Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| production of vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1 typing sera in rabbits immunized with polysaccharide-protein carrier conjugates. | two systems are currently used to serologically type vibrio cholerae o1 and non-o1 isolates. antiserovar-serotype serum in the smith system is produced in rabbits immunized with live whole-cell vaccines, and that in the sakazaki system is produced in rabbits immunized with heat-killed vaccines. in neither system is the serovar-serotype-specific antigen clearly defined. during the course of a serological survey, ca. 10% of more than 2,500 v. cholerae isolates examined agglutinated in the optimal ... | 1984 | 6199368 |
| isolation of nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae o group 1 from a patient with severe gastrointestinal disease. | a nontoxigenic strain of vibrio cholerae o group 1 was isolated in florida from the stool of a patient with severe diarrhea. the strain had the same hemolytic and unique phage-sensitivity pattern as all toxigenic isolates from recent cases of cholera in texas and louisiana. identical strains were transiently isolated from sewerage systems in two other florida communities, suggesting that multiple human infections had occurred. this is the first indication that v. cholerae o1 strains which do not ... | 1984 | 6199370 |
| [various characteristics of nag-vibrio isolated during the cold season]. | 1984 | 6199563 | |
| studies on the partial structure of the o-antigen of vibrio cholera ogawa g-2102. | detailed information was obtained regarding the partial structure of the lipopolysaccharide (lps), containing glucose, glucuronic acid, 2-amino-2-deoxy-glucose, l-glycero-d-gluco-heptose, and small proportions of l-glycero-d-manno-heptose, mannose, and galactose, isolated from vibrio cholera ogawa g-2102. structures of three oligosaccharides were determined. results of deamination experiments established the sequence of the linkages between the amino sugar and heptose residues in the o-antigenic ... | 1983 | 6200223 |
| immunological differences among the cholera/coli family of enterotoxins. | pure enterotoxins from two strains of vibrio cholerae and choleragen-related heat-labile enterotoxins (lts) from strains of escherichia coli of human and porcine origin were examined by ouchterlony-type immunodiffusion assays and by neutralization tests in y-1 adrenal cells using specific and immunopurified antisera. in accordance with previous findings, the results indicated that each of the toxins shared antigens with each of the others and that each, in addition, possessed unique antigenic de ... | 1983 | 6201315 |
| serological studies on vibrio fluvialis. | the serology of 138 strains of vibrio fluvialis was studied. eighteen o-antigenic groups were defined among them and it was shown that the h antigens of all the strains were identical regardless of the biovar. the presence of mucoid antigen, which inhibits o agglutination, was found in some strains. as all o antisera for v. fluvialis contained some r antibody, all diagnostic o sera must be absorbed with r organisms before use. some o antigens of v. fluvialis were identical with those of certain ... | 1983 | 6202906 |
| [choleragen-anatoxin chemical cholera vaccine enriched with ogawa o-antigen]. | the cultural fluid of vibrio cholerae strains of serovar ogawa, grown under the conditions of submerged cultivation, has been shown to contain a large amount of soluble o-antigen which sharply differs from all other concomitant components in its molecular weight. by enriching the commercial chemical cholera vaccine known as choleragen toxoid with purified ogawa o-antigen a new preparation, consisting mainly of cholera toxoid and ogawa and inaba o-antigens and capable of producing pronounced immu ... | 1984 | 6204471 |
| investigation of populations heterogeneous according to o-antigen in vibrio cholerae cultures. | the o-antigenic composition of 36 cultures of vibrio cholerae agglutinating simultaneously with 01 cholera sera and 0 sera to nag vibrios of the sakazaki collection was investigated. it has been established experimentally that under the effect of medium and environmental conditions such cultures dissociate to subcultures differing in their affiliation to different serological groups according to 0 antigen. the passage of these cultures in the organism of susceptible animals promotes preservation ... | 1984 | 6206130 |
| identical 5s rrna nucleotide sequence of vibrio cholerae strains representing temporal, geographical, and ecological diversity. | enzymatic determination of the nucleotide sequence of 5s rrna prepared from a vibrio cholerae non-o1 serovar isolated from a canal in louisiana in 1978 revealed it to be identical to that of v. cholerae o1 isolated in 1905 from a pilgrim at the e1 tor quarantine station. the two strains are associated with sharply contrasting habitats. ranges of variation of 5 to 15% in procaryotic 5s rrna sequences between species are typical; variation within species may be 2% or greater. because the 5s rrna s ... | 1984 | 6206795 |
| [influence of cultivation medium on the release and properties of lps from non-01 vibrio cholerae (author's transl)]. | 1982 | 6212135 | |
| characterization of human peripheral blood t lymphocytes bearing receptors for autologous erythrocytes and t lymphocytes lacking these receptors. | when human t cells were treated with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae, the capacity of t cells to form rosettes with autologous erythrocytes was markedly enhanced. the neuraminidase-treated t cells wee separated with autologous erythrocytes into autorosetting and nonrosetting cell populations, and these two populations examined for their reactivity to mitogens and b cells and for their regulatory activities. autorosetting t cells proliferated poorly in response to mitogens and autologous and a ... | 1982 | 6212591 |
| [complex studies in the surveillance of the environmental vibrio flora in the city of gorki and gorki province]. | the analysis of the results of the comprehensive studies (phenotypic and genotypic properties, the precipitation test with the use of spontaneously agglutinating cultures, the determination of the antigenic structure by immunochemical analysis, etc.) carried out during the sanitary microbiological control of the environmental vibrioflora for the last 5 years are presented. only the combined use of the above-mentioned methods has allowed to ascertain the taxonomic position of atypical cultures. | 1982 | 6218723 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin (mk-0366, am-715) and other agents against gastrointestinal tract pathogens. | a comparison was made of the in vitro activities of norfloxacin and of nine other orally administered antibacterial agents against 180 clinical isolates representing the bacterial species most frequently implicated in infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. the 90% minimal inhibitory concentrations showed norfloxacin to be 4, 15, 4, 17, 17, 17, and 33 times more active than the next best compound tested against campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni, escherichia coli, salmonella spp., shi ... | 1983 | 6219622 |
| [oral rehydration therapy]. | 1983 | 6221741 | |
| [effect of the culture medium on the morphology of vibrio cholerae non-01]. | 1983 | 6225539 | |
| etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhea in children in an urban community in burma. | 1983 | 6226849 | |
| [bacteriocinogenicity of brucellae isolated in foci in the caucasus and their evaluation from taxonomic viewpoints]. | the aim of the study was to elucidate the possibility of using bacteriocinogenicity of brucella as taxonomic feature, to determine their phylogenetic relation to other microorganisms by their bacteriocinogenic properties and to investigate the physicochemical properties of brucellacin and conditions for its stable detection. the brucella cultures were isolated in the caucasus. investigation of their capacity for production of bacteriocin according to the procedure described by m.a. konstantinova ... | 1984 | 6230043 |
| [hemolytic activity of vibrio cholerae non-01]. | 1984 | 6239700 | |
| hydrolysis of di- and trisialo gangliosides in micellar and liposomal dispersion by bacterial neuraminidases. | the hydrolysis of di- and trisialo gangliosides by bacterial neuraminidases was investigated. slow rates of hydrolysis were obtained with micellar dispersions of the pure gangliosides; the rates increased considerably with mixtures of ganglioside and phospholipids, such as phosphatidylcholine or sphingomyelin. the greatest rates of hydrolysis were obtained with mixtures containing 5-10 mol% ganglioside and 90-95% phospholipid. with the aid of the nonpenetrating reagent trinitrobenzenesulfonic ac ... | 1980 | 6243952 |
| hydrolysis of gangliosides in micellar and liposomal dispersion by bacterial neuraminidases. | aqueous dispersions of pure gangliosides contain micelles of these compounds. in this dispersion state, the rates of hydrolysis of the neuraminyl residues by bacterial neuraminidases are slowest. incorporation of gangliosides into mixed dispersion with other lipids or into mixed micelles with bile salts considerably increases the reaction rates. the greatest reaction rates are obtained when di- or trisialogangliosides are incorporated into unilamellar vesicles of lecithin or sphingomyelin. | 1980 | 6244720 |
| effects of clostridium difficile toxin on tissue-cultured cells. | a partially purified toxin of clostridium difficile induced similar morphologic changes in three different tissue-cultured mammalian cell lines. the morphologic changes were not associated with biochemical changes indentical to those caused by the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli. although the mechanisms responsible for the noncytotoxic morphologic effects remain to be delineated, the toxin appears to exert its effects by directly affecting membrane constituents. | 1980 | 6245152 |
| the polymyxin sensitivity and the phosphatidyl ethanolamine content of the vibrio cholerae membranes. | the phospholipid composition of three different strains of vibrio cholerae was determined by quantitative two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography. the polymyxin sensitivity of the whole organisms or of the liposomes derived from the total phospholipids of these organisms depended solely on the phosphatidyl ethanolamine content of the system concerned and could be quantitatively related by the equations y1 = 1.074 x1 - 9.828 and y2 = 1.22 x2 - 34.47 where y represents the maximum lysis (%)/hr a ... | 1980 | 6247314 |
| the ganglioside content of the milk fat-globule membrane and the mouse mammary-tumour virus isolated from the milk of infected mice. partial characterization of a new disialoganglioside. | the milk fat-globule membrane and the mouse mammary-tumour virus isolated from the milk of infected swiss mice have been investigated for their content in gangliosides. when compared on the lipid phosphorus basis, viral envelope is found to contain more than twice as much lipid-bound sialic acid as fat-globule membrane. the ganglioside patterns of these two structures appear rather similar, except for the occurrence in fat-globule membrane of a low ganglioside homolog, presumably gm2, not detect ... | 1980 | 6249587 |
| action of polymyxin b on liposomes prepared from cholera & el tor vibrios. | 1980 | 6249729 | |
| the influence of glycosidases and lectins on insulin binding to zajdela hepatoma cells. | 1980 | 6250906 | |
| influence of various immunomodulators on the induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in lewis rats. | 1980 | 6250977 | |
| comparative in vitro activities of cefotaxime and ceftizoxime (fk749): new cephalosporins with exceptional potency. | cefotaxime and its desacetoxymethyl derivative, ceftizoxime (previously known as fk749), are both extremely active against a wide spectrum of bacteria. in the present comparative study, the activity of ceftizoxime exceeded that of cefotaxime by a factor of four or more for strains of klebsiella, enterobacter, providencia, serratia, and bacteroides; the only species for which the activity of cefotaxime exceeded that of ceftizoxime by a factor of four was vibrio cholerae. against other species, th ... | 1980 | 6252829 |
| attachment of sa-11 rotavirus to erythrocyte receptors. | treatment of human group o and sheep erythrocytes with receptor-destroying enzyme rendered them inagglutinable by simian rotavirus sa-11. the erythrocyte receptors were also removed by periodate oxidation and markedly reduced by incubation with a high concentration of trypsin, but they were not altered by infectivity-enhancing concentrations of trypsin, p-hydroxymercuribenzoate, or sodium sulfite (na2so3). hemagglutinating activity of the virus particles was destroyed by periodate oxidation at 3 ... | 1980 | 6253396 |
| polymyxin b release of unnicked cholera toxin subunit a. | polymyxin b treatment of vibrio cholerae 569b grown with or without lincomycin released an extracytoplasmic pool of free unnicked cholera toxin subunit a. | 1980 | 6254947 |
| sendai virus utilizes specific sialyloligosaccharides as host cell receptor determinants. | purified sialyltransferases (cmp-n-acetyl-neuraminate:d-galactosyl-glycoprotein n-acetylneuraminyl-transferase, ec 2.4.99.1) in conjunction with neuraminidase (acylneuraminyl hydrolase, ec 3.2.1.18) were used to produce cell surface sialyloligosaccharides of defined sequence to investigate their role in paramyxovirus infection of host cells. infection of madin-darby bovine kidney cells by sendai virus was monitored by hemagglutination titer of the virus produced and by changes in morphological c ... | 1980 | 6255459 |
| [genetic study of cholera vibrios]. | 1980 | 6255711 | |
| the chemistry and biology of cholera toxin. | 1980 | 6256124 | |
| [use of a transposon determining tetracycline resistance (tn10) in genetic studies of cholera vibrios]. | introduction of tetracycline-resistance transposon tn10 into rts1 (km), a plasmid which is temperature-sensitive for dna replication, made it possible to construct pns10 (km tc) plasmid used as a vehicle for transferring tn10 from escherichia coli to cholera vibrio v. el tor 218 as a result of intergeneric crosses. while being translocated from the plasmid genome to the chromosome of cholera vibrio transconjugants, tn10 was able of insertion into structural genes thus leading to the formation of ... | 1980 | 6257586 |
| [transposon-induced genetic rearrangements in the chromosome of vibrio el tor and their application to the construction of the first genetic map of a cholera vibrio]. | the specificity of integration of chloramphenicol resistance transposon (tn9) into vibrio el tor chromosome was studied. as shown by the isolation of auxotrophs offerring various nitritional requirements, tn9 displayed fairly low specificity in its interaction with the chromosome. when inserted into cholera vibrio chromosome, tn9 induced secondary rearrangements of genetic material. nutritional requirements were identified for the polyauxotrophic clones which resulted from the mutations in chrom ... | 1980 | 6257590 |
| escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin genes are flanked by repeated deoxyribonucleic acid sequences. | the enterotoxin regions of the heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin (lt+ st+) plasmid, pjy11, originating in a clinically isolated escherichia coli strain, have been isolated as various-sized deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) fragments by using cloning vehicles. the structure of the lt+ region and its neighboring dna regions was studied by utilizing these recombinant plasmids. the lt+ region consisted of at least two genes, toxa and toxb, which could complement each other in trans. the toxa- and to ... | 1981 | 6257652 |
| [studies on antibacterial activity of cephotaxime (hr 756), a new antibiotic of the cephalosporin group (author's transl)]. | cephotaxime (hr 756) is a new cephalosporin antibiotic of wide spectrum and extraordinary activity, suitable for parenteral administration. it is highly resistant to the beta-lactamases of gram negative bacilli, being thus especially active against microorganisms such as indole-positive proteus, serratia marcencens, and others usually resistant to most beta-lactamic antibiotics because of their ability to produce beta-lactamases of high activity. the sensitivity of 355 different bacterial strain ... | 1980 | 6257990 |
| receptor-specific large-scale purification of cholera toxin on silica beads derivatized with lysogm1 ganglioside. | 1. a receptor-specific affinity chromatographic method for large-scale purification of cholera toxin is described. the receptor ganglioside for cholera toxin, gm1, is hydrolysed to lysogm1 which is then covalently coupled, via stabilized schiff's bases, to porous silica beads (spherosil) onto which a layer of deae-dextran has been adsorbed and cross-linked before coupling. columns of these spherosil-deae-dextran-lysogm1 beads, in contrast to particles derivatized with lysoga1, bound the cholera ... | 1981 | 6258916 |
| epidemiology of acute diarrheal disease. | 1980 | 6259574 | |
| [signal transfer from beta-adrenergic receptor to adenylate cyclase (author's transl)]. | hormonally stimulated adenylate cyclase of vertebrate cells is composed of at least three components which span the bilayer of the biological membrane: a hormone receptor, a gtp-binding coupling unit and a catalytic component synthesizing camp from atp. the coupling unit possesses gtpase activity enabling the hormonal signal to be delicately regulated. the molecular mechanism by which the enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae exerts its action, is an adp-ribosyl transfer to the gtp-binding component, w ... | 1980 | 6260124 |
| further evidence on the cytoplasmic existence of polymyxin resistance factor in vibrio cholerae-- "eltor". | 1980 | 6260631 | |
| transfer of polymyxin-resistance from bacillus polymyxa : transformation of gram-positive & gram-negative bacteria. | 1980 | 6260634 | |
| vibrio cholerae conjugative plasmid psj15 contains transposable prophage dvca1. | evidence is presented that defective prophage dvca1 in vibrio cholerae strain 162 was transposed to the hybrid p::tn1 plasmid psj5. properties of the resulting conjugative plasmid, psj15, indicated that bacteriophage vca1, like coliphage mu, can insert at many sites. by analogy with other hfr-like donors, the high-frequency, polarized chromosomal transfer mediated by plasmid psj15 in strain 162 appeared to depend on plasmid integration through the homologous dvca1 sequences in both replicons. wh ... | 1981 | 6260754 |
| stool electrolyte content and purging rates in diarrhea caused by rotavirus, enterotoxigenic e. coli, and v. cholerae in children. | one hundred twenty children below 5 years of age with diarrhea caused by vibrio cholerae, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, or rotavirus were studied for stool electrolyte composition and purging rates. the mean purging rate in cholera was 60.1 ml, in etec 39.2 ml, and in rotavirus infection 31.4 ml/kg/8 hour. the mean stool sodium concentration in cholera was 88.9 mmol/l, in etec 53.7 mmol/l, and in rotavirus infection 37.2 mmol/l. stool potassium concentration did not show much variation, mean ... | 1981 | 6262471 |
| specific monosaccharide inhibition of active sodium channels in neuroblastoma cells. | l-fucose and d-galactose in low concentrations (0.27 or 2.7 mm) inhibited the induction of active na+ channels in mouse and human neuroblastoma cells when the monosaccharides were added to the culture medium for 4 days with the inducing agent dimethyl sulfoxide. active na+ ionophores were determined by measurement of the toxin-stimulated efflux of 86rb from the cells. at the same time, the amount of a radioactive glycoprotein (mr 200,000), which was shown previously to be associated with neurite ... | 1981 | 6262760 |
| the determination and localization of sialic acid in guinea-pig granulocytes. | when intact guinea-pig granulocytes (polymorphonuclear leucocytes) disrupted by sonication or with detergent were treated with neuraminidase from vibrio cholerae, 3.1--3.2 nmol of sialic acid/10(7) cells was released. by using a chromatographic procedure for the specific determination of total cell sialic acid, this releasable portion was found to constitute 70% of the total sialate. all of the neuraminidase-releasable sialic acid of the cells could be removed by enzymic treatment of intact cell ... | 1980 | 6263258 |
| [role of cyclic amp in bacterial physiology. advances of research since 1973]. | 1980 | 6264180 | |
| [methods of biologic testing of enterotoxins]. | 1981 | 6264715 | |
| transposon-facilitated recombination in classical biotypes of vibrio cholerae. | transposon-facilitated recombination (tfr) donors of classical vibrio cholerae strain 162 were constructed by introducing the ampicillin transposon tn1 into the p conjugative plasmid and the bacterial chromosome. the improved donors mediated high-frequency, polarized transfer of chromosomal genes from origins to confirm the gene orders of the previous classical strain 162 genetic map and to establish its circularity. significant transfer of linked genes from e1 tor tfr donors to classical recipi ... | 1981 | 6265372 |
| comparison of extracellular & intracellular level of cyclic amp between the toxinogenic & non-toxinogenic strains of vibrio cholerae. | 1981 | 6269992 | |
| specific gangliosides function as host cell receptors for sendai virus. | the ability of specific gangliosides to function as host cell receptors for sendai virus was investigated by using madin-darby bovine kidney cells which become resistant to infection upon treatment with vibrio cholerae sialidase. sialidase-treated cells were incubated for 20 min at 37 degrees c with individual, highly purified gangliosides containing homogeneous carbohydrate moieties and then inoculated with virus for 10 min. susceptibility of the cells to infection was monitored by hemagglutina ... | 1981 | 6272300 |
| [1h-nmr spectroscopy--a potent method for the determination of substrate specificity of sialidases (author's transl)]. | we describe here the application of 1h-nmr spectroscopy to determine the substrate specificity of sialidases using a 1:1 mixture of neuac alpha 2-3gal beta 1-4glc and neuac alpha 2-6gal beta 1-4glc, one viral and five bacterial sialidases. this method utilizes the separate signals in nmr spectra, characteristic for the different alpha ketosidically linked neuac residues and also for bound and free neuac. the signals generally most suitable for these purposes are those of h3a, h3e and ncoch3. by ... | 1981 | 6273284 |
| viruses and bacteria in pediatric diarrhea in thailand: a study of multiple antibiotic-resistant enteric pathogens. | children with diarrhea admitted to a rehydration ward of a children's hospital in bangkok were investigated to determine the prevalence of enteric pathogens, the extent of children's previous antibiotic therapy, and the frequency of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance among infecting bacteria. rotavirus (36%), enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (18%), shigella (9%), salmonella (6%), campylobacter jejuni/coli (4%), and vibrio cholerae (2%) infections were among 105 children with diarrhea. antibi ... | 1981 | 6275727 |
| potentiating effect of bile on enterotoxin-induced diarrhea. | the influence of bile acids on adenosine 3',5'-phosphate-induced intestinal secretion was studied in mice. bile flow was stopped by ligation of the common bile duct, and secretion was induced in ligated loops of the small intestine. the decrease of bile led to inhibition of hypersecretion after challenge with heat-labile enterotoxins from vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli, as well as with prostaglandin e1. in contrast, the fluid response induced by dibutyryl-adenosine 3',5'-phosphate was unaf ... | 1982 | 6276300 |
| longitudinal studies of infectious diseases and physical growth of children in rural bangladesh. ii. incidence of diarrhea and association with known pathogens. | longitudinal studies were done in two villages rural bangladesh to learn more about the interactions between infectious diseases and the nutritional status of children. diarrheal diseases, identified by surveillance of 197 children aged 2-60 months, were studied for bacterial, viral and parasitic enteropathogens in 1978-1979. the annual incidence of diarrhea was highest in children aged 2-11 months, and declined progressively with age from seven to four episodes per child per year. an enteropath ... | 1982 | 6278925 |
| comparison of paired whole milk and dried filter paper samples for anti-enterotoxin and anti-rotavirus activities. | milk specimens, 75 from cows immunized against cholera toxin and 35 from a human population in which enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and rotaviral infections are endemic, were collected as paired filter paper and frozen whole milk samples. each pair was tested for antibody activity against heat-labile e. coli and vibrio cholerae enterotoxins. additionally, 12 of the 35 paired human milk samples stored as frozen whole milk and dried on filter paper were tested for anti-rotavirus immunoglobulin a ... | 1982 | 6286715 |
| isolation and partial characterization of surface components of cell line mda-mb-231 derived from a human metastatic breast carcinoma. | neuraminidase (vibrio cholerae) treatment of human metastatic mammary carcinoma mda-mb-231 cells grown in culture released 0.60-0.63 mg of n-acetylneuraminic acid from 10(9) cells. incubation of intact cells with a modified trypsin and fractionation by gel filtration gave mainly o-glycopeptides. the presence of o-glycosyl-linked chains having one or two carbohydrate residues was confirmed by treatment of the glycopeptide fractions with galactose oxidase, followed by reduction with alkaline sodiu ... | 1982 | 6287076 |
| [isolation of vibrio eltor mutants producing melanin and the mapping of the mel locus using transposons]. | melanin-producing v. eltor mutants obtained by means of the transposon which determines resistance to tetracycline (tn 10) are described. gene mel is believed to be localized on the chromosome of v. eltor in the region of markers his trp met ura rif arg ilv. | 1982 | 6287769 |
| purification of chlamydia trachomatis lymphogranuloma venereum elementary bodies and their interaction with hela cells. | a procedure has been developed to yield infectious elementary bodies of the lymphogranuloma venereum strains lgv 434 and 404 of chlamydia trachomatis, labelled during intracellular growth in hela 229 cells. the final preparation, obtained after velocity sedimentation of a polycarbonate membrane-filtered sample through a sucrose gradient, is free of host proteins and, more importantly, of chlamydial reticulate bodies. using such purified preparations, it was found that the association of lgv 434 ... | 1982 | 6288839 |
| the expression of biologically active cholera toxin in escherichia coli. | chromosomal dna from vibrio cholerae el tor strain 1621 was digested with hind iii and the products fractionated by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient. a 15kb fragment containing the toxin gene of v. cholerae was identified by its homology with the heat labile toxin (lt) gene of toxigenic e. coli. this fragment was cloned in e. coli using pat153 and subsequently characterised by digestion with different restriction endonucleases. sequences homologous to the lt gene were identified by hybr ... | 1982 | 6290992 |
| characteristics of boric acid tolerant vibrio cholerae. | two strains of boric acid tolerant vibrio cholerae have been studied in order to identify the characteristics which distinguish them from the 'wild-type' virulent strains. strain ib5 requires either amino acid cysteine or methionine while strain ib5s requires deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) for growth. although the strains did not grow on desoxycholate citrate agar (dca) they grew well on chocolate agar. morphologically filamentous, bacillary and comma-shaped forms were seen, depending on the media ... | 1982 | 6291353 |
| [primary mapping of the oag locus determining the synthesis of the somatic o-antigen on the vibrio eltor chromosome]. | 1982 | 6293917 | |
| [vibrio eltor mutants with altered hemolysin production: their isolation and characteristics]. | hemolysin hyper- hypoproductive vibrio eltor mutants and hemolytically inactive clones were isolated using tetracycline (tn10) and chloramphenicol (tn9) resistance transposons. chromosomal localization was demonstrated for hml gene(s) involved in hemolysin production. mutations responsible for an altered hemolysin production are likely to be situated closely to pur ura arg met chromosomal markers. | 1982 | 6293923 |
| experimental studies on enteropathogenicity of vibrio cholerae serotypes other than 1. | vibrio cholerae serotypes other than i have come to be recognised as an important aetiological agent of choleraic diarrhoea and a few of them have been shown to ben enterotoxigenic in experimental models. this study was taken up with strains belonging to all the known 59 serotypes. live cells and culture filtrates of all the strains could cause accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loops. however, eleven strains did so after 1-2 serial passages in rabbit gut. all the culture filtrates could also ... | 1982 | 6295024 |
| effects of temperature and salinity on vibrio cholerae growth. | laboratory microecosystems (microcosms) prepared with a chemically defined sea salt solution were used to study effects of selected environmental parameters on growth and activity of vibrio cholerae. growth responses under simulated estuarine conditions of 10 strains of v. cholerae, including clinical and environmental isolates as well as serovars o1 and non-o1, were compared, and all strains yielded populations of approximately the same final size. effects of salinity and temperature on extende ... | 1982 | 6295276 |
| receptor-like glycocompounds in human milk that inhibit classical and el tor vibrio cholerae cell adherence (hemagglutination). | the two biotypes of vibrio cholerae were found to have cell-associated hemagglutinins which differ with regard to binding to different species of erythrocytes and inhibition by monosaccharides. a total of 12 classical v. cholerae strains (inaba or ogawa) strongly agglutinated human erythrocytes in a reaction specifically inhibited by l-fucose, whereas 12 el tor strains preferably agglutinated chicken erythrocytes, a reaction reversed by d-mannose or by higher concentrations of d-fructose, d-gluc ... | 1983 | 6295953 |
| automatic and manual latex agglutination tests for measurement of cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli. | automated and manual latex agglutination methods were employed to measure cholera toxin (ct), heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of escherichia coli, and their subunits a and b. dow polystyrene latex particles (diameter, 0.22 microns) and polystyrene-chlorostyrene latex particles (diameter, 1 micron) were sensitized by rabbit-specific immunoglobulin for each antigen and used as the reagents of the automated and manual agglutination tests, respectively. automated agglutination was performed by a nephel ... | 1983 | 6298275 |
| direct assay of bound sialic acids on rat spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis. | bound sialic acids on rat spermatozoa were assayed by oxidation with 1 mm-naio4 at 0 degree c, liberating c-9 as formaldehyde which was further quantitated using 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone. the mean +/- s.d. (n = 20) content of bound sialic acids of spermatozoa from the caput and cauda epididymidis was 50.9 +/- 8.0 and 25.2 +/- 3.8 nmol/10(8) spermatozoa respectively. about 85% of the former and 75% of the latter could be extracted by 1% triton x-100 and 2 mm-dithiothreitol. about 70% of the f ... | 1983 | 6300382 |
| the specificity of viral and bacterial sialidases for alpha(2-3)- and alpha(2-6)-linked sialic acids in glycoproteins. | the anomeric specificity of six sialidases (vibrio cholerae, arthrobacter ureafaciens, clostridium perfringens, newcastle disease virus, fowl plague virus and influenza a2 virus sialidases) was assessed with sialylated antifreeze glycoprotein, ovine submandibular gland glycoprotein and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, resialylated specifically in alpha(2-3) or alpha(2-6) linkage with n-acetylneuraminic acid or n-glycolylneuraminic acid using highly purified sialyltransferases. the rate of release of s ... | 1983 | 6301560 |
| action of alpha-galactosidase from clostridium sporogenes and coffee beans on blood group b antigen of erythrocytes. the effect on the viability of erythrocytes in circulation. | the effect of alpha-galactosidase, purified from clostridium sporogenes (maebashi), was examined on erythrocytes from rats, rabbits and gibbons. the amount of galactose released by alpha-galactosidase from cl. sporogenes and from coffee beans was compared. the amount of sialic acid released by vibrio cholera sialidase was also determined. loss of blood group b specificity following treatment with alpha-galactosidase was demonstrated with anti-b lectin. in animal models, removal of all the alpha- ... | 1983 | 6304953 |
| aetiological studies on hospital in-patients with acute diarrhoea in calcutta. | bacterial enteropathogens and rotavirus were sought in 356 cases with acute diarrhoea admitted to the infectious diseases hospital, calcutta. one or more pathogens were isolated from 74.7% of the cases. single enteropathogens could be detected from 66% and multiple enteropathogens from 8.7% of the patients. vibrio cholerae biotype el tor, rotavirus, v. parahaemolyticus, and enteropathogenic and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli were the major pathogens detected. rotavirus was detected from 7.6% o ... | 1983 | 6306873 |
| value of stool examination in patients with diarrhoea. | findings of stool examinations in 1593 patients with diarrhoea due to a single enteric pathogen--enterotoxigenic escherichia coli rotavirus, shigella, campylobacter jejuni, vibrio cholerae 0:1, entamoeba histolytica, or giardia lamblia--were reviewed to determine how well they predicted the agent associated with the diarrhoea. specimens were examined visually for blood and mucus, tested for ph, and examined under a microscope for the presence of red and white blood cells, parasites, and stool fa ... | 1983 | 6307460 |
| [sporadic case or the onset of a new cholera epidemic]. | 1983 | 6307536 | |
| the expression of biologically active cholera toxin in escherichia coli. | chromosomal dna from vibrio cholerae e1 tor strain 1621 was digested with hind iii and the fragments obtained fractionated by centrifugation through a sucrose gradient. a 15kb fragment which contained the toxin gene of v. cholerae was identified by its homology with the heat labile toxin (lt) gene of toxigenic e. coli. this fragment was cloned in e. coli using pat153 and subsequently characterized by restriction endonuclease digestion. sequences homologous to the lt gene were identified by hybri ... | 1983 | 6307786 |
| pathophysiologic features of swine dysentery: cyclic nucleotide-independent production of diarrhea. | net electrolyte and water transport and unidirectional na+ fluxes were examined in ligated colonic loops of clinically normal pigs and in pigs with swine dysentery (etiologic agent treponema hyodysenteriae) in the presence or absence of theophylline. in normal pigs, theophylline abolished net na+ absorption via a reduction in the lumen-to-blood flux, decreased cl- absorption, and increased hco3- accumulation in the lumen. in infected pigs, all net ion transport was abolished, with the addition o ... | 1983 | 6309041 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of mecillinam with other antimicrobial chemotherapeutic agents against salmonella shigella and el tor vibrio cholerae. | 1982 | 6309499 | |
| evidence indicating that the cholera toxin structural genes of vibrio cholerae rj1 and 3083-2 are between met and trp. | an enterotoxin a subunit-specific radioactive probe was used to correlate expression of vct-1 or vct-2 with the presence of specific restriction fragments in the dnas of several wild-type and recombinant vibrio cholerae strains. the data are consistent with the conclusion that vct is a cholera toxin structural gene. | 1983 | 6311752 |
| mapping of chromosomal genes that determine the el tor biotype in vibrio cholerae. | the el tor biotype of vibrio cholerae has several characteristics that differentiate it from the classical biotype of v. cholerae. among these are production of soluble hemolysin(s), a cell-associated hemagglutinin for chicken erythrocytes, resistance to polymyxin b, and resistance to bacteriophages of mukerjee group iv. in the present study, we located the determinants for hemolysin (hly), chicken erythrocyte hemagglutinin (cha), and polymyxin b resistance (pmx) on the genetic map of v. cholera ... | 1983 | 6315594 |
| sialomucin in paget cells of extramammary paget's disease. | the cytoplasmic sialomucin in paget cells of extramammary paget's disease was examined by means of a battery of histochemical techniques. the staining methods used involved an electrolyte--alcian blue (ph 5.8), periodic acid--schiff and azure a at selected ph levels. methylation, saponification, borohydride reduction, acid hydrolysis, and digestion with diastase, neuraminidase (vibrio cholerae) or chondroitinase abc, were also employed. the cytoplasmic mucin was found to exhibit positive reactio ... | 1983 | 6315643 |
| nucleotide sequence analysis of the a2 and b subunits of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. | we have determined the sequence of the dna encoding the a2 (gamma) and b subunits of vibrio cholerae enterotoxin. the order of the subunits as they would be transcribed is a2-b and the termination codon of the a2 subunit overlaps the initiation codon of the b subunit by four bases. sequence analysis revealed a region capable of coding for a 21-amino acid leader peptide located at the nh2 terminus of the b subunit. while the nucleotide sequence homology between the cholera enterotoxin subunits an ... | 1983 | 6315707 |
| [the camp system and bacterial toxins]. | the effects of cytotoxic proteinaceous bacterial toxins on the adenylate cyclase cyclic adenosine monophosphate (camp) system of host cells are reviewed. bacterial exotoxins affecting intracellular camp levels of host cells can be classified into two subgroups: (1) adenosine diphosphate (adp)-ribosyl-transferases and, (2) invasive adenylate cyclases. among the adp-ribosylating toxins are the enterotoxins of vibrio cholerae, of escherichia coli and one of the pertussis toxins termed "islet-activa ... | 1983 | 6317939 |
| effect of cholera enterotoxin on calcium uptake and cyclic amp accumulation in rat basophilic leukemia cells. | cholera enterotoxin (ct), at an optimal concentration of 2.38 x 10(-10) m, stimulated calcium uptake (p less than 0.01) and cyclic amp accumulation (p less than 0.02) in cultured rat basophilic leukemia cells. no significant effect of ct on calcium release or cyclic gmp accumulation was detected. pharmacologic and chemical agents which block calcium uptake or prostaglandin synthesis antagonized the effect of ct. | 1984 | 6321261 |
| pivmecillinam, co-trimoxazole and oral mecillinam in gastroenteritis due to vibrio spp. | the comparative efficacy of antibacterial therapy with pivmecillinam or cotrimoxazole and general supportive care only was studied in patients with severe bacterial gastroenteritis. overall, treatment with antibiotics proved significantly superior to rehydration alone in 42 children. active therapy also had a statistically beneficial effect in children infected with vibrio cholerae and v. parahaemolyticus. pivmecillinam and co-trimoxazole were equally effective. pivmecillinam and oral mecillinam ... | 1984 | 6323378 |
| recombinant nontoxinogenic vibrio cholerae strains as attenuated cholera vaccine candidates. | an ideal vaccine does not yet exist to prevent cholera, a significant health problem in many less developed countries. vibrio cholerae, the agent of epidemic and endemic cholera, colonizes the small bowel and secretes a potent enterotoxin that consists of a single a subunit, which stimulates adenylate cyclase activity, and five identical b subunits which bind to the ganglioside gm1 receptor of intestinal mucosal cells. previous studies in man indicate that toxoid-derived antitoxic immunity by it ... | 1984 | 6324005 |
| intestinal adaptation to cyclic amp-mediated hypersecretion induced by the heat-labile enterotoxin of vibrio cholerae and escherichia coli. | adaptation to cholera toxin (ct) and the heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) from e. coli is studied in vivo in the rat small intestine. repeated peroral pretreatment with ct or lt induces protracted inhibition of the intestinal fluid response to these toxins. the ct-induced mucus release from intestinal goblet cells is not influenced by ct pretreatment and the binding of ct to the epithelium remains intact. however, the adenylate cyclase activity, which mediates ct and lt action, is repressed--as judg ... | 1984 | 6324533 |
| release of sialic acid from substrates by sialidase in the presence of h2[18o]. | 1984 | 6325002 | |
| primary structure of heat-labile enterotoxin produced by escherichia coli pathogenic for humans. | heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli pathogenic for humans (lth) or for piglets (ltp) and vibrio cholerae enterotoxin (ct) are structurally and functionally similar toxins. we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the toxa gene which encodes the subunit a of lth (lth a). the deduced amino acid sequence consists of 258 residues including a signal peptide of 18 residues. according to the previously completed lth b sequence (103 residues), the predicted holotoxin (1a5b) of lth ... | 1984 | 6325417 |
| comparative study of the nature and biological activities of bacterial enterotoxins. | it is apparent that there are considerable similarities between many of the enterotoxins produced by enteric pathogens. although the effect of most of these toxins is restricted to the intestine in vivo, many cells are also sensitive to intoxication in vitro. the resultant in-vitro biochemical changes may have no pathological significance but serve to underline the central role of cyclic nucleotides in cellular fluid regulation. the biological activity of these enterotoxins is the result of inte ... | 1984 | 6327986 |
| vibrio cholerae bacteriophage cp-t1: characterization of bacteriophage dna and restriction analysis. | temperature bacteriophage cp-t1 of vibrio cholerae has a capsid that is 45 nm in diameter, a contractile tail 65 nm long and 9.5 nm wide, and a baseplate with several spikes or short tail fibers. the linear double-stranded dna is 43.5 +/- 1.4 kilobases long, and the phage genome is both terminally redundant and partially circularly permuted. the extent of terminal redundancy is ca. 4%, and circular permutation is up to ca. 44%. circular restriction maps have been constructed for the enzymes hind ... | 1984 | 6328035 |
| b-galactosidase activity in different toxigenic and nontoxigenic strains of vibrio cholerae: effect of glucose. | b-galactosidase activity in presence and absence of inducer lactose was examined in eight different strains of both toxigenic and nontoxigenic vibrio cholerae (v. cholerae). in lactose (0.25 gm%) containing cultures of toxigenic strains, b-galactosidase activity was higher in stationary culture than that of logarithmic. in nontoxigenic strains, b-galactosidase activity was only 1/6th of the toxigenic strains and remained unaltered throughout growth period. while wild strains (toxigenic v. choler ... | 1984 | 6328224 |
| persistence of plasmids, cholera toxin genes, and prophage dna in classical vibrio cholerae o1. | plasmid profiles, the location of cholera toxin subunit a genes, and the presence of the defective vca1 prophage genome in classical vibrio cholerae isolated from patients in bangladesh in 1982 were compared with those in older classical strains isolated during the sixth pandemic and with those in selected eltor and nontoxigenic o1 isolates. classical strains typically had two plasmids (21 and 3 megadaltons), eltor strains typically had no plasmids, and nontoxigenic o1 strains had zero to three ... | 1984 | 6329956 |
| surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. characterization and modulation by enzymes and bacterial products. | surface markers of human gingival fibroblasts in vitro were investigated using monoclonal and heterologous antisera against a range of cell surface antigens, together with rosetting techniques to characterize surface receptors for igg and c3. wi-38 fibroblasts and human peripheral blood monocytes were used as control cells. human gingival fibroblasts exhibited complement receptors and beta2-microglobulin, as did wi-38 cells. ten per cent of the human gingival fibroblasts were positive for hla-dr ... | 1984 | 6330332 |
| presence of vibrios in surface water and their relation with cholera in a community. | during an epidemic of cholera we simultaneously cultured water from 30 important ponds, tanks and rivers of dhaka city, to determine the role of surface water as a reservoir of vibrio cholerae and nonagglutinating (nag) vibrios and whether their presence or absence can be used as an indicator of a cholera epidemic in the community. out of 4.016 samples 1216 (30.3%) were positive for nag vibrios and one (0.025%) for vibrio cholerae. ponds showed a higher rate of nag isolation (31.6%) than did riv ... | 1984 | 6335611 |
| experimental heat-inactivated cholera vaccine for intradermal use. | 1983 | 6336507 | |
| [dissimilation of glucose by strains of the l-form of cholera vibrio]. | 1983 | 6336572 | |
| ecological relationships between vibrio cholerae and planktonic crustacean copepods. | strains of vibrio cholerae, both o1 and non-o1 serovars, were found to attach to the surfaces of live copepods maintained in natural water samples collected from the chesapeake bay and bangladesh environs. the specificity of attachment of v. cholerae to live copepods was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, which revealed that the oral region and egg sac were the most heavily colonized areas of the copepods. in addition, survival of v. cholerae in water was extended in the presence of live ... | 1983 | 6337551 |
| cholera and the immune response. | 1983 | 6338509 | |
| survival and implantation of escherichia coli in the intestinal tract. | preliminary experiments established that a 0.5-ml inoculum that is introduced directly into the stomach of mice was cleared rapidly into the small intestine. bicarbonate buffer, but not skim milk, protected such an inoculum from stomach acid until at least 90% of it had entered the small intestine. passage and survival of various escherichia coli strains through the mouse gut were tested by introducing a buffered bacterial inoculum directly into the stomach, together with the following two intes ... | 1983 | 6339389 |
| serologic differentiation between antitoxin responses to infection with vibrio cholerae and enterotoxin-producing escherichia coli. | a ganglioside enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to study and attempt to differentiate between antitoxin responses in persons infected with either vibrio cholerae or escherichia coli producing heat-labile enterotoxin. in most cases (69%-94%), experimentally infected north americans and naturally infected bangladeshis responded to either infection with significant (greater than twofold) increases in serum antibody titer to both heat-labile enterotoxin and cholera toxin. in all but ... | 1983 | 6339647 |
| inhibition of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae by gangliosides from human milk. | inhibitory activity of enterotoxin from escherichia coli and vibrio cholerae was associated with the ganglioside fraction of human milk. both the milk fat and skim milk contained gangliosides that inhibited the toxins. the most purified milk fraction contained three glycolipid components, of which two migrated close to ganglioside gm1 on thin-layer chromatography plates. a component with a slightly different mobility from gm1 appeared to be associated with the inhibitory activity. milk gangliosi ... | 1983 | 6341242 |
| vibrio cholerae hemagglutinin/lectin/protease hydrolyzes fibronectin and ovomucin: f.m. burnet revisited. | cholera vibrios produce a single polymeric protein that (i) causes hemagglutination; (ii) appears to participate in their attachment to gut epithelium; (iii) may mediate their detachment from gut epithelium; and (iv) is a protease that hydrolyzes fibronectin and mucin, cleaves lactoferrin, and nicks the a subunit of the choleragen-related heat-labile enterotoxin of escherichia coli. | 1983 | 6341990 |