Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| killed whole bacterial cells, a mucosal delivery system for the induction of immunity in the respiratory tract and middle ear: an overview. | infectious diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide with mucosal membranes being the most frequent portals of entry of pathogenic micro-organisms. this has prompted studies aimed at the development of vaccination protocols that would lead to an increased protection of mucosae through an understanding of the common mucosal immune system as an immune communication network between mucosal sites. recent studies have suggested that preferential sub-networks exist within th ... | 1999 | 10194839 |
| recent developments in streptogramin research. | the streptogramins are a class of antibiotics remarkable for their antibacterial activity and their unique mechanism of action. these antibiotics are produced naturally, but the therapeutic use of the natural compounds is limited because they do not dissolve in water. new semisynthetic derivatives, in particular the injectable streptogramin quinupristin/dalfopristin, offer promise for treating the rising number of infections that are caused by multiply resistant bacteria. the streptogramins cons ... | 1998 | 10197038 |
| clinical implications of resistance in the management of respiratory tract infections. | antibiotic resistance among the three major respiratory pathogens (streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis) has increased dramatically over the past 15 years, around the world. with s pneumoniae, penicillin resistance is reported in almost a quarter of isolates, with multiple resistance an increasing problem. the major concern with h influenzae is ampicillin resistance, mediated through two different mechanisms. in the case of m catarrhalis, beta-lactamase prod ... | 1999 | 10202229 |
| evolving patterns of resistance to respiratory pathogens in canada. | active surveillance of changing resistance patterns is difficult but important for rational therapeutic choices. in canada, penicillin resistance in streptococcus pneumoniae has evolved more slowly than in other countries (in europe and israel rates exceed 50%). currently, penicillin resistance is found in roughly 21% of canadian isolates, and cross-resistance is becoming common. beta-lactamase production is now found in approximately 28% of haemophilus influenzae isolates, although more recentl ... | 1999 | 10202230 |
| levofloxacin in the treatment of community acquired pneumonia. | levofloxacin is the first fluoroquinolone with enhanced activity against streptococcus pneumoniae to be released in canada. in vitro, it is active against more than 99% of isolates of s pneumoniae, even those resistant to penicillin. it is also active against respiratory pathogens such as haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and legionella species. when given orally, bioavailability is greater than 99%, and the drug is highly concentrated in ... | 1999 | 10202232 |
| management of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis. | in chronic bronchitis, a common respiratory illness marked by chronic productive cough and caused largely by cigarette smoking, bacterial exacerbations are thought to be a common cause of progressive airway damage. common bacterial pathogens, found in 50% to 60% of episodes, include haemophilus influenzae (the most common), as well as haemophilus parainfluenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. bacterial resistance to antibiotics, especially beta-lactam drugs such as amoxicill ... | 1999 | 10202233 |
| trends in the antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial respiratory tract pathogens--findings of the alexander project 1992-1996. | the alexander project is an ongoing, multicenter surveillance study of the antimicrobial susceptibility of community-acquired lower respiratory tract bacterial pathogens with testing undertaken in a central laboratory. during the period 1992-1995, isolates were collected from geographically separate centers in countries of the eu and various states in the usa. in 1996, the project was extended to centers in mexico, brazil, saudi arabia, south africa, hong kong and other european countries not pr ... | 1999 | 10207769 |
| basing empiric treatment choices for respiratory tract infection on the results of the alexander project. | for respiratory tract infection (rti), antibiotics should have proven clinical efficacy against the major pathogens involved-streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. as the pattern of resistance to antimicrobials changes, the clinical effectiveness of these agents should be reviewed. however, clinical trials are time consuming and costly, and alternative ways of predicting clinical efficacy using susceptibility data have been investigated. pharmacodynamic break ... | 1999 | 10207774 |
| comparative in vitro evaluation of dirithromycin tested against recent clinical isolates of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, and streptococcus pneumoniae, including effects of medium supplements and test conditions on mic results. | the use of macrolides for treatment of respiratory complaints has been complicated by susceptibility test conditions that adversely effect the in vitro test results and perceived potencies of these compounds. dirithromycin was studied as to its in vitro activity compared to other macrolides as well as the effects that environmental incubation variations and inoculum concentrations may have on susceptibility results. dirithromycin was less active than other macrolides tested (azithromycin clarith ... | 1999 | 10212755 |
| interpretation of middle ear fluid concentrations of antibiotics: comparison between ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin. | the aim of this study was to determine the potential influence of variables such as the cell content in the fluid, and serum levels, on the concentrations of ceftibuten, cefixime and azithromycin in the middle ear fluid of patients suffering from acute otitis media. | 1999 | 10215750 |
| identification of sequences in human transferrin that bind to the bacterial receptor protein, transferrin-binding protein b. | alignment of amino-acid sequences from the n-terminal and c-terminal halves of transferrin-binding protein b revealed an underlying bilobed nature with several regions of identity. based on this analysis, purified recombinant fusion proteins of maltose-binding protein (mbp) with intact tbpb, its n-terminal half or c-terminal half from the human pathogens neisseria meningitidis and moraxella catarrhalis were produced. solid-phase binding assays and affinity isolation assays demonstrated that the ... | 1999 | 10216864 |
| ferric enterobactin binding and utilization by neisseria gonorrhoeae. | feta, formerly designated frpb, an iron-regulated, 76-kda neisserial outer membrane protein, shows sequence homology to the tonb-dependent family of receptors that transport iron into gram-negative bacteria. although feta is commonly expressed by most neisserial strains and is a potential vaccine candidate for both neisseria gonorrhoeae and neisseria meningitidis, its function in cell physiology was previously undefined. we now report that feta functions as an enterobactin receptor. n. gonorrhoe ... | 1999 | 10217784 |
| [virus bacteria interactions in acute viral pneumonia in infancy: clinical and therapeutic consequences]. | although signs and symptoms may become severe, most viral respiratory infections of infancy are self-limited and improvement usually occurs within several days. patients hospitalized with viral pneumonia usually require supportive therapy, including oxygen and fluids, and eventually mechanical ventilation. bacterial superinfection can occur, accompanied by purulent sputum production and isolation of pathogenic bacteria from sputum. streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella cata ... | 1998 | 10223157 |
| in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone. | the in vitro and in vivo activities of t-3811me, a novel des-f(6)-quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with those of some fluoroquinolones, including a newly developed one, trovafloxacin. t-3811, a free base of t-3811me, showed a wide range of antimicrobial spectra, including activities against chlamydia trachomatis, mycoplasma pneumoniae, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. in particular, t-3811 exhibited potent activity against various gram-positive cocci, with mics at which 90% of the isolates ... | 1999 | 10223917 |
| in vitro development of resistance to five quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate in streptococcus pneumoniae. | the ability of 50 sequential subcultures in subinhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, grepafloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, and amoxicillin-clavulanate to select for resistance was studied for six penicillin-susceptible and four penicillin-intermediate pneumococci. subculturing in ciprofloxacin, grepafloxacin, levofloxacin, and sparfloxacin led to selection of mutants requiring increased mics for all 10 strains, with mics rising from (i) 0.5 to 4.0 to (ii) 4.0 to 32.0 mi ... | 1999 | 10223932 |
| emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance among multiply resistant strains of streptococcus pneumoniae in hong kong. | the mics of 17 antimicrobial agents for 181 streptococcus pneumoniae strains were determined by the e-test. overall, 69.1% were penicillin resistant (mic > 0.06 microgram/ml). resistance to ciprofloxacin (mic > 2 microgram/ml), levofloxacin (mic > 2 microgram/ml), or trovafloxacin (mic > 1 microgram/ml) was found in 12.1, 5.5, or 2.2% of the strains, respectively. these high rates of resistance raise concerns for the future. | 1999 | 10223962 |
| determination of the antimicrobial susceptibilities of canadian isolates of haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae and moraxella catarrhalis. canadian antimicrobial study group. | the susceptibility of canadian isolates of three respiratory tract pathogens (haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae) to several antimicrobial agents were tested by two different methods. beta-lactamase was produced by 68/211 (32.2%) of h. influenzae isolates and 64/75 (85.3%) of m. catarrhalis isolates. for s. pneumoniae, 19/156 (12.2%) isolates were resistant to penicillin (mic > or = 0.12 mg/l) and two isolates had mics of 1.5 mg/l. for some combinations of ... | 1999 | 10225568 |
| infectious exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: diagnosis and management. | chronic bronchitis is an increasing cause of significant morbidity and mortality. despite treatment, respiratory tract infection is the most common identifiable cause of death for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. repeated infectious exacerbations may ultimately cause acute and chronic lung injury. the most common bacterial aetiologies of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) include haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae. pseudom ... | 1999 | 10225579 |
| the effects of s-carboxymethylcysteine and n-acetylcysteine on the adherence of moraxella catarrhalis to human pharyngeal epithelial cells. | we investigated the effects of two mucoregulating drugs, s-carboxymethylcysteine (s-cmc) and n-acetylcysteine (nac), on the attachment of moraxella catarrhalis (m. catarrhalis) to pharyngeal epithelial cells. the attachment of m. catarrhalis decreased (33-57%) significantly (p<0.01) in a dose-dependent manner in cells treated with mucoregulating drugs as compared to the control. there was a significant (p<0.01) decrease (35-45%) in the attachment of m. catarrhalis to pharyngeal cells after oral ... | 1999 | 10229264 |
| multidrug-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae in poland: identification of emerging clones. | penicillin resistance among streptococcus pneumoniae isolates has rapidly emerged in poland during the last decade and has reached prevalence levels of up to 14.4% in 1997. in order to investigate the nature of this increase, a molecular epidemiological analysis of non-penicillin-susceptible multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated in 1995 and 1996 was conducted. thirty-seven patients who suffered mainly from upper respiratory tract infections and pneumococcal pneumonia were enrolled in this stu ... | 1999 | 10325317 |
| activity of gatifloxacin against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis, including susceptibility test development, e-test comparisons, and quality control guidelines for h. influenzae. | in vitro antimicrobial activity and susceptibility testing interpretation criteria and quality control were studied for gatifloxacin, a new 8-methoxy fluoroquinolone, tested against haemophilus influenzae. moraxella catarrhalis (600 strains) and h. influenzae (1,400 strains) from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program in north america (canada and the united states) were also tested against gatifloxacin and 12 other antimicrobial agents. gatifloxacin (mic at which 90% of the isolates are i ... | 1999 | 10325362 |
| comparative study of dirithromycin and azithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | we compared the clinical and microbiological efficacy of dirithromycin with that of azithromycin in outpatients with acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis who could be graded into stage iii according to ball's system of stratification. a total of 80 patients was studied. of these, 40 were treated with dirithromycin as a once-daily dose of 500 mg for 5 days, and 40 with azithromycin as a once-daily dose of 500 mg for 3 days. at post-therapy, treatment success (cure or improvement) w ... | 1999 | 10326742 |
| development and validation of a multiplex pcr-based assay for the upper respiratory tract bacterial pathogens haemophilus influenzae, streptococcus pneumoniae, and moraxella catarrhalis. | background: conventional simplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr)-based assays are limited in that they only provide for the detection of a single infectious agent. many clinical diseases, however, present in a nonspecific, or syndromic, fashion, thereby necessitating the simultaneous assessment of multiple pathogens. panel-based molecular diagnostic testing can be accomplished by the development of multiplex pcr-based assays, which can detect, individually or severally, different pathogens that ... | 1996 | 10330195 |
| carriage of respiratory tract pathogens and molecular epidemiology of streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in healthy children attending day care centers in lisbon, portugal. | in an effort to establish the rate of carriage of antibiotic resistant respiratory pathogens in children attending urban day care centers (dcc) in portugal, seven dcc in lisbon were selected for determining the rate of nasopharyngeal colonization of children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years by streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae, and moraxella catarrhalis. of the 586 children studied between january and march 1996, 47% carried s. pneumoniae, 72% h. influenzae, and 54% m. cata ... | 1999 | 10332718 |
| postantibiotic effect and postantibiotic sub-mic effect of dirithromycin and erythromycin against respiratory tract pathogenic bacteria. | the postantibiotic effect (pae) of dirithromycin and erythromycin against strains streptococcus pyogenes group a m12, nctc p1800, streptococcus pneumoniae 23, staphylococcus aureus oxford strain 209, moraxella catarrhalis 15616 and haemophilus influenzae 5590 was investigated in vitro and in vivo by use of the tissue cage model in rabbits. by exposing strains to 2.5-5 x mic levels for 6 h or 12 h, both compounds induced in vitro paes of 1-9 h, and in two cases >20 h. cultures in the pae-phase we ... | 1999 | 10335955 |
| protection against development of otitis media induced by nontypeable haemophilus influenzae by both active and passive immunization in a chinchilla model of virus-bacterium superinfection. | three separate studies, two involving active-immunization regimens and one involving a passive-transfer protocol, were conducted to initially screen and ultimately more fully assess several nontypeable haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins or their derivatives for their relative protective efficacy in chinchilla models of otitis media. initial screening of these antigens (p5-fimbrin, lipoprotein d, and p6), delivered singly or in combination with either freund's adjuvant or alum, indica ... | 1999 | 10338477 |
| tissue culture adherence and haemagglutination characteristics of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | the haemagglutination and tissue culture adherence properties of 20 isolates of moraxella catarrhalis obtained from the sputum of elderly patients with lower respiratory tract infections were compared with those of 20 isolates of m. catarrhalis obtained from the nasopharynx of elderly persons colonised by the organism. eighty percent of isolates from the infected group as opposed to 5% of isolates from the colonised group haemagglutinated human erythrocytes (p < 0.001), indicating that the haema ... | 1999 | 10340719 |
| microbiology of the middle meatus in children requiring adenotonsillectomy. | middle meatus samples were cultured in 120 children undergoing adenotonsillectomy with, or without, insertion of ventilation tubes. every child (except one) had positive cultures. haemophilus influenzae (62 per cent of the children), moraxella catarrhalis (53 per cent) and streptococcus pneumoniae (48 per cent) were the most commonly isolated bacteria. the presence of moraxella catarrhalis and (to a lesser extent) streptococcus pneumoniae was higher in younger children, while haemophilus influen ... | 1999 | 10341914 |
| antibacterial management of acute and chronic sinusitis. | sinusitis is a common disorder in both children and adults. it is responsible for significant absenteeism from school and work. up to 10% of upper respiratory infections in children are complicated by acute sinusitis. since antibacterial therapy is most often empirically chosen to treat the disorder, knowledge of the typical etiologic agents as well as awareness of the antibacterial susceptibility profiles in a given community are of paramount importance. the need for consistently bactericidal a ... | 1999 | 10346192 |
| linezolid activity compared to those of selected macrolides and other agents against aerobic and anaerobic pathogens isolated from soft tissue bite infections in humans. | linezolid was tested against 420 aerobes and anaerobes, including 148 pasteurella isolates, by an agar dilution method. linezolid was active against all pasteurella multocida subsp. multocida and p. multocida subsp. septica isolates and most pasteurella canis, pasteurella dagmatis, and pasteurella stomatis isolates. the mic was </=2 microg/ml for staphylococci, streptococci, ef-4b, weeksella zoohelcum, fusobacterium nucleatum, other fusobacteria, porphyromonas spp., prevotella spp., peptostrepto ... | 1999 | 10348773 |
| activity of gatifloxacin compared to those of five other quinolones versus aerobic and anaerobic isolates from skin and soft tissue samples of human and animal bite wound infections. | the activity of gatifloxacin against 308 aerobes and 112 anaerobes isolated from bite wound infections was studied. gatifloxacin was active at </=0.016 microg/ml against all 148 pasteurella isolates (eight species and three subspecies) tested and all other aerobes tested, including actinobacillus-haemophilus spp., eikenella corrodens, neisseria weaveri, weeksella zoohelcum, staphylococci, and streptococci. fusobacteria were sometimes resistant. gatifloxacin mics at which 90% of the isolates were ... | 1999 | 10348774 |
| pharmacokinetics and inflammatory-fluid penetration of moxifloxacin following oral or intravenous administration. | a single 400-mg oral or intravenous (i.v.) dose of moxifloxacin was given to each of eight healthy male volunteers, and 6 weeks later the dose was administered by the other route. the concentrations of the drug in plasma, cantharidin-induced inflammatory fluid, and urine were measured over the subsequent 24 h. the mean maximum concentrations observed in plasma were 4.98 microg/ml after oral dosing and 5.09 microg/ml after i.v. dosing. the mean maximum concentrations attained in the inflammatory ... | 1999 | 10348784 |
| levofloxacin versus cefuroxime axetil in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis: results of a randomized, double-blind study. | a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, three-arm parallel design, multicentre study was conducted among adult patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) in order to compare the efficacy and safety of two different doses of levofloxacin with cefuroxime axetil. a total of 832 patients were randomized to receive oral levofloxacin (250 mg od or 500 mg od) or oral cefuroxime axetil (250 mg bd) for 7-10 days. the primary efficacy analysis was based on the clinical response in pat ... | 1999 | 10350383 |
| five-day dirithromycin therapy is as effective as seven-day erythromycin therapy for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | in a meta-analysis of two identically designed, well-controlled, randomized, double-blind clinical trials, we compared 5 days of dirithromycin with 7 days of erythromycin for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. five hundred and thirty-one patients were randomized to receive dirithromycin (500 mg od) for 5 days and 526 patients were randomized to receive erythromycin (250 mg qid) for 7 days. clinical and bacteriological responses were assessed 3-5 days after therapy and at termination from ... | 1999 | 10350384 |
| one dose ceftriaxone vs. ten days of amoxicillin/clavulanate therapy for acute otitis media: clinical efficacy and change in nasopharyngeal flora. | to compare the efficacy and the safety of a single intramuscular dose of ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg, vs. a 10-day course of amoxicillin/clavulanate (amox/clav) therapy, 80 mg/kg/day of amoxicillin: 10 mg/kg/day of clavulanate in three divided doses, in children with acute otitis media (aom) and to evaluate the changes in nasopharyngeal flora after treatment. | 1999 | 10353511 |
| antimicrobial activity and spectrum of sch27899 (ziracin) tested against gram-positive species including recommendations for routine susceptibility testing methods and quality control. quality control study group. | sch27899 is an oligosaccharide, everninomicin antibiotic with activity primarily against gram-positive pathogens. the activity of sch27899 was evaluated against 360 routine clinical isolates by the broth microdilution (bmd), agar dilution (ad), disk diffusion (dd), and etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) methods. in addition, results from a nine center sch27899 quality control (qc) trial were used to establish qc ranges. sch27899 mics for 330 gram-positive strains, including multiply-resistant sta ... | 1999 | 10354859 |
| reliable and easy identification of bacterial acute respiratory infections of childhood. | to identify the causative bacteria in childhood acute respiratory infections (ari) and to determine the usefulness of pus cell counts in differentiating between pathogenic and commensal bacteria, cultured from nasopharyngeal aspirates. | 1998 | 10355173 |
| [recurrent respiratory tract infection caused by moraxella catarrhalis in patients with pneumoconiosis]. | moraxella catarrhalis is recognised as a major pathogen in chronic respiratory diseases. patients with pneumoconiosis have repeated respiratory infections, and the control is very important for good prognosis. from 1988 to 1993, fifty strains of moraxella catarrhalis were obtained from 9 patients with pneumoconiosis attended at nagasaki rosai hospital. restriction enzyme analysis of chromosomal dna by hind iii. hae iii, cla i was performed on 50 strains of m. catarrhalis. twelve strains (56%) ou ... | 1999 | 10356888 |
| [a nosocomial outbreak of moraxella catarrhalis confirmed by restriction enzyme analysis]. | 1999 | 10356896 | |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens in the oropharynx of healthy children. | in a study to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens in the oropharynx of healthy children, throat swabs obtained from 1765 children were cultured and the organisms recovered tested by the disk diffusion method and the e test. six hundred ninety-one children (39.1%) harbored haemophilus influenzae, 112 (6.3%) streptococcus pyogenes, 73 (4.1%) moraxella catarrhalis, 52 (2.9%) streptococcus pneumoniae, and 50 (2.8%) neisseria meningitidis in their orophary ... | 1999 | 10357059 |
| in vitro activities of macrolides against gram-positive aerobes, haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and bacteroides fragilis in taiwan. | new macrolides with improved pharmacokinetic characteristics have been developed and introduced for clinical use in taiwan. in order to understand the antibacterial activities of these new macrolides, we tested their in vitro activities against common pathogenic bacteria. | 1999 | 10367484 |
| bacteriology of the middle meatus in children. | little is known about the bacteriology of the middle meatus in children. therefore, middle meatal samples were obtained from 50 children who underwent adenoidectomy or adenotonsillectomy, while a group of 50 children submitted to minor non-ent surgical procedures, were used as a control group. haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae were the most frequent cultured organisms, not only in the ent group (in 68, 50 and 60% of the children respectively) but also in ... | 1999 | 10375042 |
| preparation and antimicrobial studies of acyclic sulfamates. | a series of acyclic sulfamates have been prepared and tested for antimicrobial activity. thus, the oxysulfonyl isocyanates, roso2nco (1a, r = 4-methoxyphenyl; 1b, r = phenyl; 1c, r = 4-chlorophenyl and 1d, r = 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl) have been prepared in 76-91% yield from chlorosulfonyl isocyanate. treatment of 1a-d with glycidol gave the glycidyl carbamates 2a d. internal cyclisation afforded the corresponding 4-hydroxymethyl-2-oxazolidinones 3a-d, which in turn were hydrolysed to give the free ... | 1999 | 10377951 |
| dynamics of interleukin-1 production in middle ear fluid during acute otitis media treated with antibiotics. | in an ongoing prospective study, il-1 concentrations were measured in 78 children (aged 3-36 months) with acute otitis media receiving antibiotics. middle ear fluid il-1 concentrations were determined using elisa kits. ninety-eight middle ear fluid samples were obtained by tympanocentesis at enrollment (day 1) and 43 samples were collected on days 4-5. ninety-two pathogens were isolated in 77/98 samples obtained on day 1: 55 haemophilus influenzae, 34 streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 moraxella catarr ... | 1999 | 10378127 |
| a review of the comparative in-vitro activities of 12 antimicrobial agents, with a focus on five new respiratory quinolones'. | the efficacies of many antimicrobial agents are being threatened by a global increase in the numbers of resistant bacterial pathogens--microorganisms that were once susceptible to some of these agents. in particular, antimicrobial resistance amongst strains of haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and streptococcus pneumoniae has limited the usefulness of first-line agents in some clinical settings. quinolones were introduced in the 1980s and represented a significant therapeutic advance ... | 1999 | 10382869 |
| antimicrobial activity and accumulation of moxifloxacin in quinolone-susceptible bacteria. | the antibacterial activity of moxifloxacin, compared with that of ciprofloxacin, was determined for five strains of staphylococcus aureus, including one nora-overproducing strain, two quinolone-susceptible strains of streptococcus pneumoniae, four quinolone-susceptible strains of haemophilus influenzae, and one strain each of quinolone-susceptible escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and moraxella catarrhalis. in addition, the accumulation of moxifloxacin and ciprofloxacin by the nctc type s ... | 1999 | 10382874 |
| characterization of the moraxella catarrhalis uspa1 and uspa2 genes and their encoded products. | the uspa1 and uspa2 genes of m. catarrhalis o35e encode two different surface-exposed proteins which were previously shown to share a 140-amino-acid region with 93% identity (c. aebi, i. maciver, j. l. latimer, l. d. cope, m. k. stevens, s. e. thomas, g. h. mccracken, jr., and e. j. hansen, infect. immun. 65:4367-4377, 1997). the n-terminal amino acid sequences of the mature forms of both uspa1 and uspa2 from strain o35e were determined after enzymatic treatment to remove the n-terminal pyroglut ... | 1999 | 10383971 |
| a review of worldwide experience with sparfloxacin in the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia and acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | the worldwide occurrence of community-acquired pneumonia (cap) shows an undiminished prevalence of this serious illness and hospitalisation is common in those patients with severe illness. the diversity of bacterial pathogens that can act as aetiologic agents presents a challenge to initial empiric antimicrobial management. in recent years, treatment has been further complicated by an increased incidence of antibiotic resistance in pathogens such as streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenz ... | 1999 | 10389642 |
| activity of moxifloxacin, administered once a day, against streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection. | the antibacterial effect of moxifloxacin was studied by using an in vitro pharmacodynamic model of infection with dosing simulations of 400 mg every 24 h for 48 h. streptococcus pneumoniae was tested by using four wild-type strains for which the moxifloxacin mics were 0. 008, 0.12, 0.14, and 3.6 mg/liter. in addition, two isogenic mutants, generated from the strains for which the moxifloxacin mics were </=0.12 mg/liter and for which the mics were 1.0 and 1.6 mg/liter, were also used. antibacteri ... | 1999 | 10390203 |
| in vitro activity of hsr-903, a new oral quinolone, against bacteria causing respiratory infections. | the in vitro activity of hsr-903, an oral quinolone, against 196 recent clinical isolates of respiratory pathogens was evaluated. hsr-903 was 2 to 32 times more active than ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and sparfloxacin against staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant strains, and streptococcus pneumoniae and was at least as active as the other quinolones against gram-negative pathogens. | 1999 | 10390240 |
| acute purulent exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and chlamydia pneumoniae infection. | in order to investigate the role of bacteria, including mycoplasma pneumoniae and especially chlamydia pneumoniae in acute purulent exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd), we examined sputum specimens and acute and convalescent sera taken 26 d apart from 49 outpatients experiencing an acute purulent exacerbation of copd. the sera were tested for antibodies to c. pneumoniae with the microimmunofluorescence test, and for antibodies to m. pneumoniae with the indirect fluoresc ... | 1999 | 10390424 |
| risk factors for carriage of respiratory pathogens in the nasopharynx of healthy children. ascanius project collaborative group. | to assess risk factors for nasopharyngeal carriage of streptococcus pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis in a large sample of healthy children. | 1999 | 10391181 |
| comparison of the in vitro activity of and pathogen responses to sparfloxacin with those of other agents in the treatment of respiratory tract, urinary tract, and skin and skin-structure infections. | the in vitro activity of and pathogen responses to sparfloxacin were compared with those of standard therapies for the treatment of patients with community-acquired pneumonia, complicated skin or skin-structure infections, urinary tract infections, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, and acute maxillary sinusitis in 7 multicenter controlled trials in north america. sparfloxacin was administered orally as a 400-mg loading dose followed by 200 mg once daily for up to 10 days. the ... | 1999 | 10397375 |
| isolation of respiratory bacterial pathogens from the throats of healthy infants fed by different methods. | most bacterial infections are caused by organisms that have already colonized the host. bacterial attachment to pharyngeal cells and proliferation may be necessary to infect the lower respiratory tract or middle ear. we investigated the incidence of pathogenic bacteria isolated from the throat of healthy infants with different feeding methods. the protecting role of breastmilk is also discussed. the incidence of respiratory bacterial pathogens isolated from the oropharynx of 113 normal infants w ... | 1999 | 10401200 |
| in-vitro activity of levofloxacin, a new fluoroquinolone: evaluation against haemophilus influenzae and moraxella catarrhalis. | the in-vitro activity of levofloxacin was studied against 10 beta-lactamase-negative and 93 beta-lactamase-positive moraxella catarrhalis isolates, and 65 beta-lactamase-negative and 35 beta-lactamase-positive haemophilus influenzae isolates. the mics of levofloxacin were determined by agar dilution on mueller-hinton agar (with the addition of 5% horse blood for m. catarrhalis) or on haemophilus test medium for h. influenzae, and were compared with those of ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin and sparfloxa ... | 1999 | 10404333 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of levofloxacin against isolates of bacteria from adult patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. | this study was conducted to evaluate the activity of levofloxacin in comparison with a range of antibacterial agents against recent isolates obtained consecutively from patients with community-acquired pneumonia (cap) or acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (aecb) during the period 1995 to 1996. susceptibility testing was carried out by either microdilution or the etest, and interpreted according to nccls breakpoints. the activity of levofloxacin was compared with that of amoxycillin, amoxyc ... | 1999 | 10404336 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against hospital isolates: a multicentre study. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin, against hospital isolates of bacteria. mics of levofloxacin were determined for 2154 strains by agar dilution. breakpoints for susceptibility testing were calculated using the agar diffusion technique with 5 micrograms discs. the activity of levofloxacin against nalidixic acid- and pefloxacin-susceptible enterobacteriaceae (n = 668) was higher (mic50/90 0.06-0.12 mg/l) than previously reported for oflo ... | 1999 | 10404337 |
| clinical effectiveness of levofloxacin in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: the relationship with in-vitro activity. | the objective of this randomized, double-blind study was to compare the clinical efficacy of levofloxacin at two different dosages with that of cefuroxime axetil in patients with acute purulent exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and, in particular, to assess the impact of the susceptibility to levofloxacin on the clinical findings. in total, 124 evaluable patients were treated for 7 days with oral levofloxacin 250 mg or 500 mg od, or cefuroxime axetil 250 mg bd. sputum cultures were monitored p ... | 1999 | 10404344 |
| analysis of the immunological responses to transferrin and lactoferrin receptor proteins from moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis expresses surface receptor proteins that specifically bind host transferrin (tf) and lactoferrin (lf) in the first step of the iron acquisition pathway. acute- and convalescent-phase antisera from a series of patients with m. catarrhalis pulmonary infections were tested against tf and lf receptor proteins purified from the corresponding isolates. after the purified proteins had been separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and western blotting, ... | 1999 | 10417140 |
| infection of primary human bronchial epithelial cells by haemophilus influenzae: macropinocytosis as a mechanism of airway epithelial cell entry. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae is an exclusive human pathogen which infects the respiratory epithelium. we have initiated studies to explore the interaction of the nontypeable h. influenzae strain 2019 with primary human airway epithelial cells by electron and confocal microscopy. primary human airway cell cultures were established as monolayers on glass collagen-coated coverslips or on semipermeable membranes at an air-fluid interface. scanning electron microscopy indicated that bacteria ad ... | 1999 | 10417188 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate against respiratory pathogens. | after 30 years of therapeutic use, thiamphenicol glycinate acetylcysteinate (cas 20192-91-0) is still widely employed in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections. this is due to its particular characteristic to exert at pulmonary level, either the antibacterial activity of thiamphenicol (cas 15318-45-3) and the mucolytic activity of n-acetylcysteine (cas 616-91-1). the aim of this study was to evaluate the present pattern of susceptibility of several clinical isolates to thi ... | 1999 | 10417871 |
| selection of resistant variants of respiratory pathogens by quinolones. | quinolones are widely used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections. however, some disquiet has been expressed over using quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia since their activity is generally rather poor against streptococcus pneumoniae. in addition, it is known that resistant variants emerge at a fairly high frequency during exposure of enterobacteriaceae to quinolones; if this also occurred during quinolone treatment of community-acquired pneumonia it could lead to an increased ... | 1999 | 10418757 |
| construction of a genomic map of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis atcc 25238 and physical mapping of virulence-associated genes. | a physical genome map of the moraxella catarrhalis type strain (atcc 25238) has been constructed using pulsed field gel electrophoresis. macrorestriction analyses of the genome of m. catarrhalis were performed by digestion with the restriction enzymes smai, noti, and rsrii, which cleave the single circular chromosome into 9, 10, and 6 fragments, respectively. the chromosomal fragments generated by pulsed field gel electrophoresis were converted to a linkage map utilizing a combination of partial ... | 1999 | 10420581 |
| relationship between bacterial flora in sputum and functional impairment in patients with acute exacerbations of copd. study group of bacterial infection in copd. | to investigate the possible relationship between functional respiratory impairment measured by fev1 and isolation of diverse pathogens in the sputum of patients with exacerbations of copd. | 1999 | 10424501 |
| activities of trovafloxacin compared with those of other fluoroquinolones against purified topoisomerases and gyra and grla mutants of staphylococcus aureus. | frequencies of mutation to resistance with trovafloxacin and four other quinolones were determined with quinolone-susceptible staphylococcus aureus rn4220 by a direct plating method. first-step mutants were selected less frequently with trovafloxacin (1.1 x 10(-10) at 2 to 4x the mic) than with levofloxacin or ciprofloxacin (3.0 x 10(-7) to 3.0 x 10(-8) at 2 to 4x the mic). mutants with a change in grla (ser80-->phe or tyr) were most commonly selected with trovafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxa ... | 1999 | 10428901 |
| effect of carbon dioxide on testing of susceptibilities of respiratory tract pathogens to macrolide and azalide antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activities of erythromycin, azithromycin, and clarithromycin against 178 clinical isolates from the lower respiratory tract of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease were determined by an agar dilution method. the plates were incubated in air alone or in 5% carbon dioxide. the mics measured in air alone were lower for most isolates than those measured in 5% carbon dioxide, illustrating the "ph effect" of incubation in carbon dioxide. testing of isolates in 5% carbon dio ... | 1999 | 10428903 |
| susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae to 10 oral antimicrobial agents based on pharmacodynamic parameters: 1997 u.s. surveillance study. | the susceptibilities of streptococcus pneumoniae (1,476 strains) and untypeable haemophilus influenzae (1,676 strains) to various oral beta-lactam, macrolide-azalide, and fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents were determined by broth microdilution. organisms were isolated from specimens obtained from outpatients in six geographic regions of the united states. mic data were interpreted according to pharmacodynamically derived breakpoints applicable to the oral agents tested. among h. influenzae st ... | 1999 | 10428910 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of ljc 11,036, an active metabolite of l-084, a new oral carbapenem antibiotic with potent antipneumococcal activity. | ljc 11,036 is the active metabolite of l-084, a novel oral carbapenem that exhibits potent broad-spectrum activity. antibacterial activities of ljc 11,036 against clinical isolates from respiratory infections, such as streptococcus pneumoniae (n = 52), streptococcus pyogenes (n = 19), haemophilus influenzae (n = 50), klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 53), and moraxella catarrhalis (n = 53), and from urinary-tract infections, such as escherichia coli (n = 53) (mics at which 90% of the isolates were inhi ... | 1999 | 10428928 |
| activity of telithromycin (hmr 3647) against anaerobic bacteria compared to those of eight other agents by time-kill methodology. | time-kill studies examined the activities of telithromycin (hmr 3647), erythromycin a, azithromycin, clarithromycin, roxithromycin, clindamycin, pristinamycin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, and metronidazole against 11 gram-positive and gram-negative anaerobic bacteria. time-kill studies were carried out with the addition of oxyrase in order to prevent the introduction of co(2). macrolide-azalide-ketolide mics were 0.004 to 32.0 microg/ml. of the latter group, telithromycin had the lowest mics, espec ... | 1999 | 10428930 |
| determination of the etiological organism during acute exacerbations of copd and efficacy of azithromycin, ampicillin-sulbactam, ciprofloxacin and cefaclor. turkish thoracic society copd working group. | acute exacerbations, most of which are due to lower respiratory tract infections, cause great morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd) and most of these are due to lower respiratory tract infections. the aim of this study was to determine the causative organism and the effects of azithromycin, ampicillin sulbactam (sultamicillin), ciprofloxacin and cefaclor monohydrate therapy in copd. one hundred and six patients with copd in acute exacerbation were ... | 1999 | 10435684 |
| resistance to antimicrobials used for therapy of otitis media and sinusitis: effect of previous antimicrobial therapy and smoking. | we undertook to identify the antimicrobial susceptibility of the pathogens isolated from patients with otitis media or maxillary sinusitis who failed to respond to antimicrobial therapy, and correlate it with previous antimicrobial therapy and smoking. we analyzed isolates recovered from 2 consecutive cultures obtained from middle ear aspirate obtained through an open perforation in 22 children with otitis, and maxillary sinus aspirate collected by endoscopy from 20 patients. forty-seven isolate ... | 1999 | 10435921 |
| [clinical contribution of the newer fluoroquinolones in acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis]. | acute exacerbations occur frequently in patients with chronic bronchitis and the majority of these patients benefit from antimicrobial therapy. the ideal antimicrobial agent for the management of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb) should have good activity against the common bacterial pathogens associated with these exacerbations (non-typable haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis and pneumococci); it should be resistant to bacterial betalactamases; penetrate well into pulmo ... | 1999 | 10436551 |
| moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis bro beta-lactamase: a lipoprotein of gram-positive origin? | in the past 20 years, bro beta-lactamase-producing moraxella catarrhalis strains have emerged. we show that bro is expressed as a 33-kda lipoprotein associated with the inner leaflet of the outer membrane. to our knowledge, this is the first description of a lipidated beta-lactamase in a gram-negative species. | 1999 | 10438784 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterium species in smears of mycobacterium cultures. | tb pna fish is a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method using peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes for differentiation between species of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in acid-fast bacillus-positive (afb+) cultures is described. the test is based on fluorescein-labelled pna probes that target the rrna of mtc or ntm species applied to smears of afb+ cultures for microscopic examination. parallel testing with the two probes serves as ... | 1999 | 10449448 |
| comparison of pcr, culture, and direct fluorescent-antibody testing for detection of bordetella pertussis. | we prospectively compared the performance of culture, direct fluorescent-antibody testing (dfa), and an in-house-developed pcr test targeting the repeated insertion sequence is481 for the detection of bordetella pertussis in nasopharyngeal swab specimens. we tested 319 consecutive paired specimens on which all three tests were performed. a total of 59 specimens were positive by one or more tests. of these, 5 were positive by all three tests, 2 were positive by culture and pcr, 16 were positive b ... | 1999 | 10449467 |
| analysis of antigenic structure and human immune response to outer membrane protein cd of moraxella catarrhalis. | moraxella catarrhalis is an important cause of otitis media in children and lower respiratory tract infections in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (copd). outer membrane protein cd (omp cd) is a 45-kda protein which is a potential vaccine antigen to prevent infections caused by m. catarrhalis. eight monoclonal antibodies were used to study the antigenic structure of the omp cd molecule by assaying recombinant peptides corresponding to the sequence of the protein. this approach i ... | 1999 | 10456903 |
| human beta-defensin-1 mrna is transcribed in tympanic membrane and adjacent auditory canal epithelium. | the external auditory canal is less susceptible to infections than the sensitive middle-ear cavity. since recent research has provided insight to the production of potent antimicrobial peptides from various surface epithelia, we wanted to investigate whether protection of the external auditory canal in part could be explained by the production of human beta-defensin-1 (hbd-1). this particular peptide is known to be constitutively expressed in various surface epithelia, such as airway, skin, and ... | 1999 | 10456939 |
| dna restriction patterns produced by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis in moraxella catarrhalis isolated from different geographical areas. | pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) of the genomic dna of moraxella catarrhalis was done in 172 strains isolated from sputum of patients with respiratory infections in nagasaki (130 strains), europe (14 strains), thailand (6 strains), uganda (3 strains), bangladesh (5 strains) and kuwait (14 strains). restriction endonuclease with smai generated 4-16 dna fragments ranging from 1000 kb to 24.25 kb and was classified into 31 major groups. it was found that there were wide variations of dna res ... | 1999 | 10459644 |
| antimicrobial resistance among community-acquired pneumonia isolates in europe: first results from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program 1997. sentry participants group. | the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program was established to monitor the occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial pathogens via an international network of sentinel hospitals. | 1999 | 10460927 |
| the efficacy and safety of a new ciprofloxacin suspension compared with co-amoxiclav tablets in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis. | a multinational, multicentre, randomized, prospective, parallel-group study compared treatment with ciprofloxacin administered as an oral suspension (500 mg twice daily for 7 days) with co-amoxiclav tablets (625 mg three times daily for 7 days) in patients suffering from acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (aecb). a total of 147 of 165 cases treated with ciprofloxacin (89.1%) and 146 of 162 cases treated with co-amoxiclav (90.1%) were classified as being clinical successes at the primary e ... | 1999 | 10464889 |
| cloning of a chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum chromosomal gene (blaa(cme)) encoding an extended-spectrum class a beta-lactamase related to the bacteroides cephalosporinases and the veb-1 and per beta-lactamases. | in addition to the blab metallo-beta-lactamase, chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum ccug 4310 (nctc 10585) constitutively produces a 31-kda active-site serine beta-lactamase, named cme-1, with an alkaline isoelectric ph. the blaa(cme) gene that encodes the latter enzyme was isolated from a genomic library constructed in the escherichia coli plasmid vector pacyc184 by screening for cefuroxime-resistant clones. sequence analysis revealed that the cme-1 enzyme is a new class a beta-la ... | 1999 | 10471563 |
| [susceptibilities of bacteria isolated from patients with lower respiratory infectious diseases to antibiotics (1997)]. | the bacteria isolated from the patients with lower respiratory tract infections were collected by institutions located throughout japan, since 1981. ikemoto et al. have been investigating susceptibilities of these isolates to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics, and analyzed some characteristics of the patients and isolates from them each year. results obtained from these investigations are discussed. in these 17 institutions around the entire japan, 512 strains of presumably etiologica ... | 1999 | 10480048 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefetamet against clinically isolated strains from community acquired respiratory tract infections. part iii]. | antimicrobial activities of cefetamet (cemt) against clinically isolated strains from patients with community acquired respiratory tract infections were investigated in comparison with those of other oral beta-lactam antibiotics during the period from january to march, 1998. the results are summarized as follows; 1. cemt showed strong antimicrobial activities against three major pathogens causing community acquired respiratory tract infections, streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae an ... | 1999 | 10481811 |
| influence of increased macrolide consumption on macrolide resistance of common respiratory pathogens. | the impact of increased macrolide consumption on the resistance of common respiratory pathogens to erythromycin and azithromycin was evaluated. the study focused mainly on azithromycin. during the period from 1991 to 1996, a 3.5-fold increase in macrolide prescriptions for outpatients was observed in slovenia. compared to 1994, when no macrolide resistance was evident in streptococcus pyogenes and noninvasive streptococcus pneumoniae, a significant increase in macrolide resistance was observed i ... | 1999 | 10482034 |
| comparison of agar dilution, microdilution, e-test, and disk diffusion methods for testing activity of cefditoren against streptococcus pneumoniae. | this study evaluated the susceptibility of pneumococci to cefditoren by agar dilution and microdilution methods (both in air) and by e-test (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) and disk diffusion methods (both in co(2)). by the three mic tests, the mics at which 50 and 90% of isolates were inhibited (mic(50)s and mic(90)s) were, respectively, as follows (in micrograms per milliliter): for the 65 penicillin-susceptible strains tested, 0.016 and 0.03 (by agar dilution), 0.016 and 0.03 (by microdilution), a ... | 1999 | 10488195 |
| improved detection of streptococcus pneumoniae in middle-ear fluid cultures by use of a gentamicin-containing medium. | the performance of columbia agar medium with added sheep blood and gentamicin (cag) for isolation of streptococcus pneumoniae from middle-ear fluid cultures was compared to that of routine blood agar medium (ba). of 238 pneumococcal isolates recovered, cag plates detected 233 (97.9%) but ba plates detected only 208 (87.4%) (p < 0. 001). | 1999 | 10488223 |
| structural analysis of plasmid plq510 from moraxella catarrhalis e22. | the complete nucleotide sequence of plasmid plq510 from moraxella catarrhalis strain e22 has been determined. this plasmid contained 12,082 bp with 38% gc content. five open reading frames that encoded predicted proteins with homology to plasmid-encoded proteins from other bacteria were identified. a putative origin of replication that contained an at-rich region followed by four direct repeats and an inverted repeat was identified. | 1999 | 10489333 |
| comparative activities of six different fluoroquinolones against 9,682 clinical bacterial isolates from 20 european university hospitals participating in the european sentry surveillance programme. the sentry participants group. | the in-vitro activities of gatifloxacin, trovafloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin were tested against 9,682 clinical bacterial isolates from 20 european university hospitals participating in the european sentry surveillance programme. gatifloxacin and trovafloxacin exhibited the highest activities against gram-positive cocci, while levofloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and gatifloxacin were the most active against enterobacteriaceae. ciprofloxacin and levofloxaci ... | 1999 | 10493607 |
| acute otitis media. | 1999 | 10496831 | |
| outer membrane proteins as a carrier for detoxified lipooligosaccharide conjugate vaccines for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae. | nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) is a common cause of otitis media and respiratory tract infections. outer membrane proteins (omp) and lipooligosaccharide (los) are major surface antigens of nthi and potential vaccine candidates. de-o-acylated los (dlos) or oligosaccharide (os) was coupled to total omp to form dlos-omp and os-omp conjugates, while a dlos-tetanus toxoid (tt) was synthesized for comparison. these conjugates were evaluated in mice and rabbits for immunogenicity. dlos-omp e ... | 1999 | 10496940 |
| moraxella catarrhalis pneumonia and bacteremia in an otherwise healthy child. | 1999 | 10500894 | |
| evaluation of a 74-kda transferrin-binding protein from moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis as a vaccine candidate. | an outer membrane protein from moraxella catarrhalis with a mass of 74-kda was isolated and evaluated as a vaccine candidate. the 74-kda protein binds transferrin, and appears to be related to the other proteins from the organism that are reported to bind transferrin. the 74-kda protein possessed conserved epitopes exposed on the bacterial surface. this is based on the reactivity with whole bacterial cells as well as complement dependent bactericidal activity of sera from mice immunized with the ... | 1999 | 10501241 |
| on the in-vitro antimicrobial activity of oleuropein and hydroxytyrosol. | secoiridoides (oleuropein and derivatives), one of the major classes of polyphenol contained in olives and olive oil, have recently been shown to inhibit or delay the rate of growth of a range of bacteria and microfungi but there are no data in the literature concerning the possible employment of these secoiridoides as antimicrobial agents against pathogenic bacteria in man. in this study five atcc standard bacterial strains (haemophilus influenzae atcc 9006, moraxella catarrhalis atcc 8176, sal ... | 1999 | 10504039 |
| the lipopolysaccharide of moraxella catarrhalis structural relationships and antigenic properties. | moraxella catarrhalis has recently been shown to be both widespread and pathogenic, in contrast to previous reports. several factors have been suggested as virulence factors, lipopolysaccharide (lps) being one. recent studies have shown the lps to be without the o-chain, i.e. the polysaccharide part, and to have specific structural features corresponding to each of the three serogroups, a, b and c. the structures resemble in many respects those present in other gram-negative nonenteric bacteria, ... | 1999 | 10504382 |
| [in vitro activity of pristinamycin on respiratory bacteria]. | two-phase action: pristinamycin is composed of two active substances a and b. pristinamycin a (sa) first binds to the ribosome subunit 50s. pristinamycin b (sb) then locks onto sa causing irreversible inhibition of bacterial protein production. well-adapted activity spectrum: a member of the streptogramin family of antibiotics, pristinamycin is active against the main bacteria causing respiratory tract infections (pneumococci, s. aureus, h. influenzae) as well as against mycoplasma and anaerobic ... | 1999 | 10506876 |
| potent bacteriolytic activity of ritipenem associated with a characteristic profile of affinities for penicillin-binding proteins of haemophilus influenzae. | ritipenem is highly bacteriolytic against haemophilus influenzae. bacterial lysis was shown after treatments with ritipenem and cefsulodin at their mics and after treatments with fropenem and cefdinir at four times their mics, indicated by decreases in the culture turbidities and by morphological changes of the destroyed cells. these beta-lactams were preferentially bound to penicillin-binding protein (pbp) 1b. ritipenem, fropenem, and cefsulodin exhibited poor affinities to pbps 3a and 3b, but ... | 1999 | 10508039 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of fk041, a new orally active cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of fk041, a new orally active cephem antibiotic, against a wide variety of clinical isolates of bacteria was investigated and compared with those of cefdinir (cfdn) and cefditoren (cdtr). fk041 exhibited broad spectrum activity against reference strains of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes and anaerobes. fk041 was active against clinical isolates of gram-positive organisms except enterococcus faecalis with mic90s less than 1.56 microg/ml. fk041 was more active than cf ... | 1999 | 10513845 |
| moraxella catarrhalis-induced purulent otitis media in the rat middle ear. structure, protection, and serum antibodies. | to study the effects of viable and heat-killed moraxella catarrhalis bacteria on the middle ear mucosa and to evaluate the protection after whole-cell immunizations, sprague-dawley rats were challenged and rechallenged with four different m. catarrhalis strains. the animals were monitored by clinical observations, bacterial and histological samples from middle ears, and serum igg levels. only viable bacteria at a high concentration induced purulent otitis media, which was culture positive in 58% ... | 1999 | 10515124 |
| investigation of mucosal immunisation in pulmonary clearance of moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis. | moraxella (branhamella) catarrhalis is a common cause of otitis media in children and respiratory infection in adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. to identify immune responses that may facilitate the development of a mucosal vaccine, a mouse model to study pulmonary responses was established. regimes involving intra-peyer's patch, intratracheal and intranasal routes of immunisation with killed m. catarrhalis were investigated. a mucosal immunisation regime of a primary intra-peyer ... | 1999 | 10519928 |
| quantitation of bacterial adherence by image analysis. | in studies of the adherence of pathogenic bacteria to host eukaryotic cells in vitro, the counting of the bacteria is often challenging, especially if many experiments are involved. we developed a method to use digital imaging and computer-aided recognition for the quantitation of bacteria attached to cultured cells. we employed an immunocytochemical method to stain the bacteria and leave the hosts cells relatively unstained. we describe this method for use with five species of bacteria, strepto ... | 1999 | 10520581 |