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species composition, distribution, ecological preference and host association of ticks in cyprus.tick population and species depend on the effect of biotic and abiotic factors, especially vegetation, climate and host density; cyprus, due to the mild climate, favors the appearance and spread of tick-borne infections. our objective was to identify the tick species present in the island, to investigate their geographical distribution and their epidemiological implications. during a three-year study (2004-2006) we collected ticks from domestic and wild animals over the island of cyprus. data on ...201627822784
tick (acari: ixodidae) infestations in cattle along geba river basin in guinea-bissau.tick infestations are a major problem for animal production in tropical areas where prevention and control remain deficient. the present study sought to assess the awareness of traditional cattle producers towards the importance of ticks and aimed at the identification of tick species infesting bovines within the geba river basin, guinea-bissau. interviews with producers revealed that the majority directly correlates the presence of ticks with the occurrence of diseases in cattle. however, insuf ...201727825658
ferritin 1 silencing effect in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) during experimental infection with ehrlichia canis.rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is a very common ectoparasite of domestic dogs able to transmit several pathogens of human and veterinary importance. tick infestations and tick-borne diseases (tbds) remain a serious and persistent problem, due to the lack of efficient control measures. it is therefore vital that novel approaches to control are pursued. whilst vaccination is recognised as a potential control method to reduce tick infestation, no anti-r. sanguineus vaccine is available. ...201727825659
small regulatory rnas of rickettsia conorii.small regulatory rnas comprise critically important modulators of gene expression in bacteria, yet very little is known about their prevalence and functions in rickettsia species. r. conorii, the causative agent of mediterranean spotted fever, is a tick-borne pathogen that primarily infects microvascular endothelium in humans. we have determined the transcriptional landscape of r. conorii during infection of human microvascular endothelial cells (hmecs) by strand-specific rna sequencing to ident ...201627834404
the role of cc-chemokines in the regulation of angiogenesis.angiogenesis, the formation of new blood vessels, is critical for survival and in the regenerative response to tissue injury or ischemia. however, in diseases such as cancer and atherosclerosis, inflammation can cause unregulated angiogenesis leading to excessive neovascularization, which exacerbates disease. current anti-angiogenic therapies cause complete inhibition of both inflammatory and ischemia driven angiogenesis causing a range of side effects in patients. specific inhibition of inflamm ...201627834814
cercopithifilaria sp. ii in vulpes vulpes: new host affiliation for an enigmatic canine filarioid.cercopithifilaria bainae and cercopithifilaria grassii (spirurida, onchocercidae) are filarioids inhabiting the skin of dogs worldwide. the microfilariae of a third species namely, cercopithifilaria sp. ii sensu otranto et al. 2013, have been morphologically and molecularly characterized but scientific knowledge of this parasite is minimal. the first case of infection of a red fox (vulpes vulpes) with the filarioid cercopithifilaria sp. ii is herein described in castro marim, portugal. microfila ...201727838834
ticks (acari: ixodidae) infesting cattle and some other domestic and wild hosts on the french mediterranean island of corsica.corsica is a mountainous french island in the north-western mediterranean presenting a large diversity of natural environments where many interactions between domestic animals and wild fauna occur. despite a favourable context for ticks and tick-borne diseases (tbds), the tick fauna of corsica has not systematically been investigated.201627842608
morphological and molecular identification of the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii (acari: ixodidae) vectors of rickettsioses in egypt.rickettsioses have an epidemiological importance that includes pathogens, vectors, and hosts. the dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus and the camel tick hyalomma dromedarii play important roles as vectors and reservoirs of rickettsiae. the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of rickettsiae in ixodid ticks species infesting dogs and camels in egypt, in addition to, the morphological and molecular identification of r. sanguineus and h. dromedarii.201627847418
first report of amitraz and cypermethrin resistance in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato infesting dogs in mexico.engorged female rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (ixodida: ixodidae) were collected from dogs in the state of yucatán, mexico. fourteen tick populations were collected from dogs at seven veterinary clinics, four residential homes and three cattle farms. the larval immersion test was used in the progeny of collected adult females to test susceptibility to amitraz and cypermethrin. dose-mortality regressions, 50% lethal concentrations (lc50 ), confidence intervals and slope were estimated by pr ...201727859488
dinotefuran-induced morphophysiological changes in semi-engorged females rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille, 1806 (acari: ixodidae) ticks: ultra-structural evaluation.the present study demonstrated the effects of dinotefuran (active ingredient of the acaricide protetor pet(®)) on the ovary and midgut cells of semi engorged r. sanguineus females exposed to different concentrations of this chemical. for this, 120 semi-engorged females were divided into four treatment groups with 30 individuals each: group i or control (distilled water), group ii (5000ppm), groups iii (6250ppm) and group iv (8334ppm of dinotefuran). all the ticks were immersed in the different c ...201727876644
notes from the field: community-based prevention of rocky mountain spotted fever - sonora, mexico, 2016.rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), a life-threatening tickborne zoonosis caused by rickettsia rickettsii, is a reemerging disease in mexico (1,2). r. rickettsii is an intracellular bacterium that infects vascular endothelium and can cause multisystem organ failure and death in the absence of timely administration of a tetracycline-class antibiotic, typically doxycycline. epidemic rmsf, as described in parts of arizona and mexico, is associated with massive local infestations of the brown dog t ...201627880753
gray wolf exposure to emerging vector-borne diseases in wisconsin with comparison to domestic dogs and humans.world-wide concern over emerging vector-borne diseases has increased in recent years for both animal and human health. in the united sates, concern about vector-borne diseases in canines has focused on lyme disease, anaplasmosis, ehrlichiosis, and heartworm which infect domestic and wild canids. of these diseases, lyme and anaplasmosis are also frequently diagnosed in humans. gray wolves (canis lupus) recolonized wisconsin in the 1970s, and we evaluated their temporal and geographic patterns of ...201627898670
anaplasma platys in dogs from uruguay.anaplasmataceae family members include vector-borne bacteria of veterinary importance that may also affect humans. ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys are the main members of this family detected in dogs worldwide. in uruguay there are not many published studies on tick-borne pathogens affecting dogs, the only haemoparasite molecularly confirmed in dogs, is the piroplasm rangelia vitalii. the aim of the present work was to detect the presence of a. platys and e. canis in dogs and dogs-associate ...201727908772
a comparative laboratory trial evaluating the immediate efficacy of fluralaner, afoxolaner, sarolaner and imidacloprid + permethrin against adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks attached to dogs.acaricides are used to treat and prevent tick infestations, and a common clinical scenario is to administer an acaricide on observing an attached tick. consequently, immediate acaricidal efficacy (onset of activity and speed of kill) results are clinically valuable. this study evaluated the immediate efficacy of four commercially available acaricides against adult rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato).201627912787
laboratory and field evaluation of brown dog tick behavioral responses to potential semiochemicals.the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (parasitiformis: ixodidae), is an ectoparasite of dogs that can be found worldwide. this tick poses unique difficulties in management because it can complete its entire life cycle indoors and has demonstrated acaricide resistance. the ability to monitor for tick presence and abundance is necessary for developing effective control programs. as such, an evaluation of adult brown dog tick behavioral responses to 16 potential semiochemicals was ...201727914935
effect of the saliva from different triatomine species on the biology and immunity of tlr-4 ligand and trypanosoma cruzi-stimulated dendritic cells.triatomines are blood-sucking vectors of trypanosoma cruzi, the causative agent of chagas disease. during feeding, triatomines surpass the skin host response through biomolecules present in their saliva. dendritic cells (dcs) play a crucial role in the induction of the protection to aggressive agents, including blood-sucking arthropods. here, we evaluated if salivary components of triatomines from different genera evade the host immunity by modulating the biology and the function of lps- or t. c ...201627938380
detection and molecular identification of hepatozoon canis and babesia vogeli from domestic dogs in palestine.dogs serve as hosts for a great number of parasites, which may affect their health and wellbeing. this study aimed to observe tick borne pathogens in dogs from palestine including hepatozoon canis and babesia species. the prevalence of both h. canis and babesia species infections in apparently healthy dogs, from ten districts of the west bank was surveyed. dna was extracted from blood samples obtained from dogs (n = 362) and ticks (n = 213) collected from dogs (n = 77). a primer set that amplifi ...201727938422
exon-intron structure and sequence variation of the calreticulin gene among rhipicephalus sanguineus group ticks.calreticulin proteins (crts) are important components of tick saliva, which is involved in the blood meal success, pathogen transmission and host allergic responses. the characterization of the genes encoding for salivary proteins, such as crts, is pivotal to understand the mechanisms of tick-host interaction during blood meal and to develop tick control strategies based on their inhibition. in hard ticks, crt genes were shown to have only one intron with conserved position among species. in thi ...201627955695
anaplasma species of veterinary importance in japan.anaplasma species of the family anaplasmataceae, order rickettsiales are tick-borne organisms that can cause disease in animals and humans. in japan, all recognized species of anaplasma (except for anaplasma ovis) and a potentially novel anaplasma sp. closely related to anaplasma phagocytophilum have been reported. most of these detected tick-borne pathogens are believed to be lowly pathogenic in animals in japan although the zoonotic a. phagocytophilum has recently been reported to cause clinic ...201627956767
molecular detection and characterization of zoonotic and veterinary pathogens in ticks from northeastern china.tick-borne diseases are considered as emerging infectious diseases in humans and animals in china. in this study, ixodes persulcatus (n = 1699), haemaphysalis concinna (n = 412), haemaphysalis longicornis (n = 390), dermacentor nuttalli (n = 253), and dermacentor silvarum (n = 204) ticks were collected by flagging from northeastern china, and detected for infection with anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, and hepatozoon spp. by using nested polymerase chain reaction assays and sequencing analysis. an ...201627965644
serosurvey of borrelia in dogs, horses, and humans exposed to ticks in a rural settlement of southern brazil.the aims of the present study were to serosurvey dogs, horses, and humans highly exposed to tick bites for anti-borrelia burgdorferi s.l. antibodies, identify tick species present, and determine risk factors associated with seropositivity in a rural settlement of paraná state, southern brazil. eighty-seven residents were sampled, along with their 83 dogs and 18 horses, and individual questionnaires were administered. immunofluorescence antibody test (ifat) was performed on serum samples and posi ...201627982299
"candidatus rickettsia asemboensis" in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, brazil."candidatus rickettsia asemboensis" is an obligate intracellular bacterium of the rickettsiales order, genetically related to species belonging to the rickettsia felis group, agents of flea-borne spotted fever. here we report for the first time the detection of "ca. r. asemboensis", a flea-associated organism, in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. it is the first occurrence of this emerging bacterium in brazil, which increases the geographical distribution of this r. felis-like agent.201727986544
rhipicephalus turanicus, a new vector of hepatozoon canis.the distribution of hepatozoon canis mainly encompasses areas where its main tick vector, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, is present. however, the detection of this pathogen in dogs, foxes and golden jackals well outside the areas inhabited by this tick species reinforced the hypothesis that additional ixodids are involved in the life cycle and transmission of this protozoon. the present study provides, for the first time, data supporting the sporogonic development of h. canis in specimens ...201627998321
rhipicephalus sanguineus importation into the uk: surveillance, risk, public health awareness and one health response.as part of public health england's assessment of vectorborne disease risk to public health in the uk, tick specimens are regularly submitted by veterinarians for identification via the tick surveillance scheme. recently, a number of these specimens have been identified as the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus this species is non-endemic to the uk and presents a risk to both human and animal health due to its role in the transmission of various tickborne pathogens. although current climati ...201727999153
first identification and description of rickettsioses and q fever as causes of acute febrile illness in nicaragua.rickettsial infections and q fever present similarly to other acute febrile illnesses, but are infrequently diagnosed because of limited diagnostic tools. despite sporadic reports, rickettsial infections and q fever have not been prospectively studied in central america.201628036394
first documentation of ivermectin resistance in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae).the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (latreille, 1806), is an ectoparasite and disease vector of significant veterinary and public health importance that is distributed widely around the world. the intensive use of synthetic acaricides for tick control exerts a strong selective pressure for brown dog ticks to become resistant to them. here, we investigated claims from the field regarding treatment failure associated with the use of veterinary products containing ivermectin (iv ...201728043394
molecular and functional characterization of bm05br antigen from rhipicephalus microplus.rhipicephalus microplus is a cattle-specific tick, causing considerable losses in the livestock industry. the identification of molecules responsible for modulation of host defenses during different parasite stages can help in the development of alternative methods, such as vaccination, to control tick infestations. hq05, a protein of unknown function identified in the tick haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, induced a significant protective immune response when used as a vaccine in sheep. in the presen ...201728043800
a rare case of mediterranean spotted fever and encephalitis.mediterranean spotted fever is a tick-borne zoonotic disease caused by rickettsia conorii. it is transmitted by the dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus. it usually presents as a benign self-limited disease characterized by a skin rash, high fever, and, sometimes, a characteristic ulcer at the tick bite site called tache noir. the course of this disease is usually benign, although severe manifestations have been previously described, mainly in adults. neurological manifestations are very unusual. w ...201628053795
synanthropic mammals as potential hosts of tick-borne pathogens in panama.synanthropic wild mammals can be important hosts for many vector-borne zoonotic pathogens. the aim of this study was determine the exposure of synanthropic mammals to two types of tick-borne pathogens in panama, spotted fever group rickettsia (sfgr) and borrelia relapsing fever (rf) spirochetes. one hundred and thirty-one wild mammals were evaluated, including two gray foxes, two crab-eating foxes (from zoos), four coyotes, 62 opossum and 63 spiny rats captured close to rural towns. to evaluate ...201728060928
molecular detection of rickettsia species in ticks collected from the southwestern provinces of the republic of korea.rickettsiae constitute a group of arthropod-borne, gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria that are the causative agents of diseases ranging from mild to life threatening that impact on medical and veterinary health worldwide.201728069059
determination the role of rhipicephalus sanguineus for transmission of leishmania major to reservoir animals.this study aimed to explore the role of rhipicephalus sanguineus in the transmission of leishmania major, the etiological agent of zoonotic cutaneous leishmaniasis.201628091384
associated factors to seroprevalence of ehrlichia spp. in dogs of quintana roo, mexico.the objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence to ehrlichia spp. in dogs from xcalak, quintana roo, mexico, and the associated factors. serum samples were obtained from 118 dogs and used in an indirect immunofluorescent assay test for the detection of antibodies against ehrlichia spp. a questionnaire was used to obtain information about possible variables associated with seroprevalence. these variables were analyzed through chi(2) test and logistic regression. dog seroprevalence ...201628096818
detection of rickettsia hoogstraalii, rickettsia helvetica, rickettsia massiliae, rickettsia slovaca and rickettsia aeschlimannii in ticks from sardinia, italy.tick-borne diseases represent a large proportion of infectious diseases that have become a world health concern. the presence of rickettsia spp. was evaluated by standard pcr and sequencing in 123 ticks collected from several mammals and vegetation in sardinia, italy. this study provides the first evidence of the presence of rickettsia hoogstralii in haemaphysalis punctata and haemaphysalis sulcata ticks from mouflon and rickettsia helvetica in ixodes festai ticks from hedgehog. in addition, ric ...201728110915
east and west separation of rhipicephalus sanguineus mitochondrial lineages in the mediterranean basin.rhipicephalus sanguineus belongs to a complex of hard tick species with high veterinary-medical significance. recently, new phylogenetic units have been discovered within r. sanguineus, which therefore needs taxonomic revision. the present study was initiated to provide new information on the phylogeography of relevant haplotypes from less studied regions of europe and africa. with this aim, molecular-phylogenetic analyses of two mitochondrial markers were performed on 50 ticks collected in hung ...201728115024
first detection of tick-borne pathogens of dogs from malta.the knowledge about the vector-borne infections in domestic dogs has been increasing worldwide. however no studies have been done on hard tick infestation and tick-borne pathogens (tbps) of dogs present in malta. therefore, a total of 99 dogs was selected and inspected between march and july 2013 in 18 urban and 17 rural areas on the islands of malta and gozo. all ticks were removed from the dogs and identified. blood samples were taken and tested for protozoa (babesia spp. and hepatozoon spp.) ...201728143697
rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks: a new vector from the continent to the uk? 201728154217
mitochondrial dna analysis of rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. from the western iberian peninsula.rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille (1806) (ixodida: ixodidae) is considered to be the most widely distributed tick and to have a vast range of habitats and hosts, including livestock, pets and wildlife. in addition to morphological differences, recent investigations using approaches based on molecular genetic markers have revealed the existence of different r. sanguineus lineages in different geographic regions. in this study, 475 ticks collected from dogs in the western iberian peninsula were s ...201728165138
detrimental effect of deltamethrin on the central nervous system (synganglion) of rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks.ticks are ectoparasites of medical and veterinary importance, which transmit many infectious agents, causing significant damage to the hosts. the "dog tick" rhipicephalus sanguineus is responsible for transmitting several pathogens to dogs, motivating researchers to investigate efficient and sustainable control methods. currently, chemical acaricides currently in use target the central nervous system (synganglion), which is responsible for controlling all the systemic functions of the ticks. her ...201728185030
species of ticks and carried pathogens in owned dogs in spain: results of a one-year national survey.this study presents the results of a national survey in spain on the distribution of ticks on owned dogs, their phenology and the associated pathogens over one year. in the study, 1628 adult ticks were collected on 660 dogs presented to 26 veterinary practices, of which 507 dogs (76.8%) carried at least one adult tick. the primary species of ticks were rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (53%), dermacentor reticulatus (9%), ixodes ricinus (9%), and i. hexagonus (4%). parasitism by two species of these ...201728188085
mediterranean spotted fever: a rare non-endemic disease in the usa.we report a case of a 43-year-old israeli male who presented with an intermittent fever associated with a gradual appearance of diffusely scattered erythematous non-pruritic maculopapular lesions, generalized body malaise, muscle aches, and distal extremity weakness. he works in the israeli military and has been exposed to dogs that are used to search for people in tunnels and claimed that he had removed ticks from the dogs. in the hospital, he presented with fever, a diffuse maculopapular rash, ...201728191378
a novel assembly pheromone trap for tick control in dog kennels.a novel ecofriendly sticky tick trap device for the control of dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus using gold nanoparticle assembly pheromone complex as a bait was developed. assembly pheromones comprising of guanine, xanthine and adenine in the ratio of 25:1:1 was encapsulated in gold nanoparticle. the response of the different stages of unfed r. sanguineus ticks was evaluated using petridish bioassay. statistical analysis was done using chi-square test. petridish bioassay with unfed stages of r. ...201728215869
immunogenic potential of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus aquaporin 1 against rhipicephalus sanguineus in domestic dogs.this study evaluated a recombinant aquaporin 1 protein of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (rmaqp1) as antigen in a vaccine against r. sanguineus. five dogs were immunized with rmaqp1 (10 µg) + adjuvant (montanide) (g1), and five were inoculated with adjuvant only (g2), three times. twenty-one days after the last immunization, animals of both groups were challenged with r. sanguineus larvae, nymphs and adults, and their biotic potential was compared. blood samples were collected before each i ...201728225856
molecular investigation into the presence of a coxiella sp. in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in australia.q fever is an infectious disease with a global distribution caused by the intracellular bacterium, coxiella burnetii, which has been detected in a large number of tick species worldwide, including the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus. recent reports of a high seroprevalance of c. burnetii in australian dogs, along with the identification of additional coxiella species within r. sanguineus ticks, has prompted an investigation into the presence and identification of coxiella species in r. ...201728284601
association of ehrlichia canis, hemotropic mycoplasma spp. and anaplasma platys and severe anemia in dogs in thailand.canine tick-borne bacteria; ehrlichia canis, hemotropic mycoplasma spp. and anaplasma spp., are organisms transmitted by rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks. however, only a few clinical studies evaluating dogs infected with these organisms and anemia condition have been published. in this study, the potential tick-borne bacteria linked to anemia were investigated in eighty-one blood samples selected from anemic dogs using a broad range nested-pcr of the 16s rrna gene. positive results were shown in ...201728284610
genetic characterization of rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) ticks from dogs in portugal.the taxonomic status of the brown dog tick rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu stricto) is a subject of on-going debate; there is a consensus that populations of this tick species should be referred to as r. sanguineus (sensu lato) until its taxonomic status is resolved. recent genetic studies revealed the existence of more than one lineage of r. sanguineus (s.l.) in temperate countries. in this study, we assessed the genetic identity of ticks collected from rural dogs living in several areas locate ...201728285602
feline and canine leishmaniosis and other vector-borne diseases in the aeolian islands: pathogen and vector circulation in a confined environment.vector-borne diseases (vbds) are prevalently investigated in dogs. studies on feline vbds are scant, though feline leishmaniosis (fel) is increasingly recognised as a disease of cats in endemic areas. comprehensive investigations on the distribution of vbds in populations of cats and dogs living in relatively small geographical areas, such as islands, are currently lacking. in this study the prevalence of leishmania infantum and other vbd pathogens was assessed in cohorts of cats and dogs living ...201728288759
serological and molecular prevalence of canine vector-borne diseases (cvbds) in korea.previous surveys in dogs from korea indicated that dogs are exposed to a variety of vector- borne pathogens, but perception for a nation-wide canine vector-borne disease (cvbd) occurrence has been missing. we report here results of both serological and molecular prevalence studies for major cvbds of dogs from all over the south korean peninsula except for jeju island.201728298245
using plastic tips in artificial feeding of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) females.this study evaluated the influence of the initial weight, feeding period and temperature on weight gain and biological parameters of the non-parasitic phase of partially engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus females that were artificially fed using plastic tips as feeding devices. the device did not alter the oviposition of the females or any other parameters evaluated. furthermore, it was observed that the temperature of the feeding the group did not affect the weight gain and biology of ticks. thi ...201728327880
genetic characterization of spotted fever group rickettsiae in questing ixodid ticks collected in israel and environmental risk factors for their infection.this study aimed to genetically characterize spotted fever group rickettsiae (sfgr) in questing ixodid ticks from israel and to identify risk factors associated with sfgr-positive ticks using molecular techniques and geographic information systems (gis) analysis. 1039 ticks from the genus rhipicephalus were collected during 2014. 109/1039 (10·49%) carried sfgr-dna of either rickettsia massiliae (95), 'candidatus rickettsia barbariae' (8) or rickettsia conorii (6). higher prevalence of sfgr was f ...201728330517
brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, infestation of susceptible dog hosts is reduced by slow release of semiochemicals from a less susceptible host.domestic dog breeds are hosts for the brown dog tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, but infestation levels vary among breeds. beagles are less susceptible to tick infestations than english cocker spaniels due to enhanced production of 2-hexanone and benzaldehyde that act as volatile tick repellents. we report the use of prototype slow-release formulations of these compounds to reduce the burden of r. sanguineus s. l. on english cocker spaniel dogs. twelve dogs were randomly assigned to tw ...201728340941
larvae of ixodiphagus wasps (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (acari: ixodidae) from brazil.the biological control of ticks represents an alternative method to the chemical control, given its ecological-friendly approach. amongst the alternatives, the use of parasitoids of the genus ixodiphagus (hymenoptera: encyrtidae) has been largely investigated. the aim of this study was to document and molecularly characterize ixodiphagus wasps in ticks from a tropical region of brazil. from october 2015 to march 2016, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks (n=1814) were collected from natural ...201728344035
molecular characterization of babesia and theileria species in ticks collected in the outskirt of monte romano, lazio region, central italy.in 2012-2013, an investigation was carried out in the viterbo province, lazio region, on ticks and tick-borne apicomplexan protozoa of the babesia and theileria genera. this followed the reporting of high density of ticks by soldiers operating in a military shooting range, and the signaling by owners and local veterinary authorities of several cases of babesiosis among cattle.201728361802
rocky mountain spotted fever in mexico: past, present, and future.rocky mountain spotted fever, a tick-borne zoonosis caused by rickettsia rickettsii, is among the most lethal of all infectious diseases in the americas. in mexico, the disease was first described during the early 1940s by scientists who carefully documented specific environmental determinants responsible for devastating outbreaks in several communities in the states of sinaloa, sonora, durango, and coahuila. these investigators also described the pivotal roles of domesticated dogs and rhipiceph ...201728365226
retrospective molecular study on canine hepatozoonosis in slovakia - does infection risk for dogs really exist?this study provides the very first evidence of hepatozoon canis infection in dogs from slovakia, a rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato free area. in total, 297 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 293 dogs, from three regions of slovakia, were screened for the presence of h. canis using a conventional 18s rrna polymerase chain reaction (pcr). genomic dna of this blood parasite was detected in 51 (17.1%) foxes from all sampling regions in slovakia, whereas the overall prevalence in examined dogs was sig ...201728366618
the effects of neem oil (azadirachta indica a. juss) enriched with different concentrations of azadirachtin on the integument of semi-engorged rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) females.several studies searching for methods to control rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., (dog tick) infestations have been developed aiming to minimize the damages caused by these ectoparasites to the hosts and the environment, which is harmed by the indiscriminate use of toxic acaricide products. in this scenario, neem oil has been used as a natural alternative against ticks, once this chemical has repellent properties and interferes in the growth regulation of these ectoparasites, inhibiting ecdysis. t ...201728370810
efficacy of a new spot-on formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner against four common tick species infesting cats in europe.a single application of a new spot-on formulation of selamectin plus sarolaner (stronghold(®)plus, zoetis) was evaluated for efficacy against the most common tick species infesting cats in europe. in each of the seven laboratory studies, 16 adult and purpose-bred cats were randomly allocated to one of two treatment groups based on pre-treatment tick counts. weekly infestations with 50 unfed adult ixodes ricinus (2 studies), ixodes hexagonus (1 study), dermacentor reticulatus (2 studies), or rhip ...201728395754
transstadial transmission of hepatozoon canis by rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae) in field conditions.this study investigated possible transovarial and transstadial transmission of hepatozoon canis by rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) ticks collected from naturally infected dogs in a municipal dog shelter and the grounds of the shelter. four hundred sixty-five engorged nymphs were collected from 16 stray dogs that were found to be infected with h. canis by blood smear and pcr analyses and maintained in an incubator at 28 °c for moulting. four hundred eighteen nymphs moulted to adults 14-16 d ...201728399211
ultrastructural morphology and molecular analyses of tropical and temperate "species" of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (acari: ixodidae) in brazil.the rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) complex (acari:ixodidae) is composed of species with intra- and interspecific morphological variation that make their diagnosis difficult. in the present study, male specimens of the r. sanguineus complex were collected from dogs in six districts of three regions of brazil and submitted to molecular and scanning electron microscopy (sem) analyses. analysis of cox1 gene, 12s rdna, and d-loop rdna shows that ticks classified as r. sanguineus form two differ ...201728399274
israeli spotted fever in sicily. description of two cases and minireview.mediterranean spotted fever (msf) is endemic in italy, where rickettsia conorii subsp. conorii was thought to be the only pathogenic rickettsia and rhipicephalus sanguineus the vector and main reservoir. r. conorii subsp. israelensis, which belongs to the r. conorii complex, is the agent of israeli spotted fever (isf); apart from israel, it has also been found in italy (sicily and sardinia) and in different regions of portugal. we describe here two severe cases of isf which occurred in otherwise ...201728408252
ticks and tick-borne pathogens of dogs along an elevational and land-use gradient in chiriquí province, panamá.systematic acarological surveys are useful tools in assessing risk to tick-borne infections, especially in areas where consistent clinical surveillance for tick-borne disease is lacking. our goal was to identify environmental predictors of tick burdens on dogs and tick-borne infectious agents in dog-derived ticks in the chiriquí province of western panama to draw inferences about spatio-temporal variation in human risk to tick-borne diseases. we used a model-selection approach to test the relati ...201728417248
spotted fever: epidemiology and vector-rickettsia-host relationship in rio de janeiro state.the eco-epidemiological scenario of spotted fever (sf), a tick-borne disease that affects humans and other animals in several countries around the world, was analyzed in rio de janeiro (rj) state, brazil. during the last 34 years, 990 sf cases were reported in rj (the brazilian state with the highest population density), including 116 cases confirmed by serology (rifi) or pcr, among 42.39% of the municipalities with reported cases of sf. the epidemiologic dynamics of sf in rj state are very hete ...201728424664
first report of a rickettsia asembonensis related infecting fleas in brazil.the present study was performed in a non-endemic area for spotted fever (sf) in imperatriz microregion, state of maranhão, brazil. blood samples and ectoparasites were collected from 300 dogs of the imperatriz microregion. canine serum samples were tested individually by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), using five rickettsia isolates from brazil. antibodies reactive to at least one of the five species of rickettsia were detected in 1.6% of the dogs (5/300). these sera were considered rea ...201728427962
vector competence of amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) for rickettsia rickettsii.rickettsia rickettsii - the etiologic agent of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) - is widely spread across the americas. in the us, dermacentor spp. ticks are identified as primary vectors of r. rickettsii and rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. has been implicated in transmission of this pathogen in several locations in the southwest. conversely, ticks of the genus amblyomma are recognized vectors of rmsf in central and south america, but not in the us. a. americanum is one of the most aggressive h ...201728433728
anaplasma spp. in dogs and owners in north-western morocco.anaplasma phagocytophilum is an emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen of increased interest worldwide which has been detected in northern africa. anaplasma platys is also present in this region and could possibly have a zoonotic potential. however, only one recent article reports on the human esposure to a. phagocytophilum in morocco and no data are available on canine exposure to both bacteria. therefore, we conducted a cross-sectional epidemiological study aiming to assess both canine and huma ...201728438220
cercopithifilaria bainae in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks from dogs in brazil.rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) ticks act as intermediate host for a range of canine vector-borne pathogens, including nematodes ranked in the genus cercopithifilaria. though being the object of several studies in the last years, information on the distribution of these parasites is still lacking. in this study, the occurrence of cercopithifilaria spp. was investigated in on-host population of r. sanguineus s.l. collected from naturally infested dogs. ticks (n=1906, including one larv ...201728442240
a retrospective study of the characterization of rickettsia species in ticks collected from humans.rickettsiae (family rickettsiaceae, order rickettsiales) are obligate intracellular bacteria transmitted by arthropod vectors. several rickettsia species causing vector-borne rickettsioses belong to the spotted fever group (sfg). traditionally, rickettsia conorii has been considered as the main etiologic agent of mediterranean spotted fever. however, the molecular characterization of rickettsiae allowed identifying other species involved in spotted fever in the mediterranean region. in this stud ...201728457821
effect of metarhizium anisopliae (ascomycete), cypermethrin, and d-limonene, alone and combined, on larval mortality of rhipicephalus sanguineus (acari: ixodidae).the effect of the fungus metarhizium anisopliae ma14 strain, d-limonene, and cypermethrin, alone and combined, on the mortality of rhipicephalus sanguineus latreille larvae was evaluated. eight separate groups with 25 tick larvae were inoculated with the fungus, cypermethrin, and d-limonene, and four groups were used as untreated controls. the groups were inoculated with serial dilutions of each treatment material: for example, conidial concentrations were 1 × 101, 1 × 102, 1 × 103, 1 × 104, 1 × ...201728472470
genetic analysis of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato ticks parasites of dogs in africa north of the sahara based on mitochondrial dna sequences.the aim of this work was to determine the evolutionary relationship among tick populations of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato distributed in africa north of the sahara and different lineages of r. sanguineus s.l. distributed in different regions of sub-saharan africa, america and europe through the analysis of dna sequences of two mitochondrial genes. one hundred and thirty six 16s rrna gene sequences and twenty-seven 12s rrna gene sequences of r. sanguineus s.l. were analyzed. phylogenetic ...201728495189
in vitro repellency of deet and β-citronellol against the ticks rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and amblyomma sculptum.rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and amblyomma sculptum can parasite humans and domestic animals and are vectors of pathogens, including zoonoses. repellents are an important tool of tick control. this study aimed to compare the efficacy of n,n-diethyl- 3-methylbenzamide (deet), a standard repellent, versus β-citronellol in a petri dish bioassay. a semicircle of filter paper (31.8cm(2)) was treated with 87μl of one of four concentrations (0.200, 0.100, 0.050 and 0.025mg/cm(2)) of β-citronello ...028495195
human feet bitten by multiple brown dog ticks, rhipicephalus sanguineus. 201728529887
rickettsia rickettsii infecting rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (latreille 1806), in high altitude atlantic forest fragments, ceara state, brazil.in brazil, spotted fever (sf) is caused by rickettsia rickettsii and rickettsia parkeri strain atlantic forest. in recent years, several human cases of a milder sf have been reported from the maciço de baturité region of ceará state. previous studies in this region found r. parkeri strain atlantic forest to be present in rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and amblyomma ovale ticks. the present study isolated and identified the rickettsia spp. present in this new endemic area in brazil. in march ...201728535905
occurrence of <i>coxiella burnetii</i>, <i>ehrlichia canis</i>, <i>rickettsia</i> species and <i>anaplasma phagocytophilum</i>-like bacterium in ticks collected from dogs and cats in south africa.ticks are major vectors of arthropod-borne infections and transmit a wide variety of zoonotic pathogens. this study was conducted mainly to determine the occurrence of canine tick-borne bacterial and rickettsial pathogens especially those with zoonotic potential. we examined 276 rhipicephalus sanguineus, 38 haemaphysalis elliptica and 4 amblyomma hebraeum ticks from 90 dogs and 4 cats from the free state, kwazulu-natal, north west and mpumalanga provinces. dna of coxiella burnetii (41%), ehrlich ...201728582983
rickettsia amblyommatis infecting ticks and exposure of domestic dogs to rickettsia spp. in an amazon-cerrado transition region of northeastern brazil.this study was performed in maranhão state, a transition area two brazilian biomes, amazon and cerrado. during 2011-2013, 1,560 domestic dogs were sampled for collection of serum blood samples and ticks in eight counties (3 within the amazon and 5 within the cerrado). a total of 959 ticks were collected on 150 dogs (9.6%). rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) was the most abundant tick (68% of all collected specimens), followed by amblyomma cajennense sensu lato (s.l.) (12.9%), amblyomma p ...201728594882
deltamethrin as inductor agent of precocious ovarian degeneration in rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. (acari: ixodidae) ticks.the cosmopolitan species rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. is one of the most widely distributed ticks all over the world. these ectoparasites are vectors of several pathogens and cause significant direct damage to their hosts. the biological success of these ectoparasites has been attributed to their ovaries and salivary glands, organs that ensure their survival in various environmental conditions. the importance of the ovaries in ticks is that, after mating, the individuals are able to lay approxi ...201728597314
therapeutic management of canine ehrlichiosis with aid of blood transfusion: a case report.an adult female labrador retriever dog was presented at referral veterinary polyclinic, ivri in lateral recumbency with history of anorexia, high fever, severe panting, heavy tick infestation, and not responding to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones since last 1 week. clinical examination showed pale conjunctiva, enlarged popliteal lymph node however, electrocardiogram (ecg) report found to be normal. haematological finding showed marked anaemia and thrombocytopenia. parasitological examination ...201728615848
molecular identification of babesia spp. in naturally infected dogs of kerala, south india.canine babesiosis is a tick borne haemoprotozoan disease caused by large and small intraerythrocytic apicomplexan piroplasms of the genus babesia spp. the clinical manifestations of the disease vary from inapparent subclinical form to hyperacute shock related haemolytic crisis. microscopic examination of blood smears from suspected dogs revealed babesia canis and b. gibsoni in 3.45 and 25.86 % of samples respectively. a seminested pcr based on previously published species specific primers target ...201728615859
determination of metabolic resistance mechanisms in pyrethroid-resistant and fipronil-tolerant brown dog ticks.rhipicephalus sanguineus (latreille) (ixodida: ixodidae) is a three-host dog tick found worldwide that is able to complete its' entire lifecycle indoors. options for the management of r. sanguineus are limited and its' control relies largely on only a few acaricidal active ingredients. previous studies have confirmed permethrin resistance and fipronil tolerance in r. sanguineus populations, commonly conferred by metabolic detoxification or target site mutations. herein, five strains of permethri ...201728639697
direct evidence of rickettsia typhi infection in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks and their canine hosts.murine typhus is a rickettsiosis caused by rickettsia typhi, whose transmission is carried out by rat fleas in urban settlements as classically known, but it also has been related to cat fleas in a sub-urban alternative cycle that has been suggested by recent reports. these studies remarks that in addition to rats, other animals like cats, opossums and dogs could be implied in the transmission of rickettsia typhi as infected fleas obtained from serologically positive animals have been detected i ...201728652984
diversity and distribution of ticks from domestic ruminants in lebanon.ticks (acari: ixodidae) are ectoparasites infesting livestock in every geographic area in the world and they are vectors of several viral, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens to animals and humans worldwide. a deep knowledge of the geographical distribution of these arthropods would have a key role in the control of tick-borne diseases. few data are available about tick presence in domestic ruminants in lebanon. the study aimed at providing an analysis of tick presence and distribution in lebanon ...201728675252
ixodidae fauna of domestic dogs in parana, southern brazil.the present study aimed to contribute towards identification and registration of tick species that parasitize dogs in rural and urban areas of three mesoregions of paraná, southern brazil, and to estimate the rate of occurrence of each species. fifty-six dogs with ticks living in three mesoregions: metropolitana de curitiba (mc), centro oriental (cop) and centro sul paranaense (csp), were used in the study. from these 56 dogs, 253 ticks were collected and were identified and morphologically char ...201728678895
molecular survey of haemoplasmas in shelter dogs and associations with rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato.this study aimed to assess the occurrence of canine haemoplasma infection in domestic dogs and its possible trans-stadial transmission by rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (ixodida: ixodidae) in shelter dogs in diyarbakır province in southeast turkey. blood samples (n = 282) collected from domestic dogs were analysed by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the presence of canine haemoplasma. fully engorged nymphs (n = 204) were removed from dogs that were positive for canine haemoplasma by pcr ...201728685834
interaction between saliva's adenosine and tick parasitism: effects on feeding and reproduction.it has recently been demonstrated that saliva from rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks contains adenosine (ado) and prostaglandin e2 (pge2), two non-protein molecules that have significant immunomodulatory properties. these molecules can inhibit cytokine production by dendritic cells (dcs), while also reducing the expression of cd40 in these cells. however, more studies are needed for a better understanding of their participation in the feeding of ticks in vivo. this work, therefore, evaluated the im ...201728693553
comparative analysis of storage conditions and homogenization methods for tick and flea species for identification by maldi-tof ms.ticks and fleas are vectors for numerous human and animal pathogens. controlling them, which is important in combating such diseases, requires accurate identification, to distinguish between vector and non-vector species. recently, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof-ms) was applied to the rapid identification of arthropods. the growth of this promising tool, however, requires guidelines to be established. to this end, standardization protocols ...201728722283
a new pcr assay for the detection and differentiation of babesia canis and babesia vogeli.babesia spp. are globally distributed tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect the red blood cells of a wide range of vertebrate hosts, including humans. diagnosis of babesiosis is often impeded by the transient presence of the parasites in peripheral blood, as well as by their pleomorphic nature. given the reports of an expanding and, in some cases, sympatric geographical distribution of babesia canis and babesia vogeli in dogs and associated vectors, in europe, the development of time-effici ...201728739301
molecular and maldi-tof identification of ticks and tick-associated bacteria in mali.ticks are considered the second vector of human and animal diseases after mosquitoes. therefore, identification of ticks and associated pathogens is an important step in the management of these vectors. in recent years, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been reported as a promising method for the identification of arthropods including ticks. the objective of this study was to improve the conditions for the preparation of tick samples ...201728742123
detection of coxiella burnetii dna in peridomestic and wild animals and ticks in an endemic region (canary islands, spain).coxiella burnetii, the etiological agent of human q fever, can infect mammals, birds, and arthropods. the canary islands (spain) are considered an endemic territory, with a high prevalence in both humans and livestock. nonetheless, there is no epidemiological information about the wild and peridomestic cycles of c. burnetii. tissue samples from rodents on farms (100) and wild rabbits (129) were collected and assessed by pcr to detect c. burnetii dna. in parallel, ticks were also collected from v ...201728759337
ticks from diverse genera encode chemokine-inhibitory evasin proteins.to prolong residence on their hosts, ticks secrete many salivary factors that target host defense molecules. in particular, the tick rhipicephalus sanguineus has been shown to produce three salivary glycoproteins named "evasins", which bind to host chemokines, thereby inhibiting the recruitment of leukocytes to the location of the tick bite. using sequence similarity searches, we have identified 257 new putative evasin sequences encoded by the genomes or salivary or visceral transcriptomes of nu ...201728778927
the prevalence of anaplasma platys and a potential novel anaplasma species exceed that of ehrlichia canis in asymptomatic dogs and rhipicephalus sanguineus in taiwan.canine anaplasmosis is regarded as an infection by anaplasma platys rather than zoonotic anaplasma phagocytophilum in subtropical areas based on the assumption that the common dog tick species is rhipicephalus sanguineus, which transmits e. canis and presumably a. platys. we investigated asymptomatic dogs and dog ticks from 16 communities in nantou county, taiwan to identify common dog tick species and to determine the prevalence of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. of total 175 canine blood samples ...201728781347
the sustained speed of kill of ticks (rhipicephalus sanguineus) and fleas (ctenocephalides felis felis) on dogs by a spot-on combination of fipronil and permethrin (effitix®) compared with oral afoxolaner (nexgard®).the rapid speed of kill of a spot-on, combination of fipronil-permethrin (effitix®, virbac) was shown against infestations of rhipicephalus sanguineus and ctenocephalides felis on dogs. efficacy was determined against new infestations at weekly intervals for one month after treatment. dogs were allocated randomly to either an untreated control or to a single administration, given on day 0, of either topical fipronil-permethrin (6.7-13.4mg/kg and 60-120mg/kg, respectively) or oral afoxolaner (2.7 ...201728807310
molecular evidence for trans-stadial transmission of anaplasma platys by rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato under field conditions.this study investigated the transmission of anaplasma platys by rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (ixodida: ixodidae). engorged nymphs (n = 404) removed from a. platys-infected dogs were incubated at 28 °c until moulting. unfed adults were obtained and divided into 48 pools. unfed ticks collected from the grounds of the dog shelter, comprising 1800 larvae (n = 18 pools), 3100 nymphs (n = 62 pools) and 85 adults (n = 10 pools, including three male and seven female pools) were sorted into 90 poo ...201728815682
crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks collected from livestock in albania.albania is a balkan country endemic for crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever (cchf). it was shown previously that cchf virus (cchfv) sequences from albanian patients cluster into europe 1 clade. aim of the present study was to test for cchfv ticks collected in several regions of albania, and to determine the genetic lineage(s) of the cchfv strains in relation with their geographic distribution. a total of 726 ticks (366 hyalomma marginatum, 349 rhipicephalus bursa and 11 rhipicephalus sanguineus) col ...201728827176
the effect of excluding ungulates on the abundance of ixodid ticks on wild rabbit (oryctolagus cuniculus).tick abundance depends heavily on host density, so reducing access to the host should reduce tick populations in a determined area. in this study we compared the parasitic index (pi = average number of ticks per rabbit) of two wild rabbit populations separated 16 years ago by a fence keeping ungulates from moving freely. two areas were selected (closed and open) wherein 50 wild rabbits per area were sampled for ticks. the pi in the open area (pi = 989.62) was significantly higher than in the clo ...201728840404
prevalence and distribution of borrelia and babesia species in ticks feeding on dogs in the u.k.ticks were collected during march-july 2015 from dogs by veterinarians throughout the u.k. and used to estimate current prevalences and distributions of pathogens. dna was extracted from 4750 ticks and subjected to polymerase chain reaction and sequence analysis to identify borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (spirochaetales: spirochaetaceae) and babesia (piroplasmida: babesiidae) species. of 4737 ticks [predominantly ixodes ricinus linneaus (ixodida: ixodidae)], b. burgdorferi s.l. was detected in ...201728846148
molecular characterization of hepatozoon felis in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks infested on captive lions (panthera leo).hepatozoon spp. are protozoan parasites that infect a wide range of domestic and wild animals. the infection occurs by ingestion of an infected tick. this study was carried out to detect and characterize hepatozoon spp. in ticks collected from captive lions (panthera leo) in thailand based on the partial 18s rrna gene sequence. a total of 30 ticks were collected and identified as rhipicephalus sanguineus. the collected ticks were separated into 10 tick pools by sex and life stages. of the 10 tic ...201728848300
evaluation of the acaricidal activity of thymol incorporated in two formulations for topical use against immature stages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (latreille, 1806) (acari: ixodidae).the objective of this study was to assess, for the first time, the in vitro acaricidal activity of two topical formulations containing thymol, on immature stages of rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato. for this purpose, two base formulations were prepared: an oil-in-water (o/w) emulsion and a hydroalcoholic solution, containing different thymol concentrations (0.5 to 20 mg/ml). we used the larval packet test for non-engorged larvae and nymphs, and the immersion test for engorged larvae and nymph ...201728875304
bacterial microbiota associated with rhipicephalus sanguineus (s.l.) ticks from france, senegal and arizona.ticks of the group rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato) are distributed worldwide and are major pathogen vectors of both dogs and humans. previous phylogenetic reconstructions have suggested the existence of two main lineages within this group, "tropical" and "temperate". symbiotic interactions contribute to vector development, survival, reproduction and competence. the diversity of microbial communities associated with different populations of r. sanguineus (s.l.) remains poorly characterized, ...201728886749
molecular detection of anaplasma platys, anaplasma phagocytophilum and wolbachia sp. but not ehrlichia canis in croatian dogs.the bacteria anaplasma platys, anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia canis are tick-borne agents that cause canine vector-borne disease. the prevalence of these pathogens in south eastern europe is unknown with the exception of an isolated case of a. platys detected in a dog imported into germany from croatia. to gain a better insight into their presence and prevalence, pcr-based screening for these bacterial pathogens was performed on domesticated dogs from different regions of croatia. blood ...201728905230
molecular detection of crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks, greece, 2012-2014.crimean-congo hemorrhagic fever virus (cchfv) is transmitted to humans mainly through the bite of infected ticks. in greece, only one clinical case has been observed, in 2008, but the seroprevalence in humans is relatively high (4.2%). to have a first insight into the circulation of cchfv in greece, 2000 ticks collected from livestock during 2012-2014 were tested. cchfv was detected in 36 of the 1290 (2.8%) tick pools (1-5 ticks per pool). two genetic lineages were identified: europe 1 and europ ...201728920177
molecular detection and phylogenetic analysis of ehrlichia canis in a philippine dog.canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (cme), caused by a rickettsial bacterium, ehrlichia canis, is distributed worldwide, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions. transmission of e. canis is primarily mediated by the vector tick, rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato and the bacteria then infect and replicate in monocytes and macrophages. many cases are seen in veterinary hospitals and treated routinely; however, the genetic variation of e. canis strains found in the philippines has been poorly ...201728943246
water immersion of dogs close to the time of topical fluralaner treatment does not reduce efficacy against a subsequent experimental challenge with rhipicephalus sanguineus (sensu lato).fluralaner is a novel systemic ectoparasiticide for dogs and cats providing immediate and persistent flea- and tick-control after a single topical dose. prescribing directions recommend waiting 72 h following topical administration before immersing dogs in water. the objective of this study was to determine whether water immersion immediately prior to treatment or earlier than 72 h post-treatment reduced subsequent treatment efficacy.201728946900
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