Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| replication of dhbv genomes with mutations at the sites of initiation of minus- and plus-strand dna synthesis. | we have examined the consequences on duck hepatitis b virus dna synthesis of deleting the 5' and 3' copies of the 12 base sequence, dr1, from the viral pregenome. with the wild-type virus, reverse transcription initiates at nt 2537 within the 3' copy of dr1. when this sequence was deleted, initiation of reverse transcription was found at two other sites located closer to the 3' end of the pregenome (nt 2576 and nt 2644). the 3-base motif uua was the only sequence common to these sites as well as ... | 1992 | 1566574 |
| evidence for involvement of a ribosomal leaky scanning mechanism in the translation of the hepatitis b virus pol gene from the viral pregenome rna. | in retroviruses, the pol gene is expressed in the form of a gag-pol fusion protein by the mechanism of ribosomal frameshifting. in studies of the possible mechanism of hepadnaviral pol protein synthesis, recent results have ruled out core-pol fusion protein synthesis by ribosomal frameshifting. in this study, an in vitro transcription and translation coupling system was used to demonstrate that the hbv core and pol proteins could be synthesized independently using the pregenome rna template. the ... | 1992 | 1566578 |
| preferential ribosomal scanning is involved in the differential synthesis of the hepatitis b viral surface antigens from subgenomic transcripts. | the envelope of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) is composed of three species of proteins, the large (l), middle (m), and major (s) surface proteins (hbsags), each of different molecular weights but sharing a common c-terminus. these three hbsags, encoded by two species of viral subgenomic transcripts (2.1 and 2.4 kb), which have a heterogenous 5'-terminus, appear in different amounts in both the 42-nm virions and the 22-nm subviral particles. to investigate the involvement of translational control i ... | 1992 | 1566579 |
| mapping of 5' ends of virion-derived hbv dna. | mapping of the 5' ends of virion-derived hepatitis b virus dna molecules was carried out after cloning and sequencing linearized genomes made fully double stranded. of five clones obtained, three of four minus strand termini mapped to the g in position 1826 and one to the t in position 1827. plus strand 5' ends were more heterogeneous with evidence from one clone for the presence of an rna-translocated primer from the 5' end of pregenomic rna as well as two other termini, mapped to positions 159 ... | 1992 | 1566580 |
| production of a soluble and secreted antigenic fragment of hbsag in yeast. | we have produced a fragment of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) corresponding to amino acids 1-60 as a fusion protein with the alpha mating factor of yeast. the product is secreted from yeast as a soluble monomer that expresses hbsag antigenicity. unlike other heterologous fusion proteins, it is not processed by the lys-arg endoprotease, possibly due to a proline in the linker between the two coding sequences. the resulting soluble fragment will enable us to map the immunodominant sites of hb ... | 1992 | 1567451 |
| replication of the hepatitis d virus genome without hepatitis b virus. | 1992 | 1568596 | |
| hepatitis b virus dna in chronic hbsag carriers: correlation with hbeag/anti-hbe status, anti-hd and liver histology. | hepatitis b virus dna was determined in the sera of 198 chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers by the spot hybridization technique. the results were correlated with hepatitis be antigen (hbeag) and antibody (anti-hbe), delta antibody (anti-hd) and liver histology. all subjects had a liver biopsy. the prevalence of hbv dna was 63% in hbeag-positive subjects and 8.8% in anti-hbe positives. hbv dna was not found more frequently in chronic hbsag carriers who had histological evidence o ... | 1992 | 1568710 |
| genetic alterations in the gene encoding the major hbsag: dna and immunological analysis of recurrent hbsag derived from monoclonal antibody-treated liver transplant patients. | a gene region encoding a segment of the major surface protein, hbsag, of hepatitis b virus was analyzed from serum samples after orthotopic liver transplantation of three hepatitis b virus chronic carrier patients treated with a human anti-hepatitis b virus monoclonal antibody (sdz ost 577). each of these three patients became hbsag negative after transplantation and therapy with the human anti-hepatitis b virus monoclonal antibody but returned to hbsag positivity (first detected 143,251 and 252 ... | 1992 | 1568715 |
| cellular immune response to hbcag in mother-to-infant transmission of hepatitis b virus. | cellular immunity to hbcag was studied in hepatitis b virus carrier children and neonates born to hepatitis b virus carrier mothers. a significant proliferative response of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to hbcag was found in 5 of 10 children with elevated alt levels but in none of the nine hbeag-positive children with normal alt levels. hbeag but not hbsag was detected in cord blood of 9 of 10 neonates born to hbeag-positive carrier mothers, suggesting exposure of these neonates to hbeag in ... | 1992 | 1568717 |
| prevalence of hepatitis b virus markers and exposure to occupational risks likely to be associated with acquisition of hepatitis b virus among health care workers in stockholm. | the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers and exposure to risks possibly associated with hbv transmission were investigated in 797 health care workers (hcw) from stockholm. altogether, 31/797 (3.9%) persons were positive for at least one hbv marker, 8.0, 7.9 and 6.4% respectively of children's nurses, laboratory assistants and psychiatric assistant nurses. a history of exposure to needle-stick injuries from any patient, was more often obtained from hcw with hbv markers than from hcw with ... | 1992 | 1569305 |
| production of hepatitis b virus by stably transfected monocytic cell line u-937: a model for extrahepatic hepatitis b virus replication. | human monocytic cell line u-937 was transfected with the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome. transfected cells releasing hbv surface antigen (hbsag) and hbv e antigen (hbeag) into the culture supernatant were cloned and further characterized. the hbv genomes were present in these cells in both chromosomally integrated and episomal forms. intracellular replicative intermediates of hbv dna and hbv-specific rna transcripts of 3.6 and 2.2 kb were also detected. viral dna was present in the culture super ... | 1992 | 1569345 |
| transferrin receptor mediates uptake and presentation of hepatitis b envelope antigen by t lymphocytes. | human activated t lymphocytes expressing class ii molecules are able to present only complex antigens that bind to their own surface receptors, and thus can be captured, internalized, and processed through the class ii major histocompatibility complex processing pathway. we have used the antigen-presenting t cell system to identify the viral receptor used by hepatitis b virus (hbv) to enter cells, as well as the sequence of hb envelope antigen (hbenvag) involved in this interaction. results show ... | 1992 | 1569393 |
| oesophageal tuberculosis: a review of eleven cases. | tuberculous infection of the oesophagus is rare. this is confirmed by our present review of cases managed in our teaching hospitals over a period of 18 years which uncovered only 11 patients. the main presentation is that of dysphagia whose algorithm of investigation should seek to differentiate tuberculosis from carcinoma, the more common cause of this symptom. of the 11 patients, 9 presented with dysphagia while 2 had haemorrhage; 7 had an abnormal plain chest radiograph, of whom 4 had a media ... | 1992 | 1570250 |
| frequent amplification of c-myc in ground squirrel liver tumors associated with past or ongoing infection with a hepadnavirus. | persistent infection with hepatitis b virus (hbv) is a major cause of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc) in humans. hcc has also been observed in animals chronically infected with two other hepadnaviruses: ground squirrel hepatitis virus (gshv) and woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv). a distinctive feature of whv is the early onset of woodchuck tumors, which may be correlated with a direct role of the virus as an insertional mutagen of myc genes: c-myc, n-myc, and predominantly the woodchuck n-myc2 retr ... | 1992 | 1570307 |
| factors in the development of a liver transplantation programme: experience of 100 consecutive transplantations in milan's niguarda hospital. | from december 1985 to december 1990, 100 liver orthotopic transplantations (oltx) were performed in 89 adults with cirrhosis and various other liver diseases; eight patients had two transplants and three of these had three transplants. organ perfusion was done with eurocollins in the first 30, then with uw solution. immunosuppressants were a combination of cyclosporin a and steroids for the first 30 patients, and then a combination of antilymphocyte globulin, azathioprine, methylprednisolone and ... | 1992 | 1571573 |
| hepatitis delta superinfection during alpha-interferon treatment for hepatitis b. | alpha-interferon (ifn) has been used to treat hepatitis b virus carriers with chronic hepatitis delta virus superinfection. although the drug inhibits hepatitis delta virus replication during administration, long-term clearance of the virus has not been obtained in most patients. the effectiveness of alpha-interferon on chronic hdv infection is therefore questionable. no data are available on acute infection. we report the case of a young, immunocompetent hbsag carrier in whom hepatitis delta vi ... | 1992 | 1571575 |
| infection with hepatitis b virus after open heart surgery. | 1992 | 1571684 | |
| time trends of hbsag prevalence among blood donors in fukuoka, japan. | we examined time trends of the prevalence of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) among blood donors at the fukuoka red cross blood center, japan, during 1977-88. as was expected, a marked but artificial decrease in the hbsag prevalence attributable to a notification program was detected. the seropositivities among males were uniformly higher than those among females. about 1% absolute rate decrease (approximately 50% relative rate reduction) was found among young donors aged 16-19 in seven years ... | 1992 | 1572436 |
| significance of serum igm anti-hbc in chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | because of widely differing reports on the significance of igm anti-hbc in chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, paired sera and liver biopsies from 49 patients with chronic hbv infection were analysed for serum igm anti-hbc, hbsag titre, hbeag/anti-hbe, hbv dna, serum aspartate transaminase, intrahepatic hbcag expression, and liver histology. high levels of igm anti-hbc, in the diagnostic range of acute hepatitis b (greater than 1.2), were detected in seven patients (14.3%) and a total of ... | 1992 | 1573387 |
| sexual practices in the transmission of hepatitis b virus and prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection in female prostitutes in the united states. | to evaluate heterosexual transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) and the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus (hdv) infection in female prostitutes. | 1992 | 1573724 |
| [hepatitis b and blood banks]. | 1992 | 1573916 | |
| organ distribution and stability of phosphorothioated oligodeoxyribonucleotides in mice. | results of recent studies in our laboratory have suggested a potential role for antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides (oligo(dn)s) as therapeutic agents in the treatment of human hepatitis b virus infection. as a first step towards assessing the potential utility of oligo(dn) in therapy, we have examined the organ distribution, stability and toxicity of a phosphorothioated oligo(dn) (s-oligo) of 20 nucleotides in length which was administered to mice via different routes. among the various organs ... | 1992 | 1576329 |
| further inquiry into treating hepatitis c with recombinant interferon alpha. | 1992 | 1576363 | |
| co-expression of markers for hepatitis delta and hepatitis b viruses in human liver. | delta hepatitis (hdv) infection can only occur in the presence of hepatitis b (hbv) infection, as hdv requires a coat of hbv surface antigen (hbsag) for assembly of complete virus. a number of studies have examined the variation of hbv markers in serum and liver during establishment of hdv infection, but none has systematically examined the relationship between the two viruses in individual hepatocytes. liver biopsies from five patients with hdv/hbv infection were stained for hbsag, hbv core ant ... | 1992 | 1577410 |
| differential effect of chronic hepatitis d virus infection on intrahepatic expression of hepatitis b viral antigen. | to determine how chronic hepatitis d virus (hdv) infection affects intrahepatic hepatitis b virus (hbv) antigen expression. | 1992 | 1577968 |
| prevalence of four blood-borne viruses (hbv, hcv, htlv-i, hiv-1) among haemodialysis patients in japan. | to investigate the prevalence of four blood-borne viruses among a cohort of haemodialysis (hd) patients in japan, hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag), antibody to hepatitis c virus (anti-hcv), antibody to human t-cell lymphotropic virus type-i (anti-htlv-i), and antibody to human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (anti-hiv-1) were studied in the sera from 393 consecutive hd patients and in the sera from 786 age- and sex-matched healthy individuals from the general population (controls). the prevalen ... | 1992 | 1578219 |
| a pilot model of vaccination against hepatitis b virus suitable for mass vaccination campaigns in hyperendemic areas. | a hepatitis b vaccination campaign was carried out in a town of 60,000 inhabitants, afragola, campania, italy, a hyperendemic area for hepatitis b where hbsag prevalence was 13.4% and anti-hbc prevalence was 64.7%. this experimental pilot project aimed to reduce the incidence of both acute and asymptomatic viral hepatitis b and of related chronic liver complications. from 1983-1989, 8,400 subjects were vaccinated: 6,900 children up to 10 years of age and 1,500 subjects from 11-60 years of age. h ... | 1992 | 1578220 |
| effect of cyclosporin-a in woodchucks with chronic hepatitis delta virus infection. | four woodchucks chronically infected with hepatitis delta virus (hdv) were treated with cyclosporin-a (cya) for 11 weeks. all animals had detectable hdag in the liver and two of them were also positive for hdag and hdv-rna in serum. reappearance of hdv in serum was noted in one of the two non-viraemic animals and increased viraemia in the two viraemic. hdv-rna levels became elevated within a week of starting treatment and an inverse relationship between hdv-rna and whv-dna became apparent during ... | 1992 | 1578224 |
| hepatitis b surface antigen in tears and aqueous humor. a comparative study of serum hepatitis b surface antigen levels. | tear samples of 20 patients who were determined to have positive hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) after an acute hepatitis b infection and aqueous humor samples of 10 patients who were hbsag carriers were tested for hbsag, and the results obtained for serum and these fluids were compared. in 85% of the 20 patients who were hbsag positive, hbsag was found to be positive in tear samples. in 50% of the other 10 patients in aqueous humor was also found to be hbsag positive. our findings show that ... | 1992 | 1579333 |
| occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis b virus: a comparative analysis of risk. | to estimate the occupational risk from infection with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) in terms of loss of (quality-adjusted) life expectancy, and to compare that risk to those posed by other hazards faced by health care workers. | 1992 | 1580297 |
| long-term transgene expression from genetically modified hepatocytes grafted to the rat liver. | primary cultures of rat hepatocytes embedded and grown to high density in a wafer of reticulated polyurethane have been infected in vitro with a retroviral vector expressing the hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag). wafers containing infected cells and implanted directly between the liver lobes of recipient rats became vascularized and firmly attached to the liver parenchyma. stable levels of hbsag were detected in the blood circulation for at least 4 months after grafting. hepatocytes reco ... | 1992 | 1581292 |
| [hepatitis b virus infection in hemodialysis patients]. | hepatitis b virus infection in 199 patients undergone hemodialysis was compared with that in patients with chronic kidney diseases, patients received blood-transfusion and general medical patients. of 199 hemodialysis patients, 60 were followed up for over one years. it was found the prevalence of hbv markers (previous and current infection) in these patients was 78.4%, that in the blood-transfused patients 76.5%, in the non-transfused general medical patients, 60.0% and in the patients with chr ... | 1992 | 1581949 |
| new assays for quantitative determination of viral markers in management of chronic hepatitis b virus infection. | we performed a quantitative study of serum hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers, including new parameters such as pre-s1 antigen (ag), pre-s2 ag, and anti-hbx, in 88 chronic hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) carriers. new imx assays for hbsag and immunoglobulin m (igm) anti-hbc detection were also used. the population studied was composed of 65 chronic hepatitis cases (40 positive for hepatitis b antigen [hbeag] and 25 positive for anti-hbe) and 23 anti-hbe-positive, asymptomatic hbsag carriers. se ... | 1992 | 1583107 |
| hepatitis b and delta virus infection among "at risk" populations in south east london. | the hepatitis delta virus (hdv) contributes significantly to the morbidity and mortality of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, which is particularly prevalent among intravenous drug users and male homosexuals. a recent report has indicated that hdv first appeared in the south east london intravenous drug using population in 1982. the aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of hdv in these two groups at risk of hbv infection in south east london. | 1992 | 1583429 |
| review: hepatitis b virus x-gene product: a promiscuous transcriptional activator. | 1992 | 1583465 | |
| replication of hepatitis b virus in differentiated adult rat hepatocytes transfected with cloned viral dna. | the possibility of obtaining expression of human hepatitis b virus (hbv) genes and production of virus particles in normal liver cells from heterologous species like normal adult rat hepatocytes, by transfecting the complete hbv genome, was investigated. various techniques for hepatocyte transfection were assayed including the usual calcium-phosphate coprecipitation technique, the pasco and fagan modified calcium-phosphate procedure, and the lipofection technique. transfection efficiency was det ... | 1992 | 1583471 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha negatively regulates hepatitis b virus gene expression in transgenic mice. | it is well known that several inflammatory cytokines can modulate hepatocellular gene expression in a complex physiological process known as the hepatic acute-phase response. since hepatitis b virus (hbv) characteristically induces a vigorous lymphomononuclear inflammatory response in the liver during acute and chronic hepatitis, it is possible that hepatocellular hbv gene expression may also be modulated by one or more of the cytokines produced by these cells. using bacterial lipopolysaccharide ... | 1992 | 1583737 |
| hepatitis b virus genomes that cannot synthesize pre-s2 proteins occur frequently and as dominant virus populations in chronic carriers in italy. | the heterogeneity of hepatitis b virus (hbv) pre-s sequences coding for envelope proteins was tested by dna amplification and direct sequencing of viral genomes from sera of 22 unselected chronic carriers resident in southern italy. the sequences of the dominant viral genome populations from 15 carriers were very similar to known published "wildtype" hbv genomes and showed no deletions. in contrast, in the hbv populations of six patients, deletions in the pre-s region, mainly clustered at the am ... | 1992 | 1585662 |
| the use of vaccines in renal failure. | renal insufficiency is characterised by impaired host defences, which are compromised further by each of the 3 modes of renal replacement--haemodialysis, continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) and renal transplantation. reduced renal clearance of unknown toxins, possible development of nutritional deficiencies and administration of immunosuppressive medications lead to aberrant immune regulation early in the course of renal failure. this results subsequently in increased frequency and ... | 1992 | 1587056 |
| a controlled trial of interferon with or without prednisone priming for chronic hepatitis b. | in a randomized, controlled trial of recombinant interferon alfa-2b with or without prednisone priming in chinese adults with chronic hepatitis b virus infection, stratified randomization for pretreatment serum alanine aminotransferase levels was done. partial or complete antiviral responses were achieved in 17 (21.5%) of 79 treated patients and 3 (8.3%) of 36 controls (p = 0.14). the response to interferon treatment was significantly better in those who had elevated pretreatment transaminase le ... | 1992 | 1587429 |
| correlation between the prevalence of serum hbv dna and immunoserologic hbv markers in the subjects with or without hepatitis. | the prevalence of serum hbv dna, detected by polymerase chain reaction, and that of immunoserologic hbv markers (hbsag, hbeag, anti-hbs, and anti-hbc), determined by immunoassays, were compared among three groups of subjects: (a) chronic active hepatitis b patients, (b) chronic asymptomatic hbv carriers, and (c) normal individuals. except five of the normal individuals, all of the subjects are positive for anti-hbc while some of them were also positive for other immunoserologic hbv markers, such ... | 1992 | 1587559 |
| comparison of the amino acid sequences of nine different serotypes of hepatitis b surface antigen and genomic classification of the corresponding hepatitis b virus strains. | the surface (s) genes of 12 hepatitis b viruses (hbvs) encoding nine different serotypes of hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag) were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction and sequenced. these represented the eight strains of hbv, p1 to p8, defined at an international workshop on hbsag subtypes in paris in 1975, and the adrq- subtype. the s genes from additional hbv strains, one ayw4, one adw4 and one ayw1, of sub-saharan african origin, were also sequenced. the relationship of these 12 new ... | 1992 | 1588323 |
| [needlestick injuries in hospital personnel and the risk of hepatitis-b infection]. | the risk of employees of the university hospital of basel acquiring virus hepatitis b following needle stick injuries (nsi) was evaluated prospectively. over four years, 555 nsi were reported, resulting in a mean incidence of 48 nsi/1000 persons working/year. of the injured, 455 (82%) had previously been vaccinated against hepatitis b, 32 (6%) were hbsag and/or anti-hbc positive, and only 65 (12%) were at risk for hbv infection. the origin of 365 (66%) of the needles implicated in the nsi was id ... | 1992 | 1589739 |
| an hbv large surface antigen protein which can be secreted from mammalian cells. | the n-terminal 54 base pairs (encoding amino acid residues 2-19) within the pres1 region of the human hepatitis b virus surface antigen gene were deleted by site-directed mutagenesis. unlike the wild type large surface antigen protein, when this mutated gene was expressed in monkey kidney cell line cos-m6, the protein product (s301 protein) could be secreted from the cells. moreover, the inhibition of the secretion of the major surface antigen protein by this altered large surface antigen protei ... | 1992 | 1590920 |
| c-abl has a sequence-specific enhancer binding activity. | the enhancers of several distinct viruses contain a common functional element, termed ep. this element binds ubiquitous cellular proteins and generates specific complexes in gel retardation analysis. ultraviolet cross-linking and southwestern analysis showed that a 140 kd polypeptide is the major ep dna-binding protein. using a combination of dna binding and immunological techniques, we have identified the c-abl protein in a nuclear complex that binds to the ep element. abl was found to have bot ... | 1992 | 1591775 |
| absence of hepatitis b virus precore mutants in patients with chronic hepatitis b responding to interferon-alpha. | precore defective hbv mutants may gradually prevail because of immune selection and explain spontaneous seroconversion from hbeag to anti-hbe in hbv carriers. we have analyzed whether the presence of precore hbv mutants is a determinant of responsiveness to interferon-alpha therapy. fifteen carriers (nine responders and six nonresponders) who were treated with interferon-alpha were examined. serum samples were collected before and after therapy. after extraction of dna, the precore region was am ... | 1992 | 1592338 |
| nutritional status and growth in children with chronic hepatitis b. | as reported for other chronic liver diseases, hepatitis b virus (hbv) chronic infection might result in malnutrition. in order to establish whether this disease could be responsible of malnutrition and hence influence growth, 75 children, chronically infected with hbv, have been followed up for 4 years. thirty-one of them had chronic active hepatitis (cah), 25 chronic persistent hepatitis (cph), 14 chronic lobular hepatitis (clh), and five cirrhosis (three active, two inactive). the nutritional ... | 1992 | 1593365 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus dna in the liver of children with chronic hepatitis b by in situ hybridization and its relation to other viral markers. | the aim of the study was to detect hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna by in situ hybridization (ish) with a 35s-labeled radioactive probe in frozen liver biopsy tissue sections of 63 hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag)-positive children. the results were compared to other markers of viral replication. hbv dna was detected in 48 children. of the 15 negative cases, four had hepatitis b envelope antigen (hbeag), 10 anti-hbe, and one neither hbeag nor anti-hbe. free hbv dna in serum and liver was pos ... | 1992 | 1593366 |
| changes in nucleolar transcriptional activity in hepatitis b virus-associated chronic liver diseases. preliminary results from a quantitative study of silver-stained nucleoli. | modifications of gene expression may occur in hepatitis b virus (hbv)-related chronic liver diseases, possibly also involving ribosomal rna (rrna) genes contained in the nucleolus. changes in the level of transcriptional activity of rrna genes are reflected by variations in the number and/or size of the nucleoli. therefore a quantitative analysis of the silver-stained nucleoli (agnus) was performed in a small series of liver needle biopsies from patients with hbv+ chronic persistent hepatitis (c ... | 1992 | 1594478 |
| [clinical pathology due to hepatitis b virus]. | all information accumulated during last 10 years allows the view on the alterations produced by hepatitis b virus as ubiquitous. extrahepatic pathology in hepatitis b is associated with the immunocomplex and immunocellular mechanisms but more frequently with their combination. wide spread of hepatitis b virus infection and high level of morbidity, persistence of the virus in the organism necessitate further study of clinical pathology associated with this virus. | 1992 | 1596180 |
| [transmission of hepatitis b virus from mother to child in bamako-mali]. | results of a study about mother-infant transmission of hepatitis b virus (hbv) confirm the high degree of positivity of hbv markers in bamako, republic of mali. among 372 sera of mother-newborn pairs, seroprevalence of hbs ag has been around 11% in mothers. the lack of anti hbc igm in all sera agree probably with a relative old contamination. pre-s2 epitope marker has been found in more than 70% of hbs ag positive mothers and 50% of their children. large discordance has been noted between the pr ... | 1992 | 1596959 |
| prevention of chronic carriage of hepatitis b virus infection in ethiopian immigrants. | 1992 | 1597365 | |
| identification of a prenylation site in delta virus large antigen. | during replication, hepatitis delta virus (hdv) switches from production of small to large delta antigen. both antigen isoforms have an hdv genome binding domain and are packaged into hepatitis b virus (hbv)-derived envelopes but differ at their carboxy termini. the large antigen was shown to contain a terminal cxxx box and undergo prenylation. the large, but not the small, antigen formed secreted particles when expressed singly with hbv surface antigen. mutation of cys211 in the cxxx box of the ... | 1992 | 1598578 |
| treatment of chronic hepatitis b with beta interferon given intramuscularly: a pilot study. | in a pilot study aimed to test the therapeutic potential of beta interferon (ifn) given intramuscularly we treated 4 patients with hbeag positive chronic hepatitis b with a progressively increased dosage of beta ifn (from 5 to 9 million units daily) for 1 month and with 9 million units for 5 additional months, thrice weekly. in 3 of the 4 patients, serum hbv-dna decreased during therapy and remained undetectable in 2 who seroconverted from hbeag to anti-hbe while in 1 patient viraemia rebounded ... | 1992 | 1600196 |
| two fatal cases of hepatitis b virus carriers after corticosteroid therapy for bronchial asthma. | we report two hepatitis b virus (hbv) carriers who had liver failure after withdrawal of corticosteroids (steroids) administered for treatment of serious asthmatic attacks. liver functions deteriorated 1 to 2 wk after withdrawal of the steroid therapy and liver failure occurred. steroid readministration and intensive therapy for liver failure did not prevent death. an excessive immune response provoked by steroid withdrawal and decreased reserve capacity due to underlying chronic liver disease w ... | 1992 | 1600269 |
| hepatitis b vaccines: blueprints for vaccines of the future. | 1992 | 1600381 | |
| comparison of the immune response of four different dosages of a yeast-recombinant hepatitis b vaccine in singapore children: a four-year follow-up study. | the immunogenicity of four different dosages of yeast-derived hepatitis b vaccine (merck, sharp & dohme: 0.6 micrograms, 1.25 micrograms, 2.5 micrograms and 5.0 micrograms), administered at 0, 1 and 6 months (0-1-6 schedule) intramuscularly, was evaluated in 122 seronegative healthy children 1-12 years of age. three months after the first dose, 83.9-100% of the vaccinees seroconverted. peak geometric mean titres (gmt) of between 1088 mlu/ml and 1699 mlu/ml were attained 3 months after completion ... | 1992 | 1600584 |
| chronicity rate of hepatitis b virus infection in the families of 60 hepatitis b surface antigen positive chronic carrier children: role of horizontal transmission. | it is known that the 5%-10% of adults infected with hepatitis b virus (hbv) develop a chronic infection and that hbv infection acquired at birth by an hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag)/hepatitis b "e" antigen (hbeag)-positive mother almost invariably leads to chronic infection. little information is, however, available about the risk of hbv infection acquired in childhood becoming chronic. we have, therefore, studied the chronicity rate of hbv infection in the families of 60 consecutive hbsag- ... | 1992 | 1601010 |
| serological responses to hepatitis b virus infection in multi-transfused thalassemic children. | one hundred children with beta-thalassemia major were studied prospectively. a one time analysis of serum samples was carried out for a battery of hepatitis b viral markers viz., hbsag, anti-hbs and anti-hbc. seven mutually different serological patterns were observed. the commonest profile seen in 49 patients was a combined seropositivity for anti-hbc and anti-hbs indicating past hbv infection with persisting immunity. definite evidence of active hbv infection (seropositivity for hbsag and/or h ... | 1992 | 1601501 |
| transcriptional regulation of precore and pregenomic rnas of hepatitis b virus. | hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, either acute or chronic, has been one of the leading health problems in the world. to understand the hbv life cycle and disease process, we set out to study the regulation of viral gene expression. in this paper, we report the characterization of the hbv core promoter: two 3.5-kb transcripts, precore and pregenomic, are made from it. the latter is itself a template for viral genome replication and also encodes viral proteins essential for both viral replication ... | 1992 | 1602534 |
| the arginine-rich domain of the hepatitis b virus core protein is required for pregenome encapsidation and productive viral positive-strand dna synthesis but not for virus assembly. | assembly of replication-competent hepatitis b virus (hbv) nucleocapsids requires the interaction of the core protein, the p protein, and the rna pregenome. the core protein contains an arginine-rich c-terminal domain which is dispensable for particle formation in heterologous expression systems. using transient expression in huh7 cells of a series of c-terminally truncated core proteins, i examined the functional role of this basic region in the context of a complete hbv genome. all variants con ... | 1992 | 1602535 |
| epidemiology & disease control program. osha final rule on occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens. march, 1992. | 1992 | 1602934 | |
| [hepatitis a to e: symptoms, clinical aspects, prognosis]. | symptoms of acute viral hepatitis during the prodromal period are non-diagnostic. icteric periods are rare in acute hepatitis c, but frequent in patients with hepatitis a and e. clinically, the liver is palpable in 70 to 90%, whereas the spleen is rarely augmented (5 to 10%). the various forms of acute hepatitis can not be distinguished clinically. the prognosis depends on the type of the virus (mutant?) and the immune reaction of the organism. cases of chronic hepatitis are unknown following ac ... | 1992 | 1604095 |
| spliced rna of woodchuck hepatitis virus. | polymerase chain reaction was used to investigate rna splicing in liver of woodchucks infected with woodchuck hepatitis virus (whv). two spliced species were detected, and the splice junctions were sequenced. the larger spliced rna has an intron of 1300 nucleotides, and the smaller spliced sequence shows an additional downstream intron of 1104 nucleotides. we did not detect singly spliced sequences from which the smaller intron alone was removed. control experiments showed that spliced sequences ... | 1992 | 1604814 |
| hepatitis b virus c gene promoter is under negative regulation. | the regulation of the core promoter of hepatitis b virus (hbv) was investigated using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) reporter system. deletional analysis of sequences 5' to the hbv core promoter indicated the presence of a negative regulatory element (nre) located within a 282-bp bamhi-hincii dna fragment. the nre was functional in hepatic as well as nonhepatic cells. results of in vivo competition experiments suggest a role for cellular transacting repressor protein(s) in the funct ... | 1992 | 1604826 |
| [exploration of the relation between hepatitis b virus and liver cancer]. | 1992 | 1606872 | |
| hepatitis b virus polymerase gene: expression of the long open reading frame using the baculovirus expression system. | a recombinant baculovirus was constructed containing a copy of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome which was inserted to produce an in-frame fusion of the precore (pre-c) coding region with the first 11 amino acids of the polyhedrin gene. the recombinant baculovirus expressed the 25k pre-c protein and two novel proteins, of approximately 93k and 72k. both the 93k and 72k proteins are recognized by an anti-polymerase monoclonal antibody. northern blot analysis of the mrna produced during infection ... | 1992 | 1607871 |
| making sense of accidental exposure to blood and body fluids. | 1992 | 1608781 | |
| coincidence of hepatitis b-virus markers and other sexually transmitted diseases in different std-risk groups. | to evaluate the prevalence of hepatitis-b-virus (hbv)-markers in std patients and the significance of promiscuous heterosexual activity as a risk factor for the transmission of hbv, a serological screening was performed in 499 patients, in addition to the routine std diagnostic programme. two groups of patients were evaluated: group 1 (120 patients) was drawn from the std clinic of the public health office (pho), group 2 (379 patients) from a private std outpatient clinic. promiscuous activity w ... | 1992 | 1611211 |
| topological analysis of the hepatitis b virus core particle by cysteine-cysteine cross-linking. | the nucleocapsid, or core particle, of hepatitis b virus is formed by 180 subunits of the core protein, which contains cys at positions 48, 61, 107 and 183, the latter constituting the c terminus. upon adventitious oxidation, some or all of these cysteine residues participate in the formation of disulphide bridges, leading to polymerization of the subunits within the particle. to utilize the cysteine residues as topological probes, we reduced the number of possible intersubunit crosslinks by rep ... | 1992 | 1613786 |
| [clinical importance of hepatitis b virus dna detection in serum of children with chronic hepatitis b]. | 206 sera from 172 children with chronic hepatitis b infection were tested for hbv dna by dot blot hybridization. 111 were positive and 95 negative for hbv dna. 103 (78.6%) of the positive patients had hbeag and 5 (7.7%) anti-hbe. in 60 (92.3%) of the anti-hbe positive sera no hbv dna could be detected. children with elevated liver enzymes had hbv dna in 80.1%, whereas in 71.6% of the chronic hbsag carriers with normal liver enzymes no hbv dna was found. in 87 of the 95 dot blot negative patients ... | 1992 | 1614181 |
| fulminant hepatitis related to transmission of hepatitis b variants with precore mutations between spouses. | a precore defective variant of hepatitis b virus has been indicated to cause fulminant hepatitis in various instances such as intrahospital outbreaks or mother-to-child transmission of hepatitis b virus. to learn whether similar variants are involved in interspouse transmission, we analyzed three cases of fulminant hepatitis b that developed in formerly healthy subjects whose only exposure to hepatitis b virus was contact with their longtime spouses, who were carriers of hbv and positive for ant ... | 1992 | 1618480 |
| hepatitis b virus dna in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells in chronic hepatitis b after hbsag clearance. | in this study, peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from patients with chronic hepatitis b and spontaneous or therapy-induced disappearance of hbsag were examined for hbv dna. samples were evaluated by in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction both before and after clearance of hbsag. by in situ hybridization, positive signals were observed in 2 of 13 samples collected after hbsag loss, in 8 of 15 samples before hbsag loss and in 0 of 4 control patients without serological markers of act ... | 1992 | 1618481 |
| specific inhibition of hepatitis b viral gene expression in vitro by targeted antisense oligonucleotides. | a 21-mer oligodeoxynucleotide complementary to the polyadenylation signal for human hepatitis b virus (hbv) was complexed to a soluble dna-carrier system that is targetable to hepatocytes via asialoglycoprotein receptors present on those cells. a cell line, hepg2 (2.2.15) that possesses asialoglycoprotein receptors and is permanently transfected with hepatitis b virus (ayw subtype) was exposed to complexed antisense dna or controls. in the presence of complexed antisense dna, the concentration o ... | 1992 | 1618751 |
| a support film of plasma-polymerized naphthalene for electron microscopy: method of preparation and application. | methods of preparing of a new support film by plasma polymerization in a glow discharge, and its application were described. the recently developed plasma polymerization replica technique was used to prepare ultrathin films from naphthalene monomer gas on the surface of a newly cleaved sodium chloride crystal or on cover glass. the film was floated off on water or hydrofluoric acid solution to free it from the base. the plasma-polymerized naphthalene support film (pns) prepared in this way was s ... | 1992 | 1619379 |
| analysis of intrahepatic hbvdna in serologic hbv markers-negative or hbsag-negative patients with chronic hepatitis. | to explore hbv infection status in a group of serologic hbv markers-negative or hbsag-negative patients with chronic hepatitis, in situ hybridization to hepatocellular hbvdna was carried out in combination with detection of hbsag and hbcag in the liver tissues. it was found that prevalence of intrahepatic hbvdna, hbsag and hbcag was 43%, 39% and 17% respectively, and 15 out of 23 cases studied were sure to bear one or more positive marker(s) of intrahepatic hbvdna, hbsag and hbcag. these finding ... | 1992 | 1619695 |
| [attempt to cause hepatitis in duck hepatitis b virus carrier ducks by immunization with dhbv protein]. | in order to investigate the hypothesis that viral hepatitis is a host immune response against viral protein presented on hepatocytes, we attempted to cause hepatitis in dhbv carrier ducks by immunization with dhbv protein. while ducks injected with freund complete adjuvant (fca) showed only weak hepatitis, those immunized with dhbv particle protein showed severe hepatitis. this same procedure could not cause significant inflammation in the liver of ducks without dhbv infection. the severity of h ... | 1992 | 1619786 |
| host and tissue tropism of hepatitis b virus. | 1992 | 1619982 | |
| characterization of private and cross-reactive idiotypes associated with human antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen. | four mouse monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (anti-id) were generated against human monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies to hepatitis b surface antigen (hbsag). these monoclonal anti-id, along with a polyclonal anti-id raised in rabbits, were used to characterize the idiotype (id) specificity of the human antibody response to hbsag (anti-hbs). the anti-id reagents identified distinct private and cross-reactive id expressed on monoclonal and polyclonal human anti-hbs preparations respectively. ... | 1992 | 1622892 |
| management of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens: hepatitis b virus, hepatitis c virus, and human immunodeficiency virus. | being a health care worker in today's world is not without risks. accidental exposure to blood carries with it a definite risk of transmission of infection by various bloodborne pathogens, especially the hepatitis b, hepatitis c, and human immunodeficiency viruses. while infectious disease specialists, hospital epidemiologists, and infection control clinicians can develop many important strategies to reduce this risk--aggressive training, utilization of safer needles, identification of high-risk ... | 1992 | 1623073 |
| treating chronic liver disease: lessons from a day hospital. | the relationship between the professional background of the physician requesting the biopsy procedure (whether non-specialist or specialist in hepatology/gastroenterology) and the subsequent decision of treatment of the patients was analyzed. treatment was divided into two categories named arbitrarily "no therapy" (general supportive measures) or "therapy" (causal treatment based on active drugs or measures aimed at affecting the cause of the disease). of the 204 cases of outpatient needle biops ... | 1992 | 1623222 |
| detection of hepatitis b virus dna in serum by a nonisotopic hybridization technique. | we developed a nonisotopic technique, hepagene, for measuring hepatitis b virus (hbv) dna in human serum by using a sulfonated probe that is detected by a sandwich immunoenzymatic reaction. the detection limit, determined by serum dilution tests, was 2.5 ng/l. the precision of the hepagene test was demonstrated by the accurate reproducibility observed for low (3 ng/l) and medium (38 ng/l) concentrations of hbv dna assayed in 24 different series. specificity was established by assaying hbv dna in ... | 1992 | 1623604 |
| hepatitis b virus markers in children and staff in northern territory schools. | to measure the prevalence of hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection in children and staff at northern territory schools. | 1992 | 1625617 |
| compliance with infection control procedures among california orthodontists. | we conducted a survey of a random sample of california orthodontists and of general dentists to compare their infection control procedures. questionnaires were returned by 124 orthodontists (56% response rate) and 126 general dentists (61% response rate). eighteen questions were asked covering practice profile, perception of risk from hepatitis b virus (hbv) and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), exposure to blood, barrier protection used, and sterilization and disinfection procedures. gloves a ... | 1992 | 1626533 |
| the changing pattern of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection in intravenous drug users. results of a six-year seroprevalence study in palermo, italy. | a cross-sectional seroepidemiologic study was carried out between 1985 and 1990 in 1,567 heterosexual intravenous drug users who had been seen at the aids regional reference center in palermo, italy, to evaluate the rate of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) seroprevalence in this group and its long-term trend. sixty serum samples collected from drug users in 1980 and 1983, before the founding of the center (1985), were tested as well. some demographic and behavioral risk factors were s ... | 1992 | 1626537 |
| seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 among pregnant women. | five (0.74%) of 678 women delivering in 1985 at a tertiary referral hospital for high-risk pregnancies and 16 (1.34%) of 1198 women visiting an urban prenatal obstetrics clinic in 1986-1987 had serologic evidence of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) infection. unlinked testing (removal of personal identifiers from the blood specimen and the epidemiologic data sheet) of residual serum from hepatitis b virus serologic testing was used. neither age, marital status, payor status, nor serol ... | 1992 | 1627222 |
| the low risk of hepatitis c virus transmission among sexual partners of hepatitis c-infected hemophilic males: an international, multicenter study. | to study the transmission rate of hepatitis c virus (hcv) in the female sexual partners of antibody-positive hemophilic males, 106 partners from three hemophilia centers located in europe, america, and australia were tested for hcv seropositivity using a first-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa-1) and, subsequently, a second-generation elisa (elisa-2) and a supplemental recombinant immunoblot assay. additionally, the cohort was tested for the presence of antibody to the human im ... | 1992 | 1627805 |
| [relation between traditional chinese medicine differentiation of syndromes and hbv antigen, hbv dna in serum and liver tissues and pathological changes in chronic hepatitis b]. | tcm differentiation of syndrome in 131 cases of chronic hepatitis b has been studied with molecular-biological and immuno-histological techniques. the results showed that 94.6% cases of gan-yu pi-xu (stagnancy in the liver leading to diminished function of the spleen) type belonged to chronic persistent hepatitis (cph), whose coincidence rate of pathology of the liver biopsies with cph was 69.2%; the positive rate of hbeag and/or hbv dna in sera was 61.5%, and the positive rates of hbsag and hbv ... | 1992 | 1627940 |
| liver disease in patients with liver dysfunction prior to bone marrow transplantation. | twenty-two patients with previous hepatic compromise who underwent allogeneic bone marrow transplant (bmt) for treatment of hematologic malignancy or other hematologic disease between 1984 and 1990 were chosen for the present study. after transplant, 19 (86.4%) of the patients developed hepatitis, including six cases (27.3%) of acute hepatitis, 12 (54.6%) of chronic hepatitis and one uncharacterized hepatitis. nine chronic hepatitis patients were followed-up for 7-56.5 months (medium 35.5 months ... | 1992 | 1628124 |
| concerns regarding infection control recommendations for dental practice. | it goes without saying that the members of any professional group are more likely to modify their behavior if they are provided with logical, rational reasons to enact the suggested change. in the mid 1980s, health care providers, including dental personnel, were advised to adopt universal precautions and to alter their infection control habits with minimal justification, apart from the general unease and paranoia surrounding aids. therefore, it is understandable that some practitioners would re ... | 1992 | 1628259 |
| receptor for pre-s1(21-47) component of hepatitis b virus on the liver cell: role in virus cell interaction. | attachment of hepatitis b virus to a hepatoblastoma cell line (hepg2) was examined using a synthetic peptide corresponding to the pre-s1 (21-47) region of the envelope protein. scatchard analysis revealed a single class binding site of kd 104 +/- 27 nm/l and 5.4 +/- 1.2 x 10(5) sites per cell. competition of hbv with pre-s1 peptides was dose dependent, and demonstrated it as the dominant binding site. in view of the suggested sequence homology between the peptide and iga, cross-competition studi ... | 1992 | 1629710 |
| effects of 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides on duck hepatitis b virus dna level in serum and liver of chronically infected ducks. | the 2'-fluorinated arabinosyl-pyrimidine nucleosides, 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-iodocytosine (fiac) and 1-(2'-deoxy-2'-fluoro-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl)-5-methyluracil (fmau), are new antiviral compounds with in vitro inhibitory activity against the dna polymerase of hepadnaviruses. those compounds also induced permanent inhibition of viral replication in woodchucks chronically infected by woodchuck hepatitis virus. the effects of these antiviral compounds were assessed in d ... | 1992 | 1629711 |
| relation of changes in hepatitis b virus replication markers to the outcome of interferon treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis. | the relationship between the behavior of hepatitis b virus (hbv) replication markers and the response to treatment with recombinant alpha-2b interferon (ifn) was investigated in 11 patients with chronic hepatitis. at the end of 6 months of treatment, 4 patients showed a complete response to ifn: 2 more patients had seroconversion to hbeab after 8 and 9 months of follow-up, respectively. the response to ifn was partial in the remaining patients. pre-treatment levels of hbv dna in patients showing ... | 1992 | 1629752 |
| [a cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccination against the hepatitis b virus]. | the incidence of hepatitis b is on the increase despite immunization of people susceptible to risk populations. after the introduction of a recombinant vaccine in 1986, it has become possible to evaluate different alternatives of immunization, from the point of view of efficacy, with the aim of controlling the disease. | 1992 | 1630178 |
| new developments in serologic screening of corneal donors for hiv-1 and hepatitis b virus infections. | the authors evaluated different methods to serologically screen potential cadaveric corneal donors for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) and hepatitis b virus (hbv) infections. | 1992 | 1630777 |
| [polymerase chain reaction and its application]. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) is one of the most important new methods in molecular biology. it is widely used in genetic and anthropologic basic research, in oncology and virology, in all those fields, where molecular biologic methods can give answers to the questions raised. the procedure enables one to multiply with extreme precision targeted pieces of amounts as little as one target molecule of dna or rna by five to six logs, making them easy to be handled and examined by routine molec ... | 1992 | 1630800 |
| [hepatitis b virus markers and anti-hcv antibodies in hemodialyzed patients]. | serum samples from 155 patients on haemodialysis were examined for markers of hepatitis b and c. abbott and ortho elisa tests were used for the determinations. alt levels were analysed at the same time. of the 345 random blood donors and 366 prisoners examined, 1.44% proved to be anti-hcv antibody positive. 13 medical staff workers of 147 were found to be positive for anti-hcv antibody (19.1%). in patients on chronic haemodialysis 41.29% anti-hcv antibody prevalence was found. the prevalence of ... | 1992 | 1630802 |
| [clinical significance of the hepatitis delta virus and its incidence in virus b positive chronic liver diseases]. | the data on hepatitis delta virus and the liver diseases caused by it are reviewed. the findings of hepatitis b and d virus markers in 118 hepatitis b virus seropositive patients suffering from histologically confirmed chronic liver disease are reported. the prevalence of hepatitis delta virus infection was 13.56% of these cases, while active hepatitis delta virus replication was proved in 6 cases of them. based on their findings, the role of hepatitis delta virus in the progression of chronic l ... | 1992 | 1630804 |
| [significance of detailed hepatitis b virus marker studies in chronic liver diseases]. | the hepatitis b virus (hbv) markers were studied by sorin ria kits in the sera of 390 patients suffered from histologically confirmed chronic liver disease. on the base of hbsag, anti-hbs, anti-hbc seronegativity the hbv infection was excluded in 235 cases. in most hbv negative cases the diagnosis was fatty liver and alcoholic hepatitis (52%), while chronic active hepatitis and/or liver cirrhosis occurred only in 21.7% of patients. past or present hbv infection was proved in 155 patients. the di ... | 1992 | 1630808 |
| aflatoxins in animal and human health. | aflatoxins remain as a threat to the health of livestock as well as humans by their continuing intermittent occurrence in both feeds and foods. the finding that aflatoxin-contaminated feeds, and eventually purified aflatoxins, were carcinogenic in rats and trout initiated a multitude of studies in search of the role of these toxins in human liver disease, especially cancer. although aflatoxins have caused acute liver disease in humans, epidemiologic evidence of the involvement of aflatoxins in p ... | 1992 | 1631352 |