Publications

anti-influenza a activity of combinations of amantadine and ribavirin in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium.	the anti-influenza a activities of amantadine and ribavirin were investigated separately and in combination. ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium was continuously exposed to the drugs at concentrations (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg/l) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration. each drug alone produced a modest delay in a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) induced cytopathic effect. the combination of drugs synergistically delayed cytopathic effect. at 1 mg/l of each, cytopathic effect was prevent ...	1983	6826488
interference following dual inoculation with influenza a (h3n2) and (h1n1) viruses in ferrets and volunteers.	the effects of simultaneous inoculation with two attenuated influenza a viruses was studied in ferrets and volunteers. groups of ferrets were inoculated with an influenza a (h3n2) or (h1n1), virus or a combination of both viruses: the temperature response, serum and local antibody response, and the change in nasal wash protein concentration was determined. the results showed that both viruses were attenuated for ferrets, and that inoculation with both viruses together did not cause clinical reac ...	1983	6834013
photoreceptor fine structure in the domestic ferret.	the morphology of the retinal photoreceptors has been studied in the domestic ferret by electron microscopy. 2 types of photoreceptor are present and are differentiated morphologically into the classical categories of rods and cones. rods are longer, more slender and more numerous than the cones. the rod outer segment is uniform in diameter along its entire length while the cone outer segment tapers distally. cone outer segments are short and large apical processes from the pigment epithelium ex ...	1983	6837923
anterior hypothalamic lesions and pubertal development in female rhesus monkeys.	electrolytic lesions were made in the anterior hypothalamus of 8 prepubertal female rhesus monkeys, aged 1.1-1.7 years. six unoperated females served as controls. no effects were found of the lesions upon age and body weight at menarche or at first ovulation, as estimated by blood levels of progesterone and laparoscopic observations. from these findings it appears that the neural control of puberty in the female rhesus may not be exerted through the anterior hypothalamus, in contrast with the ra ...	1983	6838715
force-length relations in cardiac muscle segments.	using a new technique that measures the length of a segment in the central region of isolated papillaries, we have determined the force-segment length relation for ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees c. the muscles contracted under muscle length isometric (auxotonic) and segment isometric conditions in physiological solutions containing 9.0, 4.5, 2.25, and 1.125 mm ca2+. force-segment length relations obtained from auxotonic and segment isometric contractions were identical in a given ca2+ co ...	1983	6846558
myocardial segment velocity at a low load: time, length, and calcium dependence.	the length and time dependence of shortening velocity (vl) at a very light load (1 mn) was determined for central segments of ferret papillary muscle at 27 degrees c. a recently developed technique that measures the cross-sectional area of the chosen segment was used to assess segment length. segment length (sl) or force could be used as a feedback control signal. vl was determined by releasing the muscle to a 1-mn load (less than or equal to 3% maximum force) at various times during a segment i ...	1983	6846559
maturation in the ferret ileal epithelium and the effect of cortisone acetate.	normal maturation ('closure') in the ferret ileal epithelium occurs, between 35 and 39 days after birth, by a process of cellular replacement. the administration of cortisone acetate at doses up to 1.2 mg/g body weight for 5 days failed to promote any morphological changes in the ileal epithelium in this non-rodent species, and the results suggest that the maturing effect of cortisone acetate in the rat might be peculiar to the rodents.	1983	6853352
characterization of estradiol receptors in brain cytosols from perinatal ferrets.	studies were undertaken to characterize the binding of [3h]estradiol ([3h]e2) to blood plasma and to brain cytosols collected from perinatal ferrets of both sexes. a dialysis experiment showed that the binding capacity of plasma for [3h]e2 was low in neonatal ferrets. saturable, high-affinity binding of [3h]e2 to cytosols prepared from ferret hypothalamus + preoptic area (h + poa), basal temporal lobe, and midbrain + brainstem (sexes pooled) was demonstrated 5 days prior to the date of expected ...	1983	6857750
the ancestral karyotype of carnivora: comparison with that of platyrrhine monkeys.	the karyotypes of six species of carnivora (mungos mungo, paradoxurus hermaphroditus, potos flavus, mustela furo, felis serval, and halichoerus grypus), representative of five different families, were studied and compared. correspondence between almost all chromosome segments was found, and a presumed ancestral karyotype of carnivora is proposed. analogies to human chromosomes are also given, and the results obtained are in excellent agreement with previously published gene mapping data on man a ...	1983	6861525
the effects of maternal influenzal viraemia in late gestation on the conceptus of the pregnant ferret.	pregnant ferrets were inoculated intra-cardially on day 30 of gestation with influenza virus. the animals were sacrificed on days 5 to 11 after inoculation and the products of conception including the uterus were examined virologically and histopathologically. the results indicate that the initial site of infection of the conceptus is the haemophagous organ and that spread occurs from this site to the endometrium, placental labyrinth and fetus. lesions in the fetus are confined to the liver and ...	1983	6864368
normal differentiation of masculine sexual behavior in male ferrets despite neonatal inhibition of brain aromatase or 5-alpha-reductase activity.	male ferrets born in the laboratory received subcutaneous silastic capsules containing either the aromatase inhibitor, androst-1,4,6-triene-3, 17-dione (atd), the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, testosterone-17 beta-carboxylic acid (17 beta c), or no hormone, for 15 days beginning on the day of birth; an additional group of females received empty silastic capsules. all ferrets were gonadectomized when 11 weeks of age and were subsequently tested for masculine sexual behavior after a latin-square se ...	1983	6866214
ferret as a potential reservoir for human campylobacteriosis.	a survey was conducted to determine the frequency of campylobacter fetus subsp jejuni in feces of ferrets purchased for use in biomedical research. over a 12-month period, 168 ferrets from 2 commercial breeders were examined by bacteriologic cultural procedures for campylobacter spp; 61% were culturally positive for c fetus subsp jejuni. in a therapeutic trial with 16 ferrets shedding c fetus subsp jejuni in feces, erythromycin given orally failed to eliminate intestinal carriage of the organism ...	1983	6870007
vasoactive intestinal peptide stimulates tracheal submucosal gland secretion in ferret.	we studied the effect of vasoactive intestinal peptide (vip) on the output of 35s-labeled macromolecules from ferret tracheal explants either placed in beakers or suspended in modified ussing chambers. in ussing chamber experiments, the radiolabel precursor, sodium [35s]sulfate, and all drugs were placed on the submucosal side of the tissue. washings were collected at 30-min intervals from the luminal side and were dialyzed to remove unbound 35s, leaving radiolabeled macromolecules. vasoactive i ...	1983	6870072
some acoustic properties of neurones in the ferret inferior colliculus.	single neurones in the central nucleus of the ferret inferior colliculus (icc) were studied using extracellular recording. responses to pure tone stimuli were analyzed to assess the frequency organization of the nucleus, the sensitivity and tuning properties of neurones and the effects of binaural sound presentation. excitatory tuning curves had the characteristic shape found for neurones in the auditory systems of other species. many ferret neurones were inhibited by stimulus frequencies on eit ...	1983	6871703
the similar interaction of ferret alveolar macrophages with influenza virus strains of differing virulence at normal and pyrexial temperatures.	the possibility that ferret lung macrophages may be one factor operating in vivo to prevent infection of susceptible alveolar cells (as demonstrated by organ cultures) by both virulent and attenuated strains of influenza virus has been investigated. phagocytosis of four strains of influenza virus [a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) and clone 64d (attenuated for ferrets) and clones 64c and 7a (virulent for ferrets) of the recombinant virus a/pr/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2)] by ferret alveolar macrophages in vitro ...	1983	6875518
arginine requirement and ammonia toxicity in ferrets.	hyperammonemia of varying magnitude was produced in young, male ferrets by either feeding them a purified diet containing low amounts of arginine or by intraperitoneal injections of jackbean urease. the responses were different depending on the method used to produce hyperammonemia. when hyperammonemia was produced by feeding a synthetic diet containing less than 0.2% arginine, ferrets developed encephalopathy soon after eating the diet and recovered after 4 hours. although intraperitoneal injec ...	1983	6875698
pathogenesis of viral encephalitis: demonstration of viral antigen(s) in the brain endothelium.	one of the enigmas in the pathogenesis of inflammation is why the white cells adhere to the endothelium. in trying to define the pathogenic mechanism, we carried out experiments on ferrets infected with an sspe strain of measles virus. using immunoperoxidase labeling techniques, viral antigens were demonstrated on the luminal surface and in the cytoplasm of endothelial cells, irrespective of the presence or absence of inflammatory changes. the degree of inflammation corresponded well with antibo ...	1983	6880611
comparative morphologic features of the pulmonary vasculature in mammals.	the ratio of right to left ventricular weight (0.3), and the ratio of the medial thickness of the pulmonary trunk to that of the aorta (0.4 to 0.7) are similar in humans and other mammals for which data are available. there are interspecies differences in quantity and arrangement of collagen, smooth muscle, and elastic tissue in the pulmonary trunk. the medial thickness of muscular pulmonary arteries is similar in man, baboon, ferret, goat, llama, and monkey. in most other mammals these vessels ...	1983	6881709
[the effect of short-term lung inflation on the strength of the expiratory reflex in ferrets under normal conditions and in experimental pneumothorax].		1983	6883136
presence of oligoclonal immunoglobulin g bands and lack of matrix protein antibodies in cerebrospinal fluids and sera of ferrets with measles virus encephalitis.	young adult ferrets were immunized with measles vaccine and 5 to 6 weeks later inoculated intracerebrally with vero cells persistently infected with cell-associated strain d.r. of measles virus isolated from a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis. of nine ferrets which survived the infection for 3 weeks or longer, five showed neurological signs. at the time of death they had widespread inflammation in their brains, and cell-associated virus was isolated from three ferrets sacrificed ...	1983	6885159
a comparative study of the vagal innervation of the stomach in man and the ferret.		1983	6885613
intracellular calcium concentration during hypoxia and metabolic inhibition in mammalian ventricular muscle.	papillary muscles from rats, cats and ferrets were microinjected with aequorin, a photoprotein which emits light as a function of ca2+ concentration. the effects of hypoxia and different types of metabolic inhibition on intracellular ca2+ concentration ([ ca2+]i) and tension were studied. 2. exposure of the muscle to hypoxia (po2 less than 5 mmhg) or cn- caused a reversible decrease in developed tension, with no change in the magnitude of the ca transient associated with each contraction. the ra ...	1983	6887018
antiemetic activity of butorphanol against cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and dogs.	the analgesic agent butorphanol was evaluated for its ability to block cisplatin-induced emesis in ferrets and dogs. in ferrets, butorphanol (0.15, 0.3, or 0.45 mg/kg; expressed in terms of the tartrate salt) administered sc 30 minutes prior to cisplatin (8 mg/kg iv) reduced the number of emetic episodes but did not eliminate them. when these doses of butorphanol were administered 30 minutes before and 30 and 90 minutes after cisplatin, they caused a dose-related reduction in the number of emeti ...	1982	6889914
remission of estrus-associated anemia following ovariohysterectomy and multiple blood transfusions in a ferret.		1982	6890548
suppression of maturation of dirofilaria immitis in mustela putorius furo by single dose of ivermectin.		1980	6893467
immunization of ferrets against dirofilaria immitis by means of chemically abbreviated infections.	ferrets were exposed to two successive inoculations with 30 third-stage larvae of the canine heartworm dirofilaria immitis, the inoculations being approximately 5 months apart. each infection was terminated by ivermectin therapy approximately 2 months after inoculation. the ferrets were challenged with 30 larvae 3 weeks after the termination of the second infection, and were necropsied approximately 6 months after challenge. of the four ferrets that survived this protracted experimentation, two ...	1981	6894638
efficacy of ivermectin against third-stage dirofilaria immitis larvae in ferrets and dogs.	ivermectin prevented maturation of dirofilaria immitis when given per os to ferrets at a dosage of 0 x 1 mg ivermectin per kg bodyweight two days after inoculation with third stage heartworm larvae. similar results were found in dogs treated one day after infection at a dosage of 0 x 05 mg ivermectin per kg. no heartworm were found in the hearts and lungs of five treated dogs compared to an average of 11 worms per dog in five control animals.	1982	6897584
manual restraint of the ferret.		1980	6900463
intervertebral disc syndrome in a domestic ferret.		1981	6911911
using jet injection to vaccinate mink and ferrets against canine distemper, mink virus enteritis, and botulism, type c.		1981	6911916
an apparatus for the preparation of cavities in the canine teeth of ferrets.	an apparatus is described for the preparation of standardized cavities in the canine teeth of ferrets. one hundred cavities were cut, and there was highly significant correlation between the distance the bur was advanced (machine depth) and the cavity depth in dentine. it was possible to cut cavities predictively with small and large residual dentine thicknesses. the method described was not damaging to the pulp.	1980	6928439
transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions in ferret salivary glands.	the net transductal fluxes of water and monovalent ions were measured in the parotid and submandibular salivary glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, during stimulation of secretion with pilocarpine. the duct systems of these glands were found to be impermeable to water using the split-oil droplet method for stationary microperfusion of lobular and main ducts. the net transductal fluxes of na+, k+, cl-, and hco3- were characterized by analysis of ductal fluid samples obtained simultaneous ...	1981	6934197
handling of calcium by the ferret submandibular gland.	the handling of ca by the submandibular gland of the ferret during stimulation of salivation with pilocarpine was studied using micropuncture and microanalytical, as well as standard, physiological techniques. concentrations of ionized ca were measured in the fluid from the intercalated, lobular, and main ducts of the gland. the net transductal fluxes of this divalent ion were calculated.	1981	6934198
pulpal response to a temporary crown and bridge material in ferret teeth.	the histological effects of a temporary crown and bridge material (scutan) on the pulp of canine teeth of ferrets was investigated at time intervals up to 6 months. after 24 h a moderate to severe pulpal response was observed which persisted up to 6 months. a case of contact sensitivity to scutan is reported.	1980	6936520
secretion of monovalent ions and water in ferret salivary glands: a micropuncture study.	the acinar mechanisms of secretion of the monovalent ions, na+, k+, cl-, and hco3-, and water in the parotid and submandibular glands of the ferret, mustela putorius furo, were investigated using micropuncture and microanalytical techniques during salivation induced by pilocarpine. the osmolarity and monovalent ionic composition of the primary secretory fluid obtained from the intercalated ducts of these glands were determined.	1981	6937508
the effects of sodium carbenoxolone on the stability of cellular membranes.	various mechanisms have been proposed for the mode of action of carbenoxolone, most of which contribute to improving the mucosal defence and the protective mucus barrier. the incorporation of many sugars into the glycoprotein fraction of gastric mucus of man, ferret and rat is increased by carbenoxolone and the turnover of gastric epithelial cells in the mouse has been shown to decrease after carbenoxolone treatment. the gastric mucosal cell membrane together with the subcellular endoplasmic ret ...	1980	6937938
excretion of monovalent ions and water in the saliva of the ferret.		1980	6941999
microradiography, light and electron microscopy of the effects of calcium phosphate solutions on dentine and pulp of the ferret (mustela putorius furo).		1981	6950707
ultrastructural quantitation of connective tissue changes in phenytoin-induced gingival overgrowth in the ferret.	the gingival overgrowth obtained after maintaining ferrets on pht appeared to be due entirely to the effect of the drug, for inflammation induced by banding had no influence on the action of pht in eliciting the overgrowth. the significant change observed was an increase in relative volume of interstitial material (ground substance) in response to pht. although there was no appreciable alteration in numbers of cells present in the lesion, pht had a significant effect on the ultrastructure of fib ...	1982	6953128
the ferret for non-rodent toxicity studies - a pathologist's view.	ferrets have been used in our laboratories over the past 4 years in 12 small drug toxicity studies (14-28 days, 6-8 ferrets, usually male) and recently for a larger study (90 days, 54 ferrets). this has provided a basis for assessing the suitability of the ferret as an alternative species for non-rodent drug toxicity studies. it is amenable to daily dosing by gavage, and it shows gastric damage of a similar type and degree to the dog in response to oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. cer ...	1982	6954910
interactions of aspirin and other potential etiologic factors in an animal model of reye syndrome.	recent studies of reye syndrome (rs) patients have suggested aspirin treatment as a possible factor in the etiology of this often fatal childhood disorder. the relationship of aspirin treatment to other factors that have been strongly implicated (influenza, ammonia toxicity) cannot be examined directly in patients because aspirin treatment is usually initiated by family members in the prodromal period before rs is diagnosed. in this report we describe the use of an animal model for rs in examini ...	1982	6961432
zinc toxicity in the ferret.		1980	6974744
electrophysiological effects of butoprozine on isolated heart preparations. comparison with amiodarone and verapamil.	the electrophysiological effects of butoprozine, a relatively new antiarrhythmic agent, were investigated in sheep cardiac purkinje fibres using a microelectrode technique and in frog atrial and ferret ventricular fibres using a double sucrose gap technique. comparison was made with amiodarone and verapamil. butoprozine increased the action potential duration like amiodarone, depressed the plateau phase like verapamil and decreased the amplitude and the maximum rate of depolarization. pacemaker ...	1982	6978694
immunolabeling of sspe and wild-type measles viruses in ferret brain cell culture.	immunocytochemical studies using horseradish peroxidase labeled antibody were undertaken in an attempt to determine whether there are detectable antigenic differences which correlate with the biological properties of differences which correlate with the biological properties of different strains of sspe and wild-type measles virus grown in ferret bran cell cultures. the rabbit anti-measles hyperimmune serum used in this experiment contained antibodies to all the measles virus proteins when teste ...	1980	6998252
[evidence of canine distemper virus in kidneys of apparently healthy ferrets (author's transl)].		1980	7006506
cell-mediated immunity in ferrets. delayed dermal hypersensitivity, lymphocyte transformation, and macrophage migration inhibitory factor production.		1981	7009242
[morphology and biochemistry of blood of various mustelids. 3. enzymographic studies of arterial plasma of mink (mustela vison schreber, 1777)].	twelve different enzyme activities, which are listed and explained in greater detail in table 2, were determined statistically secured, and discussed, following a three-year study into arterial plasma of 118 female and 124 male minks, aged between six and seven months and kept under anaesthesia. simply normally distributed or logarithmically distributed plasma enzyme activities were found to differ primarily by sex, with other experimental conditions being identical and regular. the enzyme activ ...	1980	7011244
canine distemper virus titration in ferret peritoneal macrophages.	the sensitivity of a ferret peritoneal macrophage fluorescent antibody technique for assay of various strains of canine distemper virus was investigated. the macrophage system was compared with established methods of titration in canine kidney cell culture, vero cell culture, and embryonated chicken eggs. it was found to be as sensitive as and in several instances more sensitive than the established methods.	1981	7011675
delayed implantation in mustelids, with special emphasis on the spotted skunk.	three distinct reproductive patterns are exhibited by mustelids. some species (ferret and least weasel) breed during spring and summer and do not exhibit delayed implantation. others (mink and striped skunk) exhibit variable gestation periods with brief periods of delayed implantation occurring only if the females are mated early in the season. most mustelids (western spotted skunk, badgers, marten, wolverine, etc.) always exhibit a prolonged period of delayed implantation lasting several months ...	1981	7014860
immunity to influenza in ferrets. xiv: comparative immunity following infection or immunization with live or inactivated vaccine.	immunization by live influenza virus induced a greater protective effect against subsequent challenge by the homologous virus than by the corresponding killed virus vaccine. furthermore, tracheas excised from 11-day and 28-day influenza-virus-infected ferrets were more resistant to reinfection than tracheas excised from ferrets immunized by killed influenza vaccine, despite equivalent serum antibody titres at these times. histological examination of trachea sections taken from vaccinated and vir ...	1981	7018552
the sympathetic superior cervical ganglia as peripheral neuroendocrine centers.	the superior cervical ganglia (scg) provide sympathetic innervation to the pineal gland, cephalic blood vessels, the choroid plexus, the eye, carotid body and the salivary and thyroid glands. removal of the ganglia brings about several neuroendocrine changes in mammals, including the disruption of water balance in pituitary stalk-sectioned rats, and the alteration of normal photoperiodic control of reproduction in hamsters, ferrets, voles, rams and goats. these effects are commonly attributed to ...	1981	7026734
distemper virus infection in ferrets: an animal model of measles-induced immunosuppression.	distemper virus is very similar antigenically to measles virus, and the disease produced in ferrets by distemper is a systemic illness quite similar to measles infection in humans. using an attenuated strain of distemper virus, we produced a mild systemic illness in ferrets and were able to study the effects of the viral infection on cell-mediated immunity (cmi). beginning on day 5 after viral inoculation and continuing to day 30, infected ferrets showed a marked lymphopenia, with a reduction in ...	1982	7044625
uptake of 65zn in tapetum lucidum.	the uptake of 65zn (administered as 65zncl2) in the tapetum lucidum of ferrets was studied by whole-body autoradiography. the results showed a slow increase in the labelling of the tapetal cells and 7 days after the 65zn-injection this tissue contained the highest radioactivity in the body. the strong tapetal labelling was registered in both albino and pigmented animals. previous biochemical and histochemical studies have indicated that there is a specific localization of zinc in the tapetal cel ...	1982	7047922
efficacy of the avermectins against filarial parasites: a short review.	the avermectins are macrocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis. one of them has been chemically modified and given the non-proprietary name ivermectin. the compounds have shown efficacy against various stages of filarial parasites. with respect to pre-adult stages in the mammalian host, activity has been observed against dirofilaria immitis in ferrets and dogs, and dipetalonema viteae and litomosoides carinii in jirds (meriones); but activity has not been observed against the deve ...	1982	7051527
circadian timing of sleepiness in man and woman.	men and women living contentedly in long-term isolation from the usual time-of-day cues have revealed surprising new regularities about the timing of human sleep/wake alternations. contemporary effort to ferret out and articulate these regularities in quantitative terms lead to a diversity of mathematical models. if these eventually acquire predictive competence then we may expect practical improvements of therapy for insomnia, jet lag, and some kinds of psychiatric depression.	1982	7051861
effects of early social experience on activity and object investigation in the ferret.	earlier experiments have shown that many of the effects of early social isolation in the rat may be due to deprivation of social play. the isolated ferret, like the isolated rat, is hyperactive; furthermore, its hyperactivity appears to be related to deprivation of social play. however, the relationship between object investigation and social rearing is more complex in the ferret than it is in the rat.	1982	7054018
evaluation of an attenuated, cold-recombinant influenza b virus vaccine.	a live, attenuated influenza b virus vaccine was evaluated in a group of students. the virus, cold-recombinant (cr) 7, was produced by recombining the attenuated cold-adapted parent, b/ann arbor/1/66, with a wild strain, b/hong kong/8/73. in ferrets, the wild strain produced histopathologic lesions in the lungs, whereas the cr strain and the attenuated parent did not. a total of 306 individuals was inoculated intranasally with either the cr virus or a placebo. after inoculation, only one symptom ...	1982	7054318
fine structural examination of the single heart tube in the fifteen day ferret embryo.	the different segments of the embryonic heart tube of the ferret were examined with light and transmission electron microscopy. the cells of bulbus cordis, bulboventricular junction, primitive ventricle, atrioventricular junction, and primitive atria were in the process of differentiating into myocardial cells. the ventricular muscle cells were the most developed cells; the least mature muscle cells were those located at the arterial and venous ends of the heart tube. the cells between the ventr ...	1982	7055837
genetic composition and virulence of influenza virus: differences in facets of virulence in ferrets between two pairs of recombinants with rna segments of the same parental origin.	facets of virulence for ferrets of 16 recombinant clones of two parent viruses a/finland/4/74 (h3n2) and a/okuda/57 (h2n2) were determined and viewed in relation to their genetic composition. of the five pairs of recombinant clones with rna segments of the same parental origin, differences in facets of virulence were detected between members of two of the pairs. one pair differed in ability to produce fever, and another pair in ability to infect the lower respiratory tract. subsequent analyses i ...	1982	7061993
serum enzyme alterations in arginine-deficient, influenza-infected ferrets: a potential animal model of reye's syndrome.	young male ferrets developed hyperammonemia and encephalopathy soon after eating a diet lacking arginine. because of this characteristic and their known susceptibility to influenza infections, they were further tested as an animal model for reye's syndrome (rs), a childhood disorder which sometimes develops following influenza and which is characterized in part by encephalopathy, hyperammonemia, and elevated serum transaminase levels. either the deficiency or infection alone resulted in minor el ...	1982	7067689
experimental trichinella spiralis infection in the ferret, mustela putorius furo.	laboratory ferrets (mustela putorius furo) were each inoculated with 500 larvae of a strain of trichinella spiralis that had been passaged in mice for many generations. the recovery of adult worms from ferrets on days 4 and 7 of infection represented a mean of 32% of the inoculum, with most of the worms being in the anterior three quarters of the small intestine. larvae subsequently became encysted in the ferret musculature, with the diaphragm alone yielding as many as 5,750 larvae upon digestio ...	1982	7069183
elevation of nasal viral levels by suppression of fever in ferrets infected with influenza viruses of differing virulence.	the effect of suppression of fever on viral levels in nasal washes of ferrets infected with either of two clones (7a, virulent; 64d, attenuated) of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69 (h3n2) was studied. the febrile response was reduced by shaving the ferrets or by treating them with sodium salicylate, which had no noticeable effect on the inflammatory response. for both clones, significantly more virus was shed in the nasal washes of ferrets whose febrile respons ...	1982	7069233
an electrophoretic investigation of mammalian spermatid-specific nuclear proteins.	using standardized methods for protein extraction and analysis, the testes of rams, bulls, goats, boars, stallions, rats, cats, hedgehogs, european mink and ferrets were examined for basic spermatid nucleoproteins by electrophoresis. the results suggest that differences exist in the total number of these proteins as well as in the number and amount of the cross-linked cystein-containing proteins. these differences appear to be more family-specific than species-specific.	1982	7077593
haematological and serum chemistry profiles of ferrets (mustela putorius furo).	female, male and castrated male ferrets were studied. weight gain plateaued at 28 weeks of age with males about 500 g heavier than females. no statistically significant differences in haematology were observed with age, but alkaline phosphatase and alanine aminotransferase levels fell while glucose increased. haemolysis led to various changes including marked increases in total protein, albumin, inorganic phosphate and sorbitol dehydrogenase.	1982	7078059
activity of adenylate deaminase and glutamate dehydrogenase in the liver: species and dietary variation.	1. activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and adenylate deaminase were measured in the livers of carnivores (animals characterised by intake of a high dietary protein). 2. animals studied (ferret, cat, dog, hedgehog, rat, hamster, mouse, cow, pig and rabbit) were kept on their natural diet. 3. glutamate dehydrogenase activity showed no variation between carnivores and non-carnivores. 4. adenylate deaminase activity was significantly higher in carnivores than in non-carnivores. 5. in carnivores, ade ...	1982	7083816
respiratory mechanics of a small carnivore: the ferret.	the ferret, mustela putorius furo, is a small relatively inexpensive carnivore with minimal housing requirements. measurements were made from anesthetized tracheotomized supine males. values obtained during tidal breathing for six animals (576 +/- 12 g) were as follows: tidal volume, 6.06 +/- 0.30 ml; respiratory frequency, 26.7 +/- 3.9 breaths min-1; dynamic lung compliance, 2.48 +/- 0.21 ml cmh2o-1; pulmonary resistance, 22.56 +/- 1.61 cmh2o . l-1 . s. pressure-volume curves from nine ferrets ...	1982	7085416
dirofilariasis in a ferret.		1982	7085481
ultrastructure and morphometry of the alveolar type ii cell of the ferret.		1982	7086944
no evidence for cholinergic mechanisms in the control of spontaneous predatory behavior of the ferret.		1982	7089025
proliferative colitis in ferrets.	during a 4-month period, 31 of 156 ferrets (mustela putorius) in a biomedical research program developed protracted diarrhea. clinical signs were green mucohemorrhagic fecal material, partially prolapsed rectum, anorexia, body weight loss, and dehydration. nine of the affected animals were necropsied. on gross examination, the descending colon was grossly thick and histologically characterized by marked proliferation of the mucosa, relatively few goblet cells, mixed inflammatory cell infiltrate, ...	1982	7091850
ferret foetal infection with influenza virus at early gestation.		1982	7093143
non-atropinic anticholinergic action of quinidine on the ferret stomach.	1 the effect of quinidine on the cholinergic response of the ferret gastric corpus was investigated in vivo and in vitro. 2 in vivo, the atropine sensitive contractions of the gastric corpus evoked by stimulation of the cervical vagus in the anaesthetized ferret were antagonized by quinidine (10-30 mg/kg). 3 in vitro, quinidine (10 micrograms/ml) antagonized the contractile response elicited by transmural stimulation (t.m.) of strips of corpus. at this dose of quinidine, the response to acetylch ...	1982	7096390
antigenic and genetic characterization of a novel hemagglutinin subtype of influenza a viruses from gulls.	influenza a virus isolates from ring-billed, franklin, blackback, and herring gulls in the united states possess a hemagglutinin (ha) distinct from the 12 reference ha subtypes. serological assays (hemagglutination inhibition and double-immunodiffusion) with specific antisera to reference strains and to a representative gull isolate showed that the ha of the gull virus was not antigenically related to that of any known subtype. the gull virus did not replicate in ducks or chickens but did replic ...	1982	7097861
the ferret (mustela putorius furo) as an experimental host for brugia malayi and brugia pahangi.	ferrets inoculated subcutaneously with 150--200 infective larvae of brugia malayi (subperiodic strain) usually developed patent infection during the 3rd month post inoculation. microfilaremia was transient, and most animals became amicrofilaremic after the 6th month of infection. ferrets developed a persistent eosinophilia at the time of patency. at necropsy, 5--8 months post infection, adult worms were recovered principally from lymphatic vessels and recovery ranged from 0.5--13% of the inocula ...	1982	7102908
ultrastructure of the pineal gland of the mink (mustela vison).	the pineal gland of the mink (mustela vison) was examined, using light and electron microscopy. its cellular structure was compared with that of the pineal gland in other mammalian species, including that of a close taxonomic relative, the ferret. the pineal gland of the mink was composed to pinealocytes and neuroglial cells, as well as numerous neuron cell processes and nerve endings, which provide extensive neural input to the pineal gland. a high degree of vascularity, extent of neural innerv ...	1982	7103235
anti-influenza a virus activity of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride in ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium.	the activities and toxicities of amantadine hydrochloride and rimantadine hydrochloride against influenza a/alaska/6/77 (h3n2) and a/bangkok/1/79 (h3n2) viruses were compared in organ cultures and ferret tracheal ciliated epithelium. pretreatment of cultures with concentrations (0.5 and 1 micrograms/ml) comparable to those found in human serum after oral administration of amantadine revealed that rimantadine produced significantly longer protection than amantadine against virus-induced cytopathi ...	1982	7103458
plasma concentrations of testosterone and dihydrotestosterone during perinatal development in male and female ferrets.	concentrations of testosterone (t) and 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (dht) were measured in plasma collected from male and female ferrets at eight perinatal ages, spanning the period when behavioral sexual differentiation occurs in this species. concentrations of t were significantly higher in males than in females 5 days before birth (day -5) and on postnatal days 10, 15, and 40. plasma concentrations of dht were equivalent in both sexes at all ages. in males, mean plasma t (2,278 pg/ml) and dht ...	1982	7106049
effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone, or estradiol administered neonatally on sexual behavior of female ferrets.	groups of female ferrets born in the laboratory received sc silastic capsules containing testosterone (t), 5 alpha-dihydrotestosterone (dht), 17 beta-estradiol (e), or no steroid for 15 days beginning on the day of birth; an additional group of male ferrets received empty sc capsules neonatally. all ferrets were gonadectomized at 11 weeks of age and were subsequently tested for masculine and feminine sexual behaviors while being treated consecutively over an 8-month period with several different ...	1982	7106050
a comparative study of lysozyme and its secretion by tracheal epithelium.	tracheal explants from baboon, ferret, dog, mouse, hamster, rat guinea pig, chicken, sheep, rabbit and cat were maintained in vivo for 24 to 72 hr. bathing media were analyzed for lysozyme content. secretory rates were compared to the rate obtained for human trachea in our earlier work. these rates ranged from 807 micrograms lysozyme/g tissue/24 hr for human trachea to 11 micrograms lysozyme/g tissue/24 hr for chicken trachea. secretory rates for baboon, ferret dog, mouse, hamster, rat, and guin ...	1982	7106064
applications of ultrasound to veterinary diagnostics in a veterinary teaching hospital.	animal patients at colorado state university's veterinary teaching hospital as well as beagles at the collaborative radiological health laboratory (crhl) have been routinely evaluated using a variety of ultrasonic procedures that are commonplace in human medicine. the results from these clinical investigations have provided diagnostic information which in many cases has not been available using other clinical testing methods. dogs, cats, horses, and cattle have been the primary animals evaluated ...	1982	7107192
the role of vagal and intramural inhibitory reflexes in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the ferret.	1. the step inflation technique combined with nerve section and pharmacological receptor blockade was used to determine the gastric distribution of the vagal inhibitory fibres and their role in the regulation of intragastric pressure in the anaesthetized ferret.2. under the conditions described the predominant effect of the vagus was inhibitory. the dorsal abdominal vagus mediated more inhibition than the ventral vagal trunk. there was partial overlap in the inhibitory effects of the two trunks ...	1982	7108805
a mobile rack of cages for ferrets (mustela putorius furo).		1982	7109533
metabolism and excretion of a chromone carboxylic acid (fpl 52757) in various animal species.	1. the disposition of the chromone carboxylic acid (fpl 52757) in several species has been investigated. the compound is extensively metabolized by hydroxylation in rat, mouse, ferret, squirrel monkey, cynomolgus monkey, rabbit, hamster, stumped-tailed macaque and baboon (e.g. 50-100% in rat, cynomolgus monkey and squirrel monkey). 2. the plasma clearance of the chromone in rat, rabbit and squirrel monkey was 138, 44 and 59 ml/kg per h respectively. plasma clearance by the dog was slower (13 ml/ ...	1982	7113251
mechanism of additive effects of digoxin and quinidine on contractility in isolated cardiac muscle.	to evaluate the mechanism of the effect of the interaction of digoxin and quinidine on myocardial contractility, ferret right ventricular papillary muscles were isolated and the effects of digoxin, 4 x 10(-7) m, quinidine, 1 x 10(5) m and atropine, 1.5 x 10(-6) m, on peak developed force, peak rate of development of force (df/dt) and time to peak tension were determined. the addition of quinidine to muscles treated with digoxin increased developed force 18 percent (p = 0.006) and df/dt 35 percen ...	1982	7113931
isolation of cryptococcus neoformans from a ferret.		1982	7115232
barbiturates depress vagal motor pathway to ferret trachea at ganglia.	to determine which site in the vagal motor pathway to airway smooth muscle is most sensitive to depression by barbiturates, we recorded isometric muscle tension in vitro and stimulated the vagal motor pathway at four different sites before and after exposure to barbiturates. in isolated tracheal rings from ferrets, we stimulated muscarinic receptors in the neuromuscular junction by exogenous acetylcholine, postganglionic nerve fibers by electrical fluid stimulation, and the postsynaptic membrane ...	1982	7118638
voltage-clamp studies of transient inward current and mechanical oscillations induced by ouabain in ferret papillary muscle.	1. we studied the effects of a toxic concentration of ouabain on transmembrane electrical activity and on mechanical behaviour of right ventricular papillary muscles from ferrets in a single sucrose-gap using current clamp and voltage clamp.2. ouabain (1.4-1.8 mum) induced oscillatory after-potentials and after-concentrations in current-clamp experiments. voltage clamp showed that the oscillatory after-potential was caused by a transient inward current, similar to that in purkinje fibres.3. the ...	1982	7120138
afferent activity evoked by natural stimulation of the biliary system in the ferret.	a technique for the natural stimulation of the biliary system which permits the distinction between noxious and innocuous intensities of stimulation has been developed in the ferret. male ferrets anaesthetized with urethane have been used. controlled distensions of the biliary system were produced and the nociceptive nature of the stimulus was ascertained by reflex increases in blood pressure. levels of biliary pressure that did not evoke changes in blood pressure were considered innocuous. usin ...	1982	7122106
fine structure of the retinal epithelium, bruch's membrane (complexus basalis) and choriocapillaris in the domestic ferret.	the fine structure of the retinal epithelium, choriocapillaris, and bruch's membrane has been studied by electron microscopy in the domestic ferret. the ferret possesses a tapetum cellulosum in the superior fundus, and the morphology of the retinal epithelium and its associated structures varies depending upon its relation to the tapetum. over the tapetum the retinal epithelium is a single layer of low cuboidal cells with basal infoldings and two types of apical process. internally the cells are ...	1982	7124325
polymedicine: known and unknown drug interactions.	despite more than 15 years of extensive scrutiny, adverse drug interactions, especially in the elderly, remain a problem for the clinician. a two-pronged approach is suggested to contend with drug interactions: detection or avoidance of known drug interactions; and predictions and characterization of hitherto unknown interactions. the former approach is aided by critical reference sources on the subject and the use of drug interaction screening aids such as drug interactions alert lists or rotat ...	1982	7130593
[experimental transmission of rabies to the ferret by an ixodoidea: pholeoixodes rugicollis (schultze and schlottke, 1929)].		1982	7136476
is estrogen required for implantation in the ferret?	a series of experiments was designed to further test the hypothesis that ferret corpora lutea synthesize and secrete estrogen between days 6 and 8 of pregnancy, and that this estrogen is required to initiate implantation of blastocysts on day 12. corpora lutea, removed on day 8 of pregnancy contained significant quantities of testosterone. incubation of aliquots of the same luteal tissue for 4 h significantly elevated estrogen levels above those of nonincubated controls. peripheral plasma estrog ...	1982	7139007
evaluation of a cold-recombinant influenza virus vaccine in ferrets.	cold-recombinant strains of influenza virus were derived at 25 c using an attenuated cold-adapted (ca) and temperature-sensitive (ts) a/ann arbor/6/60 (h2n2) strain and wild-type (wt) strains of epidemic relevance. the cold recombinants were characterized in ferrets in terms of clinical manifestations, viral titers, and histopathologic lesions in turbinates and lungs. the data in ferrets showed that cold recombinants with six genes derived from the ca "master" strain and the two surface antigens ...	1982	7142749
quantitative light and electron microscopical studies of the epithelial-connective tissue junction in intraoral mucosae.	the present study was designed to clarify the morphological nature of epithelial-connective tissue attachment by quantitative comparison of palatal and buccal mucosae. tissue samples were obtained from ferrets and, following a strict sampling regime, sections were obtained for quantitative light and electron microscopy. electron micrographs from the epithelial-connective tissue junction were subjected to analysis by serological intersection counting. quantitative results show that palatal epithe ...	1982	7143437
spontaneous megakaryocytic myelosis in a four-year-old domestic ferret (mustela furo).		1982	7147617
lethal occlusion of the gastrointestinal tract in two ferrets (mustela putorius furo l.) due to aberrant voracity.		1982	7148178
late onset of hearing in the ferret.	onset of hearing in the ferret was judged by simple behavioral, physiological and anatomical indices. the ear canals do not open until the end of the first postnatal month. this coincides with the appearance of a startle response to loud hand claps and the recording of acoustically activated neurons in the midbrain. the late onset of hearing in the ferret (around 32 days postnatal) contrasts with the cat (6 days) and the mouse (12 days).	1982	7150970
fluid fluxes in the ferret trachea.		1982	7151961
muscarinic receptors in lung and trachea: autoradiographic localization using [3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate.	[3h]quinuclidinyl benzilate binding to slide-mounted frozen sections of ferret lung was of high affinity (kd 63 +/- 14 pm, mean +/- s.e., n = 4), and characteristic of interaction with muscarinic cholinergic receptors. light microscopic autoradiography showed muscarinic receptors to be localized predominantly to smooth muscle of trachea and intrapulmonary cartilaginous airways, and to submucosal glands. there was much less labelling of bronchiolar smooth muscle, airway epithelium and vascular sm ...	1982	7160426
the inadequacy of rectal temperature measurements for assessing the effects of antiviral drugs on influenza virus infection of ferrets.	from 6 experiments in which 99 ferrets were infected with influenza virus a/finland/74 and treated with various agents which suppress virus shedding and other parameters of infection, we assessed whether rectal temperature correlated with nasal virus shedding. a number of temperature and virus-shedding related parameters were determined for each experiment but statistical analysis showed little correlation between them, although an elevated temperature occurred at some time after infection. the ...	1982	7161369