Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| structural and functional properties of the 14-kda envelope protein of vaccinia virus synthesized in escherichia coli. | vaccinia virus is a highly cytocidal virus, but the steps that lead to virus penetration into cells, the first event in virus pathogenesis, have not been elucidated. we have shown that a 14-kda envelope protein of vaccinia virus might play a major role in virus-penetration acting at the level of cell fusion (rodriguez, j. f., paez, e., and esteban, m. (1987) j. virol. 61, 395-404; gong, s., lai, c., and esteban, m. (1990) virology 178, 81-91). to carry out structural and functional studies on th ... | 1990 | 2266120 |
| [development and application of vaccinia virus vector]. | 1990 | 2267334 | |
| [infection of repair-deficient human cells by the vaccinia virus decreases the formation of gamma-induced dna breaks]. | the alkaline elution method was used to study dna breaks induced by the different mutagens in human cells. normal fibroblasts and fibroblasts from patients with homocystinuria, deficient in gamma-type repair were shown to be resistant to gamma-radiation after the vaccinia virus infection. in both cell lines there was a decrease in the number of the mutagen-induced dna breaks. | 1990 | 2270288 |
| characterization of antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses to human influenza virus h3 haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | antibody and cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses to the haemagglutinin (ha) of human h3n2 influenza virus were analysed, using recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the influenza ha gene inserted into the ha gene locus of vaccinia virus. the recombinant vaccinia viruses elicited a high haemagglutination inhibiting (hi) antibody response to the homologous influenza virus in mice. in addition, hi antibody generated by the recombinant vaccinia virus reacted with antigenic variants of human h3n ... | 1990 | 2273387 |
| clofibrate-inducible rat hepatic p450s iva1 and iva3 catalyze the omega- and (omega-1)-hydroxylation of fatty acids and the omega-hydroxylation of prostaglandins e1 and f2 alpha. | cytochromes p450iva1 and iva3 display 72% amino acid sequence similarity and are expressed in livers of rats treated with the hypolipidemic drug clofibrate. the catalytic activities of iva1 and iva3 were examined by cdna-directed expression using vaccinia virus. cdna-expressed iva1 and iva3 had relative mrs of 51,500 and 52,000, respectively, on sds-polyacrylamide gels. both enzymes displayed reduced, co-bound absorption spectra with lambda max of 452.5 nm. iva1 and iva3 hydroxylated lauric acid ... | 1990 | 2280187 |
| [the localization of the gene of the vaccinia virus that codes for the 36k major membrane protein]. | 1990 | 2289401 | |
| [vaccinia virus and rheumatoid arthritis]. | 1990 | 2292133 | |
| cleavage of proenkephalin by a chromaffin granule processing enzyme. | human proenkephalin generated by means of a recombinant vaccinia virus expression vector was used as the substrate for a putative processing enzyme obtained from bovine adrenal chromaffin granules. the adrenal enzyme successfully cleaved proenkephalin to generate low mol wt enkephalins as well as other enkephalin-containing intermediates. radioactively labeled proenkephalin prepared with this system was also cleaved; however, under identical conditions bovine proinsulin was not cleaved. these re ... | 1990 | 2294000 |
| superinfection exclusion of vaccinia virus in virus-infected cell cultures. | vaccinia virus-infected bsc 40 cells do not permit the replication of superinfecting vaccinia virus. the extent of superinfecting virus propagation depends on the time of superinfection; there is 90% exclusion by 4 hr after the initial infection, and more than 99% by 6 hr. when superinfection is attempted at 6 hr after infection, the superinfecting virus is incapable of carrying out dna replication or early gene transcription, demonstrating that an early event in the virus life cycle is inhibite ... | 1990 | 2294646 |
| fine structure mapping and phenotypic analysis of five temperature-sensitive mutations in the second largest subunit of vaccinia virus dna-dependent rna polymerase. | we have used plasmid clones spanning the region encoding the 132-kda subunit of the cowpox virus rna polymerase (cpv rpo 132) to marker rescue each of five vaccinia virus (vv) temperature sensitive (ts) mutants, ts 27, ts 29, ts 32, ts 47, and ts 62, which together constitute a single complementation group. the experiments fine-map the vaccinia mutations to a 1.3-kb region containing the 3' end of the cpv rpo 132 gene. phenotypic characterization shows that all five mutants are affected to varyi ... | 1990 | 2294648 |
| elevated natural killer cell responses in mice infected with recombinant vaccinia virus encoding murine il-2. | the role of cytotoxic t cells and nk cells in the recovery of immunodeficient, athymic, nude mice infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) encoding murine il-2 was investigated. kinetic studies with the il-2-encoding recombinant (vv-ha-il2) and control (vv-ha-tk) viruses excluded a role for cytotoxic t cells but suggested the possible involvement of nk cells. in athymic nude mice given vv-ha-il2, nk activity was at least threefold higher than mice infected with vv-ha-tk and this activity ... | 1990 | 2295796 |
| temperature-sensitive vaccinia virus mutants identify a gene with an essential role in viral replication. | vaccinia virus mutants ts2 and ts25, members of the same complementation group, exhibit a temperature-dependent arrest at the stage of viral dna replication. the lesions responsible for the mutant phenotypes have been localized to the far left region of the hindiii b genomic fragment by marker rescue studies. hybrid selection analyses established that the dna fragments positive for rescue represented the first open reading frame of the hindiii b fragment and encoded a 30-kilodalton protein. the ... | 1990 | 2296077 |
| mechanism of the synergistic antiviral and cytostatic activity of (rs)-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid isobutyl ester and d,l-homocysteine. | in a previous report (de clercq e, cools m and balzarini j, biochem pharmacol 38: 1771-1778, 1989) we showed that homocysteine (hcy) enhanced the antiviral and cytostatic activity of s-adenosylhomocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase inhibitors. the mechanism of synergistic action between hcy and the isobutyl ester of (rs)-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid [(rs)-ahpa] has been the subject of the present study. the selectivity index of (rs)-ahpa against vaccinia virus in murine l929 cells was signif ... | 1990 | 2297354 |
| correlation between cutaneous reaction in vaccinees immunized against smallpox and antibody titer determined by plaque neutralization test and elisa. | the correlation between skin reaction, exhibited by vaccinees immunized against smallpox, and antibody titer determined by plaque neutralization and elisa, was evaluated. twenty eight out of 35 young adults (vaccinated at infancy and at the age of 8 years), who were injected with vaccinia virus, displayed a major skin reaction a week later. an increase of four-folds and more, in antibody titer against vaccinia virus, is generally considered positive immunization take-up against smallpox. accordi ... | 1990 | 2297392 |
| tolbutamide and mephenytoin hydroxylation by human cytochrome p450s in the cyp2c subfamily. | previous biochemical studies have suggested that tolbutamide and mephenytoin are metabolized by the same cytochrome p450 enzyme. conversely, clinical studies indicate the involvement of different p450 forms in tolbutamide and mephenytoin metabolism. our objective was to elucidate further those p450 enzymes responsible for hydroxylation of these two drugs. we studied both tolbutamide and (s)-mephenytoin hydroxylation in microsomes from 38 different normal adult human livers, and found large varia ... | 1990 | 2299601 |
| oligomeric structure of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 envelope glycoprotein. | the envelope (env) glycoprotein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1) consists of two noncovalently associated subunits, gp120 and gp41, that are formed gradient sedimentation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, gradient sedimentation, polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and chemical cross-linking, we show that gp160 is synthesized as a monomer and subsequently forms stable homodimers. the molecule remains dimeric after cleavage to gp120/gp41 but is less stable to detergent solubilizat ... | 1990 | 2300552 |
| amino-terminal domain of nf1 binds to dna as a dimer and activates adenovirus dna replication. | nf1 is a dna-binding protein involved in initiation of adenovirus dna replication as well as in modulating the rate of transcription initiation of genes containing the sequence tggca. we show here that recombinant nf1 expressed via vaccinia virus is transported into the nucleus and binds to its cognate sequences with the same specificity as nf1 purified from hela cells. furthermore, the recombinant nf1 forms oligomers in solution and binds as a dimer to palindromic as well as half-site sequences ... | 1990 | 2303041 |
| class i h-2d-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes recognize the neuraminidase glycoprotein of influenza virus subtype n1. | class i major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) that recognize the neuraminidase (na) glycoprotein of subtype n1 influenza a viruses have been demonstrated in balb/c mice. responses to na were obtained only in protocols that use two in vivo inoculations of virus, including a recombinant vaccinia virus containing the na of subtype n1 influenza virus (na-vac) to prime or boost. restimulation in vitro was also required for ctl recognition of na and strongly depende ... | 1990 | 2304137 |
| fusion function of the semliki forest virus spike is activated by proteolytic cleavage of the envelope glycoprotein precursor p62. | the precursor protein p62 of the prototype alphavirus semliki forest virus (sfv) undergoes during transport to the cell surface a proteolytic cleavage to form the mature envelope glycoprotein e2. to investigate the biological significance of this cleavage event, single amino acid substitutions were introduced at the cleavages site through mutagenesis of cdna corresponding to the structural region of the sfv genome. the phenotypes of the cleavage site mutants were studied in bhk cells by using re ... | 1990 | 2304141 |
| transgenic mice expressing a soluble foreign h-2 class i antigen are tolerant to allogeneic fragments presented by self class i but not to the whole membrane-bound alloantigen. | the properties of transmembrane and soluble transplantation antigens were compared with respect to the induction of tolerance and the selection of the t-cell repertoire. for this purpose, transgenic (h-2b x h-2d)f1 mice were constructed that carry integrated copies of a modified h-2kk gene resulting in the secretion from various cell types including thymocytes of soluble h-2kk molecules. despite the presence of h-2kk antigen, these mice were still able to generate an h-2kk-specific t-cell respon ... | 1990 | 2308936 |
| transcription of orthopoxvirus telomeres at late times during infection. | the telomeres of orthopoxvirus dnas consists largely of short repeated sequences organized into at least two separate sets. although the sequence composition of the orthopoxvirus telomeres is highly conserved, these regions do not appear to encode any proteins. at late times during infection, the telomeres of vaccinia virus are transcribed. a promoter in the region between the two sets of repeats directs transcription towards the hairpin-loop end of the viral dna. this promoter resembles the pro ... | 1990 | 2309453 |
| model for inactivation and disposal of infectious human immunodeficiency virus and radioactive waste in a bl3 facility. | a method is described for autoclaving low levels of solid infectious, radioactive waste. the method permits steam penetration to inactivate biologic waste, while any volatile radioactive compounds generated during the autoclave process are absorbed. inactivation of radiolabeled infectious waste has been problematic because the usual sterilization techniques result in unacceptable radiation handling practices. if autoclaved under the usual conditions, there exists a high probability of volatiliza ... | 1990 | 2310182 |
| attenuation and immunogenicity in primates of vaccinia virus recombinants expressing human interleukin-2. | vector-directed lymphokine expression represents a novel approach to the attenuation of live recombinant viruses which might be used as vaccines. expression of interleukin-2 (il-2) by recombinant vaccinia virus has been shown to significantly attenuate virus virulence in rodent species without diminishing immunogenicity. skin lesion formation and immunogenicity of vaccinia/il-2 recombinants in three species of primates was examined. il-2 expression was associated with a 15-fold reduction in the ... | 1990 | 2316280 |
| expression strategy of a phlebovirus: biogenesis of proteins from the rift valley fever virus m segment. | the middle (m) rna segment of rift valley fever virus (rvfv) encodes four proteins: the major viral glycoproteins g2 and g1, a 14-kilodalton (kda) protein, and a 78-kda protein. these proteins are derived from a single large open reading frame (orf) present in the virus-complementary m-segment mrna. we used recombinant vaccinia viruses in which sequences representing the m-segment orf were engineered as a surrogate system to study phlebovirus protein expression. to investigate the translational ... | 1990 | 2319645 |
| the 22,000-kilodalton protein of respiratory syncytial virus is a major target for kd-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocytes from mice primed by infection. | recombinant vaccinia viruses containing the 22-kilodalton protein (matrixlike or 22k protein) or phosphoprotein gene from respiratory syncytial virus were constructed. these recombinant viruses expressed proteins which were immunoprecipitated by appropriate respiratory syncytial virus antibodies and comigrated with authentic proteins produced by respiratory syncytial virus infection. the new recombinant viruses (and others previously described containing the attachment glycoprotein, fusion, or n ... | 1990 | 2319650 |
| the cyp2a3 gene product catalyzes coumarin 7-hydroxylation in human liver microsomes. | three cdnas, designated iia3, iia3v, and iia4, coding for p450s in the cyp2a gene subfamily were isolated from a lambda gt11 library prepared from human hepatic mrna. only three nucleotide differences and a single amino acid difference, leu160----his, were found between iia3 and iia3v, indicating that they are probably allelic variants. iia4 displayed 94% amino acid similarity with iia3 and iia3v. the three cdnas were inserted into vaccinia virus, and recombinant viruses were used to infect huma ... | 1990 | 2322567 |
| cytotoxic t lymphocytes do not control lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection of bb diabetes-prone rats. | biobreeding worcester diabetes-prone (bbdp) rats develop insulin-dependent autoimmune-driven diabetes mellitus spontaneously and intravenous administration of 1 x 10(7) p.f.u. of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv) to young adult mice prevents disease. the virus is lymphotropic, binding to and replicating in such cells. bbdp rats fail to generate virus-specific major histocompatibility complex-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses when challenged with this dose or other doses o ... | 1990 | 2324708 |
| identification and sequencing of the spheroidin gene of choristoneura biennis entomopoxvirus. | entomopoxviruses are a class of insect viruses whose virions are embedded in cytoplasmic occlusion bodies. the major component of these protective complexes is a protein called spheroidin. an open reading frame encoding the spheroidin gene of choristoneura biennis entomopoxvirus has been identified and sequenced in our laboratory. this protein coding region is 1023 nucleotides long and specifies a polypeptide of 38,500 da. spheroidin was purified by sds polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, electr ... | 1990 | 2327073 |
| identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding an 18-kilodalton subunit of rna polymerase and demonstration of a 5' poly(a) leader on its early transcript. | the dna-dependent rna polymerase of vaccinia virus contains 8 to 10 virus-encoded polypeptides. we have mapped the gene encoding an 18-kilodalton rna polymerase subunit to d7r, the seventh open reading frame of the hindiii d genomic subfragment. localization of this gene was achieved by using antibody to the purified rna polymerase for immunoprecipitation of the in vitro translation products of in vivo-synthesized early mrna selected by hybridization to cloned dna fragments. the identification w ... | 1990 | 2335825 |
| evaluation in chimpanzees of vaccinia virus recombinants that express the surface glycoproteins of human respiratory syncytial virus. | the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant vaccinia viruses that express the two major protective antigens of human respiratory syncytial virus (rsv), the f and g glycoproteins, were evaluated in chimpanzees. in previous studies in rodents and monkeys the f and g proteins expressed by the same recombinants were highly immunogenic and induced high levels of resistance to rsv replication following subsequent challenge. in contrast, in chimpanzees, a single intradermal immunization i ... | 1990 | 2336876 |
| ccd imaging of luciferase gene expression in single mammalian cells. | quantitative and sensitive imaging of chemiluminescence, bioluminescence and fluorescence emissions is emerging as an increasingly important technique for a range of biomedical applications (hooper et al., 1990). a brief review of low-light-level imaging is presented, with particular reference to charge-coupled devices (ccd). detectors for sensitive imaging are described and compared, including various ccds and photon-counting devices. image analysis techniques based on digital image processing, ... | 1990 | 2336972 |
| 2-methylpropyl ester of 3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid. mechanism of antiviral action in vaccinia virus-infected l929 cells. | alkyl esters of (rs)-3-(adenin-9-yl)-2-hydroxypropanoic acid (ahpa) were shown recently to be broad spectrum antiviral agents (de clercq e and holy a, j med chem 28: 282-287, 1985). it was postulated that these alkyl esters function as prodrugs by undergoing hydrolysis catalyzed by cellular esters to ahpa, a known inhibitor of s-adenosyl-l-homocysteine (adohcy) hydrolase. in this study, we describe the metabolic fate of the 2-methylpropyl ester of ahpa (ahpa-ibu) in murine l929 cells. when ahpa- ... | 1990 | 2337414 |
| role of dna replication in vaccinia virus gene expression: a naked template is required for transcription of three late trans-activator genes. | the dna replication requirement for vaccinia virus late gene expression was mimicked by transfecting a late promoter-controlled reporter gene into infected cells in the presence of a dna synthesis inhibitor. this late promoter activation block was overcome by cotransfecting either naked linear vaccinia virion dna or three cloned viral genes encoding trans-activator polypeptides of 17, 26, and 30 kd. these newly identified trans-activator genes were independently transcribed only from replicated ... | 1990 | 2344616 |
| the function of the vaccinia hemagglutinin in the proteolytic activation of infectivity. | the vaccinia virus hemagglutinin (ha) has specific affinity for the structural protein, vp37k. the nature of this affinity and its relationship to the function of the ha were analyzed using ha mutants. the vp37k reactive site of the ha molecule is located in its transmembrane region, and the vaccinia virus ha associates with the viral particle via the vp37k-ha affinity. the viruses possessing an ha with fusion inhibitor activity were largely of the low infectivity form, whereas the viruses that ... | 1990 | 2345962 |
| transcription and sequence studies of a 4.3-kbp fragment from a ds-dna eukaryotic algal virus. | a 4.3-kbp portion of the genome from the chlorella virus, pbcv-1, has been cloned and sequenced. minimally, five open reading frames (orfs) were identified on this fragment. transcriptional analysis indicates that each orf encodes complex patterns of rna. the total length of transcribed rna exceeds that of the orf indicating either post-transcriptional modification or multiple transcriptional start/stop sites. the sequence tttttnt, previously described as the transcriptional stop site for the ea ... | 1990 | 2345963 |
| [expression of antigens of the tick-borne encephalitis virus by various recombinant variants of the vaccinia virus]. | 1990 | 2347288 | |
| anchoring a vaccinia virus promoter in the nucleus prevents its trans-activation by viral infection. | the vaccinia virus 7.5 kda constitutive promoter, when fused to a reporter gene and recombined into the genome of l cells, is not activatable upon subsequent infection with vaccinia virus. however, the same promoter is actively transcribed during transient cytoplasmic transfection procedures or within the context of the viral genome. this suggests that the intact vaccinia transcriptional machinery either does not enter the nucleus or, if it does, is unable to interact with cellular chromatin. | 1990 | 2349786 |
| the phosphorylation of the integral membrane (m1) protein of influenza virus. | the phosphorylation of the internal and integral membrane (m1) protein of influenza virus was studied. four points can be made based on the data: (1) the m1 contains at least two moles of phosphate per mole of m1. (2) phosphorylation of m1 is conserved between influenza a, b and c viruses. other characteristics of the m1 are also conserved, such as solubility in organic solvent, heterogeneity and ability to partition into lipid vesicles. (3) m1 is phosphorylated in cells infected with a vaccinia ... | 1990 | 2349833 |
| comparison of inactivated, live and recombinant dna vaccines against influenza virus in a mouse model. | the protective efficacy of influenza hemagglutinin expressed from recombinant vaccinia virus was compared with that induced by inactivated or infectious influenza vaccines. intraperitoneal and intranasal routes of vaccination were compared. all the vaccines except the intranasally administered, inactivated vaccine induced detectable levels of neutralizing and hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the serum of mice at 28 days postvaccination. immunization with any of the intranasally administ ... | 1990 | 2349834 |
| biological and immunological characterization of influenza virus haemagglutinin expressed from the haemagglutinin locus of vaccinia virus. | plasmid vectors were constructed to facilitate the insertion and expression of a foreign gene in the haemagglutinin (ha) gene locus of vaccinia virus. five unique cloning sites adjacent to the p7.5 promoter of vaccinia virus permit the rapid insertion of a foreign sequence coding for a protein into these plasmids. this vector system provides a simple procedure to select recombinant viruses because they can be readily identified on the basis of their ha-defective phenotype. recombinant vaccinia v ... | 1990 | 2351957 |
| resolution of poxvirus telomeres: processing of vaccinia virus concatemer junctions by conservative strand exchange. | the replication of vaccinia virus proceeds through concatemeric intermediates which are resolved into unit-length dna. in vaccinia virus-infected cells, plasmids containing the vaccinia virus dna junction fragment that connects concatemers are resolved into linear minichromosomes of vector dna flanked by hairpin loops. resolution requires two copies of a specific nucleotide sequence conserved among poxviruses and found proximal to the hairpin loop. this study demonstrates that orientation of eac ... | 1990 | 2352329 |
| human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 and simian immunodeficiency virus env proteins possess a functionally conserved assembly domain. | the envelope (env) glycoproteins of human immunodeficiency viruses type 1 (hiv-1) and type 2 (hiv-2) form dimers shortly after synthesis. analysis of the simian immunodeficiency virus (siv) env protein expressed by a recombinant vaccinia virus revealed that it, too, forms stable homodimers. when the hiv-1 and siv env proteins or the hiv-1 and hiv-2 env proteins were coexpressed in the same cells, heterodimers were formed. thus, the env proteins of hiv-1, hiv-2, and siv possess a functionally con ... | 1990 | 2352332 |
| [development of a new system for selection of a. foetidus transformed with foreign genes by using thymidine kinase gene as a marker and expression of hbsag gene in a. foetidus]. | a new system for selection of transformed aspergillus foetidus was reported. in this system, tk- a. foetidus which were constructed by homologous recombination of mutated tk gene of vaccinia virus with tk gene of a. foetidus were screened by adding budr in agar plates. conditions for screen of tk+ a. foetidus strain, transformation of a. foetidus and selection of transformed tk- a. foetidus have been studied. by using this system, several transformed a. foetidus which contained hbsag gene derive ... | 1990 | 2360327 |
| the env protein of an infectious noncytopathic hiv-2 is deficient in syncytium formation. | a recent isolate of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (hiv-2) designated hiv-2st is deficient in its ability to cause the typical cytopathic effects of hiv infection. the pathogenic potential of hiv-2 in inducing human disease may be less than that of hiv-1, and it is of particular interest to establish the basis for the reduced cytopathogenicity of this isolate in vitro. utilizing recombinant vaccinia viruses (rvv) carrying the envelope genes (env) of hiv-2st or those of fully cytopathic hiv- ... | 1990 | 2364016 |
| structure and expression of the vaccinia virus gene which prevents virus-induced breakdown of rna. | three noncomplementing vaccinia virus temperature-sensitive mutants, ts4, ts22, and ts23, exhibit an abortive late phenotype characterized by the simultaneous cessation of protein synthesis, the breakdown of rrna and viral mrna, and an increase in intracellular concentrations of 2'-5'-linked oligoadenylates late during infection at the nonpermissive temperature (r.f. pacha and r.c. condit, j. virol. 56:395-403, 1985; r.j. cohrs, r.c. condit, r.f. pacha, c.l. thompson, and o.k. sharma, j. virol. ... | 1990 | 2370683 |
| the vaccinia virus hindiii k fragment encodes a novel protein belonging to the serpin superfamily. | the 1983-base pair nucleotide sequence of the ecori-hindiii fragment of vaccinia virus tiantan strain hindiii k clone is determined by the dideoxy chain termination method. a search in the nbrf protein sequence database using fasta and other microcomputer programs reveals that several proteins belonging to the serpin (serine protease inhibitor) superfamily have striking similarities to the protein encoded by the hindiii k1 orf. on the basis of the dot-matrix analysis and sequence alignment, the ... | 1990 | 2372373 |
| action of neurotropin on rat hypothalamic neurons in tissue slices. | to clarify some of the actions of neurotropin (nsp), intra- and extracellular measurements were made of 140 paraventricular (pvn) and 48 ventromedial nucleus (vmh) neurons in rat hypothalamic tissue slices in vitro while perfusing nsp, an extract from the inflamed skin of rabbits inoculated with vaccinia virus, through the recording chamber. nsp mostly decreased activity in pvn neurons (inhibition, 46; excitation, 27; excitation-inhibition, 5; no response, 62), and mostly increased it in vmh neu ... | 1990 | 2372698 |
| active specific immunotherapy with vaccinia colon oncolysate enhances the immunomodulatory and antitumor effects of interleukin-2 and interferon alpha in a murine hepatic metastasis model. | the role of cytokines as primary or adjuvant antineoplastic agents has been well established. interleukin-2 (il-2) and the interferons have, particularly, proven to be effective antitumor agents when given alone, and seem to act synergistically on the eradication of metastases from immunogenic tumors. active specific immunotherapy, in the form of viral oncolysates, has also shown effectiveness in cancer therapy. bearing this in mind, we decided to combine these agents in an adjuvant triple regim ... | 1990 | 2376048 |
| new vaccinia virus recombination plasmids incorporating a synthetic late promoter for high level expression of foreign proteins. | 1990 | 2377486 | |
| a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing hepatitis b virus middle surface protein. restricted expression of hbv antigens in human diploid cells. | several vaccinia virus recombinants inducing the synthesis of the middle surface (m) protein of hepatitis b virus (hbv) were constructed. one of them, denoted v137, was examined in some detail. the virus replicated nearly to the same extent in various cell lines, viz. human embryo diploid fibroblast lep and mrc-5 cells, rabbit embryo fibroblast ref cells, tk- rat rat-2 cells, and green monkey cv-1 cells. however, the production of m protein was found considerably lower in the human lep and mrc-5 ... | 1990 | 2378567 |
| [application of recombinant vaccinia vaccine; a recommendation from the public health council]. | 1990 | 2385295 | |
| vaccinia virus expression and sequence of an avian influenza nucleoprotein gene: potential use in diagnosis. | the nucleoprotein (np) gene from avian influenza strain a/shearwater/aust/1/72 (h6n5) was cloned, sequenced, and expressed in vaccinia virus for the production of potent sera in immunised rabbits. the np gene is 1565 bp and shares greater than 95% amino acid sequence identity with other nps of the avian subtype. the recombinant np expressed by vaccinia virus comigrated with endogenous a/shearwater/aust/1/72 np by western blot analysis. polyclonal rabbit sera raised against recombinant np was eva ... | 1990 | 2386434 |
| an endogenous processing pathway in vaccinia virus-infected cells for presentation of cytoplasmic antigens to class ii-restricted t cells. | the recognition of virus-infected cells by class i mhc-restricted cytotoxic t cells requires endogenous processing of antigen for presentation. it is still unclear whether endogenous processing of antigen can be utilized by class ii mhc molecules for presentation. to test this possibility, a human b cell line expressing hla-a2 and hla-dr1 was infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing the influenza a virus m1 matrix protein (vac-m1) and was assayed for lysis by different m1-specific c ... | 1990 | 2388037 |
| sequence and evolutionary relationships of african swine fever virus thymidine kinase. | the thymidine kinase gene of african swine fever virus was mapped in a 1.4-kb ecori-psti fragment located in the left half of the eco ri k fragment of african swine fever virus dna by using degenerate oligonucleotide probes derived from regions of the thymidine kinase sequence conserved in several poxviruses, man, mouse, and chicken. the nucleotide sequence of this region revealed an open reading frame of 196 codons, whose translated amino acid sequence showed significant similarity to the thymi ... | 1990 | 2389555 |
| vaccinia virus induces cell fusion at acid ph and this activity is mediated by the n-terminus of the 14-kda virus envelope protein. | the mechanism by which the large-size poxviruses enter animal cells is not known. in this investigation we show that acid ph treatment of wild-type vaccinia virus-infected cells triggers strong fusion of cells in culture, with an optimum at ph 4.8. we have identified the virus-induced fusion protein as a 14-kda envelope protein, based on the ability of a 14-kda specific monoclonal antibody (mabc3) to block vaccinia virus-induced fusion-from-within and fusion-from-without. we provide genetic evid ... | 1990 | 2389560 |
| [stimulating action of the vaccinia virus on the development of spontaneous and induced neoplasms in mice]. | vaccinia virus was shown to exert a stimulating effect on the emergence of spontaneous neoplasia and rauscher virus-induced hemoblastoses in balb/cjlacsto mice. the mechanism of the stimulating effect is discussed. | 1990 | 2389566 |
| activation of promutagens by human cdna-expressed cytochrome p450s. | 1990 | 2392453 | |
| fusion of intra- and extracellular forms of vaccinia virus with the cell membrane. | the membrane fusion activities of the isolated single-envelope intracellular form of vaccinia virus (inv) and the double-envelope extracellular (eev) form were studied by using a lipid-mixing assay based on the dilution of a fluorescent probe. fluorescently labeled inv and eev from both the ihd-j and wr strains of vaccinia virus fused with hela cells at neutral ph, suggesting that fusion occurs with the plasma membrane during virus entry. eev fused more efficiently and with faster kinetics than ... | 1990 | 2398531 |
| mutational analysis of the resolution sequence of vaccinia virus dna: essential sequence consists of two separate at-rich regions highly conserved among poxviruses. | in replicative forms of vaccinia virus dna, the unit genomes are connected by palindromic junction fragments that are resolved into mature viral genomes with hairpin termini. bacterial plasmids containing the junction fragment for vaccinia virus or shope fibroma virus were converted into linear minichromosomes of vector sequence flanked by poxvirus hairpin loops after transfection into infected cells. analysis of a series of symmetrical deletion mutations demonstrated that in vaccinia virus the ... | 1990 | 2398534 |
| identification of rpo30, a vaccinia virus rna polymerase gene with structural similarity to a eucaryotic transcription elongation factor. | eucaryotic transcription factors that stimulate rna polymerase ii by increasing the efficiency of elongation of specifically or randomly initiated rna chains have been isolated and characterized. we have identified a 30-kilodalton (kda) vaccinia virus-encoded protein with apparent homology to sii, a 34-kda mammalian transcriptional elongation factor. in addition to amino acid sequence similarities, both proteins contain c-terminal putative zinc finger domains. identification of the gene, rpo30, ... | 1990 | 2398897 |
| a myxoma virus nucleotide sequence with homology to the vaccinia virus rna polymerase 22-kda subunit gene. | 1990 | 2402456 | |
| intracellular transport of recombinant coronavirus spike proteins: implications for virus assembly. | coronavirus spike protein genes were expressed in vitro by using the recombinant vaccinia virus expression system. recombinant spike proteins were expressed at the cell surface and induced cell fusion in a host-cell-dependent fashion. the intracellular transport of recombinant spike proteins was studied. the half time of acquisition of resistance to endo-beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase h was approximately 3 h for the recombinant feline infectious peritonitis virus s protein. the s protein in feline ... | 1990 | 2403441 |
| a synthetic hiv-1 protease inhibitor with antiviral activity arrests hiv-like particle maturation. | a synthetic peptidemimetic substrate of the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (hiv-1) protease with a nonhydrolyzable pseudodipeptidyl insert at the protease cleavage site was prepared. the peptide u-81749 inhibited recombinant hiv-1 protease in vitro (inhibition constant ki of 70 nanomolar) and hiv-1 replication in human peripheral blood lymphocytes (inhibitory concentration ic50 of 0.1 to 1 micromolar). moreover, 10 micromolar concentrations of u-81749 significantly inhibited proteolysis of the h ... | 1990 | 2405486 |
| virus-specific early antigen expressed in the nucleus of cowpox virus-infected cells. | two monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were obtained from balb/c mice immunized with cowpox virus (cpv)-infected cells cultured in the presence of cytosine-1-beta-d-arabinofuranosyl-hcl (ara c). in the immunofluorescence test, the specific antigen reacting with these mabs was restricted almost entirely to the nucleus in cpv-infected cells in the presence of ara c at any time. on the other hand, in cpv-infected cells in the absence of ara c, the antigen was first detectable within the nucleus 2 h after ... | 1990 | 2406369 |
| primary multiplication site of the vaccinia-rabies glycoprotein recombinant virus administered to foxes by the oral route. | the primary multiplication site of vvtggrab, a recombinant vaccinia virus (vv) expressing the rabies virus g glycoprotein, was studied in comparison with that of the parental vv copenhagen strain, after oral administration to foxes. foxes were fed with 10(8) tcid50 of either vvtggrab or vv and were sacrificed 12, 24, 48 or 96 h after inoculation. both viruses were detected by viral isolation in the tonsils during the first 48 h after inoculation at titres between 10(2) and 10(4.3) tcid50/ml. ind ... | 1990 | 2406370 |
| poxvirus-based vectors as vaccine candidates. | the advent of recombinant dna techniques and advances in immunology have provided a means for dissecting the immunobiology of disease-causing agents. identification and expression of individual genes from the pathogens in heterologous systems, such as vv, have yielded valuable information regarding structural properties of the gene products and their role in eliciting protective immunity. targets of both humoral and/or cellular immunity for many disease-causing agents have been identified or con ... | 1990 | 2407263 |
| the use of polylysine during negative staining of viral suspensions. | the use of 0.1% aqueous solution of polylysine (poly-l-lysine) is proposed as a prior step to negative staining of viral or particle suspensions. particles spread better on films precoated with polylysine than with other substances used for the same purpose. this applies particularly to samples from sucrose or cscl gradients. the use of negative contrast substances is discussed. | 1985 | 2409100 |
| purification and characterization of vaccinia virus growth factor. | a growth factor detected in the medium of vaccinia-virus-infected cells was purified to homogeneity. sequence analysis shows it to be a processed form of a polypeptide encoded in the vaccinia virus genome which is related to epidermal growth factor (egf) and alpha-transforming growth factor (alpha tgf). the amino terminus of the processed vaccinia virus growth factor (vvgf) begins at residue 20 of the primary translation product, indicating a signal sequence has been removed. the amino acid comp ... | 1985 | 2410141 |
| antiviral and antiproliferative properties of interferons: mechanism of action. | 1985 | 2410953 | |
| nih conference. herpes simplex virus infection: biology, treatment, and prevention. | herpes simplex viruses cause common mucocutaneous infections, but many aspects of their epidemiology and transmission are incompletely defined. although the incidence of oral herpes remains relatively unchanged, the incidence of genital herpes is increasing significantly. definitive diagnosis of herpes remains dependent on virus isolation, but techniques involving direct examination of clinical specimens are increasingly sensitive and may simplify and speed diagnosis. with the advent of acyclovi ... | 1985 | 2411179 |
| enhancement of non-specific resistance to viral infection by muramyldipeptide and its analogs. | antiviral activity of muramyldipeptide (mdp) and its lipophilic derivatives, b30-mdp and mdp-lys(l18), was investigated in mice infected with vaccinia virus (vv) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2). mice administered these compounds subcutaneously or orally were protected against vv in tail lesion tests and against hsv-2 in skin lesion tests, respectively. since in vitro antiviral activity was not demonstrated with these compounds in cultured mammalian cells infected with either vv or hsv-2, ... | 1985 | 2412489 |
| novel 2',5'-oligoadenylates synthesized in interferon-treated, vaccinia virus-infected cells. | 2-5a[ppp(a2'p)na] and related materials accumulate to greater than micromolar concentrations in vaccinia virus-infected hela cells and in interferon-treated, vaccinia-infected hela, cv1, and l929 cells even when virus replication is not inhibited. a variably complex mixture of authentic 2-5a (n = 2 to 4), nonphosphorylated cores [(a2'p)na; n = 2 to 5], and additional compounds of unknown structure was observed. | 1985 | 2415713 |
| new technology for prevention and control of infectious bovine respiratory diseases. | recent advances in molecular biology, genetics, and immunochemistry have provided the basis for a new generation of vaccines, diagnostic tools, and prophylactic substances for the prevention of infectious diseases in cattle. this article describes how these new technologies are being applied to veterinary medicine and their potential in bovine respiratory diseases caused by infectious agents. | 1985 | 2416411 |
| identification of antigenic determinants by polyclonal and hybridoma antibodies induced during the course of infection by vaccinia virus. | in order to extend the understanding of determinants involved in the humoral response in the infected host, mice were subjected to an immunization regimen using both active and uv-killed vaccinia virus. the spectrum of antibody specificity in hyperimmune sera was followed by western blotting. comparable studies involving western blotting and immunofluorescence were conducted with a panel of monoclonal antibodies derived from hybridomas selected from similarly immunized animals. hyperimmune sera ... | 1986 | 2417414 |
| new aspects of vaccine development. | 1985 | 2417761 | |
| comparative studies on (2'-5')oligoadenylate-related enzyme systems and the antiviral effect of interferon in two mouse cell lines which differ in (2'-5')oligoadenylate sensitivity of their protein synthesizing system. | effect of (2'-5')oligoadenylate (2-5a) on cellular and viral protein and rna syntheses was investigated with two mouse cell lines, l929 and lz (a subclone of l929). the oligonucleotide was introduced into the cells either by using calcium phosphate coprecipitation technique or by microinjection method. in l929 cells protein and viral rna syntheses were severely inhibited by 2-5a, whereas in lz cells, both were only slightly inhibited. the activities of 2-5a synthetase and double-stranded (ds)rna ... | 1985 | 2418128 |
| enhancement by muramyldipeptides of the activities of early-type inducers of interferon. | a synthetic muramyldipeptide (mdp) and two analogues, b30-mdp and mdp-lys(l18), augmented serum interferon (ifn) production in mice by the inducers lipopolysaccharide (lps) and polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), and also augmented immune ifn production induced by purified protein derivative (ppd) in mycobacteria-sensitized mice. these compounds were most effective when administered to mice one day before the interferon inducer. by contrast, ifn production in mice by either oral til ... | 1985 | 2418780 |
| the 2-5a system and vaccinia virus. | 1985 | 2421306 | |
| interferon induced inhibition of enveloped viruses. | 1985 | 2421308 | |
| lymphocyte recruitment in vaccinia virus-induced cutaneous delayed-type hypersensitivity. | our goal was to study the small lymphocytes that were recruited to cutaneous dth lesions in order to determine if there existed a subset of small lymphocytes which preferentially migrated into cutaneous inflammatory sites rather than into lymphoid tissues. lymphocytes were radiolabelled and injected i.v. into sensitized recipient rats on which dth lesions were induced by the i.d. injection of vaccinia virus. small lymphocytes, from unstimulated and antigen-stimulated lns, migrated in large numbe ... | 1986 | 2423440 |
| [viral vaccines produced by gene technology and synthesis]. | the gradual evolution of vaccine development from jenner's smallpox vaccine to recombinant genetechnology has provided the basis for prophylactic control of a lot of important infectious diseases of humans and animals. modern biotechnology has accomplished antigen identification and isolation of antigen determinants as well as the preparation of proteins and synthetic peptides. the application of such techniques has failed, however, to develop a better vaccine in case of fmd-virus. present effor ... | 1986 | 2424142 |
| vaccinia-mediated rescue of encephalomyocarditis virus from the inhibitory effects of interferon. | coinfection of mouse l cells with vaccinia virus rescues encephalomyocarditis virus (emc) from the inhibitory effect of interferon (ifn). the vaccinia-mediated rescue of emc growth increases the yield of emc as much as 1000-fold and is optimum when vaccinia is used at a multiplicity of infection of 1. this rescue correlates with a vaccinia-dependent stimulation of emc gene expression. evidence is presented to indicate that the rescue by vaccinia does not involve a block of the 2'-5'a synthetase ... | 1986 | 2424172 |
| fine specificity and antigen receptor expression among influenza virus-specific cytolytic t lymphocyte clones. | influenza virus stimulates a vigorous cytolytic t lymphocyte (ctl) response in the mouse that is directed to several virion polypeptides. this report examines the fine specificity of a panel of murine influenza-specific ctl clones restricted by mhc class i products of the h-2d haplotype. ten of 22 a/japan/305/57-specific ctl clones analyzed were directed to the a/japan/305/57 hemagglutinin protein as detected by using target cells infected with a recombinant vaccinia virus containing hemagglutin ... | 1986 | 2424996 |
| novel hepatitis b vaccines. | development of vaccines against hepatitis b has proceeded along four main lines. human plasma-derived vaccines are safe, effective, and in general use. subunit polypeptide vaccines formulated in micelles have reached the stage of clinical trials. recombinant dna vaccines have been produced in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, notably in yeast. the yeast-derived recombinant vaccine has proved safe and effective in extensive clinical trials, eliciting antibodies of equal quantity and quality of sp ... | 1986 | 2427591 |
| role of interferon in lymphocyte recruitment into the skin. | large numbers of lymphocytes are recruited from the blood into sites of cutaneous dth reactions. our goal was to investigate the factors controlling this recruitment. 111in-labeled peritoneal exudate lymphocytes were injected iv and the accumulation of these cells in skin sites injected with a variety of stimuli, was used to measure lymphocyte recruitment in rats. large numbers of lymphocytes migrated into vaccinia- and klh-injected sites in sensitized animals, but only into the viral and not th ... | 1986 | 2428532 |
| hepatitis b virus large surface protein is not secreted but is immunogenic when selectively expressed by recombinant vaccinia virus. | the envelope region of the hepatitis b virus (hbv) genome contains an open reading frame that begins upstream of the major surface protein gene. the two minor proteins that are initiated within this pre-s segment are immunogenic and may be involved in virus attachment to hepatocytes. we have constructed a recombinant vaccinia virus that contains the predicted coding segment for the large surface protein (ls) under control of a vaccinia virus that contains the predicted coding segment for the lar ... | 1986 | 2430108 |
| cross-reactivity among cowpox, ectromelia and vaccinia viruses with monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in a-type inclusion bodies. | several monoclonal antibodies recognizing distinct antigenic determinants in a-type inclusion bodies (atib) induced by cowpox virus (cpv) were obtained to examine the cross-reactivity among various strains of poxviridae, comprising cpv, ectromelia virus (ev), vaccinia virus (vv) and shope fibroma virus (sfv). the monoclonal antibodies were classified into at least 3 groups on the basis of the results of an immunofluorescence test and immunoblotting; i. e., strain-specific, cpv and ev-specific an ... | 1986 | 2430550 |
| human and murine cytotoxic t cells specific to respiratory syncytial virus recognize the viral nucleoprotein (n), but not the major glycoprotein (g), expressed by vaccinia virus recombinants. | the viral antigens recognized by cytotoxic t cells (ctl) have not been defined in most viruses infecting mouse or man. natural or artificial virus recombinants can be used to determine the antigen specificity of ctl directed against viruses with segmented genomes, such as influenza, but this technique is more difficult to apply to the study of unsegmented viruses. we describe here the use of recombinant vaccinia viruses, containing cdna corresponding to either the nucleoprotein (n) gene or the m ... | 1986 | 2431051 |
| vaccinia virus growth factor stimulates tyrosine protein kinase activity of a431 cell epidermal growth factor receptors. | infection of a431 cells with vaccinia virus, or exposure to a mitogenic polypeptide secreted by vaccinia virus-infected cells, induces tyrosine phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptors. | 1986 | 2431267 |
| selective synthesis and secretion of particles composed of the hepatitis b virus middle surface protein directed by a recombinant vaccinia virus: induction of antibodies to pre-s and s epitopes. | selective synthesis in mammalian cells of the hepatitis b virus middle surface (ms) protein, which is 55 amino acids longer than the major surface (s) protein, was achieved by using a recombinant vaccinia virus. the 33-kilodalton ms polypeptide was glycosylated and secreted as particles that resembled human hepatitis b surface antigen as well as particles composed solely of s protein with regard to antigenicity, buoyant density, size, and electron micrographic appearance. the ms particles differ ... | 1987 | 2434666 |
| modification of vaccinia virus penetration proteins analyzed by monoclonal antibodies. | modifications induced in structural vaccinia virus proteins that elicit the high infectious state by virus activating treatments involving trypsin and phosphatidylserine were analyzed using antivaccinia monoclonal antibodies (mabs). mabs reactive against each of the five outer layer proteins (vp54k, 34k, 32k, 29k, and 17k-25k) neutralized infectivity. vp54k possesses at least two neutralizing epitopes. treatment with trypsin or with isolated plasma membrane cleaved vp54k into tvp41k carrying epi ... | 1987 | 2435058 |
| identification of the vaccinia virus gene encoding nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase i, a dna-dependent atpase. | vaccinia virus encapsidates a dna-dependent atpase known as nucleoside triphosphate phosphohydrolase i (nph i). a bacteriophage lambda gt11 expression library of poxvirus dna was screened with antibodies specific for nph i. positive clones were used to probe restriction fragments of vaccinia virus genomic dna to locate the nph i gene. the identity of the open reading frame (orf) was confirmed by placing it downstream of a bacteriophage t7 promoter, transcribing the orf in vitro, and translating ... | 1987 | 2437324 |
| reduced steady-state levels of vaccinia virus-specific early mrnas in interferon-treated chick embryo fibroblasts. | the molecular mechanism of interferon action on vaccinia virus-specific immediate early protein synthesis was studied in interferon-treated chick cells. in line with previous observations, the synthesis of total vaccinia wr virus-specific mrna, thymidine kinase (tk) mrna, and several other early mrnas was detectable by short [3h]uridine pulses. under conditions of over 90% inhibition of poxvirus-specific tk induction, accumulation of tk mrna was strongly inhibited. northern blot analysis reveale ... | 1987 | 2437697 |
| the mechanism of the antiviral effect of interferon differs in two strains of a rabbit kidney cell line. | two variant strains of a rabbit kidney cell line, rk-13, differ markedly in their interferon (ifn)-mediated antiviral mechanism. both strains are permissive for the growth of vesicular stomatitis (vsv) and vaccinia viruses. following treatment with 100 u/ml of rabbit ifn, both cell strains restrict vsv yield about a 1000-fold; vaccinia is not inhibited by ifn in either cell strain. however, vaccinia is able to rescue vsv from the inhibitory effects of ifn in one strain (rk-13), but not in the ot ... | 1987 | 2438358 |
| vaccinia virus expression vectors. | 1987 | 2439103 | |
| the mode of action of interferons in viral infections and their possible role in the control of hepatitis b. | interferons can alter the course of virus infections by inhibiting virus replication at the intracellular level and by modifying the aspecific and specific immune response to viral antigens in body fluids and on cellular surfaces. treatment of isolated cells with interferon renders them resistant to infections by viruses belonging to virtually any family. knowledge of the mechanism of this effect is derived from studies employing both dna (especially vaccinia virus and sv40) and rna-viruses (esp ... | 1986 | 2439572 |
| rapid decrease in the levels of the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase during virus infections. | the double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase from human cells is a 68,000 molecular weight protein (p68 kinase), the level of which is enhanced significantly in cells treated with interferon. with a monoclonal antibody specific for p68 kinase, here we show the phosphorylation and steady-state levels of p68 kinase during virus infection. the p68 kinase is phosphorylated in interferon-treated cells during infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), and v ... | 1987 | 2440179 |
| a 14k envelope protein of vaccinia virus with an important role in virus-host cell interactions is altered during virus persistence and determines the plaque size phenotype of the virus. | the phenomenon of genetic variability and attenuation or virulence of poxviruses is poorly understood. we have identified mutants of vaccinia virus from untreated and interferon (ifn)-treated persistently infected friend erythroleukemia (fel) cells that have major alterations in the size of a virus structural protein. this protein is part of the virus envelope as documented with specific monoclonal antibody (mabc3). this protein, under reducing conditions, has a molecular weight of about 14,000 ... | 1987 | 2441522 |
| mouse h-2k-restricted cytotoxic t cells recognize antigenic determinants in both the ha1 and ha2 subunits of the influenza a/pr/8/34 hemagglutinin. | we have constructed two chimeric influenza hemagglutinin (ha) genes in which the ha1 and ha2 subunits of the ha molecule have been interchanged between influenza a/pr/8/34 (h1 subtype) and a/nt/60/68 (h3 subtype). these genes were used to construct recombinant vaccinia viruses that expressed intact chimeric ha. these recombinant viruses were used to test whether murine ctl recognize antigenic determinants in either the ha1, ha2, or both subunits. we found that both subunits of the ha molecule co ... | 1987 | 2442286 |
| differential ability of tumor-unique and cross-reactive antigen(s) on two murine hepatoma cell lines to induce lyt-1+2- t cells responsible for in vivo protective immunity. | the role of the tumor-unique determinant(s) on two syngeneic murine hepatoma cells in inducing in vivo protective immunity was investigated in comparison with that of the tumor-cross-reactive determinant(s). induction of vaccinia-reactive helper t cells in c3h/he mice by intraperitoneal (i.p.) inoculation of viable vaccinia virus and then immunization with vaccinia-infected syngeneic mh134 or mh129 tumor cells resulted in the production of potent anti-mh134 or -mh129 antibody as well as the gene ... | 1987 | 2445335 |