Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| plasmodium protease rom1 is important for proper formation of the parasitophorous vacuole. | apicomplexans are obligate intracellular parasites that invade host cells by an active process leading to the formation of a non-fusogenic parasitophorous vacuole (pv) where the parasite replicates within the host cell. the rhomboid family of proteases cleaves substrates within their transmembrane domains and has been implicated in the invasion process. although its exact function is unknown, plasmodium rom1 is hypothesized to play a role during invasion based on its microneme localization and i ... | 2011 | 21909259 |
| hostile takeover by plasmodium: reorganization of parasite and host cell membranes during liver stage egress. | the protozoan parasite plasmodium is transmitted by female anopheles mosquitoes and undergoes obligatory development within a parasitophorous vacuole in hepatocytes before it is released into the bloodstream. the transition to the blood stage was previously shown to involve the packaging of exoerythrocytic merozoites into membrane-surrounded vesicles, called merosomes, which are delivered directly into liver sinusoids. however, it was unclear whether the membrane of these merosomes was derived f ... | 2011 | 21909271 |
| Larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against the malarial vector Anopheles stephensi. | To investigate the larvicidal and pupicidal activity of spinosad against Anopheles stephensi Listen. | 2011 | 21914537 |
| Spinosad and neem seed kernel extract as bio-controlling agents for malarial vector, Anopheles stephensi and non-biting midge, Chironomus circumdatus. | Midge egg masses are reported to support non-pathogenic strains of the cholera pathogen, Vibrio cholera (V. cholera). Mosquito born diseases have been reported to cause millions of death worldwide. The present research reveals the toxicity effect of spinosad and neem seed kernel extract (NSKE) against different larval stages of Anopheles stephensi (An. stephensi) and Chironomus circumdatus (Ch. circumdatus). | 2011 | 21914538 |
| piggybac transposon remobilization and enhancer detection in anopheles mosquitoes. | technical advances in mosquito biology are enabling the development of new approaches to vector control. absent are powerful forward-genetics technologies, such as enhancer and gene traps, that permit determination of gene functions from the phenotypes arising from transposon insertion mutations. we show that the piggybac transposon is highly active in the germline of the human malaria vector anopheles stephensi. up to 6% of the progeny from transgenic a. stephensi containing a single 6-kb piggy ... | 2011 | 21930941 |
| harmonine, a defence compound from the harlequin ladybird, inhibits mycobacterial growth and demonstrates multi-stage antimalarial activity. | the harlequin ladybird beetle harmonia axyridis has been introduced in many countries as a biological control agent, but has become an invasive species threatening the biodiversity of native ladybirds. its invasive success has been attributed to its vigorous resistance against diverse pathogens. this study demonstrates that harmonine ((17r,9z)-1,17-diaminooctadec-9-ene), which is present in h. axyridis haemolymph, displays broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity that includes human pathogens. anti ... | 2011 | 21937493 |
| mosquitocidal and water purification properties of cynodon dactylon, aloe vera, hemidesmus indicus and coleus amboinicus leaf extracts against the mosquito vectors. | ethanolic extracts of cynodon dactylon, aloe vera, hemidesmus indicus and coleus amboinicus were tested for their toxicity effect on the third-instar larvae of anopheles stephensi, culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti. the leaves of c. dactylon, a. vera, h. indicus and c. amboinicus were collected from natural habitats (forests) in western ghats, tamil nadu, india. a total of 250 g of fresh, mature leaves were rinsed with distilled water and dried in shade. the dried leaves were put in soxhl ... | 2012 | 21947308 |
| plasmodium ookinetes coopt mammalian plasminogen to invade the mosquito midgut. | ookinete invasion of the mosquito midgut is an essential step for the development of the malaria parasite in the mosquito. invasion involves recognition between a presumed mosquito midgut receptor and an ookinete ligand. here, we show that enolase lines the ookinete surface. an antienolase antibody inhibits oocyst development of both plasmodium berghei and plasmodium falciparum, suggesting that enolase may act as an invasion ligand. importantly, we demonstrate that surface enolase captures plasm ... | 2011 | 21949403 |
| implication of haematophagous arthropod salivary proteins in host-vector interactions. | the saliva of haematophagous arthropods contains an array of anti-haemostatic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory molecules that contribute to the success of the blood meal. the saliva of haematophagous arthropods is also involved in the transmission and the establishment of pathogens in the host and in allergic responses. this survey provides a comprehensive overview of the pharmacological activity and immunogenic properties of the main salivary proteins characterised in various haematophag ... | 2011 | 21951834 |
| Members of the salivary gland surface protein (SGS) family are major immunogenic components of mosquito saliva. | Mosquitoes transmit Plasmodium and certain arboviruses during blood feeding, when they are injected along with saliva. Mosquito saliva interferes with the host's hemostasis and inflammation response and influences the transmission success of some pathogens. One family of mosquito salivary gland proteins, named SGS, is composed of large bacterial-type proteins that in Aedes aegypti were implicated as receptors for Plasmodium on the basal salivary gland surface. Here, we characterize the biology o ... | 2011 | 21965675 |
| mosquito larvicidal potential of potash alum against malaria vector anopheles stephensi (liston). | mosquito larviciding may prove to be an effective tool for incorporating into integrated vector management strategies for reducing malaria transmission. here, we report the potential of potash alum, a traditionally known salt in indian ayurveda and chinese medicine system, in malaria vector control by evaluating its aqueous suspension as larvicide and growth disruptor of anopheles stephensi, under laboratory conditions. immature stages of the mosquito were tested using who guidelines. 50 and 90% ... | 2010 | 21966124 |
| the effects of age, exposure history and malaria infection on the susceptibility of anopheles mosquitoes to low concentrations of pyrethroid. | chemical insecticides are critical components of malaria control programs. their ability to eliminate huge numbers of mosquitoes allows them to swiftly interrupt disease transmission, but that lethality also imposes immense selection for insecticide resistance. targeting control at the small portion of the mosquito population actually responsible for transmitting malaria parasites to humans would reduce selection for resistance, yet maintain effective malaria control. here, we ask whether simply ... | 2011 | 21966392 |
| larvicidal and repellent activity of medicinal plant extracts from eastern ghats of south india against malaria and filariasis vectors. | to evaluate the larvicidal and repellent activities of ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of acacia concinna (a. concinna), cassia siamea (c. siamea), coriandrum sativum (c. sativum),cuminum cyminum (c. cyminum), lantana camara (l. camara), nelumbo nucifera (n. nucifera) phyllanthus amarus (p. amarus), piper nigrum (p. nigrum) and trachyspermum ammi (t. ammi) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi) and culex quinquefasciatus (cx. quinquefasciatus). | 2011 | 21967692 |
| critical role of the neutrophil-associated high-affinity receptor for ige in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria. | the role of the ige-fcεri complex in malaria severity in plasmodium falciparum-hosting patients is unknown. we demonstrate that mice genetically deficient for the high-affinity receptor for ige (fcεriα-ko) or for ige (ige-ko) are less susceptible to experimental cerebral malaria (ecm) after infection with plasmodium berghei (pbanka). mast cells and basophils, which are the classical ige-expressing effector cells, are not involved in disease as mast cell-deficient and basophil-depleted mice devel ... | 2011 | 21967768 |
| anopheline anti-platelet protein from a malaria vector mosquito has anti-thrombotic effects in vivo without compromising hemostasis. | the saliva of blood-feeding animals (e.g., mosquitoes, ticks, bats) has pharmacological activities that facilitate efficient blood-sucking. we previously identified a unique anti-platelet protein, anopheline anti-platelet protein (aapp), from the salivary gland of female anopheles stephensi (human malaria vector mosquito). aapp specifically blocks platelet adhesion to collagen by binding directly to collagen and subsequently aggregating platelets. to examine the potential of aapp as a therapeuti ... | 2011 | 21986215 |
| evidence for a useful life of more than three years for a polyester-based long-lasting insecticidal mosquito net in western uganda. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) are now standard for the prevention of malaria. however, only products with recommendation for public use from the world health organization should be used and this evaluation includes the assessment of net effectiveness after three years of field use. results for one of the polyester-based products, interceptor is presented. | 2011 | 21992483 |
| larvicidal activity of isolated compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one from marine streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. against rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus, anopheles stephensi, and culex tritaeniorhynchus. | the aim of the present study was to assess the larvicidal property of marine actinobacterial compound 5-(2,4-dimethylbenzyl) pyrrolidin-2-one (dmbpo) extracted and isolated from streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. tested against the larvae of rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus canestrini (acari: ixodidae), anopheles stephensi liston, and culex tritaeniorhynchus giles (diptera: culicidae). the isolate bacteria was taxonomically characterized, identified, and designated as streptomyces vitsvk5 sp. the crude ... | 2011 | 22009268 |
| A scalable pipeline for highly effective genetic modification of a malaria parasite. | In malaria parasites, the systematic experimental validation of drug and vaccine targets by reverse genetics is constrained by the inefficiency of homologous recombination and by the difficulty of manipulating adenine and thymine (A+T)-rich DNA of most Plasmodium species in Escherichia coli. We overcame these roadblocks by creating a high-integrity library of Plasmodium berghei genomic DNA (>77% A+T content) in a bacteriophage N15-based vector that can be modified efficiently using the lambda Re ... | 2011 | 22020067 |
| a new powerful method for site-specific transgene stabilization based on chromosomal double-strand break repair. | transgenic insects are a promising tool in sterile insect techniques and population replacement strategies. such transgenic insects can be created using nonautonomous transposons, which cannot be transferred without a transposase source. in biocontrol procedures where large numbers of insects are released, there is increased risk of transgene remobilization caused by external transposase sources that can alter the characteristics of the transgenic organisms lead horizontal transgene transfer to ... | 2011 | 22022613 |
| green synthesis of silver nanoparticles for the control of mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis, and dengue. | a biological method was used to synthesize stable silver nanoparticles that were tested as mosquito larvicides against aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus. annona squamosa leaf broth (5%) reduced aqueous 1 mm agno₃ to stable silver nanoparticles with an average size of 450 nm. the structure and percentage of synthesized nanoparticles was characterized by using ultraviolet spectrophotometry, x-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electr ... | 2012 | 22022807 |
| Mitochondrial NAD+-dependent malic enzyme from Anopheles stephensi: a possible novel target for malaria mosquito control. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22029897 |
| Toxicological properties of several medicinal plants from the Himalayas (India) against vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. | The leaves of five plants namely Nyctanthes arbortistis (Oleaceae), Catharanthus roseus (Apocynaceae), Boenininghusenia albiflora (Rutaceae), Valeriana hardwickii (Valerianaceae) and Eupatorium odoratum (Asteraceae) were selected for the first time from the Garhwal region of north west Himalaya to investigation its toxicological properties against mosquito vectors of malaria, filariasis and dengue. In a laboratory study, using different polarity solvents (petroleum ether, chloroform an ... | 2011 | 22041755 |
| variations of insecticide residual bio-efficacy on different types of walls: results from a community-based trial in south cameroon. | determination of residual activity of insecticides is essential information for the selection of appropriate indoor spraying operation. the present study was undertaken to evaluate the residual effect of three candidate insecticide formulations on different indoor surfaces in order to guide future interventions, in the context of cameroon and other african countries. | 2011 | 22047173 |
| insecticidal potency of bacterial species bacillus thuringiensis sv2 and serratia nematodiphila sv6 against larvae of mosquito species aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus. | the tremendous worldwide efforts to isolate novel mosquito larvicidal bacteria with improved efficacy present significant promise to control vector-borne diseases of public health importance. in the present study, two native bacterial isolates, bacillus thuringiensis (bt sv2) and serratia species (sv6) were evaluated for mosquito larvicidal potential against the early fourth instar larvae of aedes aegypti, anopheles stephensi, and culex quinquefasciatus with reference to b. thuringiensis subsp. ... | 2011 | 22065062 |
| the jak-stat pathway controls plasmodium vivax load in early stages of anopheles aquasalis infection. | malaria affects 300 million people worldwide every year and 450,000 in brazil. in coastal areas of brazil, the main malaria vector is anopheles aquasalis, and plasmodium vivax is responsible for the majority of malaria cases in the americas. insects possess a powerful immune system to combat infections. three pathways control the insect immune response: toll, imd, and jak-stat. here we analyze the immune role of the a. aquasalis jak-stat pathway after p. vivax infection. three genes, the transcr ... | 2011 | 22069502 |
| identification of bacterial microflora in the midgut of the larvae and adult of wild caught anopheles stephensi: a step toward finding suitable paratransgenesis candidates. | to describe the midgut microbial diversity and to find the candidate bacteria for the genetic manipulation for the generation of paratransgenic anopheline mosquitoes refractory to transmission of malaria, the microbiota of wild larvae and adult anopheles stephensi mosquito midgut from southern iran was studied using a conventional cell-free culture technique and analysis of a 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) gene sequence library. forty species in 12 genera including seven gram-negative myroides, chryse ... | 2012 | 22074685 |
| larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using plumeria rubra plant latex against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi. | in the present study activity of silver nanoparticles (agnps) synthesized using plumeria rubra plant latex against second and fourth larval instar of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi was determined. range of concentrations of synthesized agnps (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, 0.3125 ppm) and aqueous crude latex (1,000, 500, 250, 125, 62.50, 31.25 ppm) were tested against larvae of a. aegypti and a. stephensi. the synthesized agnps from p. rubra latex were highly toxic than crude latex extract in b ... | 2012 | 22089086 |
| Enhanced production of mosquitocidal cyclic lipopeptide from Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis. | A cyclic lipopeptide, surfactin produced by a strain of Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis (VCRC B471) was found to exhibit activity against both the larval and pupal stages of mosquitoes. The present study was aimed at increasing the production of the mosquitocidal metabolite by modifying the conventional medium. | 2011 | 22089610 |
| imaging of plasmodium liver stages to drive next-generation antimalarial drug discovery. | most malaria drug development focuses on parasite stages detected in red blood cells, even though, to achieve eradication, next-generation drugs active against both erythrocytic and exo-erythrocytic forms would be preferable. we applied a multifactorial approach to a set of >4000 commercially available compounds with previously demonstrated blood-stage activity (median inhibitory concentration < 1 micromolar) and identified chemical scaffolds with potent activity against both forms. from this sc ... | 2011 | 22096101 |
| the contribution of plasmodium chabaudi to our understanding of malaria. | malaria kills close to a million people every year, mostly children under the age of five. in the drive towards the development of an effective vaccine and new chemotherapeutic targets for malaria, field-based studies on human malaria infection and laboratory-based studies using animal models of malaria offer complementary opportunities to further our understanding of the mechanisms behind malaria infection and pathology. we outline here the parallels between the plasmodium chabaudi mouse model ... | 2011 | 22100995 |
| The mitogen-activated protein kinome from Anopheles gambiae: identification, phylogeny and functional characterization of the ERK, JNK and p38 MAP kinases. | ABSTRACT: | 2011 | 22111877 |
| mosquito adulticidal and repellent activities of botanical extracts against malarial vector, anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae). | to determine the adulticidal and repellent activities of different solvent leaf extracts of eclipta alba (e. alba) and andrographis paniculata (a. paniculata) against malarial vector, anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2011 | 22118028 |
| effect of leaf essential oil of coccinia indica on egg hatchability and different larval instars of malarial mosquito anopheles stephensi. | to assess the larvicidal and egg hatching inhibition property of the leaf essential oil of coccinia indica (c. indica) against anopheles stephensi (an. stephensi). | 2011 | 22118029 |
| Progress with schistosome transgenesis. | Genome sequences for Schistosoma japonicum and Schistosoma mansoni are now available. The schistosome genome encodes ~13,000 protein encoding genes for which the function of only a minority is understood. There is a valuable role for transgenesis in functional genomic investigations of these new schistosome gene sequences. In gain-of-function approaches, transgenesis can lead to integration of transgenes into the schistosome genome which can facilitate insertional mutagenesis screens. By contras ... | 2011 | 22124549 |
| Emerging functions of transcription factors in malaria parasite. | Transcription is a process by which the genetic information stored in DNA is converted into mRNA by enzymes known as RNA polymerase. Bacteria use only one RNA polymerase to transcribe all of its genes while eukaryotes contain three RNA polymerases to transcribe the variety of eukaryotic genes. RNA polymerase also requires other factors/proteins to produce the transcript. These factors generally termed as transcription factors (TFs) are either associated directly with RNA polymerase or add in bui ... | 2011 | 22131806 |
| Chemical composition and larvicidal activity of essential oil from Mentha spicata (Linn.) against three mosquito species. | Mosquitoes are blood-feeding insects and serve as the most important vectors for spreading human diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue fever, and filariasis. The continued use of synthetic insecticides has resulted in resistance in mosquitoes. Synthetic insecticides are toxic and affect the environment by contaminating soil, water, and air, and then natural products may be an alternative to synthetic insecticides because they are effective, biodegradable, eco-friendly, and safe to envir ... | 2011 | 22139403 |
| Critical Role for Heat Shock Protein 20 (HSP20) in Migration of Malarial Sporozoites. | Plasmodium sporozoites, single cell eukaryotic pathogens, employ their own actin/myosin-based motor machinery for life cycle progression, which includes forward locomotion, penetration of cellular barriers, and invasion of target cells. To display fast gliding motility the parasite employs a high turnover of actin polymerization and adhesion sites. Paradoxically, only few classic actin regulatory proteins appear to be encoded in the Plasmodium genome. Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) have been ... | 2011 | 22139844 |
| longevity and composition of cellular immune responses following experimental plasmodium falciparum malaria infection in humans. | cellular responses to plasmodium falciparum parasites, in particular interferon-gamma (ifnγ) production, play an important role in anti-malarial immunity. however, clinical immunity to malaria develops slowly amongst naturally exposed populations, the dynamics of cellular responses in relation to exposure are difficult to study and data about the persistence of such responses are controversial. here we assess the longevity and composition of cellular immune responses following experimental malar ... | 2011 | 22144890 |
| insect transgenesis: current applications and future prospects. | the ability to manipulate the genomes of many insects has become a practical reality over the past 15 years. this has been led by the identification of several useful transposon vector systems that have allowed the identification and development of generalized, species-specific, and tissue-specific promoter systems for controlled expression of gene products upon introduction into insect genomes. armed with these capabilities, researchers have made significant strides in both fundamental and appl ... | 2012 | 22149266 |
| evaluation of immunity against malaria using luciferase-expressing plasmodium berghei parasites. | abstract: background: measurement of liver stage development is of key interest in malaria biology and vaccine studies. parasite development in liver cells can be visualized in real-time, both in culture and in live mice, using a transgenic plasmodium berghei parasite, pbgfp-luccon, expressing the bioluminescent reporter luciferase. this study explores the benefit of using these parasites for the evaluation of immunity against malaria, compared to qrt-pcr techniques in vivo and in vitro. metho ... | 2011 | 22152047 |
| novel potent metallocenes against liver stage malaria. | novel conjugates of the antimalarial drug primaquine (compound 1) with ferrocene, named primacenes, have been synthesized and screened for their activities against blood stage and liver stage malaria in vitro and host-vector transmission in vivo. both transmission-blocking and blood-schizontocidal activities of the parent drug were conserved only in primacenes bearing a basic aliphatic amine group. liver stage activity did not require this structural feature, and all metallocenes tested were com ... | 2011 | 22155838 |
| nutritional and hormonal regulation of the tor effector 4e-binding protein (4e-bp) in the mosquito aedes aegypti. | mosquitoes require blood for egg development, and, as a consequence, they transmit pathogens of devastating diseases. target of rapamycin (tor) signaling is a key pathway linking blood feeding and egg development in the mosquito aedes aegypti. we show that the regulation of the tor effector translational repressor 4e-bp is finely tuned to the nutritional requirements of the female mosquito, and it occurs at transcriptional and post-translational levels. immediately after blood feeding, 4e-bp bec ... | 2011 | 22159149 |
| Identification of the Midgut Microbiota of An. stephensi and An. maculipennis for Their Application as a Paratransgenic Tool against Malaria. | The midgut microbiota associated with Anopheles stephensi and Anopheles maculipennis (Diptera: Culicidae) was investigated for development of a paratransgenesis-based approach to control malaria transmission in Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR). Here, we present the results of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and biochemical-based approaches to identify the female adult and larvae mosquitoe microbiota of these two major malaria vectors, originated from South Eastern and North of Iran. Plating ... | 2011 | 22163022 |
| Adult mortality and blood feeding behavioral effects of a-amyrin acetate, a novel bioactive compound on in vivo exposed females of Anopheles stephensi Liston (Diptera: Culicidae). | The effect of a-amyrin acetate on mortality and blood feeding behavior in females of Anopheles stephensi was assessed by in vivo exposure on treated guinea pig skin. In vivo exposure to a-amyrin acetate caused mosquito knock down in the form of rapidly and normally reversible paralysis and the subsequent record at the end of a 24 h, revealed mortality rates of females increased from 0.0% (Control) to 76.9% at 1.6% a-amyrin acetate, the highest concentration which implies the contact toxicity of ... | 2011 | 22167372 |
| antibodies against pfemp1, rifin, msp3 and glurp are acquired during controlled plasmodium falciparum malaria infections in naïve volunteers. | antibodies to polymorphic antigens expressed during the parasites erythrocytic stages are important mediators of protective immunity against p. falciparum malaria. therefore, polymorphic blood stage antigens like msp3, eba-175 and glurp and variant surface antigens pfemp1 and rifin are considered vaccine candidates. however, to what extent these antibodies to blood stage antigens are acquired during naive individuals' first infections has not been studied in depth. using plasma samples collected ... | 2011 | 22174947 |
| use of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique for bacteria detection in aedes aegypti (diptera:culicidae) (l.). | bacteria associated with insects can have a substantial impact on the biology and life cycle of their host. the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique is a semi-quantitative technique that has been previously employed in odontology to detect and quantify a variety of bacterial species in dental samples. here we tested the applicability of the checkerboard dna-dna hybridization technique to detect the presence of aedes aegypti-associated bacterial species in larvae, pupae and adults of a. a ... | 2011 | 22185193 |
| maternal environment shapes the life history and susceptibility to malaria of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | abstract: background: it is becoming generally recognized that an individual's phenotype can be shaped not only by its own genotype and environmental experience, but also by its mother's environment and condition. maternal environmental factors can influence mosquitoes' population dynamics and susceptibility to malaria, and therefore directly and indirectly the epidemiology of malaria. methods: in a full factorial experiment, the effects of two environmental stressors - food availability and i ... | 2011 | 22188602 |
| warmer temperatures reduce the vectorial capacity of malaria mosquitoes. | the development rate of parasites and pathogens within vectors typically increases with temperature. accordingly, transmission intensity is generally assumed to be higher under warmer conditions. however, development is only one component of parasite/pathogen life history and there has been little research exploring the temperature sensitivity of other traits that contribute to transmission intensity. here, using a rodent malaria, we show that vector competence (the maximum proportion of infecti ... | 2011 | 22188673 |
| A carbamate-based approach to primaquine prodrugs: Antimalarial activity, chemical stability and enzymatic activation. | O-Alkyl and O-aryl carbamate derivatives of the antimalarial drug primaquine were synthesised as potential prodrugs that prevent oxidative deamination to the inactive metabolite carboxyprimaquine. Both O-alkyl and O-aryl carbamates undergo hydrolysis in alkaline and pH 7.4 phosphate buffers to the parent drug, with O-aryl carbamates being ca. 10(6)-10(10) more reactive than their O-alkyl counterparts. In human plasma O-alkyl carbamates were stable, whereas in contrast their O-aryl counterparts r ... | 2011 | 22189276 |
| biolarvicidal and pupicidal activity of acalypha alnifolia klein ex willd. (family: euphorbiaceae) leaf extract and microbial insecticide, metarhizium anisopliae (metsch.) against malaria fever mosquito, anopheles stephensi liston. (diptera: culicidae). | the present study was to establish of acalypha alnifolia leaf extract and microbial insecticide, metarizhium anisopliae on larvicidal and pupicidal properties of against the malaria fever mosquito, anopheles stephensi. the leaf extract showed larvicidal and pupicidal effects after 24 h of exposure; however, the highest larval and pupal mortality was found in the leaf extract of ethanol a. alnifolia against the 1st to 4th instar larvae and pupae of values lc(50) value of 1st instar was 5.388%, 2n ... | 2011 | 22200954 |
| Comparative genomics of the anopheline glutathione s-transferase epsilon cluster. | Enzymes of the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family play critical roles in detoxification of xenobiotics across many taxa. While GSTs are ubiquitous both in animals and plants, the GST epsilon class (GSTE) is insect-specific and has been associated with resistance to chemical insecticides. While both Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae GSTE clusters consist of eight members, only four putative orthologs are identifiable between the species, suggesting independent expansions of the class in eac ... | 2011 | 22206003 |
| novel, meso-substituted cationic porphyrin molecule for photo-mediated larval control of the dengue vector aedes aegypti. | control of the mosquito vector population is the most effective strategy currently available for the prevention of dengue fever and the containment of outbreaks. photo-activated oxidants may represent promising tools for developing effective, safe and ecofriendly novel larvicides. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential of the synthetic meso-substituted porphyrin meso-tri(n-methylpyridyl), meso-mono(n-tetradecylpyridyl)porphine (c14) as a photoactivatable larvicide against the de ... | 2011 | 22206031 |
| Ecological Genomics of Anopheles gambiae Along a Latitudinal Cline in Cameroon: A Population Resequencing Approach. | The association between fitness-related phenotypic traits and an environmental gradient offers one of the best opportunities to study the interplay between natural selection and migration. In cases where specific genetic variants also show such clinal patterns, it may be possible to uncover the mutations responsible for local adaptation. The malaria vector, Anopheles gambiae, is associated with a latitudinal cline in aridity in Cameroon; a large inversion on chromosome 2L of this mosquito shows ... | 2011 | 22209907 |
| engineered anopheles immunity to plasmodium infection. | a causative agent of human malaria, plasmodium falciparum, is transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes. the malaria parasite is under intensive attack from the mosquito's innate immune system during its sporogonic development. we have used genetic engineering to create immune-enhanced anopheles stephensi mosquitoes through blood meal-inducible expression of a transgene encoding the imd pathway-controlled nf-kb rel2 transcription factor in the midgut and fat-body tissue. transgenic mosquitoes showed g ... | 2011 | 22216006 |
| sexual transmission of a plant pathogenic bacterium, candidatus liberibacter asiaticus, between conspecific insect vectors during mating. | candidatus liberibacter asiaticus is a fastidious, phloem-inhabiting, gram-negative bacterium transmitted by asian citrus psyllid, diaphorina citri kuwayama (hemiptera: psyllidae). the bacterium is the presumed causal agent of huanglongbing (hlb), one of the most destructive and economically important diseases of citrus. we investigated whether las is transmitted between infected and uninfected d. citri adults during courtship. our results indicate that las was sexually transmitted from las-infe ... | 2011 | 22216209 |
| a novel 'gene insertion/marker out' (gimo) method for transgene expression and gene complementation in rodent malaria parasites. | research on the biology of malaria parasites has greatly benefited from the application of reverse genetic technologies, in particular through the analysis of gene deletion mutants and studies on transgenic parasites that express heterologous or mutated proteins. however, transfection in plasmodium is limited by the paucity of drug-selectable markers that hampers subsequent genetic modification of the same mutant. we report the development of a novel 'gene insertion/marker out' (gimo) method for ... | 2011 | 22216235 |
| a viral vectored prime-boost immunization regime targeting the malaria pfs25 antigen induces transmission-blocking activity. | the ookinete surface protein pfs25 is a macrogamete-to-ookinete/ookinete stage antigen of plasmodium falciparum, capable of exerting high-level anti-malarial transmission-blocking activity following immunization with recombinant protein-in-adjuvant formulations. here, this antigen was expressed in recombinant chimpanzee adenovirus 63 (chad63), human adenovirus serotype 5 (adhu5) and modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) viral vectored vaccines. two immunizations were administered to mice in a het ... | 2011 | 22216279 |
| larvicidal and ovicidal properties of leaf and seed extracts of delonix elata (l.) gamble (family: fabaceae) against malaria (anopheles stephensi liston) and dengue (aedes aegypti linn.) (diptera: culicidae) vector mosquitoes. | mosquito-borne diseases with an economic impact create loss in commercial and labor outputs, particularly in countries with tropical and subtropical climates. mosquito control is facing a threat because of the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. extracts from plants may be alternative sources of mosquito control agents because they constitute a rich source of bioactive compounds that are biodegradable into nontoxic products and potentially suitable for use to control mosquitoes. i ... | 2012 | 22231265 |
| larvicidal efficacy of the citrus limetta peel extracts against indian strains of anopheles stephensi liston and aedes aegypti l. | the extracts from the peels of citrus limetta were prepared using hexane and petroleum ether as the solvents. the larvicidal potential of each extract was assessed against dengue fever vector, aedes aegypti, and malarial vector, anopheles stephensi, by evaluating the toxicity effects on early fourth instars. both the extracts were found effective against both the species. the bioassay with hexane extracts resulted in lc(50) values of 132.45 and 96.15 ppm against a. stephensi and a. aegypti, resp ... | 2012 | 22231268 |
| mathematical modelling and evaluation of the different routes of transmission of lumpy skin disease virus. | abstract: lumpy skin disease (lsd) is a severe viral disease of cattle. circumstantial evidence suggests that the virus is transmitted mechanically by blood-feeding arthropods. we compared the importance of transmission via direct and indirect contact in field conditions by using mathematical tools. we analyzed a dataset collected during the lsd outbreak in 2006 in a large dairy herd, which included ten separated cattle groups. outbreak dynamics and risk factors for lsd were assessed by a transm ... | 2012 | 22236452 |
| highly dynamic host actin reorganization around developing plasmodium inside hepatocytes. | plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by anopheles mosquitoes and infect hepatocytes, where a single sporozoite replicates into thousands of merozoites inside a parasitophorous vacuole. the nature of the plasmodium-host cell interface, as well as the interactions occurring between these two organisms, remains largely unknown. here we show that highly dynamic hepatocyte actin reorganization events occur around developing plasmodium berghei parasites inside human hepatoma cells. actin reorganizat ... | 2012 | 22238609 |
| malaria in south asia: prevalence and control. | the "malaria evolution in south asia" (mesa) program project is an international center of excellence for malaria research (icemr) sponsored by the us national institutes of health. this us-india collaborative program will study the origin of genetic diversity of malaria parasites and their selection on the indian subcontinent. this knowledge should contribute to a better understanding of unexpected disease outbreaks and unpredictable disease presentations from plasmodium falciparum and plasmodi ... | 2012 | 22248528 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activities of t-2307, a novel arylamidine. | t-2307, a novel arylamidine, has been shown to exhibit broad-spectrum antifungal activities against clinically significant pathogens. here, we evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity of t-2307. the 50% inhibitory concentrations (ic₅₀s) of t-2307 against plasmodium falciparum fcr-3 and k-1 strains were 0.47 and 0.17 μm, respectively. t-2307 at 2.5 to 10 mg/kg of body weight/day exhibited activity against blood stage and liver stage parasites in rodent malaria models. in conclusio ... | 2012 | 22252809 |
| plasmodium yoelii macrophage migration inhibitory factor is necessary for efficient liver-stage development. | mammalian macrophage migration inhibitory factor (mif) is a multifaceted cytokine involved in both extracellular and intracellular functions. malaria parasites express a mif homologue that might modulate host immune responses against blood-stage parasites, but the potential importance of mif against other life cycle stages remains unstudied. in this study, we characterized the mif homologue of plasmodium yoelii throughout the life cycle, with emphasis on preerythrocytic stages. p. yoelii mif (py ... | 2012 | 22252874 |
| a hybrid multistage protein vaccine induces protective immunity against murine malaria. | we have previously reported the design and expression of chimeric recombinant proteins as an effective platform to deliver malaria vaccines. the erythrocytic and exoerythrocytic protein chimeras described included autologous t helper epitopes genetically linked to defined b cell epitopes. proof-of-principle studies using vaccine constructs based on the plasmodium yoelii circumsporozoite protein (csp) and p. yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (msp-1) showed encouraging results when tested individ ... | 2012 | 22252877 |
| ecology of anopheles stephensi in a malarious area, southeast of iran. | district of jiroft is situated in south-east of iran which is one of the malarious regions. anopheles stephensi is considered as one of the main malaria vector in this region. ecology of this species was studied in the area to understand its vector behavior for implementation of effective vector control measures. different methods like total catch, pit shelter, night bite collection on human and animal, larval dipping methods were used for species identification, seasonal activity, anthropophili ... | 2012 | 22267381 |
| optimization of medium composition for the production of mosquitocidal toxins from bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. | optimization of chicken feather (cf) based culture medium for the production of bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis (bti) biomass in combination with the agro industrial by-product (coconut cake, cc) and manganese chloride (mncl2) has been evaluated. the biomass yield of bti spore/crystal toxin was highest (12.06 g/l) from the test medium (cf+cc+mncl2) compared to the reference medium (luria bertani, lb). toxicity assay with bti produced from the test medium against mosquito vectors (culex ... | 2012 | 22279944 |
| effects of the antimalarial drugs ferroquine and artesunate on plasmodium yoelii yoelii gametocytegenesis and vectorial transmission. | chemistry still has a role in the management of malaria, alongside the mosquito netting soaked in insecticide that is used increasingly, as we continue to await the long anticipated vaccine. during its cycle, the hematozoon parasite develops through three major periods. the first, malarial infection, corresponds to the intrahepatic development of infective forms from the mosquito vector; this period is not sensitive to treatment and is often asymptomatic. the period of erythrocytic schizogony is ... | 2011 | 22294247 |
| geographical distribution and evaluation of mosquito larvivorous potential of aphanius dispar (rüppell), a native fish of gujarat, india. | certain indigenous fish can play potential role in vector control. the study recorded distribution of aphanius dispar (rüppell) in its native habitats in gujarat, india and evaluated its larval propensity for indian mosquito vectors. | 2011 | 22297287 |
| larvicidal activity of marine algae, sargassum swartzii and chondria dasyphylla, against malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | the objective of this study was to evaluate larvicidal activity of native marine algae against main malaria vector anopheles stephensi. | 2011 | 22297288 |
| coffee husk waste for fermentation production of mosquitocidal bacteria. | coffee husk waste (chw) discarded as bio-organic waste, from coffee industries, is rich in carbohydrates. the current study emphasizes the management of solid waste from agro-industrial residues for the production of biopesticides (bacillus sphaericus, and b. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis), to control disease transmitting mosquito vectors. an experimental culture medium was prepared by extracting the filtrates from coffee husk. a conventional culture medium (nysm) also was prepared. the studi ... | 2011 | 22299340 |
| antimalarial plant remedies from burkina faso: their potential for prophylactic use. | saye, a combination remedy prepared from cochlospermum planchonii hook.f. (cochlospermaceae), cassia alata l. (fabaceae) and phyllanthus amarus schumach. et thonn. (euphorbiaceae), n'dribala, a cochlospermum planchonii root decoction, and a fruit preparation of azadirachta indica a. juss. (meliaceae) are plant remedies of the folk medicine in burkina faso and are commonly used by traditional healers for the treatment of malaria. | 2012 | 22301449 |
| antibodies to plasmodium circumsporozoite protein (csp) inhibit sporozoite's cell traversal activity. | plasmodium sporozoites are deposited in the skin of the mammalian host by anopheles mosquitoes. to continue the life cycle, the sporozoites have to invade the host's hepatocytes, where they transform into exoerythrocytic forms (eefs) inside a parasitophorous vacuole. during their route from the skin to the liver, the parasites traverse the capillary epithelium in the dermis to enter the blood circulation, and cross the endothelium of liver sinusoids to enter the parenchyma. cell traversal by spo ... | 2012 | 22306356 |
| expression, immunogenicity, histopathology, and potency of a mosquito-based malaria transmission-blocking recombinant vaccine. | vaccines have been at the forefront of global research efforts to combat malaria, yet despite several vaccine candidates, this goal has yet to be realized. a potentially effective approach to disrupting the spread of malaria is the use of transmission-blocking vaccines (tbv), which prevent the development of malarial parasites within their mosquito vector, thereby abrogating the cascade of secondary infections in humans. since malaria is transmitted to human hosts by the bite of an obligate inse ... | 2012 | 22311924 |
| wash resistance and efficacy of olyset net and permanet 2.0 against anopheles stephensi in india. | long-lasting insecticidal nets (llin) have been developed for wash resistance and long-lasting effects against mosquito vectors. in this study we evaluated 2 llin products, olyset net and permanet 2.0, washed for 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 times, against anopheles stephensi, an urban malaria vector in india. we assessed the wash resistance and efficacy of these nets in relation to bloodfeeding inhibition and percent mortality in cone and tunnel test bioassays. both olyset and permanet showed >80% mort ... | 2011 | 22329276 |
| the exported plasmodium berghei protein ibis1 delineates membranous structures in infected red blood cells. | the importance of pathogen-induced host cell remodelling has been well established for red blood cell infection by the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. exported parasite-encoded proteins, which often possess a signature motif, termed plasmodium export element (pexel) or host-targeting (ht) signal, are critical for the extensive red blood cell modifications. to what extent remodelling of erythrocyte membranes also occurs in non-primate hosts and whether it is in fact a hallmark of al ... | 2012 | 22329949 |
| genetic study of propoxur resistance-a carbamate insecticide in the malaria mosquito, anopheles stephensi liston. | anopheles stephensi liston (diptera: culicidae) is the urban vector of malaria in the indian subcontinent and several countries of the middle east. the genetics of propoxur resistance (pr) in an. stephensi larvae was studied to determine its mode of inheritance. a diagnostic dose of 0.01 mg/l as recommended by who was used to establish homozygous resistant and susceptible strains. reciprocal crosses between the resistant and susceptible strains showed an f(1) generation of incomplete dominance. ... | 2011 | 22332021 |
| the vector population monitoring tool (vpmt): high-throughput dna-based diagnostics for the monitoring of mosquito vector populations. | regular monitoring of mosquito vector populations is an integral component of most vector control programmes. contemporary data on mosquito species composition, infection status, and resistance to insecticides are a prerequisite for effective intervention. for this purpose we, with funding from the innovative vector control consortium (ivcc), have developed a suite of high-throughput assays based on a single "closed-tube" platform that collectively comprise the "vector population monitoring tool ... | 2010 | 22347668 |
| development of the bi-partite gal4-uas system in the african malaria mosquito, anopheles gambiae. | functional genetic analysis in anopheles gambiae would be greatly improved by the development of a binary expression system, which would allow the more rapid and flexible characterisation of genes influencing disease transmission, including those involved in insecticide resistance, parasite interaction, host and mate seeking behaviour. the gal4-uas system, widely used in drosophila melanogaster functional genetics, has been significantly modified to achieve robust application in several differen ... | 2012 | 22348104 |
| mixed vector immunization with recombinant adenovirus and mva can improve vaccine efficacy while decreasing antivector immunity. | substantial protection can be provided against the pre-erythrocytic stages of malaria by vaccination first with an adenoviral and then with an modified vaccinia virus ankara (mva) poxviral vector encoding the same me.trap transgene. we investigated whether the two vaccine components adenovirus (ad) and mva could be coinjected as a mixture to enhance protection against malaria. a single-shot mixture at specific ratios of ad and mva (ad+mva) enhanced cd8(+) t cell-dependant protection of mice agai ... | 2012 | 22354374 |
| pk4, a eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(eif2α) kinase, is essential for the development of the erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium. | in response to environmental stresses, the mammalian serine threonine kinases perk, gcn2, hri, and pkr phosphorylate the regulatory serine 51 of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eif2α) to inhibit global protein synthesis. plasmodium, the protozoan that causes malaria, expresses three eif2α kinases: ik1, ik2, and pk4. like gcn2, ik1 regulates stress response to amino acid starvation. ik2 inhibits development of malaria sporozoites present in the mosquito salivary glands. here we s ... | 2012 | 22355110 |
| existence of the rdl mutant alleles among the anopheles malaria vector in indonesia. | the gamma-aminobutyric acid (gaba) receptor-chloride channel complex is known to be the target site of dieldrin, a cyclodiene insecticide. gaba-receptors, with a naturally occurring amino acid substitution, a302s/g in the putative ion-channel lining region, confer resistance to cyclodiene insecticides that includes aldrin, chlordane, dieldrin, heptachlor, endrin and endosulphan. | 2012 | 22364613 |
| ookinete destruction within the mosquito midgut lumen explains anopheles albimanus refractoriness to plasmodium falciparum (3d7a) oocyst infection. | previous studies have shown that the central american mosquito vector, anopheles albimanus, is generally refractory to oocyst infection with allopatric isolates of the human malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum. however, the reasons for the refractoriness of a. albimanus to infection with such isolates of p. falciparum are unknown. in the current study, we investigated the infectivity of the p. falciparum clone 3d7a to laboratory-reared a. albimanus and another natural vector of human malaria, ... | 2012 | 22366731 |
| larvicidal activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized using pergularia daemia plant latex against aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi and nontarget fish poecillia reticulata. | in present study, the bioactivity of latex-producing plant pergularia daemia as well as synthesized silver nanoparticles (agnps) against the larval instars of aedes aegypti and anopheles stephensi mosquito larvae was determined. the range of concentrations of plant latex (1,000, 500, 250, 125, 62.25, and 31.25 ppm) and agnps (10, 5, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125 ppm) were prepared. the lc(50) and lc(90) values for first, second, third, and fourth instars of synthesized agnps-treated first, second ... | 2012 | 22371271 |
| delayed larval development in anopheles mosquitoes deprived of asaia bacterial symbionts. | in recent years, acetic acid bacteria have been shown to be frequently associated with insects, but knowledge on their biological role in the arthropod host is limited. the discovery that acetic acid bacteria of the genus asaia are a main component of the microbiota of anopheles stephensi makes this mosquito a useful model for studies on this novel group of symbionts. here we present experimental results that provide a first evidence for a beneficial role of asaia in an. stephensi. | 2012 | 22375964 |
| horizontal transmission of the symbiotic bacterium asaia sp. in the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus ball (hemiptera: cicadellidae). | bacteria of the genus asaia have been recently recognized as secondary symbionts of different sugar-feeding insects, including the leafhopper scaphoideus titanus, vector of flavescence dorée phytoplasmas. asaia has been shown to be localized in s. titanus gut, salivary glands and gonoducts and to be maternally transmitted to the progeny by an egg smearing mechanism. it is currently not known whether asaia in s. titanus is transmitted by additional routes. we performed a study to evaluate if asai ... | 2012 | 22376056 |
| mosquito biting activity on humans & detection of plasmodium falciparum infection in anopheles stephensi in goa, india. | knowledge of the bionomics of mosquitoes, especially of disease vectors, is essential to plan appropriate vector avoidance and control strategies. information on biting activity of vectors during the night hours in different seasons is important for choosing personal protection measures. this study was carried out to find out the composition of mosquito fauna biting on humans and seasonal biting trends in goa, india. | 0 | 22382193 |
| mosquitocidal properties of calotropis gigantea (family: asclepiadaceae) leaf extract and bacterial insecticide, bacillus thuringiensis, against the mosquito vectors. | calotropis gigantea leaf extract and bacillus thuringiensis were tested first to fourth-instar larvae and pupae of anopheles stephensi, aedes aegypti, and culex quinquefasciatus. the medicinal plants were collected from the area around bharathiar university, coimbatore, india. calotropis gigantea leaf was washed with tap water and shade-dried at room temperature. an electrical blender powdered the dried plant materials (leaves). the powder 500 g of the leaf was extracted with 1.5 l of organic so ... | 2012 | 22382205 |
| a putative homologue of cdc20/cdh1 in the malaria parasite is essential for male gamete development. | cell-cycle progression is governed by a series of essential regulatory proteins. two major regulators are cell-division cycle protein 20 (cdc20) and its homologue, cdc20 homologue 1 (cdh1), which activate the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (apc/c) in mitosis, and facilitate degradation of mitotic apc/c substrates. the malaria parasite, plasmodium, is a haploid organism which, during its life-cycle undergoes two stages of mitosis; one associated with asexual multiplication and the other wit ... | 2012 | 22383885 |
| spatial localisation of actin filaments across developmental stages of the malaria parasite. | actin dynamics have been implicated in a variety of developmental processes during the malaria parasite lifecycle. parasite motility, in particular, is thought to critically depend on an actomyosin motor located in the outer pellicle of the parasite cell. efforts to understand the diverse roles actin plays have, however, been hampered by an inability to detect microfilaments under native conditions. to visualise the spatial dynamics of actin we generated a parasite-specific actin antibody that s ... | 2012 | 22389687 |
| the effect of sublethal exposure to temephos and propoxur on reproductive fitness and its influence on circadian rhythms of pupation and adult emergence in anopheles stephensi liston-a malaria vector. | the present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of organophosphate and carbamate insecticides namely, temephos and propoxur respectively, on the life history of anopheles stephensi liston (culicidae) under laboratory conditions. the late third instar larvae of the mosquito were exposed to sublethal concentrations of temephos and propoxur at lc(10), lc(30) and lc(50), respectively, and adult survivors were evaluated for fitness parameters. sublethal effects were also evaluated in subs ... | 2012 | 22392132 |
| roles of the amino terminal region and repeat region of the plasmodium berghei circumsporozoite protein in parasite infectivity. | the circumsporozoite protein (csp) plays a key role in malaria sporozoite infection of both mosquito salivary glands and the vertebrate host. the conserved regions i and ii have been well studied but little is known about the immunogenic central repeat region and the n-terminal region of the protein. rodent malaria plasmodium berghei parasites, in which the endogenous cs gene has been replaced with the avian plasmodium gallinaceum cs (pgcs) sequence, develop normally in the a. stephensi mosquito ... | 2012 | 22393411 |
| drug screen targeted at plasmodium liver stages identifies a potent multistage antimalarial drug. | plasmodium parasites undergo a clinically silent and obligatory developmental phase in the host's liver cells before they are able to infect erythrocytes and cause malaria symptoms. to overcome the scarcity of compounds targeting the liver stage of malaria, we screened a library of 1037 existing drugs for their ability to inhibit plasmodium hepatic development. decoquinate emerged as the strongest inhibitor of plasmodium liver stages, both in vitro and in vivo. furthermore, decoquinate kills the ... | 2012 | 22396598 |
| real-time quantitative reverse transcription pcr for monitoring of blood-stage plasmodium falciparum infections in malaria human challenge trials. | to detect pre-patent parasitemia, we developed a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qrt-pcr) for the asexual 18s ribosomal rna (rrnas) of plasmodium falciparum. total nucleic acids extracted from whole blood were combined with control rna and tested by qrt-pcr. the assay quantified > 98.7% of parasite-containing samples to ±0.5 log(10) parasites/ml of the nominal value without false positives. the analytical sensitivity was ≥ 20 parasites/ml. the coefficient ... | 0 | 22403305 |
| characterization and comparative analysis of small rnas in three small rna libraries of the brown planthopper (nilaparvata lugens). | the brown planthopper (bph), nilaparvata lugens (stå;l), which belongs to homopteran, delphacidae, is one of the most serious and destructive pests of rice. feeding bph with homologous dsrna in vitro can lead to the death of bph, which gives a valuable clue to the prevention and control of this pest, however, we know little about its small rna world. | 2012 | 22412935 |
| igg responses to the gsg6-p1 salivary peptide for evaluating human exposure to anopheles bites in urban areas of dakar region, sénégal. | urban malaria can be a serious public health problem in africa. human-landing catches of mosquitoes, a standard entomological method to assess human exposure to malaria vector bites, can lack sensitivity in areas where exposure is low. a simple and highly sensitive tool could be a complementary indicator for evaluating malaria exposure in such epidemiological contexts. the human antibody response to the specific anopheles gsg6-p1 salivary peptide have been described as an adequate tool biomarker ... | 2012 | 22424570 |
| extrahepatic exoerythrocytic forms of rodent malaria parasites at the site of inoculation: clearance after immunization, susceptibility to primaquine, and contribution to blood-stage infection. | plasmodium sporozoites are inoculated into the skin of the mammalian host as infected mosquitoes probe for blood. a proportion of the inoculum enters the bloodstream and goes to the liver, where the sporozoites invade hepatocytes and develop into the next life cycle stage, the exoerythrocytic, or liver, stage. here, we show that a small fraction of the inoculum remains in the skin and begins to develop into exoerythrocytic forms that can persist for days. skin exoerythrocytic forms were observed ... | 2012 | 22431651 |
| effect of insecticide resistance on development, longevity and reproduction of field or laboratory selected aedes aegypti populations. | aedes aegypti dispersion is the major reason for the increase in dengue transmission in south america. in brazil, control of this mosquito strongly relies on the use of pyrethroids and organophosphates against adults and larvae, respectively. in consequence, many ae. aegypti field populations are resistant to these compounds. resistance has a significant adaptive value in the presence of insecticide treatment. however some selected mechanisms can influence important biological processes, leading ... | 2012 | 22431967 |
| quantitative genome re-sequencing defines multiple mutations conferring chloroquine resistance in rodent malaria. | drug resistance in the malaria parasite plasmodium falciparum severely compromises the treatment and control of malaria. a knowledge of the critical mutations conferring resistance to particular drugs is important in understanding modes of drug action and mechanisms of resistances. they are required to design better therapies and limit drug resistance.a mutation in the gene (pfcrt) encoding a membrane transporter has been identified as a principal determinant of chloroquine resistance in p. falc ... | 2012 | 22435897 |
| characterization of plasmodium liver stage inhibition by halofuginone. | malaria is a devastating parasitic disease that afflicts one-third of the world's population. antimalarial drugs in common use address few targets, and their efficacy is being undermined by parasite resistance. most therapeutics target blood-stage malaria, whereas only few compounds are active against malaria's liver stage, the first stage of the plasmodium parasite's life cycle within the human host. the identification of inhibitors active against liver-stage malaria would benefit the developme ... | 2012 | 22438279 |