Publications

hiv care in the u.s. navy: a multidisciplinary approach.	we provide a review of the medical care provided to human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-positive service members in the u.s. navy and marine corps. an overview of the history of hiv and its impact on the u.s. navy is presented. we also explain the policies of mandatory hiv testing within the u.s. navy and the evaluation process for those found to have hiv infection. we specifically describe the multidisciplinary hiv medical care provided at naval medical center san diego, which is one of three hi ...	2005	16491939
moving human embryonic stem cells from legislature to lab: remaining legal and ethical questions.		2006	16492089
interviewer as instrument: accounting for human factors in evaluation research.	this methodological study examines an original data collection model designed to incorporate human factors and enhance data richness in qualitative and evaluation research. evidence supporting this model is drawn from in-depth youth and adult interviews in one of the largest policy/program evaluations undertaken in the united states, the drug, alcohol, and tobacco education evaluation (77 districts, 118 schools). when applying the explicit observation technique (eot)--the strategic and nonjudgme ...	2006	16492998
the ucsc known genes.	the university of california santa cruz (ucsc) known genes dataset is constructed by a fully automated process, based on protein data from swiss-prot/trembl (uniprot) and the associated mrna data from genbank. the detailed steps of this process are described. extensive cross-references from this dataset to other genomic and proteomic data were constructed. for each known gene, a details page is provided containing rich information about the gene, together with extensive links to other relevant g ...	2006	16500937
analysis of genetic algorithm for rule-set production (garp) modeling approach for predicting distributions of fleas implicated as vectors of plague, yersinia pestis, in california.	more than 20 species of fleas in california are implicated as potential vectors of yersinia pestis. extremely limited spatial data exist for plague vectors-a key component to understanding where the greatest risks for human, domestic animal, and wildlife health exist. this study increases the spatial data available for 13 potential plague vectors by using the ecological niche modeling system genetic algorithm for rule-set production (garp) to predict their respective distributions. because the a ...	2006	16506453
workgroup report: indoor chemistry and health.	chemicals present in indoor air can react with one another, either in the gas phase or on surfaces, altering the concentrations of both reactants and products. such chemistry is often the major source of free radicals and other short-lived reactive species in indoor environments. to what extent do the products of indoor chemistry affect human health? to address this question, the national institute for occupational safety and health sponsored a workshop titled "indoor chemistry and health" on 12 ...	2006	16507469
toward a just model of alienability of human tissue.		2003	16514784
a dietary risk assessment of the pyrethroid insecticide resmethrin associated with its use for west nile virus mosquito vector control in california.	an outbreak of human illnesses associated with west nile virus (wnv) occurred in new york city in 1999. since then, it has gradually spread westwards, reaching northern california for the first time in 2005. wnv is transmitted by several mosquito species and birds serve as the main reservoir. several control measures have been used, targeting both the aquatic larvae and the adult mosquitoes. in the latter case, roosting birds in trees are sprayed with pyrethroid insecticides because these are hi ...	2006	16518516
a review of the small canine piroplasms from california: babesia conradae in the literature.	small piroplasms as a cause of canine babesiosis in southern california were first documented in 1990. initially these piroplasms were considered to be babesia gibsoni, the only small babesia parasite known to infect dogs at that time. in the following decade, the use of molecular analysis made it clear that small canine babesia in fact are comprised of at least three distinct species, and the isolates from dogs in southern california were not b. gibsoni. molecular, antigenic, and morphological ...	2006	16522352
assessing societal impacts when planning restoration of large alluvial rivers: a case study of the sacramento river project, california.	studies have shown that ecological restoration projects are more likely to gain public support if they simultaneously increase important human services that natural resources provide to people. river restoration projects have the potential to influence many of the societal functions (e.g., flood control, water quality) that rivers provide, yet most projects fail to consider this in a comprehensive manner. most river restoration projects also fail to take into account opportunities for revitaliza ...	2006	16523370
babesia conradae, sp. nov., a small canine babesia identified in california.	small piroplasms as a cause of canine babesiosis have usually been identified as babesia gibsoni. recent genetic studies suggested that small piroplasms are more likely comprised of at least three genotypically distinct species. in southern california, canine babesiosis caused by a small piroplasm has been documented since 1990. morphological characteristics of this parasite include a small (0.3-3.0 microm) intraerythrocytic merozoite stage with predominantly ring, piriform, tetrad, amoeboid, or ...	2006	16524663
outcomes of clinical and surgical assessment of women with pathological nipple discharge.	there is no consensus about the diagnostic approach to pathologic nipple discharge (pnd). we hypothesize that lactiferous duct excision (microdochectomy) or image-guided biopsy are safe and effective means of diagnosis of pnd. eighty-two patients with pnd underwent history and physical exam followed by breast sonography and mammogram. image-guided biopsy was done if imaging studies were positive, whereas microdochectomy was done if normal. discharge was unilateral (96%), bloody (79%), and sponta ...	2006	16536240
mother's milk and the muffin man: grassroots innovations in medical marijuana delivery systems.	in the ongoing debates over medical marijuana, opponents often conflate the alleged risks of cannabis therapeutics with the acknowledged harms associated with smoking. although smoking is the most widely used method of administering marijuana, it is not the only available means. this paper provides an account of the production, distribution, and administration of non-smokable cannabis products by members of a california health care collective, the wo/men's alliance for medical marijuana. wamm ha ...	2005	16537333
coliform bacteria in sierra nevada wilderness lakes and streams: what is the impact of backpackers, pack animals, and cattle?	the presence of coliform bacteria indicates a watershed risk for harboring microbes capable of causing human disease. we hypothesized that water from watersheds that have different human- or animal-use patterns would have differing risks for the presence of coliform bacteria. methods; water was collected in wilderness areas of the sierra nevada range in california. a total of 60 sites from lakes or streams were selected to statistically differentiate the risk categories: 1) high use by backpacke ...	2006	16538940
partner notification for persons with chronic hepatitis b virus infection: use of a syphilis model service.	adults with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection are usually the source of infection for persons who acquire sexually transmitted hbv infection. vaccinating sex- and needle-sharing partners is recommended.	2006	16540881
methamphetamine use and hiv risk behaviors among heterosexual men--preliminary results from five northern california counties, december 2001-november 2003.	methamphetamine (meth) is a highly addictive stimulant that gained widespread popularity in california in the 1980s and has since spread to most regions of the united states, including rural areas. analyses of survey data among noninjection-drug users from california in the mid-1990s determined that, among heterosexual persons and among men who had sex with men (msm), meth users reported more sex partners, were less likely to report condom use, and were more likely to report sex in exchange for ...	2006	16543881
commercial sex work and risk of hiv infection among young drug-injecting men who have sex with men in san francisco.	the objective of this study was to investigate the relationship between sex work and hiv infection among young injection drug-using men who have sex with men (msm-idu).	2006	16565643
severe pediatric influenza in california, 2003-2005: implications for immunization recommendations.	the 2003-2004 influenza season was marked by both the emergence of a new drift "fujian" strain of influenza a virus and prominent reports of increased influenza-related deaths in children in the absence of baseline data for comparison. in december 2003, the california department of health services initiated surveillance of children who were hospitalized in california with severe influenza in an attempt to measure its impact and to identify additional preventive measures.	2006	16585278
predicting density of ixodes pacificus nymphs in dense woodlands in mendocino county, california, based on geographic information systems and remote sensing versus field-derived data.	ixodes pacificus nymphs are the primary vectors to humans of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, in california. we used a supervised classification model, based on remote sensing (rs) data from multi-seasonal landsat tm 5 images, to identify the key habitat in mendocino county where humans are exposed to i. pacificus nymphs (woodlands carpeted with leaf litter). the model, based on the normalized difference vegetation index (ndvi), brightness, and wetness, separated the ny ...	2006	16606998
genetic polymorphisms and susceptibility to lung disease.	susceptibility to infection by bacterium such as bacillus anthracis has a genetic basis in mice and may also have a genetic basis in humans. in the limited human cases of inhalation anthrax, studies suggest that not all individuals exposed to anthrax spores were infected, but rather, individuals with underlying lung disease, particularly asthma, sarcoidosis and tuberculosis, might be more susceptible. in this study, we determined if polymorphisms in genes important in innate immunity are associa ...	2006	16608528
global challenges as inspiration: a classroom strategy to foster social responsibility.	social responsibility is at the heart of the engineer's creed embodied in the pledge that we will dedicate [our] professional knowledge and skill to the advancement and betterment of human welfare... [placing] public welfare above all other considerations. however, half century after the original creed was written, we find ourselves in a world with great technological advances and great global-scale technologically-enabled peril. these issues can be naturally integrated into the engineering curr ...	2006	16609724
life history and seasonal abundance of fannia benjamini complex (diptera: muscidae) in southern california.	seasonal abundance and life history of fannia benjamini complex (diptera: muscidae) was studied in the coastal mountain community ofla habra heights in los angeles county, california, with additional observations in drier, inland mountains in the woodcrest area, riverside county. the dominant species (>95% of fly collections) was fannia conspicua malloch, whereas fannia benjamini malloch also was present. both species could be collected nearly year-round by netting adults (almost exclusively fem ...	2006	16619598
role of corvids in epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california.	the invasion of different southern california landscapes by west nile virus (wnv) and its subsequent amplification to epidemic levels during 2004 enabled us to study the impact of differing corvid populations in three biomes: the hot colorado desert with few corvids (coachella valley), the southern san joaquin valley (kern county) with large western scrub-jay but small american crow populations, and the cool maritime coast (los angeles) with a large clustered american crow population. similar su ...	2006	16619622
geographical distribution patterns and habitat suitability models for presence of host-seeking ixodid ticks in dense woodlands of mendocino county, california.	we used drag sampling to examine the geographical distribution patterns of ixodid ticks engaging in open (non-nidicolous) host-seeking behavior in dense woodland habitats of the climatically and ecologically diverse mendocino county in north coastal california. the findings based on this sampling methodology reflect risk of human exposure to host-seeking ticks rather than the true distribution of the ticks. drag sampling in 78 sites yielded 7,860 nymphal or adult ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls, ...	2006	16619628
epidemiology and prevention.	the 2006 conference on retroviruses and opportunistic infections marked the 13th year of this conference and the 25th anniversary of the first published cases of aids in gay men in los angeles. as noted in the opening plenary session, hiv has likely been present in the human population since the 1930s, and therefore represents a relatively recent disease for humans. however, by the end of 2005, more than 40 million persons were estimated to be living with hiv infection, and 5 million new infecti ...	2006	16641523
sentencing. sentence enhancement upheld for man who bit officers.		2006	16676385
perceptions of human immunodeficiency virus testing services among hiv-positive persons not in medical care.		2006	16688101
el niño effects on influenza mortality risks in the state of california.	recent el niño events have emphasized the need to develop modelling techniques to assess climate-related health events. experts agree that climate changes affect the spread of infectious diseases and that the geographic range of infectious diseases may expand as a result of these changes. nevertheless, the world health modelling community cannot yet predict, with reasonable accuracy, when or where exactly these effects will occur or how large the threat of these diseases will be to particular po ...	2006	16697021
illnesses related to shank application of metam-sodium, arvin, california, july 2002.	to evaluate the health effects of methyl isothiocyanate (mitc) and other byproducts resulting from the soil-incorporated (shank) application of 25,000 pounds of metam-sodium on july 8, 2002, near the community of arvin, california.	2005	16702121
taking the least of you: most of us have tissue or blood samples on file somewhere, whether we know it or not. what we don't typically know is what research they are being used for or how much money is being made from them. and science may want to keep things that way.		2006	16715570
pilot measurements of elf contact currents in some electric utility occupations.	contact currents from touching objects with different voltages can produce electric fields within the body that produce neurological and other biological effects. to begin measuring these exposures among electric utility workers, a new contact current meter (ccm) was tested in a pilot study at southern california edison. the ccm was worn for 82 full-shift measurements by 76 volunteers from eight occupations who did not work directly with energized electrical equipment. the volunteers were expose ...	2006	16718950
twenty-five years of hiv/aids--united states, 1981-2006.	on june 5, 1981, mmwr published a report of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in five previously healthy young men in los angeles, california. these cases were later recognized as the first reported cases of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) in the united states. since that time, this disease has become one of the greatest public health challenges both nationally and globally. human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and aids have claimed the lives of more than 22 million persons worldwide, inclu ...	2006	16741493
'death sentence' for alvarado? federal exclusion could force hospital to be closed or sold.		2006	16752860
effects of transdermal testosterone administration on insulin sensitivity, fat mass and distribution, and markers of inflammation and thrombolysis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women with mild to moderate weight loss.	to determine the effects of raising serum t levels into the high normal female range by transdermal t administration on insulin sensitivity, fat volume, and markers of inflammation and thrombolysis in hiv-infected women with recent weight loss.	2006	16759927
development of a health-protective drinking water level for perchlorate.	we evaluated animal and human toxicity data for perchlorate and identified reduction of thyroidal iodide uptake as the critical end point in the development of a health-protective drinking water level [also known as the public health goal (phg)] for the chemical. this work was performed under the drinking water program of the office of environmental health hazard assessment of the california environmental protection agency. for dose-response characterization, we applied benchmark-dose modeling t ...	2006	16759989
yerkes, hamilton and the experimental study of the ape mind: from evolutionary psychiatry to eugenic politics.	robert yerkes is a pivotal figure in american psychology and primatology in the first half of the twentieth century. as is well known, yerkes first studied ape intelligence in 1915, on a visit to the private california laboratory of the psychiatrist gilbert hamilton, a former student. less widely appreciated is how far the work done at the hamilton lab, in its aims and ambitions as well as its techniques, served as a template for much of yerkes's research thereafter. this paper uses the hamilton ...	2006	16769560
yuan-cheng fung: a scientific giant and a kind man.		2004	16783942
hepatitis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection among injection drug users in los angeles county, california.	this study examined the prevalence of hepatitis a (hav), b (hbv), c (hcv), and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) co-infection among injection drug users (idus) in los angeles county, california, and predictors of multiple infections in this population. six hundred seventy-nine idus were recruited from october 2002 through june 2004. participants completed questionnaires to elicit demographic, drug and sex risk information, and were tested for hepatitis a, b, c and hiv.a linear regression model ...	2006	16785216
human bocavirus: prevalence and clinical spectrum at a children's hospital.	molecular methods of pathogen discovery have recently led to the description of several new respiratory viruses. human bocavirus (hbov), a proposed member of the family parvoviridae, is one of the most recently described respiratory viruses. initial reports indicate that hbov is a common cause of respiratory tract infection in children.	2006	16804840
tides 2006--ibc conference. oligonucleotide and peptide technology and product development. 1-3 may 2006, carlsbad, ca, usa.		2006	16821153
to reveal the genomes.		2006	16826511
using forest inventory data to assess fisher resting habitat suitability in california.	the fisher (martes pennanti) is a forest-dwelling carnivore whose current distribution and association with late-seral forest conditions make it vulnerable to stand-altering human activities or natural disturbances. fishers select a variety of structures for daily resting bouts. these habitat elements, together with foraging and reproductive (denning) habitat, constitute the habitat requirements of fishers. we develop a model capable of predicting the suitability of fisher resting habitat using ...	2006	16826999
the safety and efficacy of dose-sparing intradermal administration of influenza vaccine in human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients.		2006	16832008
widespread occurrence of phage-encoded exotoxin genes in terrestrial and aquatic environments in southern california.	many human diseases are caused by pathogens that produce exotoxins. the genes that encode these exotoxins are frequently encoded by mobile dna elements such as plasmids or phage. mobile dna elements can move exotoxin genes among microbial hosts, converting avirulent bacteria into pathogens. phage and bacteria from water, soil, and sediment environments represent a potential reservoir of phage- and plasmid-encoded exotoxin genes. the genes encoding exotoxins that are the causes of cholera, diphth ...	2006	16842371
a framework for assessing the impact of land use policy on community exposure to air toxics.	our research focuses on the linkage between land use planning policy and the spatial pattern of exposure to air toxics emissions. our objective is to develop a modeling framework for assessment of the community health risk implications of land use policy. the modeling framework is not intended to be a regulatory tool for small-scale land use decisions, but a long-range planning tool to assess the community health risk implications of alternative land use scenarios at a regional or subregional sc ...	2007	16842900
governing stem cell research in california and the usa: towards a social infrastructure.	owing to the restrictive human embryonic stem cell (hesc) policies of the us government, the question of whether to pursue human embryonic stem cell experiments has dominated the ethical and political discourse concerning such research. explicit attention must now turn to problems of implementing the research on a large scale: in the 2004 us elections, california voters approved a state initiative for stem cell research, earmarking $3 billion in direct spending over 10 years. this article explor ...	2006	16843559
pulmonary arteriopathy and idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension in six dogs.	pulmonary arteriopathy (pa) is the pathologic hallmark in human medicine of diffuse constrictive (medial and intimal remodeling) or multifocal complex (plexiform and dilatative lesions) arterial lesions, or both, that lead to irreversible obliteration of the arterial lumen. clinically, pa leads to pulmonary arterial hypertension (pah), of which idiopathic (ipah) is one of the 5 subsets, and ultimately, to right-sided heart failure (rhf). clinical and pathologic findings from 6 dogs with diagnosi ...	2006	16846993
prevalence of hfe mutations in california newborns.	advances in molecular diagnostics have led to an increased interest in expanding population-based screening to include genetic diseases that occur outside the newborn period. hereditary hemochromatosis may be a candidate for large-scale screening in populations with a high prevalence of the common hfe mutations. to determine race-specific frequencies of the hfe mutations, c282y and h63d, the authors applied an automated, high-throughput genotyping method to dried blood spot samples from a repres ...	2006	16849282
use of human patient simulation in an undergraduate critical care course.	human patient simulation provides students with experiences and skills they might not otherwise encounter in a clinical rotation. it also offers an experience during which the time is suspended, thus affording students time to think critically, make decisions, and act, as opposed to the fast-paced hospital environment where students may have neither a clear picture of the situation nor adequate time to act. this article presents the design of a simulation center within a school of nursing along ...	2006	16862020
the influence of latent viral infection on rate of cognitive decline over 4 years.	to examine whether cytomegalovirus (cmv) and herpes simplex virus type-1 (hsv-1) are associated with cognitive decline over a 4-year period and to assess whether c-reactive protein (crp) modifies these relationships.	2006	16866674
the health benefits of reduced tropospheric ozone in california.	californians are exposed daily to concentrations of ozone (o3) that are among the highest in the united states. recently, the state adopted a new 8-hr ambient standard of 0.070 ppm, more stringent than the current federal standard. the new standard is based on controlled human studies and on dozens of epidemiologic studies reporting associations between o3 at current ambient levels and a wide range of adverse health outcomes. clearly, the new o3 standards will require further reductions in the p ...	2006	16878591
sylvatic maintenance of borrelia burgdorferi (spirochaetales) in northern california: untangling the web of transmission.	lyme borreliosis is associated with several genospecies of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s.l.) (spirochaetales), but human disease has been associated only with borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto (s.s.) johnson, schmid, hyde, steigerwalt & brenner in the western united states. restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis of rrf-rrl amplicons from 124 tick and mammalian isolates from various habitats yielded 13 rflp patterns. of these patterns, six were patterns previously associat ...	2006	16892634
salmonella spp., vibrio spp., clostridium perfringens, and plesiomonas shigelloides in marine and freshwater invertebrates from coastal california ecosystems.	the coastal ecosystems of california are highly utilized by humans and animals, but the ecology of fecal bacteria at the land-sea interface is not well understood. this study evaluated the distribution of potentially pathogenic bacteria in invertebrates from linked marine, estuarine, and freshwater ecosystems in central california. a variety of filter-feeding clams, mussels, worms, and crab tissues were selectively cultured for salmonella spp., campylobacter spp., escherichia coli-o157, clostrid ...	2006	16897302
genetic non-discrimination, privacy and property rights.		2000	16903021
flow fingerprinting fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from an urban coastal watershed.	field studies were conducted to characterize the concentration vs streamflow relationships (or "flow fingerprints") of fecal pollution and suspended solids in stormwater runoff from the santa ana river watershed, the largest watershed in southern california. the concentrations of fecal indicator bacteria and f+ coliphages (viruses infecting e. coli) exhibit little-to-no dependence on streamflow rates, whereas the concentrations of total suspended solids (tss) exhibit a very strong (power-law) de ...	2006	16903282
a tale of three cities--where rhios meet the nhin.	regional health information exchanges in california, indiana, and massachusetts have been collaborating on a prototype for a nationwide health information network, first under the auspices of the markle foundation's connecting for health program and now under contract to the department of health and human services' office of the national coordinator for health information technology. since mid-2004, this collaboration has evolved from a collection of regional efforts to a standards-driven cooper ...	2006	16903663
west nile virus activity--united states, january 1-august 15, 2006.	this report summarizes west nile virus (wnv) surveillance data reported to cdc through arbonet as of 3 a.m. mountain daylight time, august 15, 2006. a total of 26 states had reported 388 cases of human wnv illness to cdc. a total of 214 (56%) cases for which such data were available occurred in males; median age of patients was 49 years (range: 2-91 years). dates of illness onset ranged from january 6 to august 10; a total of 13 cases were fatal. a total of 68 presumptive west nile viremic blood ...	2006	16915222
court oversight does not free man from hiv testing order.		2006	16918002
associations of variations in alcohol dehydrogenase genes with the level of response to alcohol in non-asians.	risk and protective factors for alcohol use disorders (auds) are complex and reflect both environmental and genetic factors. genetic components account for about 50% of the variation and influence several phenotypes, including the level of response (lr) to alcohol as well as alcohol-metabolizing enzyme polymorphisms. variations in the adh1b and adh1c genes may influence the lr to alcohol by increasing levels of acetaldehyde during alcohol metabolism, although most data on this question come from ...	2006	16930209
exogenous shocks to the human sex ratio: the case of september 11, 2001 in new york city.	the human secondary sex ratio reportedly falls in populations subjected to exogenous stressors such as earthquakes or political and social upheavals. explanations of the association include reduced conception of males and increased fetal deaths among males. the latter explanation has been supported by research reporting that the sex ratio in california fell 3 months, but not 8, 9 or 10 months, after the terrorist attacks of september 11, 2001. california's distance from the attacks raises the qu ...	2006	16936298
human impacts, plant invasion, and imperiled plant species in california.	invasive species are one of the fastest growing conservation problems. these species homogenize the world's flora and fauna, threaten rare and endemic species, and impose large economic costs. here, we examine the distribution of 834 of the more than 1000 exotic plant taxa that have become established in california, usa. total species richness increases with net primary productivity; however, the exotic flora is richest in low-lying coastal sites that harbor large numbers of imperiled species, w ...	2006	16937802
human plague--four states, 2006.	plague is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium yersinia pestis. in 2006, a total of 13 human plague cases have been reported among residents of four states: new mexico (seven cases), colorado (three cases), california (two cases), and texas (one case). this is the largest number of cases reported in a single year in the united states since 1994. dates of illness onset ranged from february 16 to august 14; two (15%) cases were fatal. the median age of patients was 43 years (range: 13-79 yea ...	2006	16943764
ethnicity and use of alternative products in psychiatric patients.	the use of herbal and natural products for medical purposes is common in all human civilizations, and use in western societies has grown considerably in recent years. however, differences in usage patterns between different ethnic groups are yet to be delineated. the current study examined the frequency and type of complementary/alternative medications used by a sample of 453 rural psychiatric outpatients of two different ethnic groups. the products were classified as "natural" (herbal products ...	2006	16959929
the objective assessment of lifetime cumulative ultraviolet exposure for determining melanoma risk.	exposure to ultraviolet radiation has commonly been recognized as the most important environmental risk factor for melanoma. the measurement of uv exposure in humans, however, has proved challenging. despite the general appreciation that an objective metric for individual uv exposure is needed to properly assess melanoma risk, little attention has been given to the issue of accuracy of uv exposure measurement. the present research utilized a gis based historical uv exposure model (for which the ...	2006	16963272
serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density in men: the rancho bernardo study.	this study examined the distribution and determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin d (25ohd) and parathyroid hormone (pth) and their associations with bone mineral density (bmd) at the hip and spine in 414 older men (mean age 74 years) living in southern california.	2006	16967190
monitoring county-level vaccination coverage during the 2004-2005 influenza season.	during the 2004-2005 influenza season, the united states faced a sudden shortage of influenza vaccine. in response, the centers for disease control and prevention (cdc) and the advisory committee on immunization practices (acip) recommended prioritizing vaccination for persons aged 65 and older and others at high risk. to monitor subsequent vaccination coverage, several questions about influenza vaccination were added to the ongoing behavioral risk factor surveillance system (brfss). this study ...	2006	16979450
having sex and condom use: potential risks and benefits reported by young, sexually inexperienced adolescents.	this study determines what young adolescents themselves identify as the potential positive and negative outcomes of having sex, using a condom and not using a condom.	2006	16982395
genetic and phenotypic variability among salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium isolates from california dairy cattle and humans.	fifty-six human and 24 adult dairy cattle isolates of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium from a single county in california were compared using ribotyping, insertion sequence typing (is200), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, plasmid typing, phage typing, and antimicrobial resistance testing. the majority of the isolates fell into one of two groups which were phage types dt104 and dt193. combining the information from all typing methods, a total of 45 different "clusters" were defined, with ...	2006	17021214
exposure. sentence upheld for man who drew blood in fight with police.		2006	17024724
internet access and use among homeless and indigent drug users in long beach, california.	there has been a growing interest in using the internet to access a variety of populations for prevention education and health care. it is not clear that this is viable for homeless and other marginalized populations. the purpose of this study was to describe internet access and use among a sample of homeless and indigent drug users. a brief questionnaire was developed to assess computer ownership, use, email, and internet access and use. participants were recruited through a community-based hum ...	2006	17034321
children show highest levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in a california family of four: a case study.	polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbdes), a major class of flame retardants, are ubiquitous environmental contaminants with particularly high concentrations in humans from the united states. this study is a first attempt to report and compare pbde concentrations in blood drawn from a family. serum samples from family members collected at two sampling occasions 90 days apart were analyzed for pbde congeners. concentrations of the lower-brominated pbdes were similar at the two sampling times for eac ...	2006	17035146
haplotype-based association studies of igfbp1 and igfbp3 with prostate and breast cancer risk: the multiethnic cohort.	collective evidence suggests that the insulin-like growth factor (igf) system plays a role in prostate and breast cancer risk. igf-binding proteins (igfbp) are the principal regulatory molecules that modulate igf-i bioavailability in the circulation and tissues. to examine whether inherited differences in the igfbp1 and igfbp3 genes influence prostate and breast cancer susceptibility, we conducted two large population-based association studies of african americans, native hawaiians, japanese ame ...	2006	17035411
spatial patterns of lyme disease risk in california based on disease incidence data and modeling of vector-tick exposure.	ixodes pacificus, particularly the nymphal life stage, is the primary vector to humans of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi in california. during 2004, we collected i. pacificus nymphs from 78 woodland sites in ecologically diverse mendocino county, which has a moderately high incidence of lyme disease. within this county, nymphal density was elevated in forested areas with a growing degree day range of 2,600-3,000 (10 degrees c base). using a geographic information systems approach, w ...	2006	17038692
fishing elevates variability in the abundance of exploited species.	the separation of the effects of environmental variability from the impacts of fishing has been elusive, but is essential for sound fisheries management. we distinguish environmental effects from fishing effects by comparing the temporal variability of exploited versus unexploited fish stocks living in the same environments. using the unique suite of 50-year-long larval fish surveys from the california cooperative oceanic fisheries investigations we analyse fishing as a treatment effect in a lon ...	2006	17051218
conservation planning for ecosystem services.	despite increasing attention to the human dimension of conservation projects, a rigorous, systematic methodology for planning for ecosystem services has not been developed. this is in part because flows of ecosystem services remain poorly characterized at local-to-regional scales, and their protection has not generally been made a priority. we used a spatially explicit conservation planning framework to explore the trade-offs and opportunities for aligning conservation goals for biodiversity wit ...	2006	17076586
the rate at which serum total beta-subunit human chorionic gonadotropin increases after embryo transfer is a predictor of the viability of pregnancy and an identifier of determinants of pregnancy.	to determine whether elements of treatment associated with faster doubling times of total beta-hcg in serum (beta-t2) in pregnant patients are also associated with a higher likelihood of pregnancy in all patients.	2006	17081527
pacific craniofacial team and cleft prevention program.	there is no doubt modern genetics have greatly influenced our professional and personal lives during the last decade. uncovering genetic causes of many medical and dental pathologies is helping to narrow the diagnosis and select a treatment plan that would provide the best outcome. importantly, having an understanding of multifactorial etiology helps direct our attention toward prevention. we now understand much better our own health problems. in some cases, we can modify our lifestyle and diet ...	2006	17087397
comparison of salmonella enterica serovar distribution and antibiotic resistance patterns in wastewater at municipal water treatment plants in two california cities.	to determine salmonella enterica serovars and antibiotic resistance (abr) in the human waste stream.	2006	17105561
the effects of years lived in the united states on the general health status of california's foreign-born populations.	the purpose of this study was to examine the effect of immigrant status and years lived in the united states on the general health status of california's foreign-born populations. two models were constructed using california's aggregate adult population and the adult foreign-born population. a binary logistic regression was conducted using data from the 2003 california health interview survey. california's immigrant populations were found to enjoy a self-assessed health advantage compared to cal ...	2007	17111215
labor's critical role in workplace health and safety in california and beyond--as labor shifts priorities, where will health and safety sit?	organized labor has been largely responsible for the health and safety protections many u.s. workers take for granted. this article provides a brief history of labor's influence on california's health and safety policies--sometimes with ripple effects beyond its borders. six cases where various successful strategies were used are examined. these gains were achieved with strong support from international health and safety staff, and, on some issues, support from the state labor federation. but in ...	2006	17145641
water quality indicators and the risk of illness at beaches with nonpoint sources of fecal contamination.	indicator bacteria are a good predictor of illness at marine beaches that have point sources of pollution with human fecal content. few studies have addressed the utility of indicator bacteria where nonpoint sources are the dominant fecal input. extrapolating current water-quality thresholds to such locations is uncertain.	2007	17149140
competing definitions of contextual environments.	the growing interest in the effects of contextual environments on health outcomes has focused attention on the strengths and weaknesses of alternate contextual unit definitions for use in multilevel analysis. the present research examined three methods to define contextual units for a sample of children already enrolled in a respiratory health study. the inclusive equal weights method (m1) and inclusive sample weighted method (m2) defined communities using the boundaries of the census blocks tha ...	2006	17156433
building capacity for hiv/aids prevention among asian pacific islander organizations: the experience of a culturally appropriate capacity-building program in southern california.	this article has two goals: (1) to outline a conceptual model for culturally appropriate hiv prevention capacity building; (2) to present the experiences from a 3-year program provided by asian pacific aids intervention team to asian pacific islander (api) organizations in southern california. the participating organizations were of two types: lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning (lgbtq) social organizations and social service agencies not targeting lgbtq. these organizations wer ...	2007	17159469
genome-wide linkage analysis of lipids in nondiabetic chinese and japanese from the sapphire family study.	lipid levels are recognized as major risk factors for coronary heart disease (chd). discovery of major loci underlying quantitative lipid traits could help to elucidate the genetics of chd.	2006	17161774
the effectiveness of a novel, algorithm-based difficult airway curriculum for air medical crews using human patient simulators.	airway management is one of the most important skills possessed by flight crews. however, few data exist about the efficacy of various educational approaches. traditional models for airway training, including cadaver labs, operating room exposure, and clinical apprenticeships, are scarce and offer variable educational quality. the objective of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of a simulator-based difficult airway curriculum in a large, aeromedical company.	2007	17169882
epidemiologic investigation of a cluster of workplace hiv infections in the adult film industry: los angeles, california, 2004.	adult film production is a legal, multibillion dollar industry in california. in response to reports of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) transmission by an adult film worker, we sought to determine the extent of hiv infection among exposed workers and to identify means of improving worker safety.	2007	17173235
prioritization of pesticide environmental transformation products in drinking water supplies.	receiving waters within catchments may be exposed to many different transformation products following the application of pesticides. as environmental waters are abstracted for drinking water treatment these compounds may pose a risk to human health. this paper describes a prioritization approach for identifying the most important transformation products in drinking water sources. the approach can be applied to different geographical areas that have suitable pesticide usage data. the risk based a ...	2006	17180979
chka and pcyt1a gene polymorphisms, choline intake and spina bifida risk in a california population.	neural tube defects (ntds) are among the most common of all human congenital defects. over the last two decades, accumulating evidence has made it clear that periconceptional intake of folic acid can significantly reduce the risk of ntd affected pregnancies. this beneficial effect may be related to the ability of folates to donate methyl groups for critical physiological reactions. choline is an essential nutrient and it is also a methyl donor critical for the maintenance of cell membrane integr ...	2006	17184542
daryamides a-c, weakly cytotoxic polyketides from a marine-derived actinomycete of the genus streptomyces strain cnq-085.	in the course of our continuing search for new antitumor-antibiotics from marine-derived actinomycete bacteria, four new cytotoxic compounds, designated as daryamides a (1), b (2), and c (3) and (2e,4e)-7-methylocta-2,4-dienoic acid amide (4), were isolated from the culture broth of a marine-derived streptomyces strain cnq-085. the structures of these new compounds were assigned by detailed interpretation of spectroscopic data. the relative configuration of 1 was determined by comprehensive nmr ...	2006	17190455
prevalence and histopathologic characteristics of pancreatitis in cats.	despite the high prevalence of feline pancreatic disease, no detailed description on the histopathologic nature of this disease is currently available in the literature. in this study we characterize the distribution and histopathologic changes commonly found in feline pancreases, correlate the lesions with age and gastrointestinal gi and extra-gastrointestinal disease, and compare the pancreatic lesions in cats with those in humans. the entire pancreas was removed and examined from 115 cats pre ...	2007	17197622
establishing procedures for institutional oversight of stem cell research.	academic health centers (ahcs), which are at the forefront of stem cell research, need to establish institutional stem cell research oversight committees (scros) to comply with 2005 national academy of sciences (nas) recommendations and to establish public trust in this sensitive research. institutional review boards (irbs) typically lack the expertise and time to adequately review the specific ethical issues raised by stem cell research. to assure careful, timely, and coordinated review of the ...	2007	17198282
case-control study of shigellosis in san francisco: the role of sexual transmission and hiv infection.	shigella species infect approximately 450,000 persons annually in the united states. person-to-person transmission of shigella species, which have a low infectious dose, occurs frequently, particularly in areas with poor sanitation and hygiene. sexual transmission of shigella species among men who have sex with men (msm) has been inferred from outbreaks of shigellosis among that population, and limited studies have suggested the importance of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection as a ris ...	2007	17205436
clinical utility of hiv standard genotyping among antiretroviral-naive individuals with unknown duration of infection.	in clinical settings, we have found a high rate of human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) drug resistance among antiretroviral-naive patients for whom the duration of infection was unknown. these high rates were most likely the result of both transmitted resistance and informal antiretroviral use, and they suggest that routine resistance testing among antiretroviral-naive patients would be a cost-effective clinical practice.	2007	17205459
preparing public health nurses for pandemic influenza through distance learning.	as a global influenza pandemic appears imminent with the spread of avian influenza, the california department of health services (cdhs) and the california distance learning health network (cdlhn) presented a live 90-min satellite broadcast and subsequent 2-hr small group problem-solving tabletop exercise to practice interventions needed to minimize the consequences of a pandemic event. public health nurses (phns), managers, and other staff in laboratories, clinical care, veterinary medicine, env ...	2007	17214655
multicenter evaluation of a new ultrasound-guided biopsy device: improved ergonomics, sampling and rebiopsy rates.	the purpose of this study was to evaluate performance, ergonomics, and immediate rebiopsy rate of a new vacuum-assisted biopsy (vab) device for ultrasound-guided breast biopsies. between december 2002 and april 2003, 113 patients meeting study criteria were biopsied at four centers using the new 9 gauge vab device. the device has a radiofrequency-tipped probe, 360 degrees vacuum, a circumferential cutter, and a coaxial cannula for multiple sampling. patient and procedural data included breast co ...	2007	17214791
how valid is using cancer registries' data to identify acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related non-hodgkin's lymphoma?	we sought to determine the accuracy of cancer registry data regarding the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) status of patients with non-hodgkin's lymphoma (nhl).	2007	17235495
hemochromatosis (hfe) gene splice site mutation ivs5+1 g/a in north american vietnamese with and without phenotypic evidence of iron overload.	homozygosity for a novel hemochromatosis (hfe) gene splice site mutation (ivs5+1 g/a) was previously reported in a 48-year-old vietnamese man residing in germany who had an elevated serum ferritin (sf) and transferrin saturation (ts) and severe iron overload on liver biopsy. this mutation was not found in 222 controls of central european origin but has been found in southeast asians living in vietnam without evidence of iron overload. hemochromatosis and iron overload screening (heirs) study is ...	2007	17240320
comparative estimation of the reproduction number for pandemic influenza from daily case notification data.	the reproduction number, r, defined as the average number of secondary cases generated by a primary case, is a crucial quantity for identifying the intensity of interventions required to control an epidemic. current estimates of the reproduction number for seasonal influenza show wide variation and, in particular, uncertainty bounds for r for the pandemic strain from 1918 to 1919 have been obtained only in a few recent studies and are yet to be fully clarified. here, we estimate r using daily ca ...	2007	17254982
nod2 variants and antibody response to microbial antigens in crohn's disease patients and their unaffected relatives.	the cdcs1 locus of the c3bir mouse confers severe colitis associated with a decrease in innate immune function and an increase in adaptive t-cell responses to commensal bacterial products. the aim of our study was to determine if defects in innate immunity are similarly associated with increased adaptive immune responses to microbial antigens in crohn's disease patients.	2007	17258734
acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among californian parents of daughters: a representative statewide analysis.	to examine likelihood of parental acceptance of human papillomavirus (hpv) vaccination for young adolescent girls, together with reasons for acceptance and nonacceptance. the ultimate goal of this research is to inform policy decisions and educational planning in this area.	2007	17259050