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listeria monocytogenes-induced endogenous endophthalmitis in an otherwise healthy.purpose listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of endogenous endophthalmitis. to date 15 cases have been published in the literature. all eyes showed similar clinical features and profound visual loss mainly due to delayed diagnosis.201728226136
behavior of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in raw yellowfin tuna during cold storage.behavior of salmonella and listeria monocytogenes in raw yellowfin tuna during refrigeration and frozen storage were studied. growth of salmonella was inhibited in tuna during refrigerated storage, while l. monocytogenes was able to multiply significantly during refrigerated storage. populations of salmonella in tuna were reduced by 1 to 2 log after 12 days of storage at 5-7 °c, regardless levels of contamination. however, populations of l. monocytogenes scott a, m0507, and sfl0404 in inoculated ...201628231111
evaluation of electrolytically-generated hypochlorous acid ('electrolyzed water') for sanitation of meat and meat-contact surfaces.'electrolyzed water' generators are readily available in the food industry as a renewable source of hypochlorous acid that eliminates the need for workers to handle hazardous hypochlorite concentrates. we applied electrolyzed water (ew) directly to multi-strain cocktails of listeria monocytogenes, e. coli o157:h7, and salmonella sp. at 250 ppm free available chlorine (fac) and achieved greater than 6-log reductions in 2 min. lower ew values were examined as antimicrobial interventions for fresh ...201628231137
a computational study of amensalistic control of listeria monocytogenes by lactococcus lactis under nutrient rich conditions in a chemostat setting.we study a previously introduced mathematical model of amensalistic control of the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes by the generally regarded as safe lactic acid bacteria lactococcus lactis in a chemostat setting under nutrient rich growth conditions. the control agent produces lactic acids and thus affects ph in the environment such that it becomes detrimental to the pathogen while it is much more tolerant to these self-inflicted environmental changes itself. the mathematical model con ...201628231156
an evaluation of alternatives to nitrites and sulfites to inhibit the growth of salmonella enterica and listeria monocytogenes in meat products.in recent years, the use of nitrites and sulfites as food preservatives has been a cause for concern due to the health problems that these additives can cause in humans. natural products have been studied as an alternative, but most of them have hardly been applied in the food industry for technological and economic reasons. in this sense, organic salts such as sodium acetate are a good alternative due to their affordability. thus, this study evaluated the capacity of sodium nitrite, sodium sulf ...201628231169
presence of listeria monocytogenes in mediterranean-style dry fermented sausages.the morphological, physiological and epidemiological features of l. monocytogenes, together with the severity of human listeriosis infections, make l. monocytogenes of particular concern for manufacturers of cold-stored "ready to eat" (rte) foods. l. monocytogenes has been isolated from a wide variety of rte foods and is responsible for several outbreaks associated with the consumption of rte meat, poultry, dairy, fish and vegetable products. although l. monocytogenes is among the most frequentl ...201528231188
occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat meat products and meat processing plants in spain.the aim of this work was to study the occurrence of listeria monocytogenes in several types of ready-to-eat (rte) meat products and in the environment of meat processing plants. a total of 129 samples of rte meat products and 110 samples from work surfaces and equipment were analyzed. l. monocytogenes was detected in 6 out of 35 cooked products (17.14%), 21 out of 57 raw-cured products (36.84%), and 9 out of 37 dry-cured, salted products (24.32%). the number of sample units that exceeded the foo ...201528231204
efficacy of acetic acid against listeria monocytogenes attached to poultry skin during refrigerated storage.this work evaluates the effect of acetic acid dipping on the growth of l. monocytogenes on poultry legs stored at 4 °c for eight days. fresh inoculated chicken legs were dipped into either a 1% or 2% acetic acid solution (v/v) or distilled water (control). changes in mesophiles, psychrotrophs, enterobacteriaceae counts and sensorial characteristics (odor, color, texture and overall appearance) were also evaluated. the shelf life of the samples washed with acetic acid was extended by at least two ...201428234335
growth, viability and architecture of biofilms of listeria monocytogenes formed on abiotic surfaces.the pathogenic bacterium listeria monocytogenes can persist in food processing plants for many years, even when appropriate hygienic measures are in place, with potential for contaminating ready-to-eat products and, its ability to form biofilms on abiotic surfaces certainly contributes for the environmental persistence. in this research, l. monocytogenes was grown in biofilms up 8 days attached to stainless steel and glass surfaces, contributing for advancing the knowledge on architecture of mat ...201728237677
suppression of listeria monocytogenes by the native micro-flora in teewurst sausage.modern consumers are interested in the use of non-chemical methods to control pathogens when heat sterilization is not an option. such is the case with teewurst sausage, a raw spreadable sausage and a popular german commodity. although listeria was not found in teewurst, the optimal microbial growing conditions of teewurst coupled with the ubiquity of l. monocytogenes in nature, makes the possibility of contamination of products very possible. this pilot study was conducted to examine teewurst's ...201328239131
determination of listeria monocytogenes growth during mushroom production and distribution.in the eu, food is considered safe with regard to listeria monocytogenes if its numbers do not exceed 100 cfu/g throughout the shelf-life of the food. therefore, it is important to determine if a food supports growth of l. monocytogenes. challenge studies to determine the ability of a food to support growth of l. monocytogenes are essential as predictive modelling often overestimates the growth ability of l. monocytogenes. the aim of this study was to determine if growth of l. monocytogenes was ...201328239137
adenovirus serotype 5 vaccine vectors trigger il-27-dependent inhibitory cd4(+) t cell responses that impair cd8(+) t cell function.adenovirus serotype 5 (ad5) vaccine vectors elicit robust cd8(+) t cell responses, but these responses typically exhibit a partially exhausted phenotype. however, the immunologic mechanism by which ad5 vectors induce dysfunctional cd8(+) t cells has not previously been elucidated. here we demonstrate that, following immunization of b6 mice, ad5 vectors elicit antigen-specific il-10(+)cd4(+) t cells with a distinct transcriptional profile in a dose-dependent fashion. in rhesus monkeys, we similar ...201628239679
apoptotic cells enhance pathogenesis of listeria monocytogenes.infections by pathogenic microorganisms elicit host immune responses, which crucially limit those infections. pathogens employ various strategies to evade host immunity. we have identified the exploitation of the repertoire of potent immunosuppressive responses elicited normally by apoptotic cells ("innate apoptotic immunity"; iai) as one of these strategies. in the case of listeria monocytogenes, an environmentally ubiquitous, foodborne bacterial pathogen capable of causing life-threatening inv ...201728242425
one-step preparation of banana powder/silver nanoparticles composite films.silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) were synthesized using banana powder as a reducing and stabilizing agent, and banana/ag-nps composite films with different concentration of ag-nps were prepared simultaneously. the composite films were yellowish brown and exhibited characteristic plasmon resonance peak of ag-nps at 430 nm. the optical, mechanical, water vapor barrier, thermal stability, and antimicrobial properties of the composite films were greatly influenced by the concentration of ag-nps. the co ...201728242949
microbial survey of ready-to-eat salad ingredients sold at retail reveals the occurrence and the persistence of listeria monocytogenes sequence types 2 and 87 in pre-packed smoked salmon.as the preparation of salads involves extensive handling and the use of uncooked ingredients, they are particularly vulnerable to microbial contamination. this study aimed to determine the microbial safety and quality of pre-packed salads and salad bar ingredients sold in singapore, so as to identify public health risks that could arise from consuming salads and to determine areas for improvement in the management of food safety.201728245788
listeria monocytogenes and inflammatory bowel diseasedetection of listeria species in intestinal mucosal biopsies by real-time pcr. 200328248597
the position of prenylation of isoflavonoids and stilbenoids from legumes (fabaceae) modulates the antimicrobial activity against gram positive pathogens.the legume plant family (fabaceae) is a potential source of antimicrobial phytochemicals. molecular diversity in phytochemicals of legume extracts was enhanced by germination and fungal elicitation of seven legume species, as established by rp-uhplc-uv-ms. the relationship between phytochemical composition, including different types of skeletons and substitutions, and antibacterial properties of extracts was investigated. extracts rich in prenylated isoflavonoids and stilbenoids showed potent an ...201728254012
beneficial and safety properties of a corynebacterium vitaeruminis strain isolated from the cow rumen.corynebacterium vitaeruminis mru4 was isolated from the cow rumen and was differentiated from other isolates by rep-pcr and rapd and identified by 16s rrna sequencing. this strain presented higher survival rates for low ph and bile salts treatments, and it was able to survive and multiply in simulated gastric and intestinal environments. c. vitaeruminis mru4 had a 53.2% auto-aggregation rate, 42.4% co-aggregation rate with listeria monocytogenes scott a, 41.6% co-aggregation rate with enterococc ...201728258546
dual recombinant lactococcus lactis for enhanced delivery of dna vaccine reporter plasmid pperdby.food grade lactococcus lactis (l. lactis) has been widely used as an antigen and dna delivery vehicle. we had previously reported the use of non-invasive l. lactis for the delivery of newly constructed immunostimulatory dna vaccine reporter plasmid, pperdby. in the present report, we outline the construction of dual recombinant l. lactis expressing internalin a of listeria monocytogenes and harbouring pperdby (ll inla+ pperdby) to enhance the dna delivery efficiency of l. lactis. after confirmat ...201728258689
mutual growth-promoting effect between bifidobacterium bifidum wbbi03 and listeria monocytogenes cmcc 54001.in this paper, bifidobacterium bifidum wbbi03 and listeria monocytogenes cmcc 54001 were selected to detect the changes in their growth pattern after mutual interaction between them. the proteomic changes after the interaction between the 2 bacteria were detected by the isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation method. the proteins related to the biosynthesis and cell reproduction were selected, and their changes at the transcriptional level were monitored by fluorescent quantitative ...201728259400
antibacterial activity and synergistic antibacterial potential of biosynthesized silver nanoparticles against foodborne pathogenic bacteria along with its anticandidal and antioxidant effects.silver nanoparticles plays a vital role in the development of new antimicrobial substances against a number of pathogenic microorganisms. these nanoparticles due to their smaller size could be very effective as they can improve the antibacterial activity through lysis of bacterial cell wall. green synthesis of metal nanoparticles using various plants and plant products has recently been successfully accomplished. however, few studies have investigated the use of industrial waste materials in nan ...201728261161
isolation and characterisation of an enterocin p-producing enterococcus lactis strain from a fresh shrimp (penaeus vannamei).screening for lactic acid bacteria (lab) from fresh shrimp samples (penaeus vannamei) collected from retail seafood markets in the tunisian's coast, resulted in the isolation of an enterococcus strain termed q1. this strain was selected for its antagonistic activity against pathogenic bacteria such as listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, lactococcus garvieae and against fungi (aspergillus niger and fusarium equiseti). the q1 strain was characterised using standard morphological and bi ...201728265787
listeria monocytogenes induces an interferon-enhanced activation of the integrated stress response that is detrimental for resolution of infection in mice.type i interferons (ifns) induce a detrimental response during listeria monocytogenes (l. monocytogenes) infection. we were interested in identifying mechanisms linking ifn signaling to negative host responses against l. monocytogenes infection. herein we found that infection of myeloid cells with l. monocytogenes led to a coordinated induction of type i ifns and activation of the integrated stress response (isr). infected cells did not induce xbp1 splicing or bip upregulation, indicating that t ...201728267207
facile approach for large-scale production of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles and preparation of antibacterial cotton pads.metallic nanoparticles such as zinc oxide (znonps), copper oxide (cuonps), and silver (agnps) were synthesized in gram scale using green methods. the antibacterial cotton fibers/nanoparticles (cotton fibers/nps) composite pads were prepared, and nanoparticle binding/release tests were performed. all the nps were crystalline and showed characteristic xrd diffraction peaks and showed the characteristic ftir bands of the respective nanoparticles. all the nps showed strong antimicrobial activity aga ...201728267490
structural insights into glutathione-mediated activation of the master regulator prfa in listeria monocytogenes. 201728271443
a 3-year multi-food study of the presence and persistence of listeria monocytogenes in 54 small food businesses in ireland.the problem of assessing the occurrence of the food-borne pathogen listeria monocytogenes in the food chain, and therefore the risk of exposure of the human population, is often challenging because of the limited scope of some studies. in this study the occurrence of l. monocytogenes in food from four major food groups, dairy products, meats, seafood and vegetables, and associated food processing environments in ireland was studied over a three-year period. fifty-four small food businesses parti ...201728271853
prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected african countries - a meta-analysis.food safety information in the african region is insufficient and fragmented due to lack of surveillance, documentation and reporting, thereby resulting in inefficient utilization of resources, duplication of activities, and lack of synergy among the countries of the region. this paper reviews the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in seven african countries (benin, botswana, ghana, kenya, nigeria, sudan and uganda) from papers in regional or international journals published between january 2000 ...201728271855
listeria monocytogenes internalizes in romaine lettuce grown in greenhouse conditions.listeria monocytogenes has been implicated in a number of outbreaks involving fresh produce, including an outbreak in 2016 resulting from contaminated packaged salads. the persistence and internalization potential of l. monocytogenes in romaine lettuce was evaluated, and the persistence of two l. monocytogenes strains was assessed on three romaine lettuce cultivars. seeds were germinated, and plants grown in three soil types (i.e., standard potting mix, autoclaved potting mix, and top soil) and ...201728271926
in situ generation of chlorine dioxide for surface decontamination of produce.fresh fruits and vegetables are frequently contaminated with bacterial pathogens and implicated in foodborne illnesses. the objective of this study was to develop a unique surface decontamination method for produce using sodium chlorite and an acid in a sequential treatment. the surfaces of cantaloupe rinds, peels of cucumbers, stem scars of grape tomatoes, and leaves of baby spinach were inoculated with salmonella or listeria monocytogenes at 5 to 6 log cfu/g, submerged in 1.6 to 4% sodium chlo ...201728272919
genetic characterization of listeria monocytogenes isolates from industrial and retail ready-to-eat meat-based foods and their relationship with clinical strains from human listeriosis in portugal.listeria monocytogenes isolates (n = 81) recovered from ready-to-eat meat-based food products (rtemp) collected in industrial processing plants and retail establishments were genetically characterized for comparison with those from human clinical cases of listeriosis (n = 49). the aim was to assess rtemp as a possible food source for human infection. l. monocytogenes was detected in 12.5% of the rtemp samples, and in some cases, counts were above the european food safety criteria. all isolates w ...201728272920
inactivation of listeria monocytogenes on frozen red raspberries by using uv-c light.in this study, the efficacy of uv-c treatment was determined on the reduction of foodborne pathogens on artificially contaminated frozen food surfaces. at first, the uv-c inactivation rates on 100 μl of the respective cocktails of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella , and listeria monocytogenes covered underneath 0.5-cm-thick ice were examined. simultaneously, the energy percentage of uv-c transmitted through the ice was determined. the experiments showed that more than 65% of the uv-c light en ...201728272923
virulence genes and genetic relationship of l. monocytogenes isolated from human and food sources in brazil.the herein presented assay provided a bacteriological and molecular characterization of 100 samples of l. monocytogenes isolated from human (43) and food (57) sources, from several regions of brazil, and collected between 1975 and 2013. antigenic characterization defined 49% of serotype 4b samples, followed by 28% of serotype 1/2b, 14% of serotype 1/2c, 8% of serotype 1/2a, and 1% of serotype 3b. both type of samples from human and food origin express the same serotype distribution. multiplex pc ...201728274807
the complement anaphylatoxins c5a and c3a suppress ifn-β production in response to listeria monocytogenes by inhibition of the cyclic dinucleotide-activated cytosolic surveillance pathway.listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular gram-positive bacterium that induces expression of type i ifns (ifn-α/ifn-β) during infection. these cytokines are detrimental to the host during infection by priming leukocytes to undergo l. monocytogenes-mediated apoptosis. our previous studies showed that c5ar1(-/-) and c3ar(-/-) mice are highly susceptible to l. monocytogenes infection as a result of increased ifn-β-mediated apoptosis of major leukocyte cell populations, including cd4(+) and cd8(+) ...201728275134
listeria monocytogenes in fresh produce: outbreaks, prevalence and contamination levels.listeria monocytogenes, a member of the genus listeria, is widely distributed in agricultural environments, such as soil, manure and water. this organism is a recognized foodborne pathogenic bacterium that causes many diseases, from mild gastroenteritis to severe blood and/or central nervous system infections, as well as abortion in pregnant women. generally, processed ready-to-eat and cold-stored meat and dairy products are considered high-risk foods for l. monocytogenes infections that cause h ...201728282938
teriyaki sauce with carvacrol or thymol effectively controls escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, and indigenous flora in marinated beef and marinade.an effective bactericidal cold-marinating method for beef products is described, exploiting the synergism between soy sauce and natural compounds (carvacrol, cv or thymol, tm) to reduce microbiological risks. beef slices inoculated with escherichia coli o157:h7, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium (3.1-3.5logcfu/g) were marinated in a teriyaki sauce with or without cv and tm (0.3 and 0.5%). after 1, 3, and 7days at 4°c, indigenous microflora population, color, lipid oxidation, mar ...201728285115
strain-specific probiotic properties of lactic acid bacteria and their interference with human intestinal pathogens invasion.one of the working mechanisms of probiotic bacteria is their ability to compete with pathogens. to define the probiotic properties of seven lactic acid bacteria (lab) strains, we tested them for survival in simulated gastro-intestinal conditions, antimicrobial activities, co-aggregative abilities, and interferences studies against five human intestinal pathogens (salmonella enteritidis atcc 13076, listeria monocytogenes atcc 7644, escherichia coli o157: h7 atcc 35150, cronobacter sakazakii atcc ...201728286570
efficient control of chronic lcmv infection by a cd4 t cell epitope-based heterologous prime-boost vaccination in a murine model.cd4(+) t cells are essential for sustaining cd8(+) t cell responses during a chronic infection. the adoptive transfer of virus-specific cd4(+) t cells has been shown to efficiently rescue exhausted cd8(+) t cells. however, the question of whether endogenous virus-specific cd4(+) t cell responses can be enhanced by certain vaccination strategies and subsequently reinvigorate exhausted cd8(+) t cells remains unexplored. in this study, we developed a cd4(+) t cell epitope-based heterologous prime-b ...201728287115
intractable neck pain in an oncologic palliative care setting: is cancer always the answer?refractory pain is a common manifestation in an oncologic palliative care setting and represents a major challenge for health care professionals involved in care provision. the underlying neoplasm and its dissemination are the foremost pathophysiologic mechanism for the development of pain in patients with advanced cancer. nonetheless, other etiologies such as trauma and infections need to be considered by clinicians in this particular care setting. the authors present the case of a patient with ...201728287358
listeria monocytogenes ability to survive desiccation: influence of serotype, origin, virulence, and genotype.listeria monocytogenes, a bacterium that is responsible for listeriosis, is a very diverse species. desiccation resistance has been rarely studied in l. monocytogenes, although it is a stress that is largely encountered by this microorganism in food-processing environments and that could be managed to prevent its presence. the objective of this study was to evaluate the resistance of 30 l. monocytogenes strains to moderate desiccation (75% relative humidity) and evaluate the correlation of such ...201728288399
control of recombination directionality by the listeria phage a118 protein gp44 and the coiled-coil motif of its serine integrase.the serine integrase of phage a118 catalyzes integrative recombination between attp on the phage and a specific attb locus on the chromosome of listeriamonocytogenes but is unable to promote excisive recombination between the hybrid attl and attr sites found on the integrated prophage without assistance from a recombination directionality factor (rdf). we have identified and characterized the phage-encoded rdf, gp44, which activates the a118 integrase for excision and inhibits integration. gp44 ...201728289084
metabolic determinants in listeria monocytogenes anaerobic listeriolysin o production.listeria monocytogenes is a human pathogen and a facultative anaerobe. to better understand how anaerobic growth affects l. monocytogenes pathogenesis, we first showed that anaerobic growth led to decreased growth and changes in surface morphology. moreover, compared to aerobically grown bacteria, anaerobically grown l. monocytogenes established higher level of invasion but decreased intracellular growth and actin polymerization in cultured cells. the production of listeriolysin o (llo) was sign ...201728289786
biofilm-producing ability of listeria monocytogenes isolates from brazilian cheese processing plants.the persistence of listeria monocytogenes in food industry environments has been associated to the ability of specific isolates to produce biofilms. this study aimed to evaluate the biofilm production of 85 l. monocytogenes strains previously isolated from samples of cheese, brine and the environment of two cheese processing plants located in são paulo, brazil. the l. monocytogenes isolates belonged to serotypes 4b, 1/2b and 1/2c, yielded 30 different pulsotypes by pulsed-field gel electrophores ...201728290331
artisanal sonoran cheese (cocido cheese): an exploration of its production process, chemical composition and microbiological quality.the objective of this study was to explore and document the production process of artisanal cocido cheese and to determine its chemical composition and microbiological quality, considering samples from six dairies and four retailers.201728295334
human α-defensin 6: a small peptide that self-assembles and protects the host by entangling microbes.human α-defensin 6 (hd6) is a 32-residue cysteine-rich peptide that contributes to innate immunity by protecting the host at mucosal sites. this peptide is produced in small intestinal paneth cells, stored as an 81-residue precursor peptide named prohd6 in granules, and released into the lumen. one unusual feature of hd6 is that it lacks the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity observed for other human α-defensins, including the paneth cell peptide human α-defensin 5 (hd5). hd6 exhibits unprece ...201728296382
anti-listeria activity of lactic acid bacteria in two traditional sicilian cheeses.listeria monocytogenes is a pathogen frequently found in dairy products, and its growth is difficult to control. bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (blis), produced by lactic acid bacteria (lab), having proven in vitro anti-listeria activity, could provide an innovative approach to control l. monocytogenes; however, this application needs to be evaluated in vivo. in this study, twenty lab strains isolated from different sicilian dairy environments were tested for control of growth of l. mono ...201728299290
bacterial detection using peptide-based platform and impedance spectroscopy.antimicrobial peptides have the ability to function as bio-recognition elements in the detection of bacteria. for instance, we showed that leucocin a, an antimicrobial peptide from class iia bacteriocins, binds gram-positive listeria monocytogenes with higher affinity than other gram-positive bacteria like s. aureus, l. innocua, and e. faecalis. the binding was detected using impedance spectroscopy when leucocin a immobilized on impedance electrodes binds bacteria from a sample. here we highligh ...201728299684
efficacy of a sonicating swab for removal and capture of listeria monocytogenes in biofilm on stainless steel.listeria monocytogenes is of great concern in food processing facilities because it persists in biofilms, potentiating biotransfer. stainless steel is commonly used for food contact surfaces and transport containers. l. monocytogenes biofilm on stainless steel served as a model system for surface sampling to test the performance of a sonicating swab in comparison to a standard cotton swab. swab performance and consistency were determined using total viable counts. stainless steel coupons sampled ...201728314729
antibacterial activity of phenyllactic acid against listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli by dual mechanisms.phenyllactic acid (pla), a phenolic acid phytochemical, is considered to be a promising candidate for use as a chemical preservative due to its broad antimicrobial activity. the antibacterial target of pla has rarely been reported, thus investigations were performed to elucidate the antibacterial mechanism of pla against listeria monocytogenes and escherichia coli. flow cytometry analysis stained with propidium iodide (pi) demonstrated that pla could damage the membrane integrity of l. monocytog ...201728317760
occurrence of hepatitis a and e and norovirus gi and gii in ready-to-eat vegetables in italy.fresh vegetables and their ready-to-eat (rte) salads have become increasingly recognized as potential vehicles for foodborne diseases. the eu reg. 1441/2007 establishes microbiological criteria for bacterial pathogens for products placed on the market during their shelf-life (i.e. salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes) for pre-cut fruits and vegetables (rte) whilst it does not address the problem of contamination by enteric viruses. in this study we investigated the contamination by hepatitis ...201728319799
biofilm inhibition formation of clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa mutans, photocatalytic activity of azo dye and gc-ms analysis of leaves of lagerstroemia speciosa.the investigation was conducted to analyse the bioactive compounds from the leaf extracts of l. speciosa by gc-ms. the extracts were screened for antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against potential clinical strains. the bioactive compounds from the leaves of l. speciosa were extracted by soxhlet continuous extraction method and their chemical composition was analysed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms). the antibacterial activity was evaluated against clinical strain like stap ...201728319869
listeria monocytogenes meningitis preceded by acute cholangitis.listeria monocytogenes is a well-known cause of meningitis in immunocompromised patients. this organism has a growing significance for community-acquired meningitis, which should have ampicillin added to the usual regimen. we describe a case of l. monocytogenes meningitis preceded by cholangitis. this case suggests gastrointestinal symptoms preceding meningitis may be a clue of listeriosis. it is important for physicians to consider l. monocytogenes as a cause of bacterial meningitis in patients ...201728320704
impairment of the class iia bacteriocin receptor function and membrane structural changes are associated to enterocin crl35 high resistance in listeria monocytogenes.enterocin crl35 is a class iia bacteriocin with anti-listeria activity. resistance to these peptides has been associated with either the downregulation of the receptor expression or changes in the membrane and cell walls. the scope of the present work was to characterize enterocin crl35 resistant listeria strains with mics more than 10,000 times higher than the mic of the wt sensitive strain.201728323072
suspected giant cell aortitis : from multiple aortic structural damage to fatal listeria sepsi. a case report.giant cell arteritis ( gca) is an inflammatory vasculopathy affecting large and middle-sized vessels , specifically cranial arteries derived from carotid artery. isolated extracranial vessel involvement can occur. interest in extravascular manifestations is recently increasing because of diffusion of sensitive and specific imaging tools such as 18fdg pet tc . patients have an increased relative risk of severe infection. listeria monocytogenes infection risk is increased, and vascular system invo ...201728323232
exploring specific primers targeted against different genes for a multiplex pcr for detection of listeria monocytogenes.the efficacy of six different sets of primers targeted against 16s rrna and virulence genes such as 'iap', 'hly' and 'prf' was evaluated in separate pcr assays. the primer pairs targeted against 16s rrna resulted into amplification of 1.2 kb pcr product. however, sets of primers targeted against different regions of 'iap' produced 371 and 660 bp pcr products, respectively. the primer pair targeted against 'prf' gene could produce 508 bp product. three primer pairs targeted against different regi ...201528324291
a genetic screen reveals that synthesis of 1,4-dihydroxy-2-naphthoate (dhna), but not full-length menaquinone, is required for listeria monocytogenes cytosolic survival.through unknown mechanisms, the host cytosol restricts bacterial colonization; therefore, only professional cytosolic pathogens are adapted to colonize this host environment. listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive intracellular pathogen that is highly adapted to colonize the cytosol of both phagocytic and nonphagocytic cells. to identify l. monocytogenes determinants of cytosolic survival, we designed and executed a novel screen to isolate l. monocytogenes mutants with cytosolic survival defe ...201728325762
cytotoxicity, bactericidal, and antioxidant activity of sodium alginate hydrosols treated with direct electric current.the aim of the study was to investigate the effect of using direct electric current (dc) of 0, 200, and 400 ma for five minutes on the physiochemical properties, cytotoxicity, antibacterial, and antioxidant activity of sodium alginate hydrosols with different sodium chloride concentrations. the ph, oxidation-reduction potential (orp), electrical conductivity (ec), and available chlorine concentration (acc) were measured. the effect of sodium alginate hydrosols treated with dc on staphylococcus a ...201728327520
listeria monocytogenes cadc regulates cadmium efflux and fine-tunes lipoprotein localization to escape the host immune response and promote infection.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a major intracellular human foodborne bacterial pathogen. we previously revealed lm-cadc as highly expressed during mouse infection. here we show that lm-cadc is a sequence-specific, dna-binding and cadmium-dependent regulator of cada, an efflux pump conferring cadmium resistance. cadc, but not cada, is required for lm infection in vivo. interestingly, cadc also directly represses lspb, a gene encoding a lipoprotein signal peptidase whose expression appears detrime ...201728329127
sensing of bacterial cyclic dinucleotides by the oxidoreductase recon promotes nf-κb activation and shapes a proinflammatory antibacterial state.bacterial and host cyclic dinucleotides (cdns) mediate cytosolic immune responses through the sting signaling pathway, although evidence suggests that alternative pathways exist. we used cdn-conjugated beads to biochemically isolate host receptors for bacterial cdns, and we identified the oxidoreductase recon. high-affinity cdn binding inhibited recon enzyme activity by simultaneously blocking the substrate and cosubstrate sites, as revealed by structural analyses. during bacterial infection of ...201728329705
listeria monocytogenes endophthalmitis after intermediate uveitis and ppv for retinal detachment. 201728329887
multiplex pcr for simultaneous identification of e. coli o157:h7, salmonella spp. and l. monocytogenes in food.the rapid detection of pathogens in food is becoming increasingly critical for ensuring the safety of consumers, since the majority of food-borne illnesses and deaths are caused by pathogenic bacteria. hence, rapid, sensitive, inexpensive and convenient approaches to detect food-borne pathogenic bacteria is essential in controlling food safety. in this study, a multiplex pcr assay for the rapid and simultaneous detection of escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella spp. and listeria monocytogenes was ...201628330283
pregnancy vaccination with gold glyco-nanoparticles carrying listeria monocytogenes peptides protects against listeriosis and brain- and cutaneous-associated morbidities.listeriosis is a fatal infection for fetuses and newborns with two clinical main morbidities in the neonatal period, meningitis and diffused cutaneous lesions. in this study, we vaccinated pregnant females with two gold glyconanoparticles (gnp) loaded with two peptides, listeriolysin peptide 91-99 (llo91-99) or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 1-22 peptide (gapdh1-22). neonates born to vaccinated mothers were free of bacteria and healthy, while non-vaccinated mice presented clear brain a ...201628335280
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes on ready-to-eat meats using bacteriocin mixtures based on mode-of-action.bacteriocin-producing (bac⁺) lactic acid bacteria (lab) comprising selected strains of lactobacillus curvatus, lactococcus lactis, pediococcus acidilactici, and enterococcus faecium and thailandicus were examined for inhibition of listeria monocytogenes during hotdog challenge studies. the bac⁺ strains, or their cell-free supernatants (cfs), were grouped according to mode-of-action (moa) as determined from prior studies. making a mixture of as many moas as possible is a practical way to obtain a ...201728335414
management of adult infectious encephalitis in metropolitan france.infectious encephalitis is a severe disease leading to a high mortality and morbidity. the most frequent causes include herpes simplex virus, varicella zoster virus, listeria monocytogenes, and mycobacterium tuberculosis. urgent treatment is required (anti-infective therapy and nonspecific supportive care). the aim of this study was to define treatment strategy, empirical and after microbiological documentation at 48hours, through a systematic literature review.201728336304
genotypes associated with listeria monocytogenes isolates displaying impaired or enhanced tolerances to cold, salt, acid, or desiccation stress.the human pathogen listeria monocytogenes is a large concern in the food industry where its continuous detection in food products has caused a string of recalls in north america and europe. most recognized for its ability to grow in foods during refrigerated storage, l. monocytogenes can also tolerate several other food-related stresses with some strains possessing higher levels of tolerances than others. the objective of this study was to use a combination of phenotypic analyses and whole genom ...201728337186
epidemiology of infectious encephalitis causes in 2016.we performed a literature search in the medline database, using the pubmed website. the incidence of presumably infectious encephalitis is estimated at 1.5-7 cases/100,000 inhabitants/year, excluding epidemics. infectious encephalitis and immune-mediated encephalitis share similar clinical signs and symptoms. the latter accounts for a significant proportion of presumably infectious encephalitis cases without any established etiological diagnosis; as shown from a prospective cohort study where 21 ...201728341533
gut symbiotic microbes imprint intestinal immune cells with the innate receptor slamf4 which contributes to gut immune protection against enteric pathogens.interactions between host immune cells and gut microbiota are crucial for the integrity and function of the intestine. how these interactions regulate immune cell responses in the intestine remains a major gap in the field.201728341747
production of reuterin in a fermented milk product by lactobacillus reuteri: inhibition of pathogens, spoilage microorganisms, and lactic acid bacteria.we assessed the antimicrobial activity of reuterin produced in vitro in glycerol aqueous solutions in situ by lactobacillus reuteri atcc 53608 as part of a fermented milk product against starter (lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and streptococcus thermophilus), spoilage (penicillium expansum), pathogenic (staphylococcus aureus, salmonella enterica ssp. enterica, and listeria monocytogenes), and pathogen surrogate (escherichia coli dh5α) microorganisms. we also assayed the influence of c ...201728342608
membrane fatty acid composition as a determinant of listeria monocytogenes sensitivity to trans-cinnamaldehyde.trans-cinnamaldehyde, the major compound of cinnamon essential oil, is a potentially interesting natural antimicrobial food preservative. although a number of studies have addressed its mode of action, the factors that determine bacterial sensitivity or tolerance to trans-cinnamaldehyde are poorly understood. we report the detailed characterization of a listeria monocytogenes scott a trans-cinnamaldehyde hypersensitive mutant defective in ilve, which catalyzes the reversible transamination of br ...201728342836
antimicrobial medium- and long-chain free fatty acids prevent prfa-dependent activation of virulence genes in listeria monocytogenes.the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes is the causative agent of the invasive disease listeriosis. infection by l. monocytogenes involves bacterial crossing of the intestinal barrier and intracellular replication in a variety of host cells. the prfa protein is the master regulator of virulence factors required for bacterial entry, intracellular replication and cell-to-cell spread. prfa-dependent activation of virulence genes occurs primarily in the blood and during intracellular infection ...201728344104
differential roles of caspase-1 and caspase-11 in infection and inflammation.caspase-1, also known as interleukin-1β (il-1β)-converting enzyme (ice), regulates antimicrobial host defense, tissue repair, tumorigenesis, metabolism and membrane biogenesis. on activation within an inflammasome complex, caspase-1 induces pyroptosis and converts pro-il-1β and pro-il-18 into their biologically active forms. "ice(-/-)" or "casp1(-/-)" mice generated using 129 embryonic stem cells carry a 129-associated inactivating passenger mutation on the caspase-11 locus, essentially making t ...201728345580
stevia rebaudiana bertoni effect on the hemolytic potential of listeria monocytogenes.the effect of stevia rebaudiana bertoni on the hemolytic potential of listeria monocytogenes was studied by means of the assessment of the listeriolysin o (llo) production. the three factors under study, stevia concentration in the range [0-2.5] % (w/v), incubation temperature (10 and 37°c), and exposure time (0-65h) significantly affected (p≤0.05) the hemolytic activity of l. monocytogenes. results showed that at the lower incubation temperature the hemolytic potential of the bacterium was sign ...201728346877
a comparative analysis of the lyve-set phylogenomics pipeline for genomic epidemiology of foodborne pathogens.modern epidemiology of foodborne bacterial pathogens in industrialized countries relies increasingly on whole genome sequencing (wgs) techniques. as opposed to profiling techniques such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, wgs requires a variety of computational methods. since 2013, united states agencies responsible for food safety including the cdc, fda, and usda, have been performing whole-genome sequencing (wgs) on all listeria monocytogenes found in clinical, food, and environmental samples ...201728348549
primary pyogenic ventriculitis caused by neisseria meningitidis: case report and review of the literature.background. pyogenic ventriculitis is a well-known complication of meningitis, brain abscesses and intraventricular drains. primary pyogenic ventriculitis is a rare entity and few cases have been described so far. we report the first case of primary pyogenic ventriculitis in an adult caused by neisseria meningitidis and present an overview of all reported adult primary pyogenic ventriculitis cases in the english literature. methods. a pubmed search was performed using the terms ependymitis, vent ...201728348798
successful treatment of listeria monocytogenes prosthetic valve endocarditis using rifampicin and benzylpenicillin in combination with valve replacement.introduction.listeria monocytogenes is an uncommon cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis (pve). recommended antimicrobial therapy typically includes intravenous β-lactams with or without synergistic aminoglycosides. in vitro studies have previously identified antagonism when rifampicin has been used in combination with β-lactams. however, in vivo data of rifampicin use are limited despite its enhanced anti-biofilm activity. case presentation. a 63-year-old male presented with fever and back pai ...201728348807
ngmaster:in silico multi-antigen sequence typing for neisseria gonorrhoeae.whole-genome sequencing (wgs) provides the highest resolution analysis for comparison of bacterial isolates in public health microbiology. however, although increasingly being used routinely for some pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes and salmonella enterica, the use of wgs is still limited for other organisms, such as neisseria gonorrhoeae. multi-antigen sequence typing (ng-mast) is the most widely performed typing method for epidemiological surveillance of gonorrhoea. here, we present ng ...201628348871
stochastic and differential activation of σ(b) and prfa in listeria monocytogenes at the single cell level under different environmental stress conditions.during host infection, the foodborne pathogen listeria monocytogenes must sense and respond to rapidly changing environmental conditions. two transcriptional regulators, the alternative sigma factor b (σ(b)) and the positive regulatory factor a (prfa), are key contributors to the transcriptomic responses that enable bacterial survival in the host gastrointestinal tract and invasion of host duodenal cells. increases in temperature and osmolarity induce activity of these proteins; such conditions ...201728352251
disinfection and removal of human pathogenic bacteria in arctic waste stabilization ponds.wastewater stabilization ponds (wsps) are commonly used to treat municipal wastewater in arctic canada. the biological treatment in the wsps is strongly influenced by climatic conditions. currently, there is limited information about the removal of fecal and pathogenic bacteria during the short cool summer treatment season. with relevance to public health, the objectives of this paper were to determine if treatment in arctic wsps resulted in the disinfection (i.e., removal of fecal indicator bac ...201728353112
antimicrobial resistance profiles of listeria monocytogenes and listeria innocua isolated from ready-to-eat products of animal origin in spain.the objective of this work was to investigate the antimicrobial resistance in listeria spp. isolated from food of animal origin. a total of 50 listeria strains isolated from meat and dairy products, consisting of 7 listeria monocytogenes and 43 listeria innocua strains, were characterized for antimicrobial susceptibility against nine antimicrobials. the strains were screened by real-time pcr for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes: tet m, tet l, mef a, msr a, erm a, erm b, lnu a, and ...201728355096
stalling autophagy: a new function for listeria phospholipases.listeria monocytogenes is a gram-positive bacterial pathogen that induces its own uptake in non-phagocytic cells. following invasion, listeria escapes from the entry vacuole through the secretion of a pore-forming toxin, listeriolysin o (llo) that acts to damage and disrupt the vacuole membrane. listeria then replicates in the cytosol and is able to spread from cell-to-cell using actin-based motility. in addition to llo, listeria produces two phospholipase toxins, a phosphatidylinositol-specific ...201428357210
corrigendum: uncovering listeria monocytogenes hypervirulence by harnessing its biodiversity. 201728358126
microbiological and sensory quality of fresh ready-to-eat artichoke hearts packaged under modified atmosphere.in recent years the sales of minimally processed vegetables have grown exponentially as a result of changes in consumer habits. the availability of artichoke buds as a ready-to-eat product would be, therefore, highly advantageous. however, minimally processed artichoke hearts are difficult to preserve because of their rapid browning and the proliferation of naturally occurring microorganisms. we developed artichoke hearts prepared as ready-to-eat products that maintain the characteristics of the ...201728358262
peritonitis as the first presentation of disseminated listeriosis in a patient on peritoneal dialysis-a case report.infections with listeria monocytogenes are uncommon but serious, with mortality rate approaching 30% in cases of systemic involvement despite first-line therapy. they are usually caused by ingestion of contaminated foods, but spontaneous infections have also been described. listeria monocytogenes is a rare cause of peritonitis, and most of the published cases are in patients with cirrhosis and ascites. there are a few reported cases of listeria peritonitis associated with peritoneal dialysis (pd ...201728360372
a type i ifn-dependent dna damage response regulates the genetic program and inflammasome activation in macrophages.macrophages produce genotoxic agents, such as reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, that kill invading pathogens. here we show that these agents activate the dna damage response (ddr) kinases atm and dna-pkcs through the generation of double stranded breaks (dsbs) in murine macrophage genomic dna. in contrast to other cell types, initiation of this ddr depends on signaling from the type i interferon receptor. once activated, atm and dna-pkcs regulate a genetic program with diverse immune functio ...201728362262
biocontrol of the internalization of salmonella enterica and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli in mung bean sprouts with an endophytic bacillus subtilis.internalization of salmonella enterica and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) in seed sprouts poses a health risk to consumers, and the conventional sanitization methods are not always effective to reduce this risk. this study initiated a biocontrol approach to limit the internalization using endophytic bacillus subtilis strains, which were isolated from the inner tissue of mung bean seeds or lettuce stems. by using the deferred agar method, 12 strains of b. subtilis out of 94 putative b ...201728364624
invasive listeriosis in a patient with several episodes of antibiotic associated colitis presumably due to clostridium difficile.a 62-year-old man developed a blood stream infection and meningitis due to listeria monocytogenes, 20 days after an episode of pseudo-membranous colitis. the patient, hospitalized for the first time for transurethral prostatectomy, was readmitted 20 days later with watery diarrhea. pseudo-membranous colitis was diagnosed and treated successfully, without testing for clostridium difficile infection (cdi). after 15 more days, the patient developed again diarrhea, fever and confusion. hospitalized ...201728365900
comparative effects of untreated and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane treated zno nanoparticle reinforcement on properties of polylactide-based nanocomposite films.polylactide (pla) nanocomposites characterized by antimicrobial properties are gaining increasing attention for food packaging. in this contribution, the pla based nanocomposite films with multifunctional end-use properties were achieved by incorporating zno nanoparticles (nps) [untreated: zno(ut) and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane treated: zno(st)] into polymer matrix via solvent casting method. the zno(st) prevented the degradation of pla at higher temperature and improved the mechanical ...201728366847
listeria monocytogenes: a rare cause of endophthalmitis, a case report.listeria monocytogenes is a known cause of gastroenteritis. invasive disease can follow bacteremia causing meningoencephalitis, endocarditis and spontaneous miscarriages in immunocompromised patients and pregnant women respectively. we present the first case in england of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by l. monocytogenes following acute gastroenteritis in an immunocompetent host. a 50-year-old south asian female presented with acute painful unilateral visual loss occurring shortly after an e ...201728367407
listeria monocytogenes cadc regulates cadmium efflux and fine-tunes lipoprotein localization to escape the host immune response and promote infection.listeria monocytogenes (lm) is a major intracellular human foodborne bacterial pathogen. we previously revealed lm-cadc as highly expressed during mouse infection. here we show that lm-cadc is a sequence-specific, dna-binding and cadmium-dependent regulator of cada, an efflux pump conferring cadmium resistance. cadc, but not cada, is required for lm infection in vivo. interestingly, cadc also directly represses lspb, a gene encoding a lipoprotein signal peptidase whose expression appears detrime ...201728368435
the prevalence of listeria monocytogenes and staphylococcus aureus and their virulence genes in bulk tank milk in kosovo.milk is considered to be a healthy, nutritious food product. microbiological quality is an important aspect in evaluating the quality of milk.201728368859
galleria mellonella as an in vivo model for assessing the protective activity of probiotics against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens.the antagonistic activity against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens is an important property of probiotic bacteria and a desirable feature for pre-selection of novel strains with probiotic potential. pre-screening of candidate probiotics for antibacterial activity should be based on in vitro and in vivo tests. this study investigated whether the protective activity of probiotic bacteria against gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens can be evaluated using galleria mellonella larvae as an in viv ...201728369512
an in vivo reporter assay for srna-directed gene control in gram-positive bacteria: identifying a novel srna target in staphylococcus aureus.bacterial small regulatory rnas (srnas) play a major role in the regulation of various cellular functions. most srnas interact with mrna targets via an antisense mechanism, modifying their translation and/or degradation. despite considerable progresses in discovering srnas in gram-positive bacteria, their functions, for the most part, are unknown. this is mainly due to difficulties in identifying their targets. to aid in the identification of srna targets in gram-positive bacteria, we set up an ...201728369640
contamination by salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and listeria spp. of most popular chicken- and pork-sausages sold in reunion island.one of the most popular meat products of the local "cuisine" is sausage composed with 100% chicken or 100% pork. in this study, we aimed to determine the presence of salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and listeria spp. in chicken- and pork-sausages, quantify salmonella spp. population and identify the factors that could be associated with contamination in the outlets. two hundred and three batches of pork and chicken sausages were randomly collected from 67 local outlets (supermarkets, grocerie ...201728371717
chemical content, antibacterial and antioxidant properties of essential oil extract from tunisian origanum majorana l. cultivated under saline condition.essential oils of marjoram were extracted from plants, growing under non-saline and saline condition (75mm nacl). their antioxidant and antibaterial activity against six bacteria (enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidis, listeria ivanovii, listeria inocula, and listeria monocytogenes) were assessed. result showed that, (i) independently of salt treatment, marjoram essential oils inhibited the growth of most of the bacteria but in degrees. the least susceptible one was ent ...201628375110
whey protein isolate/cellulose nanofibre/tio2 nanoparticle/rosemary essential oil nanocomposite film: its effect on microbial and sensory quality of lamb meat and growth of common foodborne pathogenic bacteria during refrigeration.the use of biodegradable nanocomposite films in active packaging is of great importance since they can have a controlled release of antimicrobial compounds. this study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of whey protein isolate (wpi)/cellulose nanofibre (cnf) nanocomposite films containing 1.0% (w/w) titanium dioxide (tio2) and 2.0% (w/v) rosemary essential oil (reo) in preserving the microbial and sensory quality of lamb meat during the storage at 4±1°c. initially, the best concentration of ...201728376399
listeria monocytogenes infection associated with alemtuzumab - - a case for better preventive strategies.the mortality of septicaemia, meningitis and encephalitis caused by listeria monocytogenes is 20-40%. twenty-one cases of invasive listeriosis associated with alemtuzumab, including at least 16 in patients with multiple sclerosis, have been published or reported to the world health organization case safety reports database. three cases were fatal, including at least one patient treated for multiple sclerosis in 2016.201728376817
listeriolysin s is a streptolysin s-like virulence factor that targets exclusively prokaryotic cells in vivo.streptolysin s (sls)-like virulence factors from clinically relevant gram-positive pathogens have been proposed to behave as potent cytotoxins, playing key roles in tissue infection. listeriolysin s (lls) is an sls-like hemolysin/bacteriocin present among listeria monocytogenes strains responsible for human listeriosis outbreaks. as lls cytotoxic activity has been associated with virulence, we investigated the lls-specific contribution to host tissue infection. surprisingly, we first show that l ...201728377528
antagonistic activity of lactobacillus reuteri strains on the adhesion characteristics of selected pathogens.adhesion ability of probiotics is the key factor that decides their colonization in the gastrointestinal tract and potential to inhibit pathogens. therefore, adhesion ability can be considered as a key determinant for probiotic efficacy. presents study documents the antagonistic activity of viable/untreated, lithium chloride (licl) treated or heat-killed forms of eight probiotic lactobacillus reuteri strains on the adhesion characteristics of selected pathogens. all strains investigated were abl ...201728377765
local outbreak of listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b sequence type 6 due to contaminated meat pâté.in january and february 2016, five cases of confirmed and two cases of probable infection due to listeria monocytogenes serotype 4b, sequence type (st) 6 belonging to a single pulsed-field gel electrophoresis pulsotype pattern were registered in a region of southern switzerland. l. monocytogenes was detected in blood samples (four cases) and pleural fluid (one case). furthermore, l. monocytogenes 4b st6 was detected in a stool sample of an asymptomatic person exposed to a common food. forthwith, ...201728379731
bacteriocins for control of listeria spp. in food.foodborne outbreaks of listeriosis caused by listeria monocytogenes have contributed to public consciousness about bacterial pathogens involved with foodborne disease. major concerns with l. monocytogenes are its high mortality rate, wide distribution on raw products, growth at low temperatures, and its ability to establish itself in various food-processing environments. these concerns have prompted the examination of novel approaches, including the use of antimicrobial peptides, or bacteriocins ...199628384026
comparative phenotypic and genotypic analysis of swiss and finnish listeria monocytogenes isolates with respect to benzalkonium chloride resistance.reduced susceptibility of listeria monocytogenes to benzalkonium chloride (bc), a quaternary ammonium compound widely used in food processing and hospital environments, is a growing public health and food safety concern. the minimal inhibitory concentration of bc on 392 l. monocytogenes strains from switzerland (ch) and finland (fin) was determined. within this strain collection, benzalkonium chloride resistance was observed in 12.3% (24/195) of swiss and 10.6% (21/197) of finnish strains. in bo ...201728386248
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