernatants of saturated solutions of common lime and of micronized calcium hydroxide (ca(oh)2) (1500 mg/l), which was used as a control, compared with disinfectants made of solutions of 0.33% colloidal silver (0.0016 mg/l), toluene sulfachloramine (41 mg/l) with sodium bicarbonate (9 mg/l), and sodium hypochlorite (5 mg/l). the test involved four strains of vibrio cholerae 01, v. parahaemolyticus, escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, sh ... | 1995 | 7779285 |
| [the 8th cholera pandemic: vibrio cholerae serogroup 0139 (bengala strain)]. | 1995 | 7779879 | |
| construction of an engineered bivalent vaccine strain consisting of vibrio cholerae ct-b and lps-o antigens. | in this study, the engineered e. coli strain 1046 containing v. cholerae lps-o and ctb bivalent antigen genes has been successfully obtained by using dna recombinant techniques. e. coli 1046 (pmg305) could not only express ct-b antigen but also secret ctb into medium as shown by gm1-elisa. meanwhile, whole cell o-antigen-elisa, bacterial agglutination test and hemagglutination inhibition assay demonstrated that lps-o antigen could be expressed on the cell surface by e. coli 1046 (pmg305) and sho ... | 1994 | 7780018 |
| cloning and sequencing of a novel hemolysis gene of vibrio cholerae. | a hemolysis gene (hlx) which lyses sheep erythrocytes on blood agar plates when expressed in escherichia coli was cloned from vibrio cholerae. the cloned gene is predicted to encode a polypeptide of 92 amino acid residues with a deduced molecular mass of 10,451. e. coli transformed with this gene lysed sheep, goose, horse and chicken erythrocytes but not those of guinea pig and human. the hlx gene was observed in classical- and el tor-biotype v. cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, and v. mimicus, b ... | 1995 | 7781973 |
| vibrio cholerae o139 in denmark. | 1995 | 7783553 | |
| analysis of vibrio cholerae toxr function by construction of novel fusion proteins. | the toxr protein is a transmembrane protein that regulates the expression of several virulence factors of vibrio cholerae. previous analysis of fusion proteins between toxr and alkaline phosphatase (toxr-phoa) suggested that toxr was active as a dimer. in order to determine whether dimerization of the toxr periplasmic domain was essential for activity, this domain was replaced by monomeric and dimeric protein domains. surprisingly, phoa (dimeric), beta-lactamase (monomeric, toxr-bla), or the leu ... | 1995 | 7783643 |
| comparison of a reversed passive latex agglutination and a polymerase chain reaction for identification of cholera toxin producing vibrio cholerae o1. | production of cholera toxin (ct) in aki medium and conservation of ct gene (ctx) of 49 strains of vibrio cholerae o1 were compared by reversed passive latex agglutination (rpla) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr). the production of ct agreed with conservation of the ctx in 48 out of the 49 strains. ten strains were positive, and 38 strains were negative by both methods. only one strain was negative in rpla and positive in pcr. this suggested that the combination of aki-sw and rpla is comparable ... | 1995 | 7783678 |
| characterization of an enterotoxin produced by vibrio cholerae o139. | a cholera-like enterotoxin was purified from vibrio cholerae o139 strain ai-1841 isolated from a diarrheal patient in bangladesh. its characteristics were compared with that of cholera toxins (cts) of classical strain 569b and el tor strain kt25. al-1841 produced as much toxin as o1 strains. the toxins were indistinguishable in terms of their migration profiles in conventional polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and isoelectrofocusin ... | 1995 | 7783690 |
| a discrete factor a is detected on vibrio cholerae non-o1, o:139 by laser flow cytometry. | a new serogroup of vibrio cholerae non-o1, o:139, has been implicated in recent epidemics. it was scanned with a factor a-specific fluoresceine-conjugated monoclonal antibody, searching for antigen determinants by laser flow cytometry. first, a group of gram-negative 4-amine-4, 6 dideoxy-d-mannose antigen-related microorganisms were tested to assess monoclonal antibody cross reactions. later, a clear recognition of antigen determinants was found with this monoclonal antibody, on v. cholerae non- ... | 1995 | 7784729 |
| heterologous antigen expression in vibrio cholerae vector strains. | live attenuated vector strains of vibrio cholerae were derived from peru-2, a peruvian el tor inaba strain deleted for the cholera toxin genetic element and attrs1 sequences, which was developed as a live, oral vaccine strain. a promoterless gene encoding the shiga-like toxin i b subunit (slt-ib) was inserted in the v. cholerae virulence gene irga by in vivo marker exchange, such that slt-ib was under transcriptional control of the iron-regulated irga promoter. slt-ib was also placed under trans ... | 1995 | 7790086 |
| presence of lysogenic phage in the outbreak strains of vibrio cholerae o139. | four outbreak strains of vibrio cholerae o139 from endemic areas of india and bangladesh were found to carry lysogenic phage(s). all of these phage(s) produced turbid plaques characteristic of lysogeny on v. cholerae mak 757 (el tor, ogawa) cells as well as on their vca-1 lysogens but were unable to infect v. cholerae 154 (classical) cells, the universal host for all classical phages. colonies in the turbid plaques were o139 lysogens and these developed an auxotrophic requirement, mainly for pur ... | 1995 | 7791203 |
| the history of live bacterial vaccines. | recent developments have made it possible to construct non-reverting live bacterial vaccine candidates with defined deletions of two or more genes. such vaccines have proven safe and immunogenic in human volunteers. since the virulent parent strains are only pathogenic to man (s. typhi, s. flexneri, and v. cholerae), they pose no threat to the environment. besides holding promise as efficacious vaccines for protection against typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery and cholera, the attenuated strains ... | 1995 | 7796956 |
| vibrio cholerae cvd103-hgr live oral attenuated vaccine: construction, safety, immunogenicity, excretion and non-target effects. | in many controlled studies, cvd103-hgr has been shown to be safe and immunogenic and to offer a significant degree of protection against experimental cholera after a single dose. its minimal excretion and limited ability to compete and survive in various ecosystems indicate that this strain presents little risk to the environment. furthermore, the potential of cvd103-hgr to regain virulence by acquisition of the ct a or lt a gene is extremely remote even under optimal conditions. therefore, cvd1 ... | 1995 | 7796960 |
| the emerging diversity of the electrophoretic types of vibrio cholerae in the western hemisphere. | since the latin american cholera epidemic began in 1991, 447 isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 from the western hemisphere have been assayed by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (mee) to determine allelic variation among 16 enzyme-encoding genes. two electrophoretic types (ets) were identified among toxigenic isolates from latin america: 323 were et 4, the et associated with the latin american epidemic, and 29 were et 3. twenty-three of these et 3 isolates had a distinctive antimicrobial resistance ... | 1995 | 7797907 |
| summary of the 29th united states-japan joint conference on cholera and related diarrheal diseases. | 1995 | 7798685 | |
| non 0-1 vibrio cholerae septicemia and culture negative neutrocytic ascites in a patient with chronic liver disease. | non 0-1 vibrio cholerae infection is often associated with ingestion of contaminated seafood and its common presentation is gastroenteritis. septicemia may be found in immunocompromised hosts resulting in mortality approaching 50%. a case is reported of non 0-1 vibrio cholerae infection presenting with septicemia in a patient with neutrocytic ascites suggestive of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | 1994 | 7798872 |
| simultaneous outbreak due to vibrio cholerae and shigella dysenteriae in kenya. | 1995 | 7799734 | |
| morphologic evaluation of the pathogenesis of bacterial enteric infections. | current advances in the understanding of the pathogenicity of the agents of diarrheal infections, vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic e. coli, shigella, salmonella, and enteropathogenic yersinia, have, to a great extent, become possible due to morphological studies of host-pathogen interactions in natural and experimental infections. despite a multigenic nature and a diversity of pathogenic features in the bacterial species and even in serogroups of the same species, it is now possible to delineate f ... | 1994 | 7802956 |