Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a new epidemiologic and laboratory classification system for paralytic poliomyelitis cases. | an epidemiologic classification of paralytic poliomyelitis cases (ecppc) has been in use in the united states since 1976. in 1985, this classification system was reviewed because of recent changes in the epidemiology of paralytic poliomyelitis and improved laboratory capability to definitively characterize poliovirus strains. an alternative classification system was devised, the epidemiologic and laboratory classification of paralytic polio cases (elcppc), that incorporated virus isolation and s ... | 1989 | 2929811 |
| human peripheral blood lymphocytes from recently vaccinated individuals produce both type-specific and intertypic cross-reacting neutralizing antibody on in vitro stimulation with one type of poliovirus. | an in vitro system of poliovirus-specific antibody production by peripheral blood b cells on stimulation by the virus has been developed. virus-neutralizing antibodies in culture supernatant fluids, or virus-specific antibody-secreting cells (asc) were detected by microneutralization assay and elisa-spot test, respectively. after booster immunization with polio vaccine, anti-poliovirus-neutralizing asc were present in circulation. this response was measurable between 5 and 12 days after booster ... | 1985 | 2931478 |
| [interference between measles and poliomyelitis vaccines]. | 1987 | 2959295 | |
| induction of neutralizing antibody in mice against poliovirus type ii with monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody. | syngeneic monoclonal anti-idiotope antibody ab2,2-17c3scc was raised against an idiotope on a protective monoclonal antibody with specificity for poliovirus type ii. ab2,2-17c3scc detects a paratope-related interspecies idx. ab2,2-17c3scc purified from supernatant fluids of hybridoma cells by protein a-sepharose was injected into 4- to 6-wk-old balb/c mice. the sera of the mice were screened for the expression of antibodies bearing the corresponding idiotope. immunization of mice with ab2,2-17c3 ... | 1985 | 2981264 |
| antigenic conservation and divergence between the viral-specific proteins of poliovirus type 1 and various picornaviruses. | immuneprecipitation analyses of various picornavirus-infected cell lysates were performed using antisera to poliovirus type 1-specific structural and nonstructural proteins. the results showed differing patterns of antigenic conservation and divergence. however, the vp3 and 2c polypeptides were strongly antigenically conserved among the large majority of these viruses. this conservation was especially notable given the degree of divergence exhibited by the other viral proteins and may be due to ... | 1985 | 2981447 |
| neurovirulence of the intertypic poliovirus recombinant v3/a1-25: characterization of strains isolated from the spinal cord of diseased monkeys and evaluation of the contribution of the 3' half of the genome. | a tsrna- intertypic recombinant, v3/a1-25, which has the 5' and 3' halves of the genome derived from the neurovirulent type 3 poliovirus strain 452/62 3d and the attenuated type 1 poliovirus strain lsc-gr3, respectively, was previously shown to cause severe paralytic poliomyelitis after intracerebral inoculation of monkeys. to ascertain whether the illness was caused by the recombinant itself or by temperature-resistant trrna+ mutants that might have arisen in the inoculated monkeys, five indepe ... | 1985 | 2981970 |
| antiviral effect of flavonoids on human viruses. | the effect of several naturally occurring dietary flavonoids including quercetin, naringin, hesperetin, and catechin on the infectivity and replication of herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1), polio-virus type 1, parainfluenza virus type 3 (pf-3), and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) was studied in vitro in cell culture monolayers employing the technique of viral plaque reduction. quercetin caused a concentration-dependent reduction in the infectivity of each virus. in addition, it reduced intra ... | 1985 | 2981979 |
| attempts to implicate viruses in myasthenia gravis. | we investigated the hypothesis that a persistent viral infection of the thymus gland might trigger the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis (mg). thymus glands of nine patients with recent onset of mg were studied by a variety of techniques to detect the presence of occult viruses. no evidence of viral infection was found. | 1985 | 2982113 |
| immunization with oral poliovirus vaccine in china. | 2010 | 2982175 | |
| poliovirus neutralization and the percentage law. brief report. | the degree of neutralization of poliovirus by mono- and polyclonal antibodies is determined by the antibody/virion ratio at virus concentrations exceeding 10(8) pfu/ml, and by the antibody concentration alone at lower virus doses. | 1985 | 2982345 |
| biochemical techniques for the genetic and phenotypic analysis of viruses: 'molecular epidemiology'. | 1985 | 2982941 | |
| oral poliovirus vaccine: history of its development and use and current challenge to eliminate poliomyelitis from the world. | oral poliovirus vaccine (opv) is like no other live virus vaccine used in humans: vaccine strains multiply extensively in the intestinal tract, are widely disseminated in the family and community, and immunize a large proportion of the unvaccinated population. during the search for optimal strains for vaccine use, motor neurons in the spinal cord of chimpanzees (and by extrapolation those of humans) were found to be much more resistant to polioviruses than those of monkeys; the reverse was true ... | 1985 | 2982959 |
| lack of quantitative correlation between the neutralization of poliovirus and the antibody-mediated pi shift of the virions. | the effect of mono- and polyclonal antibodies on the infectivity and pi (isoelectric ph) of type 1 poliovirus was studied. according to mandel's hypothesis, the isoelectric ph of poliovirus should change to about pi 4 upon neutralization. however, several antibodies did not follow this rule. moreover, when antibodies did shift the pi, no quantitative correlation existed between the extent of neutralization and the amount of poliovirus shifted to low pi. | 1985 | 2983003 |
| in vitro phenotypic markers of a poliovirus recombinant constructed from infectious cdna clones of the neurovirulent mahoney strain and the attenuated sabin 1 strain. | infectious cdna corresponding to the entire genome of the attenuated sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus has been inserted into ecori site of bacterial plasmid pbr325. two consecutive psti fragments (nucleotide positions 1814 to 3421) of the infectious cdna of the sabin 1 strain were replaced by the corresponding dna fragments prepared from an infectious dna clone of the genome of the virulent mahoney strain of poliovirus type 1. the exchanged segment encodes capsid protein vp1 and part of capsid ... | 1985 | 2983090 |
| a monoclonal antibody that neutralizes poliovirus by cross-linking virions. | the neutralization of type 1 poliovirus by monoclonal antibody 35-1f4 was studied. the virions were rapidly linked by antibody into oligomers and larger aggregates, followed by slow redistribution of antibody between the immune complexes. the antibody content and infectivity of immune complexes were determined. remaining single virions were fully infectious and free of antibody. the oligomers and larger aggregates did not significantly contribute to the residual infectivity, which therefore corr ... | 1985 | 2983121 |
| molecular cloning and complete sequence determination of rna genome of human rhinovirus type 14. | the genomic rna of human rhinovirus type 14 was cloned in escherichia coli and the complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the rna genome is 7212 nucleotides long. a single large open reading frame of 6536 nucleotides was identified, which starts at nucleotide 678 and ends 47 nucleotides from the 3' end of the rna genome. comparisons of the specified proteins with those of other picornaviruses showed a striking homology (44-65%) between rhinovirus and poliovirus. the rhinovirus genomic rna ... | 1985 | 2983312 |
| synthetic peptides from four separate regions of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein vp1 induce neutralizing antibodies. | peptides from different regions of the poliovirus type 1 capsid protein vp1 were synthesized. antibodies raised against these peptides in rabbits and rats recognized the cognate peptides and denatured vp1. peptides from four regions of vp1 generated antisera with neutralizing titers specifically against poliovirus type 1. antisera against all other regions of vp1 failed to neutralize virus infectivity, although some of the antisera clearly bound to native virions. thus, the neutralizing determin ... | 1985 | 2983321 |
| adsorption of viruses to charge-modified silica. | the purpose of this study was to provide a clearer understanding of virus adsorption, focusing specifically on the role of electrostatic interactions between virus particles and adsorbent surfaces. the adsorption of poliovirus 1, reovirus types 1 and 3, and coliphages ms-2 and t2 to colloidal silica synthetically modified to carry either positive or negative surface charge was evaluated. adsorption experiments were performed by combining virus and silica in 0.1-ionic-strength buffers of ph 4.0, ... | 1985 | 2983608 |
| effect of viral infection on host protein synthesis and mrna association with the cytoplasmic cytoskeletal structure. | we studied the association of several eucaryotic viral and cellular mrnas with cytoskeletal fractions derived from normal and virus-infected cells. we found that all mrnas appear to associate with the cytoskeletal structure during protein synthesis, irrespective of their 5' and 3' terminal structures: e.g., poliovirus that lacks a 5' cap structure or reovirus and histone mrnas that lack a 3' poly a tail associated with the cytoskeletal framework to the same extent as capped, polyadenylated actin ... | 1985 | 2984214 |
| the immune response to poliovirus-specific synthetic peptides: effects of adjuvants and test animal species. | carrier protein conjugates of five synthetic peptides containing amino acid sequences specific to capsid proteins vp1 and vp2 of poliovirus type 1 were tested for their abilities to elicit an immune response in the presence of either of two adjuvants and in several animal species. freund's adjuvant induced significantly higher level anti-peptide antibody titers than a1(oh)3. however, no difference was noted between the two adjuvants in their abilities to aid in the induction of cross-reactive vi ... | 1985 | 2984231 |
| sequence analysis of hepatitis a virus cdna coding for capsid proteins and rna polymerase. | we report here the nucleotide sequence corresponding to two large regions of the hepatitis a virus (hav) genome. these comprise a sequence of 3274 bases corresponding to the 5' end of the genome, which includes the putative capsid protein region of this picornavirus, and 1590 bases corresponding to the 3' end of the genome, terminating in a 15-base poly(a) tract. these sequences revealed that hav had the characteristic genomic organization of picornaviruses: an open reading frame beginning appro ... | 1985 | 2984684 |
| effects of humic and fulvic acids on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous filtration. | because naturally occurring organic matter is thought to interfere with virus adsorption to microporous filters, humic and fulvic acids isolated from a highly colored, soft surface water were used as model organics in studies on poliovirus adsorption to and recovery from electropositive virosorb 1mds and electronegative filterite filters. solutions of activated carbon-treated tap water containing 3, 10, and 30-mg/liter concentrations of humic or fulvic acid were seeded with known amounts of poli ... | 1985 | 2984989 |
| comparison of the airborne survival of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (sabin) aerosolized as a mixture. | a mixture of a cell culture-adapted strain (c-486) of calf rotavirus and poliovirus type 1 (sabin) was prepared in tryptose phosphate broth containing 0.1% uranine (physical tracer) and antifoam at a final concentration of 0.001%. by using a six-jet collison nebulizer, the mixture was aerosolized into a 300-liter stainless-steel rotating (4 rpm) drum. the temperature of the air inside the drum was kept at 20 +/- 1 degrees c, and the virus aerosols were held at the following three levels of relat ... | 1985 | 2984990 |
| virion conformational forms and the complex inactivation kinetics of echovirus by chlorine in water. | aberrant inactivation kinetics were observed when monodispersed echovirus type 1 (farouk) was inactivated with chlorine. an initial 1- to 2-log10-unit decrease in titer was followed by lag period, during which the titer stayed the same or increased, and this was followed by a final decline in titer. first-order kinetics were obtained with poliovirus type 1 under the same conditions. isoelectric focusing studies of echovirus before chlorine treatment showed that the virus distributed into two ph- ... | 1985 | 2984991 |
| cystatin, a protein inhibitor of cysteine proteases alters viral protein cleavages in infected human cells. | chicken cystatin is a previously described small protein which has the property of inhibiting cysteine active site proteases. the protein, when added to cultured human cells, alters the intracellular proteolytic processing of poliovirus proteins, and causes a reduction in virus yield. it is suggested that the cystatin is able to penetrate to the cellular cytoplasm and inhibit the action of the poliovirus protease. | 1985 | 2985055 |
| seasonal distribution of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in domestic sewage. | a seasonal distribution of enteroviruses and adenoviruses in raw sewage effluents of athens, greece, was observed over a 15-month surveillance period. all 36 samples tested were positive for both virus groups. adenovirus concentration levels ranged from 70 to 3200 cytopathic units per litre of sample, whereas the corresponding values for enteroviruses were 90-900 cytopathic units per litre. peak values for adenoviruses were recorded during the months of april and june 1983, whereas for enterovir ... | 1985 | 2985226 |
| the host protein required for in vitro replication of poliovirus is a protein kinase that phosphorylates eukaryotic initiation factor-2. | the hela cell protein (host factor) required for in vitro replication of poliovirus has been identified as a 67,000 dalton phosphoprotein. the purified protein displays three activities in vitro: stimulation of poliovirus rna synthesis in the presence of poliovirus replicase, apparent self-phosphorylation, and phosphorylation of the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic protein synthesis initiation factor 2 (eif-2). all three activities can be removed or inhibited by an antibody to host factor. partially ... | 1985 | 2985268 |
| [poliovirus type 2 in sewage canals in prague in 1981-1982]. | 1985 | 2985289 | |
| poliovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase and host cell protein synthesize product rna twice the size of poliovirion rna in vitro. | the poliovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase required an oligouridylate primer or a hela cell protein (host factor) to initiate rna synthesis on poliovirion rna in vitro. the polymerase synthesized template-sized product rna in the oligouridylate-primed reaction. in the host factor-dependent reaction, the largest product rna synthesized by the polymerase was twice the size of the template rna. about half of the product rna recovered from this reaction was shown to exist in the form of a snapback ... | 1985 | 2985794 |
| isolation and structural characterization of cap-binding proteins from poliovirus-infected hela cells. | in poliovirus-infected hela cells, poliovirus rna is translated at times when cellular mrna translation is strongly inhibited. it is thought that this translational control mechanism is mediated by inactivation of a cap-binding protein complex (comprising polypeptides of 24 [24-kilodalton cap-binding protein], 50, and approximately 220 kilodaltons). this complex can restore the translation of capped mrnas in extracts from poliovirus-infected cells. we have previously shown that the virally induc ... | 1985 | 2985814 |
| human rhinovirus 14 infection of hela cells results in the proteolytic cleavage of the p220 cap-binding complex subunit and inactivates globin mrna translation in vitro. | one of the characteristics of picornavirus infection of cells in tissue culture is a specific inhibition of utilization of host cell mrna for protein synthesis. in this study we show that human rhinovirus 14 is similar to poliovirus in that the inhibition of host cell translation that occurs during infection correlates with the proteolytic cleavage of an mr 220,000 subunit of the cap-binding protein complex. | 1985 | 2985827 |
| shutoff of host translation by encephalomyocarditis virus infection does not involve cleavage of the eucaryotic initiation factor 4f polypeptide that accompanies poliovirus infection. | studies were conducted to determine whether encephalomyocarditis virus infection causes proteolytic cleavage of any of the polypeptides which comprise eucaryotic initiation factor 4f. since no such alterations in the components of the initiation factor were detected, these observations confirmed that the mechanisms whereby encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus shut off host translation are different. | 1985 | 2985829 |
| increased neurovirulence associated with a single nucleotide change in a noncoding region of the sabin type 3 poliovaccine genome. | most of the small number of cases of poliomyelitis which occur in countries where sabin's attenuated poliovirus vaccines are used are temporally associated with administration of vaccine and involve polioviruses of types 2 and 3 (ref. 1). recent studies have provided convincing evidence that the sabin type 2 and 3 viruses themselves may revert to a neurovirulent phenotype on passage in man. we report here that a point mutation in the 5' noncoding region of the genome of the poliovirus type 3 vac ... | 1985 | 2986004 |
| primary structure and gene organization of human hepatitis a virus. | the rna genome of human hepatitis a virus (hav) was molecularly cloned. recombinant dna clones representing the entire hav rna were used to determine the primary structure of the viral genome. the length of the viral genome is 7478 nucleotides. an open reading frame starting at nucleotide 734 and terminating at nucleotide 7415 encodes a polyprotein of mr 251,940. comparison of the hav nucleotide sequence with that of other picornaviruses has failed to reveal detectable areas of homology. however ... | 1985 | 2986127 |
| poliovirus protease does not mediate cleavage of the 220,000-da component of the cap binding protein complex. | poliovirus infection of hela cells results in a rapid shutoff of host protein synthesis but does not inhibit the translation of poliovirus mrna. it has been suggested that this virus-induced translational control is mediated by the inactivation of a cap binding protein (cbp) complex, and it has been shown that the 220,000-da component(s) (p220) of the cbp complex is cleaved in infected hela cells to form antigenically related peptides of 100,000-130,000 da. to determine whether the known viral p ... | 1985 | 2986132 |
| in vitro activities of bismuth salts against rotaviruses and other enteric viruses. | bismuth salts inhibited plaque formation of all enteric viruses tested, which included four strains of rotavirus and one strain each of echovirus, reovirus, and poliovirus. the compounds had no direct virucidal effect at concentrations ranging from 0.025 to 2.5 mg/ml, and the inhibitory effects were observed only at concentrations slightly below those that caused extensive cytotoxicity. plaque inhibition appeared to result from interference with host cell functions, with secondary inhibition of ... | 1985 | 2986544 |
| a comparison of the effects of cytotoxic cerebrospinal fluid on cell cultures with other cytopathogenic agents. | protein synthesis, antigen synthesis, and cell membrane permeability were analyzed after inoculating human diploid fibroblasts with control or cytotoxic csf, herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv 1), poliovirus 3, or clostridium difficile toxin. whereas protein synthesis and membrane permeability were affected by the viruses, and virus antigens detectable by pooled human serum were synthesized, the bacterial toxin and cytotoxic csf did not induce any new proteins or antigens, although the cytotoxic c ... | 1985 | 2987025 |
| poliovirus replicase stimulation by terminal uridylyl transferase. | in an in vitro poliovirus replication system, purified viral polymerase, plus sense virion rna, and a host factor have been previously shown to be necessary for the transcription of minus strands. we have found that a partially purified eukaryotic initiation factor-2 (eif-2) fraction from rabbit reticulocytes can replace hela host factor in the replicase reaction. this enzyme preparation contains eif-2 and two other major proteins. in addition to eif-2 activity, which does not appear to play a r ... | 1985 | 2987262 |
| the neurovirulence of human and animal rotaviruses in cercopithecus monkeys. | cercopithecus monkeys were inoculated according to the specifications of neurovirulence safety test for live rubella virus vaccine with rit 4237, a rotavirus vaccine candidate. rit 4237 is a high passage level of the nebraska calf diarrhoea virus (ncdv). the histological findings in the first test indicated some involvement of the central nervous system. the same test was therefore repeated with rit 4237, with a lower passage level of the ncdv strain, and with the 'wa' strain, a human virus grow ... | 1985 | 2987270 |
| trypsin sensitivity of the sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus: cleavage sites in virions and related particles. | treatment of the sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus with trypsin produced two stable fragments of capsid protein vp1 which remained associated with the virions. trypsinized virus was fully infectious and was neutralized by type-specific antisera. the susceptible site in the sabin 1 strain was between the lysine at position 99 and the asparagine at position 100. a similar tryptic cleavage occurred in the leon and sabin strains of type 3 poliovirus, probably at the arginine at position 100, but not ... | 1985 | 2987536 |
| human rhinovirus 2: complete nucleotide sequence and proteolytic processing signals in the capsid protein region. | cdna clones representing the entire genome of human rhinovirus 2 have been obtained and used to determine the complete nucleotide sequence. the genome consists of 7102 nucleotides and possesses a long open reading frame of 6450 nucleotides; this reading frame is initiated 611 nucleotides from the 5' end and stops 42 nucleotides from the polya tract. the n-terminal sequences of three of the viral capsid proteins have been elucidated, thus defining the positions of three cleavage sites on the poly ... | 1985 | 2987843 |
| influence of some organic additives to the culture medium on the size of poliovirus-induced plaques. | 2013 | 2988197 | |
| influence of adsorption time, rocking, and soluble proteins on the plaque assay of monodispersed poliovirus. | factors that could affect adsorption of monodispersed poliovirus to cell culture monolayers were evaluated. these included varying the virus adsorption period under static and nonstatic (rocked) conditions and altering the rocking rate. the effects of several soluble proteins on plaque formation, enumeration, and size were also evaluated. rocking involved the mechanical spread of viruses over cell culture monolayers for 1 to 4 h. rocked cultures exhibited significantly higher (p less than 0.05) ... | 1985 | 2988435 |
| effects of bentonite clay solids on poliovirus concentration from water by microporous filter methods. | to determine whether suspended solids interfere with enteric virus recovery from water by microporous filter methods, the effects of bentonite clay solids at a concentration of 10 nephelometric turbidity units on the recovery of poliovirus type 1 from seeded, activated carbon-treated, filtered tap water were studied. volumes (500 ml) of virus-laden water at ph 5.5 or 7.5, with and without 50 mm mgcl2, were filtered through 47-mm-diameter, electropositive (virosorb 1mds) and electronegative (filt ... | 1985 | 2988438 |
| relative resistance to chlorine of poliovirus and coxsackievirus isolates from environmental sources and drinking water. | several poliovirus and coxsackievirus isolates from environmental sources were compared with laboratory strains to determine their rate of inactivation by chlorine. all viruses were tested for up to 1,000 min in the presence of an initial free residual chlorine level of ca. 0.4 mg/liter. coxsackievirus b5 (cb-5) isolates were found to be more resistant to chlorine than coxsackievirus b4 (cb-4), followed by poliovirus 1, 2, and 3 in order of decreasing resistance to chlorine. environmental isolat ... | 1985 | 2988441 |
| [internal homology in the primary structure of the polyprotein of the poliovirus: the possible existence of 2 viral proteinases]. | 1985 | 2988899 | |
| isoxazoles with antipicornavirus activity. | the synthesis and evaluation of a series of 3,5-disubstituted isoxazoles as antipicornavirus agents have led to the discovery of several compounds effective in vitro against rhinovirus type 2 and poliovirus type 2. compound 32 was found more effective than 4',6-dichloroflavan against both viruses and was evaluated orally in mice infected intracerebrally with polio-2. at 31 mg/kg bid, compound 32 showed a 53% survival rate as compared to 22% for the nonmedicated animals. | 1985 | 2989517 |
| [current problems of the epidemiological surveillance of poliomyelitis]. | a uniform program of the epidemiological supervision of poliomyelitis must be worked out for every administrative territorial unit. this program should include the early and complete detection of all cases of this infection, irrespective of their severity; the analysis of the quality of vaccination; the determination of the immune status of the child population; the characteristic of the poliovirus circulation. | 2010 | 2990127 |
| uv inactivation of pathogenic and indicator microorganisms. | survival was measured as a function of the dose of germicidal uv light for the bacteria escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, shigella sonnei, streptococcus faecalis, staphylococcus aureus, and bacillus subtilis spores, the enteric viruses poliovirus type 1 and simian rotavirus sa11, the cysts of the protozoan acanthamoeba castellanii, as well as for total coliforms and standard plate count microorganisms from secondary effluent. the doses of uv light necessary for a 99.9% inactivation of the cult ... | 1985 | 2990336 |
| elimination of viruses and indicator bacteria at each step of treatment during preparation of drinking water at seven water treatment plants. | seven drinking water treatment plants were sampled twice a month for 12 months to evaluate the removal of indicator bacteria and cytopathogenic enteric viruses. samples were obtained at each level of treatment: raw water, postchlorination, postsedimentation, postfiltration, postozonation, and finished (tap) water. raw water quality was usually poor, with total coliform counts exceeding 105 to 106 cfu/liter and the average virus count in raw water of 3.3 most probable number of cytopathogenic uni ... | 1985 | 2990337 |
| molecular cloning and partial characterization of the coxsackievirus b3 genome. brief report. | the rna genome of coxsackievirus b3 has been cloned and partially characterized by restriction mapping, partial sequence analysis, and hybridization to heterologous coxsackievirus b genomes. it differs significantly from the poliovirus genomic structure. | 1985 | 2990386 |
| transplacental antibodies. part iii: maternal antibodies against polioviruses, m. parotitidis and m. parainfluenzae. | in 1981 we examined 247 sera for the presence of antibodies against all three types of poliovirus and 253 sera for antibodies against m. parotitidis and three types of m. parainfluenzae viruses. the sera were obtained from the cord blood of mothers between 15 and 34 years of age. all mothers were divided into four age groups, each with primipara and multipara subgroups. the rate of seropositivity for type 1 and type 2 poliovirus-specific antibody was in all age groups higher than 90%, the overal ... | 1985 | 2991367 |
| excretion of live attenuated polioviruses in the faeces of orally vaccinated children. comparison of two immunization schedules. | the excretion of live, attenuated poliovirus vaccine strains was determined in the feces of prague infants home children given 10(5) pfu of type 1 and 2 and 2.10(5) pfu of type 3 vaccine in a routine annual mass campaign. the first two faeces specimens examined in each vaccinee prior to immunization were negative for the virus. a total of 476 stool specimens were collected from 37 children at weekly intervals for a period of 18 weeks. the presence of type 1 poliovirus in the faeces of children g ... | 1985 | 2991368 |
| poliovirus protease 3c (p3-7c) does not cleave p220 of the eucaryotic mrna cap-binding protein complex. | infection of hela cells by poliovirus results in proteolysis of the large subunit (p220) of the cap-binding protein complex. this is believed to cause the rapid shut-off of host protein synthesis during poliovirus infection. in this communication we examined the possible involvement of poliovirus proteins 3c (a proteinase) and 2c in cleavage of p220. using antisera against these two viral polypeptides, we were unable to inhibit proteolysis of p220 in an in vitro assay. these results indicate tha ... | 1985 | 2991572 |
| purification of a hela cell receptor protein for group b coxsackieviruses. | coxsackievirus b3 (cb3) firmly attaches to hela cells, forming a specific complex between the virus and its receptor on the cell surface. we extracted this virus-receptor complex (vrc) with the detergents sodium deoxycholate and triton x-100. the vrc was identified by its sedimentation coefficient (140s), which was less than that of virions (155s). formation of the vrc from cell lysates and 3h-cb3 occurred with the same specificity as did attachment of virions to cells, in that its formation was ... | 1985 | 2991580 |
| induction of hepatitis a virus-neutralizing antibody by a virus-specific synthetic peptide. | comparative surface feature analyses of the vp1 sequences of hepatitis a virus (hav) and poliovirus type 1 allowed an alignment of the two sequences and an identification of probable hav neutralization antigenic sites. a synthetic peptide containing the hav-specific amino acid sequence of one of these sites induced anti-hav-neutralizing antibodies. it is concluded that a structural homology exists between the two viruses, despite minimal primary sequence conservation. | 1985 | 2991600 |
| [poliomyelitis in new caledonia. virological and serological data. pre-immune status and post-vaccinal seroconversion. prophylactic strategy]. | five cases of paralytic poliomyelitis were noticed between august and november 1982 in the french territory of new-caledonia. an epidemiological study allowed to have a better apprehension on the coming back of poliovirus in the south pacific where, for the past ten years, except in papua new guinea which remained an endemic zone, not a single case of poliomyelitis has been declared to the world health organization. | 1985 | 2992831 |
| characterization of a solvent system for separation of water-insoluble poliovirus proteins by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. | formic acid in high concentration is an extremely potent solvent for proteins, particularly for hydrophobic ones. 60% formic acid, necessary for solubilization of structural polypeptides of poliovirus and other proteins, modified at the cysteines, was used together with 2-propanol or acetonitrile as organic modifier for gradient elution in reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. several reversed-phase columns were tested. in each case, polypeptides were eluted quantitatively. it w ... | 1985 | 2993331 |
| factors affecting the detection of enteroviruses in cerebrospinal fluid with coxsackievirus b3 and poliovirus 1 cdna probes. | enteroviruses are common pathogens of meningitis and encephalitis, and infections are often difficult to distinguish clinically from bacterial and herpetic infections of the central nervous system. an array of enteroviruses added to cerebrospinal fluid in reconstruction experiments were detected by a dot hybridization assay. optimal handling and processing conditions for infected cerebrospinal fluid were established, and the effect on the hybridization reaction of humoral and cellular components ... | 1985 | 2993351 |
| three-dimensional structure of poliovirus at 2.9 a resolution. | the three-dimensional structure of poliovirus has been determined at 2.9 a resolution by x-ray crystallographic methods. each of the three major capsid proteins (vp1, vp2, and vp3) contains a "core" consisting of an eight-stranded antiparallel beta barrel with two flanking helices. the arrangement of beta strands and helices is structurally similar and topologically identical to the folding pattern of the capsid proteins of several icosahedral plant viruses. in each of the major capsid proteins, ... | 1985 | 2994218 |
| picornaviruses are no longer black boxes. | 1985 | 2994219 | |
| [in vitro effectiveness of new antiviral substances. 2. studies with enteroviruses and rhinovirus lb]. | the antiviral efficacy of several compounds was demonstrated against coxsackie viruses type a9, b1, b3, b4 and b5, echoviruses type 6, 11, 30, and 33, attenuated polioviruses and rhinovirus 1b. in one-step growth cycle experiments virus multiplication was clearly inhibited by application of the compounds immediately after virus adsorption. | 1985 | 2994289 |
| the poliomyelitis story: a scientific hegira. | there is evidence that paralytic poliomyelitis occurred in ancient times, but it was not recognized as a distinct disease until the eighteenth century and did not come into prominence until the late nineteenth century when epidemics began to appear. outbreaks of increasing size were reported first in the scandinavian countries, then in the united states and elsewhere, to the surprise and consternation of the medical profession. poliovirus was first isolated in 1908, but many years of intensive r ... | 2017 | 2994307 |
| antibody response of infants to two doses of inactivated poliovirus vaccine of enhanced potency. | the conventional formulation of injectable poliovirus vaccine (inactivated) contains 20, 2, and 4 d-antigen units of types 1, 2, and 3 polioviruses. primary immunization requires three doses given at intervals of at least four weeks. a new formulation with 40, 8, and 32 d-antigen units of the three poliovirus types has been prepared to reduce primary immunization to two doses. we evaluated the immunogenic efficacy of this new formulation supplied to us as a liquid vaccine containing diphtheria-p ... | 1985 | 2994463 |
| recovery of vaccinal poliovirus type 1 from conjunctiva of an infant with transient, unilateral conjunctivitis. | 1985 | 2995039 | |
| tumor-promoting phorbol esters and vanadate alter the sensitivity of hela s3 cells to poliovirus type 1. | treatment of hela s3 cells with tumor-promoting phorbol esters and vanadate increased their sensitivity to type 1 poliovirus. since the sensitization could not be accounted for by increased virus binding or virus production, it appears that virus entry was facilitated by the treatments. when hela s3 cells were incubated with tpa for prolonged periods of time, they became resistant to poliovirus due to reduced ability to bind the virus. | 1985 | 2995095 |
| antigenic modification of attenuated sabin type 1 poliovirus by in vitro passages at supraoptimal temperatures. | mutants were selected from sabin type 1 attenuated poliovirus (lsc2ab strain), capable of growing at a high temperature (39.5 degrees c). they proved to be neurovirulent for monkeys. no correlation was found between neurovirulence and antigenic structure in sabin type 1 virus as demonstrated by the analysis of the neutralization epitope formulae of thermo-resistant, neurovirulent mutants derived from lss2ab strain. the lack of correlation between the antigenic pattern of the virus and the virule ... | 1985 | 2995173 |
| serum free cultivation of lymphoid cells for virus and interferon production. | minor modifications of standard media have given a defined serum free medium for the production of polio virus and measles virus in lymphoblastoid cells and of namalva interferon in lymphoma cells. by usage of slightly modified standard roller equipment in the order of 2 x 10 12tcid-50 of polio virus and 4 x 10(9) iu of interferon can be produced on one roller rack. the produced poliovirus does comply with requirements for inactivated poliovaccine. | 1985 | 2995174 |
| the regulation of translation in reovirus-infected cells. | the regulation of translation in reovirus-infected cells has been investigated by double-infection experiments. different cell lines were able to translate uncapped encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus mrna and capped vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) mrnas both early and late during reovirus infection. these results are not fully in agreement with a previously suggested model in which, in the early phase of reovirus infection, only capped mrnas are translated, whereas in the late phase the cells are ... | 1985 | 2995553 |
| detection of picornavirus sequences in nervous tissue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and control patients. | we used in situ hybridization to look for picornavirus ribonucleic acid (rna) sequences in frozen sections of central nervous system (cns) tissue of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (als) and control patients. using reconstruction experiments, we concluded that 30 copies of viral rna per cell could be detected with the assay. rna which hybridized to dnas complementary (cdnas) to both poliovirus and theiler's virus was found at several levels in the cns of 2 patients, 1 als patient, and 1 control. i ... | 1985 | 2996416 |
| inactivation of norwalk virus in drinking water by chlorine. | norwalk virus in water was found to be more resistant to chlorine inactivation than poliovirus type 1 (lsc2ab), human rotavirus (wa), simian rotavirus (sa11), or f2 bacteriophage. a 3.75 mg/liter dose of chlorine was found to be effective against other viruses but failed to inactivate norwalk virus. the norwalk virus inoculum remained infectious for five of eight volunteers, despite the initial presence of free residual chlorine. infectivity in volunteers was demonstrated by seroconversion to no ... | 1985 | 2996421 |
| nuclear localization of poliovirus capsid polypeptide vp1 expressed as a fusion protein with sv40-vp1. | the poliovirus cdna fragment coding for capsid polypeptide vp1 was inserted between the ecori and bamhi sites of sv40 dna, generating a chimaeric gene in which the sequence of the 302 amino acids (aa) of poliovirus capsid polypeptide vp1 was placed downstream from that of the 94 n-terminal aa of sv40 capsid polypeptide vp1. the resulting defective, hybrid virus, sv40-delta 1 polio, was propagated in cv1 cells using an early sv40 mutant, am404, as a helper. cells doubly infected by sv40-delta 1 p ... | 1985 | 2996988 |
| detection of low numbers of poliovirus 1 in oysters: collaborative study. | a collaborative study was performed to evaluate a method for determining numbers of poliovirus 1 in oysters. commonly available laboratory equipment and materials were used. raw oysters in the shell were shipped to each investigator along with 12 tubes of unknown concentrations of virus. six 100 g duplicate oyster samples were analyzed by 5 collaborating laboratories. each analyst used a prescribed procedure for diluting the inocula. two samples contained approximately 100 plaque-forming units ( ... | 1985 | 2997109 |
| an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, elisa, for sv40 antigen detection. | the exclusion of sv40 contamination in poliovaccine produced in cynomolgus monkey kidney cell cultures is routinely done by inoculation of the inactivated vaccine into cercopithecus monkey kidney cell cultures where a cytopathic effect reveals the presence of the virus. an elisa is described for the detection of sv40 antigen and the efficiency of antigen detection was compared with the development of cytopathic effect in cercopithecus tissue cultures. the assay shortened considerably the time fo ... | 1985 | 2997255 |
| hit-and-run neutralization of poliovirus. | at physiological ionic strength, monoclonal antibody 35-1f4 has previously been shown to neutralize poliovirus type 1 by antibody-mediated polymerization. at low ionic strength, this antibody neutralized the virus by a hit-and-run mechanism: the virions were converted to non-infectious, empty capsids devoid of antibodies. these empty capsids resembled those formed by thermal denaturation of native polio virions in their sedimentation coefficient (80s), antigenicity (h) and isoelectric ph (6.3). | 1985 | 2997379 |
| poliovirus metabolism and the cytoskeletal framework: detergent extraction and resinless section electron microscopy. | the association of poliovirus metabolism with the cytoskeleton was investigated. infected cells were extracted by using the nonionic detergent triton x-100 in the physiological cytoskeleton buffer. the skeletal framework obtained was examined by transmission electron microscopy of resinless sections. the fibers of the framework were grossly distorted in infected cells. no virions or procapsids were seen but many virus-specific spheroidal bodies were associated with the framework. they had a diam ... | 1985 | 2997475 |
| poliovirus genome rna hybridizes specifically to higher eukaryotic rrnas. | the rna genome of poliovirus hybridizes to 28s and 18s rrnas of higher eukaryotes under stringent conditions. the hybridization detected by northern blot analyses is specific since little or no signal was detected for yeast or prokaryotic rrnas or other major cellular rnas. southern blot analysis of dna clones of mouse rrna genes leads us to conclude that several regions of 28s rrna, and at least one region in 18s rrna, are involved in the hybridization to polio rna, and that g/c regions are not ... | 1985 | 2997728 |
| isolation and characterization of defective-interfering particles of poliovirus sabin 1 strain. | defective-interfering (di) particles of the sabin strain of type 1 poliovirus were generated on serial high m.o.i. passaging. the deletions, measured by agarose gel electrophoresis, appeared to comprise approximately 10% of the total genome. analysis of the rnas, after digestion with rnase t1, by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that the locations of the deleted genome regions were similar to those of the di particles of the mahoney strain of type 1 poliovirus (a. nomo ... | 1985 | 2997988 |
| natural variants of the sabin type 1 vaccine strain of poliovirus and correlation with a poliovirus neutralization site. | independent substitution mutations have been detected in capsid polypeptide vp1 of the type 1 oral poliovirus vaccine isolated from normal infant vaccine recipients. these mutations map at amino acid residues 142 and 147 of vp1, a region only minimally hydrophilic. a synthetic peptide, corresponding to residues 141 to 147 of vp1 was synthesized, conjugated to a carrier polypeptide of bovine serum albumin. the conjugate was found to elicit a weak poliovirus neutralizing antibody response. it was ... | 1985 | 2998009 |
| recombinants between attenuated and virulent strains of poliovirus type 1: derivation and characterization of recombinants with centrally located crossover points. | recombinants with a centrally located crossover point were selected from crosses between poliovirus type 1 strains and intertypic (type 3/type 1) recombinants. two such recombinants were characterized in some detail. in one of them (v1/a1-6), the 5' half of the genome was derived from a virulent type 1 strain, while the 3' half came from an attenuated type 1 strain. the genome of the other recombinant (a1/v1-7) had the reverse organization, with the 5' and 3' halves being derived from the type 1 ... | 1985 | 2998022 |
| self-reactive b lymphocytes detected in young adults, children and newborns after in vitro infection with epstein-barr virus. | b-lymphocytes from healthy children and young adults who were seronegative for autoantibodies and b lymphocytes from umbilical cord blood of newborns were induced to secrete a variety of autoantibodies upon infection with epstein-barr virus. such autoantibody-secreting clones were obtained from different lymphoid tissues and occurred at frequencies of 1 in 10(6)-10(7) mononuclear cells. the autoantibodies were exclusively of the igm class. they recognized normal cellular components, such as cyto ... | 1985 | 2998660 |
| cross-reactions of immunoglobulin m and g antibodies with enterovirus-specific viral structural proteins. | we analysed the reactivity of enterovirus-specific human igm and igg antibodies with the structural proteins of different enteroviruses by the immunoblot technique. in general, all immunoglobulin g antibodies of the tested sera reacted with capsid polypeptide vp 1 of the viruses tested (echoviruses 9 and 11, coxsackievirus b3 and poliovirus 2). in contrast, enterovirus specific immunoglobulin m antibodies of adults reacted with capsid polypeptides vp 1, vp 2, and/or vp 3 of the viruses mentioned ... | 1985 | 2999228 |
| in situ enzyme immunodetection of surface or intracellular bacterial antigens using nitrocellulose sheets. | we describe an immunological method which allows the in situ colorimetric detection of translated dna fragments in bacteria. in the absence of lysis only cell surface proteins are detected. for cytoplasmic proteins, lysis is required. the procedure comprises the following steps: bacteria are lysed, the proteins are transferred onto a disc of nitrocellulose sheet, the remaining protein sites are blocked, the disc is successively soaked in a solution of antibodies specific for the protein to be de ... | 1985 | 2999249 |
| secretory and serum immunoglobulin class-specific antibodies to poliovirus after vaccination. | immune responses in serum and saliva were studied in pakistani children by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after natural exposure to poliovirus and vaccination with live or inactivated poliovirus vaccines. swedish children unexposed to wild poliovirus who had almost 100% vaccination coverage with inactivated vaccine at 8, 9, and 18 months and at 5 years of age were analyzed for comparison. natural exposure induced secretory iga (siga) antibodies to poliovirus in the saliva of pakistani infants ... | 1985 | 2999260 |
| production of a monoclonal antibody against an epitope on hela cells that is the functional poliovirus binding site. | cell lines of primate origin carry receptors on their plasma membrane which are responsible for the specific binding of poliovirus. this paper describes the isolation and characterization of a monoclonal antibody reacting with the plasma membrane of hela cells. the antibody (d171) was selected for its protection of hela cells against the cytopathic effect of poliovirus type 1. this protection was found to extend to all three viral serotypes, while the replication of five other viruses in hela ce ... | 1985 | 2999307 |
| survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229e. | the survival of airborne human coronavirus 229e (hcv/229e) was studied under different conditions of temperature (20 +/- 1 degree c and 6 +/- 1 degree c) and low (30 +/- 5%), medium (50 +/- 5%) or high (80 +/- 5%) relative humidities (rh). at 20 +/- 1 degree c, aerosolized hcv/229e was found to survive best at 50% rh with a half-life of 67.33 +/- 8.24 h while at 30% rh the virus half-life was 26.76 +/- 6.21 h. at 50% rh nearly 20% infectious virus was still detectable at 6 days. high rh at 20 +/ ... | 1985 | 2999318 |
| [[(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)phenoxy]alkyl]isoxazoles. inhibitors of picornavirus uncoating. | a series of [[(4,5-dihydro-2-oxazolyl)phenoxy]alkyl]isoxazoles has been synthesized and evaluated as antipicornavirus agents. the effect of alkyl groups in the 4- and 5-position of the oxazoline ring, as well as the alkyl chain length, on antiviral activity was examined. compound 14 was evaluated in vivo and was found to significantly reduce mortality at an oral dose of 4 mg/kg in mice infected intracerebrally with poliovirus-2. compound 14 was also effective in preventing paralysis when adminis ... | 1985 | 2999407 |
| inactivation of bacteria and viruses in water: passage of germicidal ultraviolet light through teflon. | teflon pipe as used in a water purification system transmitted germicidal ultraviolet (uv) light to inactivate pseudomonas aeruginosa and poliovirus. the information is useful for animal care workers and others concerned with the prevention of microbial growth in water systems such as deionizers and distilled water. of special significance is that there is a plastic that transmits uv light. | 1985 | 2999508 |
| [poliomyelitis in new caledonia: epidemiological data, post-vaccinal seroconversion, prophylactic strategy]. | after an outbreak in 1956, poliomyelitis appears to get a sporadic development. consequently, it has not been a major medical concern. in 1982, 5 cases of paralytic manifestations due to a polio virus of type 1 underlined the relationship between this reappearance of the disease, some neglecting in mass vaccination and some deficiency in sanitary conditions of the surroundings. a serologic monitoring, complementary to that survey, has been conducted up to 1984. it has shown that, in a number of ... | 1985 | 2999557 |
| [comparative efficacy of disinfectants on the poliovirus]. | 2010 | 2999938 | |
| persistence of viruses in the nasopharynx of apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. results of investigations performed in 1982-83. | virus isolation attempts were made with nasopharyngeal secretions from 400 apparently healthy 0-5-year-old children of a semi-closed community. repeated virus isolations were achieved in 25 cases subjected to periodic investigations in 1982-83. one-two reisolation(s), 1-5 months apart, of the initially detected viral agents could be obtained in 15 out of the 25 children. the following viruses were reisolated (in decreasing order of frequency): adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, coxsackie ... | 1985 | 3000066 |
| the genomes of attenuated and virulent poliovirus strains differ in their in vitro translation efficiencies. | in mrna-dependent extracts of krebs-2 cells, rnas from attenuated strains of poliovirus type 1 and type 3 exhibited diminished template activity as compared to rnas from the respective virulent counterparts. this defect appeared to be due to the impaired initiation of viral polyprotein synthesis as evidenced by a relatively low level of accumulation of polypeptide 1a (which corresponds to an nh2-terminal region of the polyprotein) in samples programmed with rnas from attenuated strains. in retic ... | 1985 | 3000069 |
| viral contamination of intradermal skin test syringes. | intradermal skin tests are often performed using a common syringe with multiple needles. bacterial contamination of intradermal skin test syringes can occur as a result of apparent siphoning caused by needle changing. the bacterial contamination of the syringe can be prevented by flushing the contaminated needle prior to changing. in this study, two different needle changing techniques were examined using a polio virus contaminant. viral contamination of the syringe was not prevented by flushing ... | 1985 | 3000226 |
| limited in vivo susceptibility of the south american monkey -cebus apella- to type 1 poliovirus: physical and histopathological observations after intraspinal inoculation. | type 1 polioviruses (an attenuated strain, sabin 1 lsc 2ab and a virulent strain, mahoney) were inoculated intraspinally into the south american cebus monkey cebus apella. neither physical symptoms nor histological changes in the central nervous system were observed after inoculation of attenuated sabin strain. but the virulent mahoney strain caused flaccid paralysis in two of three monkeys. in these two paralyzed monkeys, definite specific histological changes were observed with spreading of th ... | 1985 | 3000348 |
| [diagnostic significance of the complement fixation reaction in poliovirus infections]. | 2010 | 3000630 | |
| poliovirus-encoded proteinase 3c: a possible evolutionary link between cellular serine and cysteine proteinase families. | here we demonstrate significant similarities between the amino acid sequences of trypsin (a serine protease) and the n-terminal piece of a specific fragment of the poliovirus polyprotein encompassing the sequence of the viral proteinase 3c, and also between cathepsin h (a cysteine protease) and the c-terminal piece of the same fragment. a coherent alignment of the sequences of the 3 proteases was obtained, in which the principal catalytically active residues occupy identical positions. a hypothe ... | 1986 | 3000829 |
| lycorine: a eukaryotic termination inhibitor? | the effect of the alkaloid lycorine on viral protein synthesis was studied in poliovirus-infected hela cells. the incorporation of [3h]leucine was inhibited by lycorine in a dose-dependent way, although lycorine never completely abolished translation. using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the viral proteins were identified as derived from the p1 (5' terminal), p2 (middle), or p3 (3' terminal) region of the poliovirus translation unit. the residual labeling of viral proteins in the presence o ... | 1986 | 3001065 |
| the estimation of virus density in isopycnic cesium chloride gradients. | methods for estimating the density of virus particles after isopycnic centrifugation in cesium chloride gradients were examined. if solutions were prepared in different buffers, the standard tables relating refractive index and density, based on solutions prepared in water, did not give consistent estimates even if corrections were made for the greater refractive indices of the buffers. depending on the method and buffer used, estimates of the density of cricket paralysis virus, an insect picorn ... | 1985 | 3001116 |
| in vitro synthesis of infectious poliovirus rna. | replication of the infectious rna genome of poliovirus is accomplished in cells by the viral rna polymerase through negative-strand rna intermediates. full-length negative-strand poliovirus rna was synthesized in vitro by transcription of infectious poliovirus cdna with bacteriophage sp6 dna-dependent rna polymerase. when provided with this negative-strand rna as template, the poliovirus rna-dependent rna polymerase synthesized full-length positive-strand molecules. the positive-strand rnas synt ... | 1985 | 3001703 |
| virology and immunology of the common cold. | the common cold is a complex infectious syndrome caused by any one of a large number of antigenitically distinct viruses found in four groups. these groups are the myxo- and paramyxoviruses, the adenoviruses, the rhinoviruses and the coronaviruses. the members of the different groups differ in their physical, biochemical, and immunologic characteristics. with currently available methods, it is possible to determine the cause of 60-70% of colds. the large rhinovirus group is the most important of ... | 1985 | 3001912 |