Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| modulation of cellular innate immunity by lepeophtheirus salmonis secretory products. | lepeophtheirus salmonis produces pharmacologically active substances that have been shown to modify genetic expression of inflammatory mediators in shk-1 cells and head kidney macrophages of salmon. differences in genetic expression among genera of oncorhynchus and salmo reflect different susceptibilities to l. salmonis. this study was conducted to determine if the presence of l. salmonis secretory products (seps)(1) alters the cellular innate immune response (specifically macrophage function) a ... | 2014 | 24657318 |
| histamine-producing bacteria in blue scad (decapterus maruadsi) and their abilities to produce histamine and other biogenic amines. | using decarboxylation medium and 16s rdna sequence analysis, histamine-producing bacteria (hpb) in blue scad (decapterus maruadsi) were isolated and identified, and the histamine-producing abilities of the isolated hpb were determined. nine mesophilic strains (h1-h9) isolated from the muscle of blue scad were identified as the genera of hpb, including arthrobacter bergeri (h1), pseudomonas sp. (h2, h5 and h6), psychrobacter sp. (h3), shewanella baltica (h4 and h7), and aeromonas salmonicida (h8 ... | 2014 | 24668182 |
| the first characterization of two type i interferons in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) reveals their differential role, expression pattern and gene induction. | type i interferons (ifns) are considered the main cytokines directing the antiviral immune response in vertebrates. these molecules are able to induce the transcription of interferon-stimulated genes (isgs) which, using different blocking mechanisms, reduce the viral proliferation in the host. in addition, a contradictory role of these ifns in the protection against bacterial challenges using murine models has been observed, increasing the survival or having a detrimental effect depending on the ... | 2014 | 24680948 |
| isolation of aeromonas salmonicida from human blood sample: a case report. | aeromonas salmonicida belonging to the genus aeromonas, is a common pathogen that causes furunculosis and septicaemia in variety of fishes. it infects cold blooded vertebrates living at low temperatures mainly salmonid fish hence named salmonicida. untill recently aeromanas salmonicida is considered to be a fish pathogen. a. salmonicida is considered to be non-pathogenic for humans as it cannot grow at 37ºc. "however, in our laboratory culture plates and broths were incubated twice at 37ºc and e ... | 2014 | 24701507 |
| the proximal promoter of a novel interleukin-8-encoding gene in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) is strongly induced by cebpa, but not nf-κb p65. | interleukin-8 (il8) is an immediate-early chemokine that has been well characterized in several fish species. ten il8 gene variants have already been described in rainbow trout, but none of their promoters has structurally been defined or functionally characterized in teleost fish. to uncover key factors regulating il8 expression, we intended to functionally characterize an il8 promoter from rainbow trout. incidentally, we isolated a novel il8 gene variant (il8-g). it is structurally highly simi ... | 2014 | 24721762 |
| the warm temperature acclimation protein (wap65) has an important role in the inflammatory response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | wap65 is a molecule similar to the mammalian hemopexin that is a serum glycoprotein produced mainly by the liver with high affinity to heme. its primary role is participating in iron metabolism scavenging heme that is released into the plasma and transporting it to the liver. it has been reported an important role of hemopexin in the inflammation as an acute-phase protein and its production is up-regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines. there are also some evidences suggesting this immune-induct ... | 2014 | 24794581 |
| use of cellulolytic marine bacteria for enzymatic pretreatment in microalgal biogas production. | in this study, we designed and evaluated a microalgal pretreatment method using cellulolytic bacteria that naturally degrades microalgae in their native habitat. bacterial strains were isolated from each of two mollusk species in a medium containing 1% carboxymethyl cellulose agar. we selected nine bacterial strains that had endoglucanase activity: five strains from mytilus chilensis, a chilean mussel, and four strains from mesodesma donacium, a clam found in the southern pacific. these strains ... | 2014 | 24795376 |
| protein expression and transcription profiles of three strains of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida under normal and iron-limited culture conditions. | aeromonas salmonicida is an important fish pathogen that produces a wide and varied array of virulence factors. here we used iron deprivation by addition of the chelator 2'2-dipyridyl to induce the expression of several such virulence factors in three isolates of aeromonas salmonicida (one avirulent and two virulent). by using sds-page followed by mass spectrometry, we identified proteins that appeared differentially expressed under these conditions. the differential transcription of the identif ... | 2014 | 24872729 |
| aeromonas phages encode trnas for their overused codons. | the gc-rich bacterial species, aeromonas salmonicida, is parasitised by both gc-rich phages (aeromonas phages - phias7 and vb_asam-56) and gc-poor phages (aeromonas phages - 25, 31, 44rr2.8t, 65, aes508, phias4 and phias5). both the gc-rich aeromonas phage phias7 and aeromonas phage vb_asam-56 have nearly identical codon usage bias as their host. while all the remaining seven gc-poor aeromonas phages differ dramatically in codon usage from their gc-rich host. here, we investigated whether trna e ... | 2014 | 24878728 |
| lipopolysaccharides isolated from aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio anguillarum show quantitative but not qualitative differences in inflammatory outcome in sparus aurata (gilthead seabream). | in fish, the defence system recognises pathogenic microorganisms via pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) that sense particular structures of the pathogens; the so-called pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps) such as bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lpss). the result of the pamp-prr interactions leads to complex and orchestrated immune responses. in this study, sparus aurata (gilthead seabream) were intraperitoneally injected with purified lipopolysaccharide (lps) from aeromonas salmonic ... | 2014 | 24954838 |
| growth ability of gram negative bacteria in free-living amoebae. | when bacteria and free-living amoebae (flas) live both in natural waters and man-made aquatic systems, they constantly interact with each other. some bacteria can survive and grow within flas. therefore, it has recently been thought that flas play an important role in spreading pathogenic bacteria in aquatic systems. in this study we investigated the intracellular growing ability of 7 different gram-negative bacteria (pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas putida, pasteurella pneumotropica, aeromo ... | 2014 | 24955522 |
| cloning and characterisation of multiple ferritin isoforms in the atlantic salmon (salmo salar). | ferritin is a highly-conserved iron-storage protein that has also been identified as an acute phase protein within the innate immune system. the iron-storage function is mediated through complementary roles played by heavy (h)-chain subunit as well as the light (l) in mammals or middle (m)-chain in teleosts, respectively. in this study, we report the identification of five ferritin subunits (h1, h2, m1, m2, m3) in the atlantic salmon that were supported by the presence of iron-regulatory regions ... | 2014 | 25078784 |
| functional characterization of receptor-interacting serine/threonine kinase 2 (rip2) of the goldfish (carassius auratus l.). | we report on the functional characterization of rip2 of the goldfish. quantitative expression analysis of goldfish rip2 revealed the greatest mrna levels in the spleen, monocytes and splenocytes. we generated a recombinant form of the molecule (rgrip2) and determined that anti-human rip2 polyclonal antibody specifically recognized recombinant goldfish rip2 (rgrip2). goldfish rip2 activity was inhibited by the p38 mapk pathway inhibitor sb203580. treatment of goldfish macrophages with lps, pgn, m ... | 2015 | 25242011 |
| detection of variants of the pras3, pab5s9, and psn254 plasmids in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: multidrug resistance, interspecies exchanges, and plasmid reshaping. | the ubiquitous water-borne gram-negative bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causative agent of furunculosis, a worldwide disease in fish farms. plasmids carrying antibiotic resistance genes have already been described for this bacterium. the aim of the present study was to identify and characterize additional multidrug resistance plasmids in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. we sequenced the plasmids present in two multiple antibiotic-resistant isolates using high-through ... | 2014 | 25267667 |
| construction of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes asap1-toxoid strains and study of their ability to induce immunity in arctic char, salvelinus alpinus l. | the metalloendopeptidase asap1 is one of the major extracellular virulence factors of a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes, expressed as a 37-kda pre-pro-peptide and processed to a 19-kda active peptide. the aim of this study was to construct mutant strains secreting an asap1-toxoid instead of asap1-wt, to study virulence of these strains and to test the potency of the asap1-toxoid bacterin and the recombinant asap1-toxoids to induce protective immunity in arctic char. two a. salmonicida mutants w ... | 2014 | 25271952 |
| adverse and long-term protective effects following oil-adjuvanted vaccination against aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout. | prophylactic measures against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis, have been an active field of research for decades, with studies mainly focused on atlantic salmon (salmo salar). in the present study we have examined the protective and adverse effects of mineral oil-adjuvanted injection vaccines on rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). a commercial vaccine and an experimental auto vaccine, as well as their respective adjuvant formulations alone were used ... | 2015 | 25281580 |
| aeromonas salmonicida binds differentially to mucins isolated from skin and intestinal regions of atlantic salmon in an n-acetylneuraminic acid-dependent manner. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida infection, also known as furunculosis disease, is associated with high morbidity and mortality in salmonid aquaculture. the first line of defense the pathogen encounters is the mucus layer, which is predominantly comprised of secreted mucins. here we isolated and characterized mucins from the skin and intestinal tract of healthy atlantic salmon and studied how a. salmonicida bound to them. the mucins from the skin, pyloric ceca, and proximal and distal in ... | 2014 | 25287918 |
| altered gene expression patterns of innate and adaptive immunity pathways in transgenic rainbow trout harboring cecropin p1 transgene. | we have recently developed several homozygous families of transgenic rainbow trout harbouring cecropin p1 transgene. these fish exhibit resistance characteristic to infection by aeromonas salmonicida and infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (ihnv). in our earlier studies we have reported that treatment of a rainbow trout macrophage cell line (rts11) with a linear cationic α-helical antimicrobial peptide (e.g., cecropin b) resulted in elevated levels of expression of two pro-inflammatory relev ... | 2014 | 25306446 |
| triclosan resistance in a bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is mediated by an enoyl reductase, fabv. | triclosan, the widely used biocide, specifically targets enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (enr) in the bacterial fatty acid synthesis system. although the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida exhibits triclosan resistance, the nature of this resistance has not been elucidated. here, we aimed to characterize the triclosan resistance of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida causing furunculosis. the fosmid library of triclosan-resistant a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was const ... | 2015 | 25370725 |
| pro-inflammatory caspase-1 activation during the immune response in cells from rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum 1792) challenged with pathogen-associated molecular patterns. | in response to pathogens, the higher vertebrate innate immune system activates pro-inflammatory caspase-1 which is responsible for the processing and secretion of several important cytokines involved in the host's defence against infection. to date, caspase-1 has been described in few teleost fish, and its activity has been demonstrated through substrate cleavage and inhibition by pharmacological agents. in this study, the detection of the active form of caspase-1 during the immune response in s ... | 2015 | 25477241 |
| variants of a genomic island in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida link isolates with their geographical origins. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen. analysis of its genomic characteristics is required to determine the worldwide distribution of the various populations of this bacterium. genomic alignments between the 01-b526 pathogenic strain and the a449 reference strain have revealed a 51-kb chromosomal insertion in 01-b526. this insertion (asagei1a) has been identified as a new genomic island (gei) bearing prophage genes. pcr assays were used to detect this gei in a collection of ... | 2015 | 25480167 |
| use of in vivo induced antigen technology to identify genes from aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida that are specifically expressed during infection of the rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. | aeromonas salmonicida is a major fish pathogen associated with mass mortalities in salmonid fish. in the present study, we applied in vivo induced antigen technology (iviat), a technique that relies on antibodies adsorbed against in vitro cultures of the pathogen, to a clinical isolate of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | 2014 | 25495705 |
| cloning and characterization of the proximal promoter region of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) interleukin-6 gene. | interleukin-6 (il6) is a pleiotropic cytokine with important immunoregulatory functions. its expression is inducible in immune cells and tissues of several fish species. we also found that il6 mrna abundance was significantly increased in spleen, liver, and gill of rainbow trout after experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. genomic dna sequences of il6 orthologs from three salmonid species revealed a conserved exon/intron structure and a high overall nucleotide identity of >88%. to un ... | 2015 | 25549935 |
| the adjuvant effect of low frequency ultrasound when applied with an inactivated aeromonas salmonicida vaccine to rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | vaccine adjuvants are classified according to their properties of either inducing the persistence of antigens within the animal after immunisation and/or activation of the animal's immune response. the adjuvant effect of low intensity low frequency sonophoresis (lfs) was tested in rainbow trout using an aeromonas salmonicida bacterin vaccine administered by immersion vaccination using lfs at 37 khz. the adjuvant effect obtained with lfs was compared with that of normal immersion or intraperitone ... | 2015 | 25613719 |
| effective qpcr methodology to quantify the expression of virulence genes in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | this study aimed to select and validate different methodological strategies to quantify the expression of the virulence genes ascc and ascv by qpcr in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (aer. salmonicida). | 2015 | 25619119 |
| marine lactobacillus pentosus h16 protects artemia franciscana from vibrio alginolyticus pathogenic effects. | vibrio alginolyticus is an opportunistic pathogen which may affect different aquatic organisms. the aim of this study was to assess the probiotic properties and the protective mode of action of lactobacillus pentosus h16 against v. alginolyticus 03/8525, through in vitro and in vivo studies using artemia franciscana (hereafter artemia). this strain showed antimicrobial activity against v. alginolyticus 03/8525 and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida atcc33658 possibly related to lactobacill ... | 2015 | 25667335 |
| bactericidal efficacy of elevated ph on fish pathogenic and environmental bacteria. | ship ballast water is a recognized medium for transfer and introductions of nonindigenous species. there is a need for new ballast water treatment methods that effectively and safely eliminate or greatly minimize movements of these species. the present study employed laboratory methods to evaluate the bactericidal efficacy of increased ph (ph 10.0-12.0) for exposure durations of up to 72 h to kill a variety of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria including fish pathogens (aeromonas spp., yer ... | 2012 | 25685439 |
| ulcer disease prophylaxis in koi carp by bath immersion with chicken egg yolk containing anti-aeromonas salmonicida igy. | ulcer disease, caused by atypical aeromonas salmonicida, is a serious concern in ornamental koi carp, because it induces skin ulceration, disfiguring ornamental fish and causing economic loses. the present study aimed to establish a novel prophylaxis with chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin, igy, against ulcer disease and to assess its feasibility in the ornamental fish industry. addition of egg yolk powder containing anti-a. salmonicida igy to rearing water provided significant protection against a ... | 2015 | 25687817 |
| draft genome sequences of two aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates harboring plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a widespread fish disease causing important economic losses to the fish farming industry. antibiotic treatments in fish farms may be challenging given the existence of multidrug-resistant isolates of this bacterium. here, we report the draft genome sequences of the 2004-05mf26 and 2009-144k3 isolates, which harbor plasmids conferring antibiotic resistance. both isolates also carry the large plasmid pasa5, which is know ... | 2015 | 25724776 |
| the impact of aeromonas salmonicida infection on innate immune parameters of atlantic salmon (salmo salar l). | enzyme activities and gene expression of a number of innate immune parameters in the serum, mucus and skin of atlantic salmon (salmo salar) were investigated after challenge with a pathogenic strain of aeromonas salmonicida (a. salmonicida). fish were injected in the dorsal muscle with either 100 μl bacterium solution, about 3.05 × 10(7) cfu/ml a. salmonicida, or 100 μl 0.9% nacl (as control group) and tissue samples were collected at days 0, 2, 4 and 6 post-injection. lysozyme (lsz) and alkalin ... | 2015 | 25725402 |
| characterization and expression analyses of five interferon regulatory factor transcripts (irf4a, irf4b, irf7, irf8, irf10) in atlantic cod (gadus morhua). | the interferon regulatory factor (irf) family of genes encodes a group of transcription factors that have important roles not only in regulating the expression of type i interferons (ifns) and other genes in the ifn pathway, but also in growth, development and the regulation of oncogenesis. in this study, several irf family members (irf4a, irf4b, irf7, irf8, irf10) in atlantic cod (gadus morhua) were characterized at the cdna and putative amino acid levels, allowing for phylogenetic analysis of ... | 2015 | 25731920 |
| draft genome sequence of the chilean isolate aeromonas salmonicida strain cba100. | we report the draft genome sequence from aeromonas salmonicida sp. strain cba100, which was characterized as an antibiotic-resistant bacterium isolated from infected rainbow trout. the total size of the genome is 4,788,109 bp, with a g + c content of 60.55%. comparison of its open reading frames shows that the closest homologue to one third of the genes of strain cba100 are found in a. hydrophila. the strain contains several efflux pumps and putative genes that confer resistance to multiclass an ... | 2015 | 25743070 |
| improving survival and storage stability of bacteria recalcitrant to freeze-drying: a coordinated study by european culture collections. | the objective of this study is to improve the viability after freeze-drying and during storage of delicate or recalcitrant strains safeguarded at biological resource centers. to achieve this objective, a joint experimental strategy was established among the different involved partner collections of the embarc project ( www.embarc.eu ). five bacterial strains considered as recalcitrant to freeze-drying were subjected to a standardized freeze-drying protocol and to seven agreed protocol variants. ... | 2015 | 25773973 |
| comparative evaluation of infection methods and environmental factors on challenge success: aeromonas salmonicida infection in vaccinated rainbow trout. | when testing vaccine-induced protection an effective and reliable challenge method is a basic requirement and we here present a comparative study on different challenge methods used for infection of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss with aeromonas salmonicida, a bacterial pathogen eliciting furunculosis. fish were vaccinated with three different adjuvanted trivalent vaccines containing formalin killed a. salmonicida, vibrio anguillarum o1 and o2a. these were 1) the commercial vaccine alpha ject ... | 2015 | 25783001 |
| molecular characterization of shewanella and aeromonas isolates associated with spoilage of common carp (cyprinus carpio). | storage in ice is a common way of preserving commercial fish species but some microorganisms can still contaminate and participate in the spoilage of the product; therefore, identification of potential harmful microbes is important. thirteen colonies were isolated from common carp (cyprinus carpio) that had been stored in ice, whose phenotypic identification revealed that they belonged to the genera aeromonas (n = 5) and shewanella (n = 8). molecular genotyping with eric-pcr showed clonality onl ... | 2015 | 25790506 |
| antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized eltsovka-1 river (russia). | antimicrobial resistance and plasmid profile of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial strains isolated from the urbanized eltsovka-1 river (russia) were investigated. sequencing of the 16s rrna of of g+ strains showed 99-100% identity to that of bacillus aerophilus, bacillus altitudinis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, bacillus anthrancis, bacillus barbaricus, bacillus cereus, bacillus flexus, bacillus indriensis, bacillus stratosphericus, bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis, bacillus thuringiensi ... | 2015 | 25803299 |
| vapa (a-layer) typing differentiates aeromonas salmonicida subspecies and identifies a number of previously undescribed subtypes. | sequence variation in a region of the virulence array protein gene (vapa; a-layer) was assessed in 333 ('typical' and 'atypical') isolates of the fish pathogenic bacterium aeromonas salmonicida. resulting similarity dendrograms revealed extensive heterogeneity, with nearly all isolates belonging to either of 14 distinct clusters or a-layer types. all acknowledged a. salmonicida subspecies (except ssp. pectinolytica, from which no vapa sequence could be obtained) were clearly separated, and notab ... | 2016 | 25846742 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses of splenic immune mechanisms of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | furunculosis caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an epidemic disease among salmonids, including rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). however, the immune mechanisms that are elicited in rainbow trout against the invasion of a. salmonicida are not yet fully understood. in this study, we examined the spleen to investigate the immune response of rainbow trout at 3days post-infection by a. salmonicida at the transcriptome and proteome levels by using illumina-seq and itraq methods, ... | 2015 | 25849251 |
| growth inhibition of aeromonas salmonicida and yersinia ruckeri by disinfectants containing peracetic acid. | peracetic acid (paa) is a therapeutic agent used for disinfection in aquaculture, but it must be investigated thoroughly in order to mitigate diseases without harming the fish. successful disinfectants (like paa) should not leave dangerous residues in the environment in order to successfully contribute to sustainable aquaculture. the aim of our study was to compare the effectiveness of 6 commercial paa products with different molecular paa:h2o2 ratios to reduce bacterial growth of aeromonas salm ... | 2015 | 25850398 |
| steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss metabolic rate is affected by dietary aloe vera inclusion but not by mounting an immune response against formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida. | the oxygen consumption (mo2) of two groups of 10° c acclimated steelhead trout oncorhynchus mykiss was measured for 72 h after they were given a 100 µl kg(-1) intraperitoneal injection of formalin-killed aeromonas salmonicida (asal) or phosphate-buffered saline (pbs). in addition, plasma cortisol levels were measured in fish from both groups prior to, and 1 and 3 h after, they were given a 30 s net stress. the first group was fed an unaltered commercial diet for 4 weeks, whereas the second group ... | 2015 | 26010230 |
| screening for antibacterial activity of some turkish plants against fish pathogens: a possible alternative in the treatment of bacterial infections. | the antibacterial activity of ethanolic and aqueous crude extracts from 36 plants in turkey, including seven endemic species, against fish pathogens was studied using the disc diffusion assay. the extract that was most active against all microbial strains, except aeromonas salmonicida, was that of dorycnium pentaphyllum. some of the extracts also showed a very broad spectrum of potent antimicrobial activity. the extract of anemone nemorosa showed the highest antimicrobial activity against vibrio ... | 2015 | 26019642 |
| living in an extremely polluted environment: clues from the genome of melanin-producing aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34melt. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. pectinolytica 34mel(t) can be considered an extremophile due to the characteristics of the heavily polluted river from which it was isolated. while four subspecies of a. salmonicida are known fish pathogens, 34mel(t) belongs to the only subspecies isolated solely from the environment. genome analysis revealed a high metabolic versatility, the capability to cope with diverse stress agents, and the lack of several virulence factors found in pathogenic aeromonas. the mo ... | 2015 | 26025898 |
| asagei2b: a new variant of a genomic island identified in the aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224 strain isolated from a wild fish in switzerland. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is the causal agent of furunculosis in salmonids. we recently identified a group of genomic islands (asagei) in this bacterium. asagei2a, one of these genomic islands, has almost exclusively been identified in isolates from north america. to date, aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida jf3224, a strain isolated from a wild brown trout (salmo trutta) caught in switzerland, was the only european isolate that appeared to bear asagei2a. we analyzed the geno ... | 2015 | 26048417 |
| functional genomics of the aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide o-antigen and a-layer from typical and atypical strains. | the a. salmonicida a450 lps o-antigen, encoded by the wbsalmo gene cluster, is exported through an abc-2 transporter-dependent pathway. it represents the first example of an o-antigen lps polysaccharide with three different monosaccharides in their repeating unit assembled by this pathway. until now, only repeating units with one or two different monosaccharides have been described. functional genomic analysis of this wbsalmo region is mostly in agreement with the lps o-antigen structure of acet ... | 2015 | 26082990 |
| detection and diversity of aeromonads from treated wastewater and fish inhabiting effluent and downstream waters. | a two-season investigation of the wastewater treatment plant (wwtp) effluent, of related waters, sludge and fish across a wide area and 11 stations, with emphasis on aeromonas spp. was conducted. aeromonas veronii was the prevailing aeromonad isolated by maldi tof ms in the summer period. a rise of aeromonas hydrophila was observed in summer in raw sewage, treated wastewater and effluent-carrying canal. the ratio of aeromonad species retrieved from fish tissues did not correspond with the water ... | 2015 | 26092555 |
| effect of a phytogenic feed additive on the susceptibility of onchorhynchus mykiss to aeromonas salmonicida. | in recent years, feed additives have increasingly been adopted by the aquaculture industry. these supplements not only offer an alternative to antibiotics but have also been linked to enhanced growth performance. however, the literature is still limited and provides contradictory information on their effectiveness. this is mainly due to the wide variety of available products and their complex mechanisms of action. phytogenic feed additives have been shown to have antimicrobial effects and can im ... | 2015 | 26119300 |
| histopathological findings in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with 3 different aeromonas species. | this study describes the macroscopic and microscopic lesions in farmed rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) naturally infected with genetically identified aeromonas salmonicida, a. hydrophila, and a. veronii species. the genus aeromonas includes bacteria that naturally inhabit both waterways and organisms. at least 27 aeromonas species have been identified to date, some of which can cause significant economic losses in aquaculture. as up to 68.8% of aeromonas isolates may be misidentified in rout ... | 2015 | 26130859 |
| transcription factor t-bet in atlantic salmon: characterization and gene expression in mucosal tissues during aeromonas salmonicida infection. | the t-box transcription factor t-bet is expressed in a number of hematopoietic cell types in mammals and plays an essential role in the lineage determination of th1 t-helper cells and is considered as an essential feature for both innate and adaptive immune responses in higher vertebrates. in the present study, we have identified and characterized the full-length atlantic salmon t-bet cdna (3502 bp). the putative primary structure of the polypeptide deduced from the cdna sequence contained 612 a ... | 2015 | 26217339 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection only moderately regulates expression of factors contributing to toll-like receptor signaling but massively activates the cellular and humoral branches of innate immunity in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | toll-like receptors (tlrs) are known to detect a defined spectrum of microbial structures. however, the knowledge about the specificity of teleost tlr factors for distinct pathogens is limited so far. we measured baseline expression profiles of 18 tlr genes and associated signaling factors in four immune-relevant tissues of rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss. intraperitoneal injection of a lethal dose of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida induced highly increased levels of cytokine mrnas du ... | 2015 | 26266270 |
| two catechol siderophores, acinetobactin and amonabactin, are simultaneously produced by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida sharing part of the biosynthetic pathway. | the iron uptake mechanisms based on siderophore synthesis used by the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida are still not completely understood, and the precise structure of the siderophore(s) is unknown. the analysis of genome sequences revealed that this bacterium possesses two gene clusters putatively involved in the synthesis of siderophores. one cluster is a candidate to encode the synthesis of acinetobactin, the siderophore of the human pathogen acinetobacter baumannii, wh ... | 2015 | 26463084 |
| disparate developmental patterns of immune responses to bacterial and viral infections in fish. | during early stages of development vertebrates rely on an immature immune system to fight pathogens, but in non mammalian species few studies have taken an in-depth analysis of the transition from reliance on innate immune mechanisms to the appearance of adaptive immunity. using rainbow trout as a model we characterized responses to two natural pathogens of this species, the gram negative bacterium aeromonas salmonicida and the virus vhsv, using microarray analysis at four early life history sta ... | 2015 | 26487553 |
| effects of dietary linseed oil on innate immune system of eurasian perch and disease resistance after exposure to aeromonas salmonicida achromogen. | this study was designated to investigate the effects of dietary fish oil (fo diet) replacement by linseed oil (lo diet) on regulation of immune response and disease resistance in eurasian perch (perca fluviatilis). a control diet containing fish oil (fo = cod liver oil) and characterized by high levels of n-3 high lc-pufa (6% epa, 7.5% of total fatty acids (fas)) was compared to linseed oil diet (lo diet) composed of low lc-pufa contents (1% epa, 2.3% dha of total fas) but high c18 fatty acids l ... | 2015 | 26497094 |
| aeromonas salmonicida infection levels in pre- and post-stocked cleaner fish assessed by culture and an amended qpcr assay. | due to increasing resistance to chemical therapeutants, the use of 'cleaner fish' (primarily wrasse, labridae, species) has become popular in european salmon farming for biocontrol of the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis (krøyer). while being efficient de-licers, cleaner fish mortality levels in salmon cages are commonly high, and systemic bacterial infections constitute a major problem. atypical furunculosis, caused by aeromonas salmonicida a-layer types v and vi, is among the most common ... | 2016 | 26514414 |
| molecular and functional characterization of goldfish (carassius auratus l.) serum amyloid a. | quantitative expression analysis of goldfish saa revealed the highest mrna levels in the kidney, spleen and intestine with lower mrna levels in muscle and liver. goldfish saa was differentially expressed in goldfish immune cells with highest mrna levels observed in neutrophils. to functionally assess goldfish saa, recombinant protein (rgsaa) was generated by prokaryotic expression and functionally characterized. monocytes and macrophages treated with rgsaa exhibited differential gene expression ... | 2015 | 26523984 |
| high concentration of red clay as an alternative for antibiotics in aquaculture. | the use of antibiotics in aquaculture raises environmental and food safety concerns because chronic exposure of an aquatic ecosystem to antibiotics can result in the spread of antibiotic resistance, bioaccumulation of antibiotics in the organisms, and transfer of antibiotics to humans. in an attempt to overcome these problems, high-concentration red clay was applied as an alternative antibiotic against the following common fish pathogens: aeromonas salmonicida, vibrio alginolyticus, and streptoc ... | 2016 | 26528535 |
| vaccination against furunculosis in arctic char: efficacy of a commercial vaccine. | arctic char salvelinus alpinus are susceptible to furunculosis, a serious bacterial disease that affects the productivity of salmonid farms around the world. the objective of this laboratory study was to evaluate the efficacy of a commercially available vaccine against furunculosis in two strains of arctic char. labrador and nauyuk char were injected with aqua health furogen 2 or 0.9% nacl. at 87 and 108 d postvaccination, fish were challenged with aeromonas salmonicida by immersion. in both cha ... | 2006 | 26599045 |
| diversity and homogeneity among small plasmids of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida linked with geographical origin. | furunculosis, which is caused by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, is a major salmonid disease in fish farms worldwide. several plasmids found in this bacterium confer phenotypes such drug resistance and virulence. small plasmids (pasa1, pasa2, pasa3, and pasal1) related to cole1- and cole2-type replicons are usually present in its normal plasmidome. in the present study, with the objective to investigate if these plasmids display particularities related to the origin of the isolates bea ... | 2015 | 26635745 |
| comparative evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of different antimicrobial peptides against a range of pathogenic bacteria. | the rapid emergence of resistance to classical antibiotics has increased the interest in novel antimicrobial compounds. antimicrobial peptides (amps) represent an attractive alternative to classical antibiotics and a number of different studies have reported antimicrobial activity data of various amps, but there is only limited comparative data available. the mode of action for many amps is largely unknown even though several models have suggested that the lipopolysaccharides (lps) play a crucia ... | 2015 | 26656394 |
| antigens of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida specifically induced in vivo in oncorhynchus mykiss. | 2016 | 26661507 | |
| effect of nanophyetus salmincola and bacterial co-infection on mortality of juvenile chinook salmon. | the freshwater trematode nanophyetus salmincola has been demonstrated to impair salmonid immune function and resistance to the marine pathogen vibrio anguillarum, potentially resulting in ocean mortality. we examined whether infection by the parasite n. salmincola similarly increases mortality of juvenile chinook salmon oncorhynchus tshawytscha when they are exposed to the freshwater pathogens flavobacterium columnare or aeromonas salmonicida, two bacteria that juvenile salmonids might encounter ... | 2015 | 26671546 |
| bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: a review of the technology. | bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotic usage and several studies on their application in aquaculture have been reported. this review highlights progress to date on phage therapies for the following fish and shellfish diseases and associated pathogens: hemorrhagic septicemia (aeromonas hydrophila) in loaches, furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) in trout and salmon, edwardsiellosis (edwardsiella tarda) in eel, columnaris disease (flavobacterium columnare) in catfish, ra ... | 2017 | 26713223 |
| increasing genomic diversity and evidence of constrained lifestyle evolution due to insertion sequences in aeromonas salmonicida. | aeromonads make up a group of gram-negative bacteria that includes human and fish pathogens. the aeromonas salmonicida species has the peculiarity of including five known subspecies. however, few studies of the genomes of a. salmonicida subspecies have been reported to date. | 2016 | 26753691 |
| characterization of gp21 and gp12: two potential probiotic bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic cod. | this study evaluated the probiotic potential of gp21 (pseudomonas sp.) and gp12 (psychrobacter sp.), two bacteria isolated from the intestinal tract of a cold-water fish, atlantic cod. the antagonistic activity of the two intestinal bacteria against two fish pathogens (vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida) was studied under different physical conditions. further, their resistance to physiological barriers and their ability to form biofilms were examined. in addition, a ... | 2010 | 26781122 |
| challenge models for atypical aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio anguillarum in farmed ballan wrasse (labrus bergylta) and preliminary testing of a trial vaccine against atypical aeromonas salmonicida. | 2016 | 26849912 | |
| investigations on the role of the salmon louse, lepeophtheirus salmonis (caligidae), as a vector in the transmission of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | a bacteria-parasite challenge model was used to study the role of sea lice, lepeophtheirus salmonis (copepoda), as a vector of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. three hypotheses were tested: (i) l. salmonis can acquire a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida via water bath exposure; (ii) l. salmonis can acquire the bacteria via parasitizing infected atlantic salmon, salmo salar; and (iii) l. salmonis can transmit the bacteria to naïve atlantic salmon via parasitism. adult l. salmonis exposed t ... | 2016 | 26851068 |
| the aeromonas salmonicida lipopolysaccharide core from different subspecies: the unusual subsp. pectinolytica. | initial hydridization tests using aeromonas salmonicida typical and atypical strains showed the possibility of different lipopolysaccharide (lps) outer cores among these strains. by chemical structural analysis, lps-core sds-page gel migration, and functional and comparative genomics we demonstrated that typical a. salmonicida (subsp. salmonicida) strains and atypical subsp. masoucida and probably smithia strains showed the same lps outer core. a. salmonicida subsp. achromogenes strains show a s ... | 2016 | 26904002 |
| development of similar broth microdilution methods to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility of flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum. | flavobacterium columnare and f. psychrophilum are major fish pathogens that cause diseases that may require antimicrobial therapy. choice of appropriate treatment is dependent upon determining the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates. therefore we optimized methods for broth microdilution testing of f. columnare and f. psychrophilum to facilitate standardizing an antimicrobial susceptibility test. we developed adaptations to make reproducible broth inoculums and confirmed the proper incubati ... | 2016 | 26949840 |
| facile recoding of selenocysteine in nature. | selenocysteine (sec or u) is encoded by uga, a stop codon reassigned by a sec-specific elongation factor and a distinctive rna structure. to discover possible code variations in extant organisms we analyzed 6.4 trillion base pairs of metagenomic sequences and 24 903 microbial genomes for trna(sec) species. as expected, uga is the predominant sec codon in use. we also found trna(sec) species that recognize the stop codons uag and uaa, and ten sense codons. selenoprotein synthesis programmed by ua ... | 2016 | 26991476 |
| antibiotic resistance due to an unusual cole1-type replicon plasmid in aeromonas salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a fish pathogen known to have a rich plasmidome. in the present study, we discovered an isolate of this bacterium bearing an additional unidentified small plasmid. after having sequenced the dna of that isolate by next-generation sequencing, it appeared that the new small plasmid is a cole1-type replicon plasmid, named here pasa7. this plasmid bears a functional chloramphenicol-acetyltransferase-encoding gene (cat-pasa7) previously unknown in a. salmon ... | 2016 | 27028891 |
| cross talk between growth and immunity: coupling of the igf axis to conserved cytokine pathways in rainbow trout. | although disease and infection is associated with attenuated growth, the molecular pathways involved are poorly characterized. we postulated that the igf axis, a central governor of vertebrate growth, is repressed during infection to promote resource reallocation towards immunity. this hypothesis was tested in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) challenged by aeromonas salmonicida (as), a gram-negative bacterial pathogen, or viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (vhsv) at hatch, first feeding, and ... | 2016 | 27035654 |
| cold-water vibriosis. the current status of knowledge. | the current review for the first time summarizes the findings of the 30 years of research on cold-water vibriosis (cwv). the diseased caused by aliivibrio salmonicida (earlier known as vibrio salmonicida) was for the first time described in 1986 and became one of the most important bacterial diseases in salmon aquaculture. the lack of appropriate vaccine hampered development of atlantic salmon aquaculture until the late 1980s when a novel vaccine allowed dramatic increase in the atlantic salmon ... | 2017 | 27072873 |
| toll-like receptors in maraena whitefish: evolutionary relationship among salmonid fishes and patterns of response to aeromonas salmonicida. | toll-like receptors (tlrs) interact directly with particular pathogenic structures and are thus highly important to innate immunity. the present manuscript characterises a suite of 14 tlrs in maraena whitefish (coregonus maraena), a salmonid species with increasing importance for aquaculture. whitefish tlrs were structurally and evolutionary analysed. the results revealed a close relationship with tlrs from salmonid fish species rainbow trout and atlantic salmon. profiling the baseline expressio ... | 2016 | 27131902 |
| detection and quantification of aeromonas salmonicida in fish tissue by real-time pcr. | furunculosis, a septicaemic infection caused by the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, currently causes problems in danish seawater rainbow trout production. detection has mainly been achieved by bacterial culture, but more rapid and sensitive methods are needed. a previously developed real-time pcr assay targeting the plasmid encoded aopp gene of a. salmonicida was, in parallel with culturing, used for the examination of five organs of 40 fish from danish freshwater and seawate ... | 2017 | 27193829 |
| expression and antimicrobial activity of c-type lysozyme in taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). | lysozymes are important defense proteins of the innate immune system and possess high antibacterial activities. in the present study, a full-length c-type lysozyme cdna (htlysc) was cloned and characterized from taimen (hucho taimen, pallas). the cdna contains an open reading frame (orf) of 432 bp encoding 143 amino acid (aa), with 97% identity to lysc of rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). the amino acid sequence possessed a lyz1 domain (16-140 aa) which contained two conserved residues (glu 5 ... | 2016 | 27267655 |
| the effect of reducing agents on challenge of rainbow trout with aeromonas salmonicida. | 2017 | 27291986 | |
| aeromonas salmonicida: updates on an old acquaintance. | aeromonas salmonicida is the oldest known infectious agent to be linked to fish disease and constitutes a major bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular of salmonids. this bacterium can be found almost worldwide in both marine and freshwater environments and has been divided into several sub-species. in this review, we present the most recent developments concerning our understanding of this pathogen, including how the characterization of new isolates from non-salmonid hosts suggests a more nua ... | 2016 | 27304870 |
| infection routes of aeromonas salmonicida in rainbow trout monitored in vivo by real-time bioluminescence imaging. | recent development of imaging tools has facilitated studies of pathogen infections in vivo in real time. this trend can be exemplified by advances in bioluminescence imaging (bli), an approach that helps to visualize dissemination of pathogens within the same animal over several time points. here, we employ bacterial bli for examining routes of entry and spread of aeromonas salmonicida susbp. salmonicida in rainbow trout. a virulent danish a. salmonicida strain was tagged with pakgfplux1, a dual ... | 2017 | 27307098 |
| evaluation of different conditions and culture media for the recovery of aeromonas spp. from water and shellfish samples. | to perform a comparative study for determining the optimum culture method (direct plating or enrichment) and medium (ampicillin dextrin agar (ada), starch ampicillin agar (saa), bile salts irgasan brilliant green modified (bibg-m)) for recovering aeromonas species from water and shellfish samples. | 2016 | 27333573 |
| immunohistochemical study of inducible nitric oxide synthase and tumour necrosis factor alpha response in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) experimentally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida represents one of the major threats in aquaculture, especially in salmonid fish and turbot farming. in order to fight bacterial infections, fish have an immune system composed by innate and specific cellular and humoral elements analogous to those present in mammals. however, innate immunity plays a primordial role against bacterial infections in teleost fish. among these non-specific mechanisms, the production of nitric oxide (no) by inducible nitric oxi ... | 2016 | 27431586 |
| antimicrobial activities of bacteria associated with the brown alga padina pavonica. | macroalgae belonging to the genus padina are known to produce antibacterial compounds that may inhibit growth of human- and animal pathogens. hitherto, it was unclear whether this antibacterial activity is produced by the macroalga itself or by secondary metabolite producing epiphytic bacteria. here we report antibacterial activities of epiphytic bacteria isolated from padina pavonica (peacocks tail) located on northern coast of tunisia. eighteen isolates were obtained in pure culture and tested ... | 2016 | 27462308 |
| alterations of the gut microbiome of largemouth bronze gudgeon (coreius guichenoti) suffering from furunculosis. | high-throughput sequencing was applied to compare the intestinal microbiota in largemouth bronze gudgeon either healthy or affected by furunculosis. proteobacteria, actinobacteria, tenericutes, firmicutes and bacteroidetes were detected as the predominant bacterial phyla in the gut of both diseased and healthy fish. the abundance of proteobacteria differed significantly between the two groups of fish, mainly due to the overwhelming prevalence of aeromonas in the diseased fish (81% ± 17%), while ... | 2016 | 27465687 |
| aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida strains isolated from chinese freshwater fish contain a novel genomic island and possible regional-specific mobile genetic elements profiles. | two strains of aeromonas salmonicida, yk and bg, were isolated from largemouth bronze gudgeon and northern whitefish in china, and identified as a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida based on phylogenetic analysis of vapa and 16s rrna gene sequences. yk and bg originated from freshwater fish, one of which belonged to the cyprinid family, and the strains showed a difference in virulence. subsequently, we performed whole genome sequencing of the strains, and comparison of their genomic sequences to th ... | 2016 | 27493011 |
| pharmacokinetic model of florfenicol in turbot (scophthalmus maximus): establishment of optimal dosage and administration in medicated feed. | the pharmacokinetics of florfenicol (ff) in turbot (scophthalmus maximus) was studied after single intravenous (10 mg kg(-1) ) and oral (100 mg kg(-1) ) administration. the plasma concentration-time data of florfenicol were described by an open one-compartment model. the elimination half-life (t1/2 ) was estimated to be 21.0 h, and the total body clearance, cl, was determined as 0.028 l kg h(-1) . the apparent volume distribution (vd ) was calculated to be 0.86 l kg(-1) and the mean residence ti ... | 2017 | 27502011 |
| the flgt protein is involved in aeromonas hydrophila polar flagella stability and not affects anchorage of lateral flagella. | aeromonas hydrophila sodium-driven polar flagellum has a complex stator-motor. consist of two sets of redundant and non-exchangeable proteins (poma/pomb and poma2/pomb2), which are homologs to other sodium-conducting polar flagellum stator motors; and also two essential proteins (motx and moty), that they interact with one of those two redundant pairs of proteins and form the t-ring. in this work, we described an essential protein for polar flagellum stability and rotation which is orthologs to ... | 2016 | 27507965 |
| structural evidence of intramolecular propeptide inhibition of the aspzincin metalloendopeptidase asap1. | the gram-negative bacterium aeromonas salmonicida is a fish pathogen for various fish species worldwide. aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes produces the extracellular, toxic zinc endopeptidase asap1. crystal structure analyses at 2.0 å resolution of two proteolytically inactive asap1 variants show the polypeptide folding of the protease domain and the propeptide domain. these first crystal structure analyses of a precursor of a deuterolysin-like aspzincin protease provide insights into pr ... | 2016 | 27528449 |
| probiotic potential of autochthonous bacteria isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four freshwater teleosts. | in this study, a total of 121 bacterial strains were isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of four teleostean species, namely striped snakehead (channa striatus), striped dwarf catfish (mystus vittatus), orangefin labeo (labeo calbasu) and mrigal carp (cirrhinus mrigala), among which 8 isolates showed promising antibacterial activity against four potential fish pathogens, aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas sobria and pseudomonas fluorescens and were non-hemolytic. the isol ... | 2017 | 27557836 |
| a comparison of the response of diploid and triploid atlantic salmon (salmo salar) siblings to a commercial furunculosis vaccine and subsequent experimental infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | sterile triploid fish represent a solution to the problems associated with sexual maturation and escapees in aquaculture. however, as disease outbreaks continue to cause significant economic losses to the industry, it is essential that the response of triploids to disease and disease treatments be characterised. the aim of this study was to compare the response of triploid atlantic salmon to a commercial furunculosis vaccine with that of diploid fish, and to assess the vaccine efficacy in the tw ... | 2016 | 27569980 |
| metabolic profiling in kidneys of atlantic salmon infected with aeromonas salmonicida based on (1)h nmr. | aeromonas salmonicida, an important pathogenic bacterium which induces furunculosis, is globally causing increased risks in atlantic salmon (salmo salar) farming. although the kidney is the main target organ of a. salmonicida, the metabolic profiling of kidney in response to a. salmonicida in vivo remains unknown. here, we used (1)h nuclear magnetic resonance (nmr) to comprehensively analyze the metabolic changes in the kidney of atlantic salmon. through the noesypr1d spectrum combined with mult ... | 2016 | 27577538 |
| assessment of hemolytic activity, enzyme production and bacteriocin characterization of bacillus subtilis lr1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of fish. | in the present investigation, probiotic potential (antagonistic activity, enzyme production, hemolytic activity, biosafety, antibiotic sensitivity and bile tolerance level) of bacillus subtilis lr1 was evaluated. bacteriocin produced by the bacterial strain b. subtilis lr1 isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of labeo rohita was purified and characterized. the molecular weight of the purified bacteriocin was ~50 kda in 12 % native page and showed inhibitory activity against four fish pathoge ... | 2017 | 27590016 |
| positive correlation between aeromonas salmonicida vaccine antigen concentration and protection in vaccinated rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss evaluated by a tail fin infection model. | rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), are able to raise a protective immune response against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida (as) following injection vaccination with commercial vaccines containing formalin-killed bacteria, but the protection is often suboptimal under danish mariculture conditions. we elucidated whether protection can be improved by increasing the concentration of antigen (formalin-killed bacteria) in the vaccine. rainbow trout juveniles were vaccinated by intra ... | 2017 | 27593619 |
| pathogen-dependent role of turbot (scophthalmus maximus) interferon-gamma. | interferon-gamma has been typically described as a pro-inflammatory cytokine playing an important role in the resolution of both viral and bacterial diseases. nevertheless, some anti-inflammatory functions are also attributed to this molecule. in this work we have characterized for the first time the turbot (scophthalmus maximus) interferon-gamma gene (ifng) and its expression pattern under basal conditions, after type i ifns administration, and viral and bacterial infection. the intramuscular i ... | 2016 | 27742586 |
| the effects of increasing dietary levels of soy protein concentrate (spc) on the immune responses and disease resistance (furunculosis) of vaccinated and non-vaccinated atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) parr. | juvenile salmon, with an initial weight of 9 g, were fed three experimental diets, formulated to replace 35 (spc35), 58 (spc58) and 80 (spc80) of high quality fishmeal (fm) with soy protein concentrate (spc) in quadruplicate tanks. higher dietary spc inclusion was combined with increased supplementation of methionine, lysine, threonine and phosphorus. the experiment was carried out for 177 days. on day 92 salmon in each tank were bulk weighed. post weighing eighty salmon from each tank were redi ... | 2016 | 27742588 |
| diversity of antibiotic-resistance genes in canadian isolates of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida: dominance of psn254b and discovery of pasa8. | the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a common pathogen in fish farms worldwide. since the antibiotic resistance of this bacterial species is on the increase, it is important to have a broader view on this issue. in the present study, we tested the presence of known plasmids conferring multi-drug resistance as well as antibiotic resistance genes by a pcr approach in 100 canadian a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida isolates. our study highlighted the dominance of the conjugative ... | 2016 | 27752114 |
| st2 from rainbow trout quenches tlr signalling, localises at the nuclear membrane and allows the nuclear translocation of myd88. | the mammalian interleukin 1 receptor-like 1 receptor (il1rl1), commonly known as st2, is thought to downregulate tlr signalling by sequestering the signalling adapter myd88 (myeloid differentiation primary response protein 88). st2 sequences are known in several fish species, but none of them have functionally been examined. we characterised st2 from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss) and the structure of its encoding gene. the primary sequence of st2 is only weakly conserved from fish to human ... | 2017 | 27776995 |
| the mosaic architecture of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida pasa4 plasmid and its consequences on antibiotic resistance. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids, is an issue especially because many isolates of this bacterium display antibiotic resistances, which limit treatments against the disease. recent results suggested the possible existence of alternative forms of pasa4, a large plasmid found in a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and bearing multiple antibiotic resistance genes. the present study reveals the existence of two newly detected pasa4 variants, pas ... | 2016 | 27812409 |
| preliminary study on the in vitro and in vivo effects of asparagopsis taxiformis bioactive phycoderivates on teleosts. | several compounds from marine organisms have been studied for their potential use in aquaculture. among the red algae, asparagopsis taxiformis is considered one of the most promising species for the production of bioactive metabolites with numerous proposed applications. here, the in vitro antibacterial activity, the easy handling and the absence of adverse effects on marine fish species are reported. depending on the seasonal period of sampling, ethanol extracts of a. taxiformis exhibited signi ... | 2016 | 27826246 |
| multiple gene and transcript variants encoding trout c-polysaccharide binding proteins are differentially but strongly induced after infection with aeromonas salmonicida. | two 'trout c-polysaccharide-binding proteins,' tcbp1 and -2, with relevance to early inflammatory events have been discovered in the last century. the present study characterises the respective cdna sequences from rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss), including multiple tcbp1 transcript variants. these variants are generated either by the use of alternative splice sites or the exclusion of exons. the longest mrna isoform, tcbp1-1, encodes a 245-aa protein with a large signal peptide and a complem ... | 2017 | 27836722 |
| development of a sybr green i real-time pcr assay for specific identification of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subspecies salmonicida. | a sybr green i real-time polymerase chain reaction protocol for specific detection of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was developed and validated for rapid diagnosis of typical furunculosis. the sequence of the aopo gene of a. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, which encodes for a serine/threonine protein kinase linked to virulence, was chosen for primer design. the selected primers amplified a 119-bp internal fragment of the aopo gene. the specificity test proved that 10 ... | 2016 | 27838837 |
| aeromonas salmonicida type iii secretion system-effectors-mediated immune suppression in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the etiologic agent of furunculosis, is a major pathogen in aquaculture. together with other pathogens, it is characterized by the presence of a type 3 secretion system (t3ss). the t3ss is the main virulence mechanism of a. salmonicida. it is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate several toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. some of these factors have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, likely contributin ... | 2017 | 27923746 |
| identification of the ferric-acinetobactin outer membrane receptor in aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and structure-activity relationships of synthetic acinetobactin analogues. | aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, the causative agent of furunculosis in several fish species, produces acinetobactin and amonabactin as siderophores. in a previous study, we chemically characterized these siderophores and proposed a biosynthetic pathway based on genetic analysis. however, the internalization mechanisms of ferric-acinetobactin and ferric-amonabactin remain largely unknown. in the present study, we demonstrate that the outer membrane protein fstb is the ferric-acinetobact ... | 2017 | 27936588 |