Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| exogenously provided peptides of a self-antigen can be processed into forms that are recognized by self-t cells. | major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii molecules can present peptides derived from two different sources. the predominant source of peptide in uninfected antigen presenting cells (apcs) is from self-proteins that are synthesized within the cell and traffic through the mhc class ii compartment. the other source of antigen is endocytosed proteins, which includes both self- and foreign proteins. foreign protein antigens generate adaptive immune responses, whereas self-peptides stabilize th ... | 0 | 9565633 |
| challenging cytokine redundancy: inflammatory cell movement and clinical course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis are normal in lymphotoxin-deficient, but not tumor necrosis factor-deficient, mice. | lymphotoxin (lt) is widely regarded as a proinflammatory cytokine with activities equivalent to tumor necrosis factor (tnf). the contribution of lt to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) was examined using tnf/ltalpha-/- mice, tnf-/- mice, and a new ltalpha-/- line described here. all mice were generated directly in the c57bl/6 strain and used for the preparation of radiation bone marrow chimeras to reconstitute peripheral lymphoid organs and restore immunocompetence. this approach o ... | 0 | 9565643 |
| vaccination with dna encoding an immunodominant myelin basic protein peptide targeted to fc of immunoglobulin g suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | we explore here if vaccination with dna encoding an autoantigenic peptide can suppress autoimmune disease. for this purpose we used experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is an autoaggressive disease in the central nervous system and an animal model for multiple sclerosis. lewis rats were vaccinated with dna encoding an encephalitogenic t cell epitope, guinea pig myelin basic protein peptide 68-85 (mbp68-85), before induction of eae with mbp68-85 in complete freund's adjuvant. co ... | 1998 | 9565646 |
| cognitive function and dementia in six areas of england and wales: the distribution of mmse and prevalence of gms organicity level in the mrc cfa study. the medical research council cognitive function and ageing study (mrc cfas). | this two-stage prevalence survey involved geographically delimited areas, four urban (liverpool, newcastle, nottingham and oxford) and two rural (cambridgeshire and gwynedd), including institutions. | 1998 | 9572090 |
| nasopharyngeal colonization with nontypeable haemophilus influenzae in chinchillas. | colonization of the nasopharynx by a middle ear pathogen is the first step in the development of otitis media in humans. the establishment of an animal model of nasopharyngeal colonization would therefore be of great utility in assessing the potential protective ability of candidate vaccine antigens (especially adhesins) against otitis media. a chinchilla nasopharyngeal colonization model for nontypeable haemophilus influenzae (nthi) was developed with antibiotic-resistant strains. this model do ... | 1998 | 9573078 |
| identification of epitope and surface-exposed domains of shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigen d (ipad). | transport and surface expression of the invasion plasmid antigens (ipa proteins) is an essential trait in the pathogenicity of shigella spp. in addition to the type iii protein secretion system encoded by the mxi/spa loci on the large virulence plasmid, transport of ipab and ipac into the surrounding medium is modulated by ipad. to characterize the structural topography of ipad, the geysen epitope-mapping system was used to identify epitopes recognized by surface-reactive monoclonal and polyclon ... | 1998 | 9573082 |
| active and passive immunity against borrelia burgdorferi decorin binding protein a (dbpa) protects against infection. | borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochete that causes lyme disease, binds decorin, a collagen-associated extracellular matrix proteoglycan found in the skin (the site of entry for the spirochete) and in many other tissues. two borrelial adhesins that recognize this proteoglycan, decorin binding proteins a and b (dbpa and dbpb, respectively), have recently been identified. infection of mice by low-dose b. burgdorferi challenge elicited antibodies against dbpa and dbpb that were sustained at high level ... | 1998 | 9573101 |
| isolation of an escherichia coli k-12 mutant strain able to form biofilms on inert surfaces: involvement of a new ompr allele that increases curli expression. | classical laboratory strains of escherichia coli do not spontaneously colonize inert surfaces. however, when maintained in continuous culture for evolution studies or industrial processes, these strains usually generate adherent mutants which form a thick biofilm, visible with the naked eye, on the wall of the culture apparatus. such a mutant was isolated to identify the genes and morphological structures involved in biofilm formation in the very well characterized e. coli k-12 context. this mut ... | 1998 | 9573197 |
| coordinated repression in vitro of the divergent fepa-fes promoters of escherichia coli by the iron uptake regulation (fur) protein. | the mechanism involved in transcriptional repression of the fepa-fes divergent promoters of escherichia coli by the fur (ferric uptake regulation) protein has been examined in vitro. this dna region includes a suboptimal and single fur-binding site with two divergent and overlapped -35/-10 hexamers. comparison of transcription patterns generated with runoff experiments in either the presence or the absence of heparin showed that access of the rna polymerase to the principal -35/-10 hexamers was ... | 1998 | 9573216 |
| human immunodeficiency virus inhibits multilineage hematopoiesis in vivo. | human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (hiv-1)-infected individuals often exhibit multiple hematopoietic abnormalities reaching far beyond loss of cd4(+) lymphocytes. we used the scid-hu (thy/liv) mouse (severe combined immunodeficient mouse transplanted with human fetal thymus and liver tissues), which provides an in vivo system whereby human pluripotent hematopoietic progenitor cells can be maintained and undergo t-lymphoid differentiation and wherein hiv-1 infection causes severe depletion of cd ... | 1998 | 9573283 |
| nasal tolerance to experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis: tolerance reversal by nasal administration of minute amounts of interferon-gamma. | tolerance to b cell-mediated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg), an animal model for myasthenia gravis (mg) in humans, can be achieved by nasal administration of the autoantigen acetylcholine receptor (achr). nasal tolerance induction requires only 1/1000 of the amount of achr used for oral tolerance induction, but is as effective in preventing eamg. to investigate whether nasally induced tolerance to eamg can be influenced by nasal administration of cytokines, recombinant rat ifn- ... | 1998 | 9576006 |
| increased calpain expression in activated glial and inflammatory cells in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis (ms), myelin membrane structure is destabilized as myelin proteins are lost. calcium-activated neutral proteinase (calpain) is believed to participate in myelin protein degradation because known calpain substrates [myelin basic protein (mbp); myelin-associated glycoprotein] are degraded in this disease. in exploring the role of calpain in demyelinating diseases, we examined calpain expression in lewis rats with acute experimental allergic ence ... | 1998 | 9576959 |
| the cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models. | a cold plate apparatus was designed to test the responses of unrestrained rats to low temperature stimulation of the plantar aspect of the paw. at plate temperatures of 10 degrees c and 5 degrees c, rats with either chronic constriction injury (cci) of the sciatic nerve or complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) induced inflammation of the hindpaw displayed a stereotyped behavior. brisk lifts of the treated hindpaw were recorded, while no evidence of other nociceptive behaviors could be discerned. the ... | 1998 | 9583773 |
| abortive proliferation of rare t cells induced by direct or indirect antigen presentation by rare b cells in vivo. | antigen-specific b cells are implicated as antigen-presenting cells in memory and tolerance responses because they capture antigens efficiently and localize to t cell zones after antigen capture. it has not been possible, however, to visualize the effect of specific b cells on specific cd4+ helper t cells under physiological conditions. we demonstrate here that rare t cells are activated in vivo by minute quantities of antigen captured by antigen-specific b cells. antigen-activated b cells are h ... | 0 | 9584139 |
| cellular characterization of the 91kda-ectopic ascitic antigen sharing antigenicity with mrp8 in the human placenta as revealed by immunoelectron microscopical colloidal-gold techniques. | cellular characterization of the 91kda-ectopic ascitic protein that exhibits pregnancy-associated and tumour-related dynamics has been examined in the human placenta using an electron microscopic immunocolloidal-gold technique. this protein was initially isolated from the ascitic fluids of a patient suffered from ovarian and uterine cancers with mixed mesodermal tumours, and determined to be sharing antigenicity with the 28kda-oncodevelopmental protein and a calcium-binding protein; mrp8/cfa, re ... | 1998 | 9584513 |
| adrenergic regulation of macrophage-derived tumor necrosis factor-alpha generation during a chronic polyarthritis pain model. | increases in the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tnf alpha, have been intricately linked with arthritis and the pathogenesis of several models of neuropathic pain. in addition, arthritis (as well as other types of persistent pain) is associated with increased sympathetic activity and alterations of other responses in autonomic nervous activity. adrenergic regulation of lps-stimulated tnf production by m phi isolated from rats with streptococcal-cell-wall (scw)-induced arthritis has ... | 1998 | 9585810 |
| [clinical and laboratory diagnostic findings in chronic pleuropneumonia of swine]. | in the course of an experimental study 12 pigs were infected intrabronchially with the pathogen of infectious porcine pleuropneumonia, actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. all animals survived the acute stage of infection due to the application of subtherapeutic doses of antibiotics. after infection all of the animals showed clinical signs of acute pneumonia with an elevation of body temperature to about 41 degrees c. bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) was taken every week endoscopically. an increa ... | 1998 | 9587973 |
| [anterior chamber associated immune deviation inhibiting experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis]. | to study the inhibition of occurrence and development of experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis (eau) by the induction of anterior chamber associated immune deviation (acaid). | 1996 | 9590833 |
| increased capillary filtration of albumin in diabetic patients--relation with gender, hypertension, microangiopathy, and neuropathy. | the aim of this study was to investigate the factors associated with an increase in capillary filtration of albumin (cfa) in a large series of diabetic patients and its relationship with gender, hypertension, microangiopathy, and neuropathy. one hundred sixty-three unselected diabetic patients, 74 type i and 89 type ii, were included. an isotopic test of cfa was performed with 99m technetium-labeled albumin injected intravenously. radioactivity was counted externally at the forearm with a gamma ... | 1998 | 9591738 |
| antigen-induced protective and nonprotective cell-mediated immune components against cryptococcus neoformans. | mice immunized with two different cryptococcal antigen preparations, one a soluble culture filtrate antigen (cnef) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) and the other heat-killed cryptococcus neoformans cells (hkc), develop two different profiles of activated t cells. cnef-cfa induces cd4+ t cells responsible for delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactivity and for amplification of the anticryptococcal dth response, whereas hkc induce cd4+ and cd8+ t cells involved in anticryptococcal dth reacti ... | 1998 | 9596727 |
| antibody-secreting cells in the stomachs of symptomatic and asymptomatic helicobacter pylori-infected subjects. | in this study we analyzed whether infection with helicobacter pylori gives rise to specific b-cell responses against a number of putative virulence factors of h. pylori, e.g., urease, flagellin, and different bacterial surface antigens, locally in the gastric mucosa. this was studied in antrum and corpus biopsies collected from 11 h. pylori-infected patients with duodenal ulcers, 11 asymptomatic h. pylori carriers, and 13 noninfected, healthy controls. mononuclear cells were isolated from the bi ... | 1998 | 9596737 |
| the immunodominant brugia malayi paramyosin as a marker of current infection with wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | the full-length cdna sequence encoding brugia malayi l3 paramyosin has been isolated by immunoscreening a cdna library with a mouse antiserum raised against wuchereria bancrofti l3 infective larvae. a recombinant truncated form of paramyosin was expressed as a glutathione s-transferase fusion protein and used to evaluate humoral responses of adults from a w. bancrofti-endemic area in french polynesia according to their parasitological status. immunoglobulin g4 (igg4) preferentially bound to para ... | 1998 | 9596759 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage cellularity: lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis compared with the fibrosing alveolitis of systemic sclerosis. | lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) is histologically identical to fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (fassc), but it has a much worse prognosis after matching for disease severity at presentation. the aims of this study were to gain insights into possible pathogenetic mechanisms contributing to this prognostic difference, by comparing bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) cellularity in the two diseases, and to evaluate the relationships between bal findings and the regional ... | 1998 | 9603126 |
| analysis of cis-acting elements required for bfpa expression in enteropathogenic escherichia coli. | bfpa expression in enteropathogenic escherichia coli is regulated by growth medium, temperature, and ammonium concentration and requires the bfpt protein (also called pera), a member of the arac family of transcriptional activators. site-directed and pcr random mutagenesis, as well as deletion analysis of the bfpa upstream regulatory region, supported assignment of the promoter elements and demonstrated that the cis-acting elements that mediate bfpt-dependent regulation of bfpa are located betwe ... | 1998 | 9603898 |
| epitope specificity of antibodies raised against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli cfa/i fimbriae in mice immunized with naked dna. | the cfab gene, coding for the cfa/i fimbrial adhesin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), was cloned and expressed as a fusion peptide with the glycoprotein d (gd) from herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv) in the pre4 eukaryotic expression vector, resulting in the recombinant plasmid precfa. all balb/c mice injected intramuscularly (i.m.) with a single dose (100 micrograms) of the purified plasmid developed antibodies against epitopes found on dissociated cfa/i subunits as well as other homo ... | 1998 | 9607003 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine. | the safety and immunogenicity of two different lots, 001 and 003, of an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine consisting of a mixture of formalin-killed whole bacteria expressing the most prevalent colonisation factor antigens, i.e. cfa/i, cfa/ii and cfa/iv and recombinantly produced cholera b subunit (rctb) have been evaluated in swedish volunteers. neither of the two vaccine preparations, containing different cfa/ii-expressing strains but otherwise identical, gave ri ... | 1998 | 9607039 |
| retroviral transfer and long-term expression of the adrenoleukodystrophy gene in human cd34+ cells. | adrenoleukodystrophy (ald) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that results from a genetic deficiency of aldp, an abc protein involved in the transport of very long-chain fatty acids (vlcfas). the cloning of the ald gene and the positive effects of allogeneic bone marrow transplantation support the feasibility of a gene therapy approach. we report the retroviral transfer of the ald cdna to peripheral blood and bone marrow cd34+ cells from control donors and ald patients. pre ... | 1998 | 9607414 |
| [long-term results of 2 therapeutic protocols in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia of usual risk. experience at the 20th of november national medical center]. | the purpose of this study is to know the disease-free survival in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (all), submitted to two therapeutic programs. habitual risk was defined as age older than 2 and younger than 10 years, without neurological, mediastinal or testicular infiltrations, leukocytes < 25 x 10(9)/l and morphologic cell type distinct of l-3. the first group (lal81) included 30 patients, from 1981 to 1986, and they received: induction with vincristine (vcr) and prednisone (pdn); c ... | 2015 | 9618993 |
| th1 unresponsiveness can be infectious for unrelated antigens. | cd4+ t cells may be assigned a functional status (th1 or th2) according to the cytokines they produce including il-2, ifn-gamma and il-4. th1 and th2 cd4+ t cells deliver different isotype-switching signals to antigen-specific b cells which bias the serum ig isotypes. the stimulation of th1 or th2 responses is influenced by adjuvants and administration of antigen in ifa results in th1 unresponsiveness as evidenced by: (i) reduced t cell proliferation to antigen; (ii) reduced ifn-gamma production ... | 1998 | 9619488 |
| lower extremity arterial evaluation: are segmental arterial blood pressures worthwhile? | physiologic observations with blood flow waveform analysis and pressure measurements can document the severity of lower extremity arterial disease. segmental blood pressures (segps) taken at the thigh, calf, and ankle are commonly used, but their utility has seldom been studied. we quantified improvements in accuracy compared with arteriography when ankle pressures alone (abi) or segp data were added to velocity waveforms obtained by doppler ultrasound. | 1998 | 9620134 |
| characteristics of arthrobacter cumminsii, the most frequently encountered arthrobacter species in human clinical specimens. | during a 2-year period, 10 strains of arthrobacter cumminsii were isolated in or received by a swiss routine clinical bacteriology laboratory, and 5 further isolates were referred to a swedish bacteriology reference center over a 5-year period, making a. cumminsii the most frequently encountered arthrobacter species in these two laboratories. the present report outlines the clinical features of the 15 a. cumminsii strains and presents an extended biochemical characterization of this microorganis ... | 1998 | 9620373 |
| cdc group o-3: phenotypic characteristics, fatty acid composition, isoprenoid quinone content, and in vitro antimicrobic susceptibilities of an unusual gram-negative bacterium isolated from clinical specimens. | between 1983 and 1994, 13 phenotypically similar unidentified clinical isolates were received by the special bacteriology reference laboratory, centers for disease control and prevention (cdc). sources included blood (four strains), lung (three strains), knee fluid and duodenal tissue (one strain each), bone, and lymph node tissue (two strains each). all were aerobic glucose-oxidizing, slender, long, curved gram-negative rods that utilized xylose, sucrose, and maltose; did not grow on macconkey ... | 1998 | 9620398 |
| evaluation of north american antibody detection tests for diagnosis of brucellosis in goats. | the sensitivities and specificities of 17 antibody detection tests for brucellosis in goats were estimated. tests evaluated included the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) card test with 8% cell concentration (8%card), usda rapid automated presumptive test (rap), mexican rose bengal plate tests with 8 and 3% cell concentrations (8%rb and 3%rb), french rose bengal plate test with 4.5% cell concentration (4.5%rb), usda standard plate test (spt), usda buffered acidified plate agglutination test ... | 1998 | 9620406 |
| l1 antibodies block lymph node fibroblastic reticular matrix remodeling in vivo. | l1 is an immunoglobulin superfamily adhesion molecule highly expressed on neurons and involved in cell motility, neurite outgrowth, axon fasciculation, myelination, and synaptic plasticity. l1 is also expressed by nonneural cells, but its function outside of the nervous system has not been studied extensively. we find that administration of an l1 monoclonal antibody in vivo disrupts the normal remodeling of lymph node reticular matrix during an immune response. ultrastructural examination reveal ... | 0 | 9625755 |
| endogenous myelin basic protein inactivates the high avidity t cell repertoire. | to study the contribution of endogenous myelin basic protein (mbp) to the positive and/or negative selection of the mbp-specific t cell repertoire, we studied the t cell response to mbp in mbp-deficient shiverer and mbp-expressing congenic c3h mice. immunization with mbp induced a vigorous t cell response in shiverer mice directed against a single i-ak- restricted immunodominant determinant, the core of which is peptide mbp:79-87 (denpvvhff). injection of this peptide induced a high avidity t ce ... | 0 | 9625765 |
| vaccine-induced th1-type responses are dominant over th2-type responses in the short term whereas pre-existing th2 responses are dominant in the longer term. | the effect of adjuvant on induction of human papillomavirus type 16 e7 protein-specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) and immunoglobulin g (igg)2a antibody was studied in c57bl/6 j mice immunized with various adjuvants and e7 protein. quil-a adjuvant, but not complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or algammulin, induced a t-helper 1 (th1)-type response to e7, which was characterized by ctl activity against a tumour cell line transfected with e7 protein and by e7-specific igg2a. all tested adjuvants el ... | 1998 | 9627130 |
| induction of protective immune responses by immunization with linear multiepitope peptides based on conserved sequences from plasmodium falciparum antigens. | a cysteine-containing peptide motif, ewspcsvtcg, is found highly conserved in the circumsporozoite protein (csp) and the thrombospondin-related anonymous protein (trap) of all the plasmodium species analyzed so far and has been shown to be crucially involved in the sporozoite invasion of hepatocytes. we have recently shown that peptide sequences containing this motif, and also the antibodies raised against the motif, inhibit the merozoite invasion of erythrocytes. however, during natural infecti ... | 1998 | 9632590 |
| intestinal immune responses to an inactivated oral enterotoxigenic escherichia coli vaccine and associated immunoglobulin a responses in blood. | an inactivated oral enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) vaccine against etec diarrhea was given to 25 adult swedish volunteers. the vaccine consisted of formalin-killed e. coli bacteria expressing the most common colonization factor antigens (cfas), i.e., cfa/i, -ii, and -iv, and recombinantly produced cholera b subunit (ctb). immunoglobulin a (iga) antibody responses in intestinal lavage fluid to ctb and cfas were determined and compared with corresponding responses in stool extracts and se ... | 1998 | 9632600 |
| low-dose irradiation induces expression of heat shock protein 70 mrna and thermo- and radio-resistance in myeloid leukemia cell line. | we examined the effects of in vitro low-dose irradiation on myeloid leukemia cells (m1 cells) and found that it enhanced the colony-forming ability (cfa) of m1 cells in semi-solid agar. this enhancement was inhibited by treatment with a protein synthesis inhibitor, cycloheximide and with an rna synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin d, after irradiation. these findings suggested that low-dose irradiation induced the synthesis of some proteins which were attributed to the enhancement of cfa. since we e ... | 1998 | 9635495 |
| targeting the il-15 receptor with an antagonist il-15 mutant/fc gamma2a protein blocks delayed-type hypersensitivity. | owing to shared receptor components, the biologic activities of il-15 are similar to those of il-2. however, the patterns of tissue expression of il-2/il-2r alpha and il-15/il-15r alpha differ. the development of agents targeting the receptor and signaling elements of il-15 may provide a new perspective for treatment of diseases associated with expression of il-15/il-15r. we designed, genetically constructed, and expressed a receptor site-specific il-15 antagonist by mutating glutamine residues ... | 1998 | 9637483 |
| analysis of genes involved in biosynthesis of coronafacic acid, the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronafacic acid (cfa) is the polyketide component of coronatine (cor), a phytotoxin produced by the plant-pathogenic bacterium pseudomonas syringae. the genes involved in cfa biosynthesis are encoded by a single transcript which encompasses 19 kb of the cor gene cluster. in the present study, the nucleotide sequence was determined for a 4-kb region located at the 3' end of the cfa biosynthetic gene cluster. three open reading frames were identified and designated cfa8, cfa9, and tnp1; the predi ... | 1998 | 9642184 |
| [food habits outside the home by school children in cotonou (benin)]. | urban growth leads to the consumption of food outside the home, with the demand for street food coming particularly from school children. a survey of 240 primary school children aged 8 to 13 was carried out, by means of personal interviews. more than 90% were regularly given pocket money by their parents, and this money was used mainly for buying food from vendors inside or near their schools. less than 20% of children ate breakfast at home before going to school. food purchases occurred mostly ... | 2016 | 9642729 |
| effect of aging on experimental autoimmune prostatitis: differential kinetics of development. | we have studied the influence of aging on the kinetics of autoimmune response in experimental autoimmune prostatis (eap). eap was induced in 3- and 12-month-old wistar rats by i.d. immunization with a saline extract of rat male sex accessory glands (rag), chemically modified, and emulsioned in cfa. after immunization, 12-month-old rats developed a faster and stronger specific dth response against rag and mononuclear infiltration in the prostate. the levels of total igm and igg against rag were l ... | 1998 | 9646835 |
| tissue-specific up-regulation of b7-1 expression and function during the course of murine relapsing experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | b7/cd28-mediated costimulation is a promising target for therapeutic intervention in autoimmune diseases. however, studies addressing the differential functional roles of b7-1 and b7-2 in several autoimmune models have resulted in conflicting data, perhaps due to the temporal dynamics of b7-1 and b7-2 surface expression on different cell types and/or at different sites during an autoimmune response. we examined the temporal expression of b7 costimulatory molecules in the cns and in various lymph ... | 1998 | 9647224 |
| loss of fimbrial adhesion with the addition of vaccinum macrocarpon to the growth medium of p-fimbriated escherichia coli. | vaccinium macrocarpon--the american cranberry--irreversibly inhibits the expression of p-fimbriae of e. coli. further effects on the function and expression of p-fimbriae were studied by growing p-fimbriated e. coli in solid media laced with cranberry juice. | 1998 | 9649291 |
| clonal nature of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli serotype o6:h16 revealed by randomly amplified polymorphic dna analysis. | the genetic relatedness among 29 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains of serotype o6:h16 was investigated by randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis. the strains were isolated in different parts of the world, displayed cs1-cs3 or cs2-cs3 profiles, and expressed heat-labile toxin (lt) and heat-stable toxin; a single strain expressed only lt. ten rapd types were distinguished and showed significant similarity, having on average 82% of the amplified bands in common. these results ind ... | 1998 | 9650973 |
| mediastinal lymphadenopathy in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: the effect of steroid therapy on the prevalence of nodal enlargement. | to determine the prevalence of enlarged mediastinal lymph nodes in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) and to assess whether this frequency was related to steroid administration. | 1998 | 9651059 |
| leukemia inhibitory factor is an anti-inflammatory and analgesic cytokine. | the mrna for leukemia inhibitory factor (lif), a neuroimmune signaling molecule, is elevated during skin inflammation produced by intraplantar injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). moreover, although lif knock-out mice display normal sensitivity to cutaneous mechanical and thermal stimulation compared with wild-type mice, the degree of cfa-induced inflammation in mice lacking lif is enhanced in spatial extent, amplitude, cellular infiltrate, and interleukin (il)-1beta and nerve growth f ... | 1998 | 9651226 |
| cd4 t cell tolerance to human c-reactive protein, an inducible serum protein, is mediated by medullary thymic epithelium. | inducible serum proteins whose concentrations oscillate between nontolerogenic and tolerogenic levels pose a particular challenge to the maintenance of self-tolerance. temporal restrictions of intrathymic antigen supply should prevent continuous central tolerization of t cells, in analogy to the spatial limitation imposed by tissue-restricted antigen expression. major acute-phase proteins such as human c-reactive protein (hcrp) are typical examples for such inducible self-antigens. the circulati ... | 1998 | 9653079 |
| immunization with a peptide surrogate for double-stranded dna (dsdna) induces autoantibody production and renal immunoglobulin deposition. | anti-double-stranded dna (dsdna) antibodies are the serologic abnormality characteristically associated with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and may play an important role in disease pathogenesis. although the anti-dsdna antibodies present in sle are indicative of an antigen-driven response, the antigen has not been conclusively identified. by screening a phage peptide display library, we demonstrated previously that the decapeptide dweysvwlsn is specifically bound by the pathogenic murine ig ... | 1998 | 9653081 |
| antiviral protection and germinal center formation, but impaired b cell memory in the absence of cd19. | coligation of cd19, a molecule expressed during all stages of b cell development except plasmacytes, lowers the threshold for b cell activation with anti-igm by a factor of 100. the cytoplasmic tail of cd19 contains nine tyrosine residues as possible phosphorylation sites and is postulated to function as the signal transducing element for complement receptor (cr)2. generation and analysis of cd19 gene-targeted mice revealed that t cell-dependent (td) antibody responses to proteinaceous antigens ... | 1998 | 9653091 |
| b lymphocytes producing demyelinating autoantibodies: development and function in gene-targeted transgenic mice. | we studied the cellular basis of self tolerance of b cells specific for brain autoantigens using transgenic mice engineered to produce high titers of autoantibodies against the myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog), a surface component of central nervous system myelin. we generated "knock-in" mice by replacing the germline jh locus with the rearranged immunoglobulin (ig) h chain variable (v) gene of a pathogenic mog-specific monoclonal antibody. in the transgenic mice, conventional b cells r ... | 0 | 9653093 |
| epitope specificity of a monoclonal antibody generated against the dissociated cfa/i fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 84) raised against the dissociated cfa/i fimbriae of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli was characterized with regard to antigen binding and epitope specificity. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) showed that mab 84 had higher affinity to cfa/i subunits than to intact cfa/i fimbriae and recognized a salmonella flagellin carrying an insert corresponding to amino acids 32 to 45 of the cfa/i subunit. fine epitope mapping based on the pepscan technique showed that the ... | 1998 | 9654365 |
| a study on the culture medium antigens of cystcercus cellulosae for detecting antibodies of cysticercosis by means of abc-elisa. | two antigens of cysticercus cellulosae, cystic fluid antigen (cfa) and the culture medium antigen (cma), were used in avidin-biotin peroxdase complex-elisa (abc-elisa) to detect igg antibodies in 45 cases of cysticercosis treated with praziquantel. the results revealed the total positive rates as 51.11% with cma and 82.22% with cfa. the positive rates in the cases treated within 2 courses of treatment were 79.17% for cma and 87.50% for cfa, and only 19.05% for cma and 71.43% for cfa in the cases ... | 1997 | 9656362 |
| observations on the effects of cysticercosis immune sera on cysticercosis by scanning electronmicroscopy. | two antigens of taenia solium cysticercus, cystic fluid antigen (cfa) and the culture medium antigen (cma), were used respectively to immunize rabbits in order to obtain immunosera. the cma immunoserum added to culture medium with cysticerci limited the activities of the bladder worms. by using the scanning electronmicroscope, we could observe particulate deposits on the surface of the scolices, suckers and necks of the worms. the cfa immunoserum group showed similar changes but the deposit was ... | 1997 | 9656368 |
| temperature regulation of heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) synthesis in escherichia coli is mediated by an interaction of h-ns protein with the lt a-subunit dna. | protein and mrna levels of heat-labile enterotoxin (lt) of escherichia coli are highest at 37 degrees c, and they decrease gradually as temperature is decreased. this temperature effect is eliminated in an hns- mutant. deletion of portions of dna coding for the lt a subunit also results in an increase in lt expression at low temperatures, suggesting that the h-ns protein causes inhibition of transcription at low temperatures by interacting with the lt a-subunit dna. the region that interacts wit ... | 1998 | 9658020 |
| effect of in vitro monocyte activation by listeria monocytogenes antigens on phagocytosis and production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen radicals in bovines. | macrophages by virtue of their phagocytic and antibacterial activities play an important role in the host resistance to intracellular pathogens including listeria monocytogenes. however, the precise killing mechanism adopted by macrophages in the case of l. monocytogenes and the role of macrophage activation in bacterial killing are still unclear. in the present investigation, different antigens of pathogenic l. monocytogenes and three non-specific activators, namely, lipopoly-saccharide (lps), ... | 1998 | 9661264 |
| evaluation of the proline-rich antigen of coccidioides immitis as a vaccine candidate in mice. | we have expressed the proline-rich antigen (pra) from coccidioides immitis in escherichia coli and evaluated its potential as a vaccine candidate. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the recombinant protein (rpra) revealed two bands, which exhibited virtually identical primary amino acid sequences. t cells from rpra-immunized balb/c mice showed a significant in vitro proliferative response to rpra. a small but statistically significant proliferative response was ... | 1998 | 9673228 |
| the inactivated cowdria ruminantium vaccine for heartwater protects against heterologous strains and against laboratory and field tick challenge. | we previously described that an inactivated vaccine against heartwater prepared from cowdria ruminantium (crystal springs strain) organisms and administered in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) protected sheep against homologous needle challenge. further studies, described herein, demonstrated that this vaccine protected 100% of sheep against death on challenge with laboratory-infected ticks and with field ticks in a heartwater endemic farm, whereas a mortality rate of 44% and 62%, respectively, ... | 1998 | 9682380 |
| nitric oxide is a potential down-regulating molecule in autoimmune disease: inhibition of nitric oxide production renders pvg rats highly susceptible to eae. | rat strains vary in their susceptibility to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) and in many cases, factors other than mhc antigens are thought to play a role in this. we found that pvg rats, which have a very low susceptibility to eae, were rendered highly susceptible to clinical disease when treated with n-methylarginine (nma) an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase (nos). the clinical course of the ensuing disease in nma-treated pvg rats was in most cases fulminating in nature and ac ... | 1998 | 9688317 |
| t cell-independent type i antibody response against b cell epitopes expressed repetitively on recombinant virus particles. | recombinant viral or virus-like particles offer new tools for vaccine development. this study investigated hepatitis b core antigen (hbcag) capsids and rna phage qbeta coats as carriers of a foreign epitope to induce antibody responses in mice. hbcag capsids were shown to induce t cell-independent (ti) antibodies. we found that these particles behave as antigen-specific ti type 1 (ti-1) ag comparable to other rigidly structured viruses. when a 5-aa long epitope of the pre-s1 domain of hepatitis ... | 0 | 9689105 |
| nociceptin/orphanin fq binding increases in superficial laminae of the rat spinal cord during persistent peripheral inflammation. | regulation of nociceptin/orphanin fq neurotransmission in conjunction with peripheral inflammation and hyperalgesia was explored, using receptor autoradiography. binding of [3h]nociceptin was quantified in spinal segment l4 of rats at 2, 4 and 8 days following injection of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) into one hind-paw. densitometric analysis of autoradiograms showed that [3h]nociceptin binding increased in medial and lateral laminae i-ii bilaterally 4 days following injection of cfa compare ... | 1998 | 9696056 |
| immunoglobulin g subclass responses in mice immunized with plasmid dna encoding the cfa/i fimbria of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | balb/c mice immunized either with a plasmid vector (precfa), encoding the cfa/i fimbrial adhesin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), or purified cfa/i fimbriae induced similar antibody responses in regard to the kinetics of serum total immunoglobulins and igg. nonetheless, the igg subclass responses in mice vaccinated with dna were composed predominantly by igg2a (ranging from 39 to 74% of the total anti-cfa/i igg) and, to a lesser extent, by igg (ranging from 15 to 24% of the total anti ... | 1998 | 9698112 |
| immunization against the colonization factor antigen i of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli by administration of a bivalent salmonella typhimurium aroa strain. | an expression plasmid (pcfa-1) carrying the cfab gene that codes for the enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) fimbrial adhesin colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) subunit was constructed and used to transform a derivative of the attenuated salmonella typhimurium aroa vaccine strain sl3261 carrying an f'laciq. treatment of the transformed strain with isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside (iptg) resulted in elevated in vitro expression of the cfa/i subunit. although flagellar function and li ... | 1998 | 9698808 |
| dynamic vessel wall properties and their reproducibility in subjects with increased cardiovascular risk. | to determine reproducibility figures of dynamic arterial wall properties such as cross-sectional compliance (cc) and distensibility (dc) in subjects with increased cardiovascular risk, in comparison with healthy adults. | 1998 | 9705034 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2. | cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ... | 1998 | 9705403 |
| rescue of self-reactive b cells by provision of t cell help in vivo. | we have previously demonstrated that antigen-specific t cell help can rescue mature ig transgenic (tg) hen egg lysozyme (hel)-specific b cells from tolerance induction upon transfer into soluble hel-expressing tg hosts. here we extend these findings by showing that t cell help could also rescue both immature and mature self-reactive b cells from rapid deletion in response to high-avidity membrane-bound hel. moreover, although short-lived anergic peripheral b cells that had matured in the presenc ... | 1998 | 9710232 |
| piracy of decay-accelerating factor (cd55) signal transduction by the diffusely adhering strain escherichia coli c1845 promotes cytoskeletal f-actin rearrangements in cultured human intestinal int407 cells. | diffusely adhering escherichia coli (daec) c1845 (clinical isolate) harboring the fimbrial adhesin f1845 can infect cultured human differentiated intestinal epithelial cells; this process is followed by the disassembly of the actin network in the apical domain. the aim of this study was to examine the mechanism by which daec c1845 promotes f-actin rearrangements. for this purpose, we used a human embryonic intestinal cell line (int407) expressing the membrane-associated glycosylphosphatidylinosi ... | 1998 | 9712744 |
| interleukin-4 enhances pulmonary clearance of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | to determine the effects of interleukin-4 (il-4) on bacterial clearance from the mouse lung, transgenic mice expressing il-4 in respiratory epithelial cells under the control of the clara cell secretory protein promoter (ccsp-il-4 mice) were infected intratracheally with pseudomonas aeruginosa. survival of ccsp-il-4 mice following bacterial administration was markedly improved compared with that of control mice. while bacteria proliferated in lungs of wild-type mice, a rapid reduction in the num ... | 1998 | 9712772 |
| cd86 (b7-2), but not cd80 (b7-1), expression in the epidermis of transgenic mice enhances the immunogenicity of primary cutaneous candida albicans infections. | transgenic (tg) mice whose epidermal keratinocytes constitutively overexpress either b7-1 (cd80) or b7-2 (cd86) exhibited exaggerated cutaneous delayed type hypersensitivity (dth) to haptens compared to non-tg mice. to determine whether enhanced dth in these tg mice is seen in response to cutaneous fungal infections, a primary infection with candida albicans was established by inoculating this organism on the occluded skin of tg and non-tg mice. these infections resolved 7 days after removal of ... | 1998 | 9712799 |
| antibody responses in humans against coli surface antigen 6 of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains expressing only coli surface antigen 6 (cs6) have previously been isolated from patients with diarrhea, but the immunogenicity of cs6 has not been established in humans. we have detected cs6-specific immunoglobulin a responses in the feces and blood of patients convalescing from natural etec disease and of volunteers given an oral etec vaccine. | 1998 | 9712809 |
| synthesis and characterization of a protective peptide-based vaccine against schistosoma mansoni. | two synthetic peptides, corresponding to the n-terminal sequence of the 45-kda subunit of the protective 9b antigen of schistosoma mansoni and differing in only one amino acid residue, were synthesized. these peptides were recognized by the protective monoclonal antibody 152-66-9b, as well as by sera of mice and humans infected with schistosomiasis. the peptides were coupled to a protein carrier and used for immunization. one of the peptides, 9b-peptide1, induced in mice significant protection a ... | 1998 | 9712813 |
| suppressive effects of the oral administration of lactobacillus casei on type ii collagen-induced arthritis in dba/1 mice. | we investigated the effects of the oral administration of the viable bacterium lactobacillus casei strain shirota (lcs), on the development of type ii collagen (cii)-induced arthritis (cia) in dba/1 mice. male dba/1 mice were immunized with an emulsion of 100 microg of cii and complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). the mice were then given orally a suspension of lcs or distilled water (dw) during the experiment. we observed the development of cia in the mice, and determined the in vivo and ex vivo ci ... | 1998 | 9718093 |
| mutational analysis of plasmid r64 thin pilus prepilin: the entire prepilin sequence is required for processing by type iv prepilin peptidase. | the thin pili of inci1 plasmid r64, which is required for conjugation in liquid media, belong to the type iv pilus family. they consist of a major subunit, the pils product, and a minor component, one of the seven pilv products. the pils product is first synthesized as a 22-kda prepilin, processed to a 19-kda mature pilin by the function of the pilu product, and then secreted outside the cell. the mature pilin is assembled to form a thin pilus with the pilv product. to reveal the relationship be ... | 1998 | 9721303 |
| inhibition of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in lewis rats by nasal administration of encephalitogenic mbp peptides: synergistic effects of mbp 68-86 and 87-99. | induction of mucosal tolerance by inhalation of soluble peptides with defined t cell epitopes is receiving much attention as a means of specifically down-regulating pathogenic t cell reactivities in autoimmune and allergic disorders. experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced in the lewis rat by immunization with myelin basic protein (mbp) and freund's adjuvant (cfa) is mediated by cd4+ t cells specific for the mbp amino acid sequences 68-86 and 87-99. to further define the principl ... | 1998 | 9723700 |
| liposomes, a potential immunoadjuvant and carrier for a cryptococcal vaccine. | mice immunized with a cryptococcal culture filtrate antigen (cnef) emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) develop an anticryptococcal cell-mediated immune response (cmi). cmi is detected by delayed-type hypersensitivity (dth) reactions and by enhanced clearance of cryptococcus neoformans from infected tissues. the objective of this research was to evaluate anticryptococcal dth reactivity and clearance of cryptococci from groups of mice immunized with cnef encapsulated into liposomes (cne ... | 1998 | 9724568 |
| transporters associated with antigen processing (tap)-independent presentation of soluble insulin to alpha/beta t cells by the class ib gene product, qa-1(b). | t cell hybridomas isolated from nonresponder h-2(b) mice immunized with pork insulin were stimulated by insulin in the presence of major histocompatibility complex (mhc)-unmatched antigen presenting cells. the restriction element used by these cd4(-) t cells was mapped to an oligomorphic mhc class ib protein encoded in the t region and identified as qa-1(b) using transfectants. the antigenic determinant was localized to the insulin b chain, and experiments with truncated peptides suggested that ... | 1998 | 9730897 |
| compensatory arterial enlargement is a common pathobiologic response in early atherosclerosis. | human arteries are dynamic conduits that respond to different stimuli by remodeling their structure and size. arterial dilatation has been shown to occur in moderate and advanced atherosclerosis in studies that evaluated only one artery, either coronary, carotid, or superficial femoral artery (sfa). the purpose of this study was to quantify and compare compensatory arterial enlargement throughout the peripheral vascular system in early atherosclerosis. | 1998 | 9737619 |
| a signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat)4-independent pathway for the development of t helper type 1 cells. | the differentiation of t helper (th) cells is regulated by members of the signal transducer and activator of transcription (stat) family of signaling molecules. we have generated mice lacking both stat4 and stat6 to examine the ability of th cells to develop in the absence of these two transcription factors. stat4, stat6(-/-) lymphocytes fail to differentiate into interleukin (il)-4-secreting th2 cells. however, in contrast to stat4(-/-) lymphocytes, t cells from stat4, stat6(-/-) mice produce s ... | 1998 | 9743537 |
| apparent digestibility of nutrients and nitrogen balance during experimental infection of calves with eimeria bovis. | the apparent digestibilities (ad) of dry matter (dm), organic matter (om), crude ash (ca), crude fiber (cfi), crude fat (cfa) crude protein (cp) and nitrogen-free extracts (nfe) and the nitrogen balance were investigated during experimental eimeria bovis coccidiosis in calves. noninfected pair-fed controls and controls fed on a normal plan of nutrition were included in the study to allow differentiation between the effects of infection and of changes in feed intake. primary infection with 5 x 10 ... | 1998 | 9746279 |
| epidemiology and properties of heat-stable enterotoxin-producing escherichia coli serotype o169:h41. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) serotype o169:h41 organisms have become the most prevalent etec in japan since the first outbreak in 1991. it was assumed that the outbreaks were due to clonal spread of this new etec serotype. the relationship of 32 strains isolated from 6 outbreaks were examined for biotype, antibiotic susceptibility, enterotoxigenicity, protein banding pattern, lipopolysaccharide banding pattern, plasmid analysis, and ribotyping. further, the strains were examined by ha ... | 1998 | 9747753 |
| differential effects of treatment with nerve growth factor on thermal nociception and on calcitonin gene-related peptide content of primary afferent neurons in the rat. | we have investigated the effect of repeated systemic administration of nerve growth factor (ngf) to rats on (a) the calcitonin gene-related (cgrp) content of primary afferent neurons and (b) the thermal nociceptive threshold in normal and inflamed hind paws. ngf (0.1 mg/kg s.c.) was administered every other day for 7 days. after each injection of ngf there was transient thermal hyperalgesia lasting less than 23 h. one day after the last of four ngf injections, there was no detectable difference ... | 1998 | 9756343 |
| evidence for an underlying cd4 helper and cd8 t-cell defect in b-cell-deficient mice: failure to clear persistent virus infection after adoptive immunotherapy with virus-specific memory cells from mumt/mumt mice. | adoptive transfer of virus-specific memory lymphocytes can be used to identify factors and mechanisms involved in the clearance of persistent virus infections. to analyze the role of b cells in clearing persistent infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (lcmv), we used b-cell-deficient mumt/mumt (b-/-) mice. b-/- mice controlled an acute lcmv infection with the same kinetics and efficiency as b-cell-competent (b+/+) mice via virus-specific, major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ... | 1998 | 9765468 |
| cloning and expression of colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) epitopes of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) in salmonella flagellin. | oligonucleotides coding for linear epitopes of the fimbrial colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were cloned and expressed in a deleted form of the salmonella muenchen flagellin flic (h1-d) gene. four synthetic oligonucleotide pairs coding for regions corresponding to amino acids 1 to 15 (region i), amino acids 11 to 25 (region ii), amino acids 32 to 45 (region iii) and amino acids 88 to 102 (region iv) were synthesized and cloned in the salmonella fla ... | 1997 | 9765802 |
| interleukin-1beta partially alleviates cyclosporin a-induced suppression of igg1 isotype response to thyroglobulin in balb/c mice in vivo. | cyclosporin a (csa) at 120 mg/kg body weight when injected subcutaneously into balb/c mice along with thyroglobulin emulsified in incomplete freund's adjuvant (ifa) was found to suppress antigen-specific igg titre by 86%. isotyping revealed that both igg1 and igg2a titres were suppressed by 87% and 57%, respectively. but under identical conditions when complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) was used, the suppression of antigen-specific igg, igg1 and igg2a titres was 50%, 51% and 55%, respectively. inj ... | 1998 | 9767461 |
| intranasal immunization with yeast-expressed 19 kd carboxyl-terminal fragment of plasmodium yoelii merozoite surface protein-1 (ymsp119) induces protective immunity to blood stage malaria infection in mice. | variable protection against malaria blood-stage infection has been demonstrated in mice following parenteral immunization with the highly conserved 19 kd carboxylterminal fragment of the merozoite surface protein-1 (msp119) using cfa/ifa and other adjuvants. here we show that intranasal immunization of balb/c mice with yeast expressed plasmodium yoelii msp119 plus a mixture of native and recombinant cholera toxin b subunit, could induce serum msp119-specific antibodies at titres ranging from 20 ... | 1998 | 9767608 |
| gene therapy in allergic encephalomyelitis using myelin basic protein-specific t cells engineered to express latent transforming growth factor-beta1. | a myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific balb/c t helper 1 (th1) clone was transduced with cdna for murine latent transforming growth factor-beta1 (tgf-beta1) by coculture with fibroblasts producing a genetically engineered retrovirus. when sjl x balb/c f1 mice, immunized 12-15 days earlier with proteolipid protein in complete freund's adjuvant, were injected with 3 x 10(6) cells from mbp-activated untransduced cloned th1 cells, the severity of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) was slig ... | 0 | 9770517 |
| induction of a multiple sclerosis-like disease in mice with an immunodominant epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein. | myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (mog) is postulated to be a target autoantigen in multiple sclerosis (ms). here we investigated the encephalitogenicity of an immunodominant epitope of mog, peptide 35-55, in various strains of mice. an ms-like disease was induced in nod/lt mice (h-2g7) and c57bl/6 mice (h-2b) by a single injection of mog35-55 in cfa. the disease followed a relapsing-remitting course in nod/lt mice, whereas c57bl/6 mice developed a chronic paralytic disease. histologically, th ... | 1998 | 9771980 |
| prolonged noxious stimulation increases periaqueductal gray nmda mrna expression: a hybridization study using two different rat models for nociception. | the density and distribution of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar1) mrna expression in the rat midbrain periaqueductal gray (pag) following exposure to unilateral peripheral inflammation or chronic constrictive injury (cci) as models for chronic peripheral nociception were examined using in situ hybridization technique. the nmdar1 hybridization signal intensities increased significantly in the ventrolateral areas of the caudal and middle thirds of the pag after 3 days of complete freund's adj ... | 1998 | 9778652 |
| long-lasting protective immunity to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis following vaccination with naked dna encoding c-c chemokines. | dna vaccination represents a novel means of expressing ag in vivo for the generation of both humoral and cellular immune responses. the current study uses this technology to elicit protective immunity against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a t cell-mediated autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that serves as an experimental model for multiple sclerosis. rt-pcr verified by southern blotting and sequencing of pcr products of four different c-c chemokines, macrophage-i ... | 1998 | 9780152 |
| il-10 impacts autoimmune diabetes via a cd8+ t cell pathway circumventing the requirement for cd4+ t and b lymphocytes. | il-10 is essential for an early phase of diabetes in nonobese diabetic (nod) mice, but later becomes protective against its development. the mechanism by which il-10 mediates the pathway to diabetes in these mice is unknown. herein, we dissected the cellular and costimulation requirements for diabetes in transgenic (tg) nod mice that expressed il-10 in their pancreatic islets (il-10-nod mice). we found that il-10 alone did not cause diabetes because the offspring (il-10-nod-scid mice) from back- ... | 1998 | 9780221 |
| prolonged noxious stimulation increases periaqueductal gray nmda mrna expression: a hybridization study using two different rat models for nociception. | the density and distribution of n-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (nmdar1) mrna expression in the rat midbrain periaqueductal gray (pag) following exposure to unilateral peripheral inflammation or chronic constrictive injury (cci) as models for chronic peripheral nociception were examined using the in situ hybridization technique. the nmdar1 hybridization signal intensities increased significantly in the ventrolateral areas of the caudal and middle thirds of the pag after 3 days of complete freund's ... | 1998 | 9780569 |
| identification of a late stage of small noncycling ptalpha- pre-t cells as immediate precursors of t cell receptor alpha/beta+ thymocytes. | during thymocyte development, progression from t cell receptor (tcr)beta to tcralpha rearrangement is mediated by a cd3-associated pre-tcr composed of the tcrbeta chain paired with pre-tcralpha (ptalpha). a major issue is how surface expression of the pre-tcr is regulated during normal thymocyte development to control transition through this checkpoint. here, we show that developmental expression of ptalpha is time- and stage-specific, and is confined in vivo to a limited subset of large cycling ... | 1998 | 9782117 |
| selective expression and functions of interleukin 18 receptor on t helper (th) type 1 but not th2 cells. | interleukin (il)-18 induces interferon (ifn)-gamma synthesis and synergizes with il-12 in t helper type 1 (th1) but not th2 cell development. we report here that il-18 receptor (il-18r) is selectively expressed on murine th1 but not th2 cells. il-18r mrna was expressed constitutively and consistently in long-term cultured clones, as well as on newly polarized th1 but not th2 cells. il-18 sustained the expression of il-12rbeta2 mrna, indicating that il-18r transmits signals that maintain th1 deve ... | 1998 | 9782125 |
| pathways for potentiation of immunogenicity during adjuvant-assisted immunizations with plasmodium falciparum major merozoite surface protein 1. | vaccine adjuvants exert critical and unique influences on the quality of immune responses induced during active immunizations. we investigated the mechanisms of action of immunological adjuvants in terms of their requirements for cytokine-mediated pathways for adjuvanticity. antibody responses potentiated by several adjuvants to a plasmodium falciparum msp1-19 (c-terminal 19-kda processing fragment of msp1) vaccine were studied in gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) or interleukin (il-4) knockout mice. ... | 1998 | 9784540 |
| oral immunization with a salmonella typhimurium vaccine vector expressing recombinant enterotoxigenic escherichia coli k99 fimbriae elicits elevated antibody titers for protective immunity. | bovine enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) continues to cause mortality in piglets and newborn calves. in an effort to develop a safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of f5(+) etec infections, a balanced lethal asd+ plasmid carrying the complete k99 operon was constructed and designated pmak99-asd+. introduction of this plasmid into an attenuated salmonella typhimurium deltaaro deltaasd strain, h683, resulted in strain ap112, which stably expresses e. coli k99 fimbriae. a single oral ... | 1998 | 9784559 |
| thalidomide prolongs experimental autoimmune neuritis in lewis rats. | thalidomide is reported to have immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects, which have led to its use in the treatment of a number of immune-mediated disorders, including leprosy, discoid lupus and behcet's disease, and to prevent immunological rejection phenomena following skin and bone marrow grafts. experimental autoimmune neuritis (ean) is a cd4+ t-cell-mediated demyelinating autoimmune disease, which represents an animal model for the study of the immunopathogenesis and immunotherapy of ... | 1998 | 9790310 |
| [renal complications associated with human acquired immunodeficiency virus infection in a population of hospital patients at the hospital and university national center in cotonou]. | we studied 92 hiv-positive patients retrospectively between january 1994 and december 1996 and prospectively from january to july 1997. we determined serum creatinine and 24-hour proteinuria. the median age of the patients was 22 (+/- 4) years and most patients were aged between 25 and 45 years. the sex ratio was 2.17 and most patients were infected with hiv-1 (67.39%). renal failure occurred in 27.16% of cases, due to changes in blood pressure and infectious diseases. three patients had a nephr ... | 1998 | 9794039 |
| in vivo survival of viral antigen-specific t cells that induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | a peptide derived from the human papillomavirus l2 protein is recognized by a myelin basic protein (mbp)-specific t cell clone from a multiple sclerosis patient and by mbp-specific autoantibodies purified from multiple sclerosis brain tissue. we now show in mice that low doses of this papillomavirus peptide were optimal in selecting a subpopulation of papillomavirus peptide-specific t cells that cross-reacted with mbp(87-99) and with an unrelated viral peptide derived from the bslf1 protein of e ... | 1998 | 9802984 |
| application of proximal isovelocity surface area method to determine prosthetic mitral valve area. | in this study, we investigated the accuracy of orifice area determination of the prosthetic valve (biocor) by using proximal isovelocity surface area method (pisa). thirty-two patients (26 women, 6 men; mean age 44 +/- 8.1 years) were studied. eleven patients were in normal sinus rhythm and the rest were in atrial fibrillation. associated valvular lesions were mild aortic regurgitation in 12 patients and moderate tricuspid regurgitation in 19 patients. sizes of prosthetic valves were 27 to 31, a ... | 1998 | 9812099 |