Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| ires-controlled protein synthesis and genome replication of poliovirus. | initiation of translation of the single-stranded genomic rnas of picornaviruses such as poliovirus (pv) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) is cap-independent and controlled by a long segment within the 5' non-translated region (5'ntr), termed internal ribosomal entry site (ires). cellular rna-binding proteins have been identified that are involved in ires function in trans. one of these proteins (p57) has been found to be identical to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (pptb), a nuclear ... | 1994 | 8032259 |
| analysis of hepatitis a virus translation in a t7 polymerase-expressing cell line. | hepatitis a virus (hav) exhibits several characteristics which distinguish it from other picornaviruses, including slow growth in cell culture even after adaptation, and lack of host-cell protein synthesis shut-down. like other picornaviruses, hav contains a long 5' nontranslated region (ntr) incorporating an internal ribosomal entry site (ires), which directs cap-independent translation. we compared hav ires-initiated translation with translation initiated by the structurally similar encephalom ... | 1994 | 8032260 |
| the complete nucleotide sequence and construction of an infectious cdna clone of a highly virulent encephalomyocarditis virus. | the nucleotide sequence of a highly variant of the encephalomyocarditis virus, pv21, was determined. discounting the poly(a) tail the viral genome is 7.861 kb in length, including a poly(c) region of 157 or 158 nucleotides. the sequence differs in 38 positions from another virulent emcv variant, emcv-r (1). however, the pv21 sequence shows only 85% identity with two nonlethal variants isolated in this laboratory (2). a cdna clone covering the complete virus sequence including a poly(c) region of ... | 1994 | 8053159 |
| myocardial beta-receptor and cardiac angiotensin alterations during the acute and chronic phases of viral myocarditis. | recovery from viral myocarditis is usually excellent and complete although it occasionally results in sudden death during its acute stage. while neurohormonal mechanisms play an important role in the adaptation to heart diseases, little is known about the alteration of the neurohormonal system in viral myocarditis. therefore, we examined the myocardial beta-adrenergic receptor and cardiac angiotensin i and ii concentrations in a murine model of viral myocarditis induced by an encephalomyocarditi ... | 1994 | 8056011 |
| pyrimidine tract binding protein strongly stimulates in vitro encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation at the level of preinitiation complex formation. | cellular protein p57/58, now known to be identical to polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb), has earlier been shown to specifically bind to the internal ribosome entry sites (ires) of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and some other picornaviral rnas. to elucidate its relevance to the internal initiation, the effect of cloned purified ptb on emcv ires directed translation was studied in cytoplasmic extracts of krebs-2 ascites carcinoma cells partially depleted of endogenous ptb. addition of ... | 1994 | 8082784 |
| treatment of virus-induced myocardial injury with a novel immunomodulating agent, vesnarinone. suppression of natural killer cell activity and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production. | controversy still exists concerning the therapy for viral myocarditis which manifests a wide variety of clinical symptoms. vesnarinone, a quinolinone derivative that was developed as a positive inotropic agent with complex actions, including phosphodiesterase inhibition and cation channel modification, has recently been confirmed to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic heart failure. however, the precise mechanism of this beneficial effect is not yet clearly understood. in this study, ... | 1994 | 8083362 |
| internal translation initiation on poliovirus rna: further characterization of la function in poliovirus translation in vitro. | initiation of poliovirus rna translation by internal entry of ribosomes is believed to require the participation of trans-acting factors. the mechanism of action of these factors is poorly defined. the limiting amount of one of these factors, la protein, in rabbit reticulocyte lysates (rrl) has been postulated to partially explain the inefficient translation of poliovirus rna in this system. to further characterize la activity in translation and to identify other potential limiting factors, we a ... | 1994 | 8107217 |
| persistence of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus in the icr-swiss mouse. | the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) is used in the murine model to study virus-induced, acute-onset diabetes mellitus (iddm) and myocarditis. in this model, viral replication and disease occur within seven days post infection (p.i.), and by day 10 p.i., no infectious virus is detectable. the present study examined the possibility that emcv-d persists in icr-swiss mice after the acute infection is resolved. the data show that viral antigen is detected at 28 days p.i. within the p ... | 1994 | 8108461 |
| low-dose combination therapy with metoprolol and captopril for congestive heart failure in mice. | we assessed the therapeutic efficacy of a low-dose combination of metoprolol and captopril given orally to c3h/hej mice that developed dilated and hypertrophied hearts after being inoculated with the encephalomyocarditis virus. mice were randomly assigned to one of six 8-week oral regimens: 1 mg/kg/day of metoprolol (group 1); 10 mg/kg/day of metoprolol (group 2); 1.2 mg/kg/day of captopril (group 3); 12 mg/kg/day of captopril (group 4); 1 mg/kg/day of metoprolol plus 1.2 mg/kg/day of captopril ... | 1993 | 8110623 |
| sublocalization of the human interferon-gamma receptor accessory factor gene and characterization of accessory factor activity by yeast artificial chromosomal fragmentation. | a chromosomal fragmentation procedure was employed to produce a deletion set of yeast artificial chromosomes (yacs) from a parental yac, gart d142h8, known to map to human chromosome 21q and to encode the human interferon-gamma receptor (hu-ifn-gamma r) accessory factor gene as well as the phosphoribosylglycinamide formyltransferase (gart) gene. when expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells, these deleted yacs retain accessory factor activity, as judged by major histocompatibility complex class ... | 1994 | 8120065 |
| identification and sequence of an accessory factor required for activation of the human interferon gamma receptor. | human chromosomes 6 and 21 are both necessary to confer sensitivity to human interferon gamma (hu-ifn-gamma), as measured by induction of class i human leukocyte antigen (hla) and protection against encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) infection. whereas human chromosome 6 encodes the hu-ifn-gamma receptor, human chromosome 21 encodes accessory factors for generating biological activity through the hu-ifn-gamma receptor. probes from a genomic clone were used to identity cdna clones expressing a spe ... | 1994 | 8124716 |
| encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site rna-protein interactions. | translational initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) mrna occurs by ribosomal entry into the 5' nontranslated region of the emcv mrna, rather than by ribosomal scanning. internal ribosomal binding requires a cis-acting element termed the internal ribosomal entry site (ires). ires elements have been proposed to be involved in the translation of picornavirus mrnas and some cellular mrnas. internal ribosome binding likely requires the interaction of trans-acting factors that recognize both ... | 1994 | 8151781 |
| translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna: parameters influencing the selection of the internal initiation site. | the initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna translation is by internal ribosome entry almost exclusively at the 11th aug codon from the 5'-end, which is the central of the three aug codons in the sequence..[sequence: see text].., and is located some 25 nt downstream from an oligopyrimidine tract conserved amongst related viruses. as the sequences between the oligopyrimidine tract and aug-10/11 are poorly conserved and thus possibly serve only as a spacer, the influence of this spacer length ... | 1994 | 8157006 |
| inactivation of lipid-enveloped and non-lipid-enveloped model viruses in normal human plasma by crosslinked starch-iodine. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate an iodine-based method of activating potentially harmful viruses that might be found in normal human plasma. | 1994 | 8178330 |
| reproductive failure in sows following experimental infection with a belgian emcv isolate. | in this study, a transplacental infection with fetal death was demonstrated following inoculation of pregnant sows with a belgian encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) isolate. eight multiparus sows were inoculated between 60 and 92 days of gestation with this emcv-isolate to investigate its ability to cause reproductive failure in sows. virus persistence and antibody titre in their offspring were also studied. only the two sows inoculated at 60 days of gestation showed premature farrowing, but all ... | 1994 | 8203116 |
| self-amplifying expression from the t7 promoter in 3t3 mouse fibroblasts. | to increase the levels of exogenous or foreign gene expression in mammalian cells, this study sought to develop an 'autogene' that will self-amplify. an autogene plasmid, pt7-g1, containing the t7 phage rna polymerase-encoding modified gene (g1) under control of its cognate t7 promoter, was only obtained when the plasmid contained the encephalomyocarditis (emc) untranslated sequence. in vitro transcription and translation studies confirmed that both the t7 promoter and the g1 gene were completel ... | 1994 | 8206381 |
| the 5'-untranslated regions of picornavirus rnas contain independent functional domains essential for rna replication and translation. | the role of the 5'-untranslated region (5'utr) in the replication of enteroviruses has been studied by using a series of poliovirus type 3 (pv3) replicons containing the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene in which the 5'utr was replaced by the 5'utr of either coxsackievirus b4 or human rhinovirus 14 or composite 5'utrs derived from sequences of pv3, human rhinovirus 14, coxsackievirus b4, or encephalomyocarditis virus. the results indicate that efficient replication of an enteroviru ... | 1994 | 8207812 |
| polymyositis and dermatomyositis: no persistence of enterovirus or encephalomyocarditis virus rna in muscle. | a persistent infection of enteroviruses and cardioviruses has been implicated in polymyositis and dermatomyositis, but conventional hybridisation studies of the presence of enterovirus rna and encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna in affected muscle have yielded conflicting results. to investigate further the possibility of viral persistence, the presence of viral rna in muscle from patients with adult onset polymyositis and dermatomyositis was investigated using a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) ... | 1993 | 8215618 |
| biphasic disease of central nervous system induced in dba/2 mice by the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d). | dba/2 mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) (10(1) pfu/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis. at 12 days post inoculation (12 dpi), 60% of the infected mice developed hind limb paralysis and two-thirds of them showed recovery by 33 dpi. thereafter, about 30% of the mice which once showed paralysis developed hind limb paralysis again by 56 dpi. histopathologically, the spinal cord lesion of paralysed mice was characterized by demyelination associated with i ... | 1993 | 8217784 |
| experimental encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs. | a field isolate of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was inoculated intravenously into 8 pigs. four animals died at post inoculation day (pid) 2, the remaining being sacrificed at pid 5, 7, 11 and 15. two control, in-contact pigs were sacrificed at pid 19. virus was isolated from leucocytes and nasal swabs until pid 4, from rectal swabs until pid 2 and, in the pigs found dead at pid 2, from several organs. emc virus was further isolated from brain and spleen of the pig sacrificed at pid 7. one of ... | 1993 | 8237207 |
| the influence of viral coding sequences on the efficiency of internal initiation of translation of cardiovirus rnas. | since internal initiation of translation of cardiovirus rnas requires the approximately 450-nt segment of the viral genome immediately upstream of the authentic initiation codon for viral polyprotein synthesis, the question arises as to whether the immediately adjacent sequences, the start of the polyprotein coding region, also influence the efficiency of internal initiation. therefore, a variety of constructs derived from encephalomyocarditis virus and theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus r ... | 1993 | 8249303 |
| internal ribosome entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus rna is unable to direct translation in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | to evaluate the potential of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry site (ires) to promote efficient expression of foreign genes in the yeast, s. cerevisiae, we have constructed e. coli-yeast shuttle vectors in which the emcv 5' non-coding region was fused to the reporter gene, human prothymosin alpha. efficiency of translation of corresponding rna transcripts in mammalian cell-free systems was highly dependent on the sequence context and/or position of the initiation codo ... | 1993 | 8253211 |
| binding of encephalomyocarditis virus rna polymerase to the 3'-noncoding region of the viral rna is specific and requires the 3'-poly(a) tail. | an in vitro rna bandshift assay has been developed to demonstrate the binding of purified recombinant encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus rna-dependent rna polymerase (3dpol) to the 3'-noncoding region (ncr) and 30 nucleotides of the adjacent 3'-terminal poly(a) tail (3'-ncr(a)) of emc virus rna. the binding of 3dpol to the 3'-ncr(a) fragment was specific since four other unrelated proteins including an rna polymerase did not bind, and unlabeled 3'-ncr(a), but not alpha-globin mrna, trna, or pure p ... | 1993 | 8253725 |
| detection of a shared idiotope on two encephalomyocarditis virus neutralizing monoclonal antibodies by neutralization inhibition enzyme immunoassay. | idiotypic cross-reactivity between encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) neutralizing monoclonal antibodies um 21.1 (igg2b) and um 21.3 (igg2a) was detected by neutralization inhibition enzyme immunoassay using polyclonal and monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies. one strongly cross-reactive anti-idiotypic monoclonal antibody, designated 21.1a5 (igg2b), might recognize a recurrent idiotope on emcv neutralizing antibodies but it did not induce emcv neutralizing anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies in homolo ... | 1993 | 8263123 |
| hplc is an effective and fast method for analysis of viral proteins: a study of encephalomyocarditis virus mutants differing in pathogenicity. | we investigated the use of hplc in analysis of picornavirus variants by comparing structural polypeptides of three stable mutants of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). the variants are known to differ in their pathogenicity for mice: plaque variant 2 (pv2) is diabetogenic, pv7 is non-diabetogenic and pv21 induces a generalized lethal infection. we first used hplc to separate the structural proteins at high purity levels. detailed analysis of these structural proteins by hplc-peptide mapping reve ... | 1993 | 8277283 |
| quercetin potentiates tnf-induced antiviral activity. | tumor necrosis factor (tnf) produces a dose-dependent inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), and herpes simplex virus type 1 (hsv-1) replication in wish cells. the antiviral activity of tnf against vsv and emcv is greatly enhanced by combination with quercetin. induction of 2',5'-oligo-adenylate (2-5a) synthetase by tnf is also enhanced by quercetin. addition of polyclonal antibodies to human interferon (ifn)-beta completely blocked both enhancement of ... | 1993 | 8279819 |
| in vitro characterization of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) present within the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna: comparison with the ires of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the lengthy 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of hepatitis a virus (hav) forms a highly ordered secondary structure, which has been suggested to play an important role in controlling viral translation by allowing for translation initiation by internal ribosome entry. to test this hypothesis, synthetic bicistronic rnas, with all or part of the hav 5'ntr in the intercistronic space, were translated in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. in the presence of an upstream cistron designed to block ribosomal sca ... | 1994 | 8289336 |
| trans complementation by rna of defective foot-and-mouth disease virus internal ribosome entry site elements. | a region of about 435 bases from the 5' noncoding region of foot-and-mouth disease virus rna directs internal initiation of protein synthesis. this region, termed the internal ribosome entry site (ires), is predicted to contain extensive secondary structure. precise deletion of five predicted secondary structure features has been performed. the mutant ires elements have been constructed into vectors which express bicistronic mrnas and assayed within cells. each of the modified ires elements was ... | 1994 | 8289373 |
| expression of hepatitis a virus precursor protein p3 in vivo and in vitro: polyprotein processing of the 3cd cleavage site. | hepatitis a virus (hav) cdnas encoding the p3 region proteins were expressed in vivo and in vitro to characterize the hav 3d protein and to identify the cleavage site between 3c and 3d. protein coding sequences were placed under control of a t7 promoter and an emcv translational initiation signal. t7 rna polymerase was provided by simultaneous infection of transfected bs-c-1 cells with a recombinant vaccinia virus vtf7-3 (t. r. fuerst et al., proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 83, 8122-8126, 1986). effi ... | 1994 | 8291234 |
| interference by a non-interferon-inducing subvariant of benign encephalomyocarditis virus-b with the ability of emcv-d to produce insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in icr swiss male mice. | the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv-d) produces a disease syndrome that mimics insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) in certain mouse strains. benign emcv-b interferes with the ability of emcv-d to produce iddm. because emcv-b induces the production of relatively large amounts of interferon (ifn), it has been hypothesized that the interference by emcv-b with the pathogenesis of emcv-d is due to ifn. however, we have previously reported that in outbred icr swiss and inbred balb ... | 1993 | 8301157 |
| enhancement of myocardial damage and alteration of lymphocyte subsets in murine model of postpartum myocarditis. | acute viral myocarditis is considered to be one of the pathogenetic mechanisms for postpartum cardiomyopathy. in this study we examined the severity of viral myocarditis in postpartum mice infected 24 h after delivery. although there were no differences in survival rate between postpartum mice and nonpregnant infected mice (control), the severities of myocardial damage in the postpartum mice was significantly greater than that in control mice (area of cell infiltration; 12.9 +/- 3.8 vs. 7.3 +/- ... | 1993 | 8305197 |
| equal transcription of wild-type and mutant p53 using bicistronic vectors results in the wild-type phenotype. | somatic and germ-line mutations of p53 alleles inactivate the function of the protein. it has been suggested that mutant p53 can inactivate the wild-type protein and therefore have a trans-dominant negative effect. to investigate the interaction between wild-type and mutant proteins when both alleles are equally transcribed, we designed bicistronic vectors containing the internal ribosome entry site of the encephalomyocarditis virus and expressing wild-type and mutant p53. analysis of the transc ... | 1994 | 8313374 |
| therapeutic effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha antibody on the murine model of viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus. | tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) has been reported to have an antiviral effect in vitro; however, its in vivo effect remains to be clarified. | 1994 | 8313574 |
| molecular cloning and sequencing of coat protein-encoding cdna of rice tungro spherical virus--a plant picornavirus. | rice tungro spherical virus (rtsv) was shown to have three coat protein (cp) species by high resolution nadodso4-page and western blot analyses. the sequence of a coat protein-expressing cdna clone that was identified and selected from a rtsv cdna library showed that the insert was composed of 2823 bp with only one large open reading frame (orf) coding for 941 amino acids. the positions of the three coat proteins were located in the putative polyprotein by n-terminal microsequencing and were sho ... | 1993 | 8367940 |
| identification of a yeast artificial chromosome clone encoding an accessory factor for the human interferon gamma receptor: evidence for multiple accessory factors. | human chromosomes 6 and 21 are both necessary to confer sensitivity to human interferon gamma (hu-ifn-gamma), as measured by the induction of human hla class i antigen. human chromosome 6 encodes the receptor for hu-ifn-gamma, and human chromosome 21 encodes accessory factors for generating biological activity through the hu-ifn-gamma receptor. a small region of human chromosome 21 that is responsible for encoding such factors was localized with hamster-human somatic cell hybrids carrying an irr ... | 1993 | 8378357 |
| determination of diabetogenicity attributable to a single amino acid, ala776, on the polyprotein of encephalomyocarditis virus. | the best experimental evidence indicating that viruses have an etiological role in the pathogenesis of diabetes comes from studies of mice infected with emc virus. for this study we generated mutant viruses from stocks of diabetogenic emc-d and nondiabetogenic emc-b viruses by serial passages of the viruses in l-cell cultures at high moi. the genomic sequence information and the biological activities of three different plaque-purified diabetogenic variants of emc virus (emc-d, emc-d1/6a, emc-d2/ ... | 1993 | 8381754 |
| the encephalomyocarditis virus 3c protease is rapidly degraded by an atp-dependent proteolytic system in reticulocyte lysate. | the encephalomyocarditis virus 3c protease has been observed to undergo rapid degradation, both in vivo in mouse cells and in vitro in reticulocyte lysate. experiments were carried out to characterize the turnover of the 3c protease in reticulocyte lysate. 3c protease prepared in reticulocyte lysate by in vitro translation and processing of a precursor polyprotein could be separated from the proteolytic activity responsible for its degradation. this implies the 3c protease is not directly involv ... | 1993 | 8382397 |
| a serological survey of encephalomyocarditis virus infection in pigs in japan. | a total of 1502 pig sera collected between 1990 and 1991 at 65 farms in 22 prefectures were subjected to neutralization test to encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. of them, three hundred eighty seven pigs (25.8%) from the 55 farms (84.6%) had antibody against emc virus. the positive rates were rather high in ehime (53.1%), tottori (49.1%), shimane (44.4%) and nagasaki (38.7%). the positive rate and geometric mean titer of antibody tended to increase with the age. these serological results suggest ... | 1993 | 8384893 |
| experimentally produced nonantibody inhibitors of encephalomyocarditis virus in vitro activity. | 1993 | 8385503 | |
| conserved tertiary structural elements in the 5' nontranslated region of cardiovirus, aphthovirus and hepatitis a virus rnas. | statistical analyses of rna folding in 5' nontranslated regions (5'ntr) of encephalomyocarditis virus, theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus, and hepatitis a virus indicate that two highly significant folding regions occur in the 5' and 3' portions of the 5'ntr. the conserved tertiary structural elements are predicted in the unusual folding regions (ufr) for these viral rnas. the theoretical, common structural elements predicted in the 3' parts of the 5'ntr occur ... | 1993 | 8389442 |
| development of a radiolabeled nucleic acid probe for the detection of encephalomyocarditis virus of swine. | 1993 | 8389600 | |
| a genetically determined host factor controlling susceptibility to encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes in mice. | levels of insulin mrna in pancreata from sjl/j male mice susceptible to encephalomyocarditis (emc)-d virus-induced diabetes started to decrease rapidly 24 h after injection with emc-d virus and only a trace remained 72 h after injection. in contrast, insulin mrna in pancreata from c57bl/6j male mice resistant to emc-d virus-induced diabetes did not show any significant changes 0 to 96 h after injection. emc-d viral rna in pancreata from sjl/j mice started to increase rapidly 24 h after injection ... | 1993 | 8389806 |
| the disturbance of water-maze task performance in mice with emc-d virus infection. | the present study was performed to examine the influence of emc-d virus on water-maze task performance in dba/2 mice inoculated with 10(3) pfu/ml and balb/c mice inoculated with 10(5) pfu/ml of emc-d virus. in both strains, the latency to accomplish the task was shortened during successive 8 days of testing. however, the shortening of latency in the inoculated group was significantly smaller than that in the control group. pathological studies showed that in both studies st. pyramidale hippocamp ... | 1993 | 8390303 |
| enhanced expression of superoxide dismutase messenger rna in viral myocarditis. an sh-dependent reduction of its expression and myocardial injury. | the oxygen free radical system has been reported to be activated by influenza virus infection in the lungs. however, the involvement of oxygen radicals in viral myocarditis is still unknown. captopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) inhibitor and potent free radical scavenger with a sulfhydryl group, was effective for the treatment of viral myocarditis, while enalapril, an ace inhibitor without a sulfhydryl group, was not effective against acute myocarditis. in this study, we investigate ... | 1993 | 8390488 |
| outbred mice infected by an encephalomyocarditis virus variant: a model for studying chronic viral heart disease. | male 8 to 20-week-old nmri mice (an outbred strain) infected with the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) plaque variant (pv) 7 consistently develop a distinct myocarditis with a relatively low mortality (21%). myocarditis occurs in essence independent of the virus dose applied, and other internal organs are not affected. nevertheless, 3.5-week-old nmri mice perished within 5 days of virus inoculation and exhibited disseminated myofibrillar degeneration (mfd); this obviously virus-induced myocardi ... | 1993 | 8391736 |
| entry of poliovirus into cells does not require a low-ph step. | the requirement of a low-ph step during poliovirus entry was investigated by using the macrolide antibiotic bafilomycin a1, which is a powerful and selective inhibitor of the vacuolar proton-atpases. thus, viruses such as semliki forest virus and vesicular stomatitis virus that enter cells through endosomes and need their acidification, are potently inhibited by bafilomycin a1, whereas poliovirus infection is not affected by the antibiotic. the presence of lysosomotropic agents such as chloroqui ... | 1993 | 8392597 |
| inhibition of proteolytic activity of poliovirus and rhinovirus 2a proteinases by elastase-specific inhibitors. | a polyprotein cleavage assay has been developed to assay the proteolytic activities in vitro of the 2a proteinases encoded by poliovirus and human rhinovirus 14, which are representative members of the enterovirus and rhinovirus genera of picornaviruses, respectively. the elastase-specific substrate-based inhibitors elastatinal and methoxysuccinyl-ala-ala-pro-val-chloromethylketone (mpcmk) inhibited both 2a proteinases in vitro. the electrophoretic mobilities of both 2a proteinases were reduced ... | 1993 | 8392608 |
| interaction of polypyrimidine tract binding protein with the encephalomyocarditis virus mrna internal ribosomal entry site. | translation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) mrna occurs in a cap-independent manner, requiring instead a cis-acting element termed the internal ribosomal entry site (ires). binding of a 57-kda ribosome-associated protein (p57) to the emcv ires has been found to correlate with cap-independent translation. p57 has recently been reported to be very similar, if not identical, to the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (pptb), a spliceosome-associated factor possibly involved in u2 snrnp/pre-mr ... | 1993 | 8394133 |
| pathogenesis of the b variant of encephalomyocarditis virus. | variants of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) are immunologically indistinguishable by hyperimmune serum, but, with the exception of emcv-b, each produces a different disease syndrome and infects the central nervous system in mice infected via the intraperitoneal route of inoculation. the b variant is benign in that it does not produce any overt signs of infection at doses as high as 10(6) pfu per animal. the present study was carried out to determine if emcv-b was pathogenic when administered v ... | 1993 | 8394871 |
| a cytoplasmic 57-kda protein that is required for translation of picornavirus rna by internal ribosomal entry is identical to the nuclear pyrimidine tract-binding protein. | initiation of translation of the rna genomes of picornaviruses such as poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus is cap-independent and results from interaction of ribosomes with a segment of the 5' noncoding region of these mrnas termed the internal ribosomal entry site. genetic and biochemical studies have previously shown that a 57-kda cytoplasmic rna-binding protein (p57) plays an essential role in this translation mechanism. we have now found that p57 shares physical, biochemical, and antig ... | 1993 | 8395052 |
| viral myocarditis leading to cardiomyopathy: do cytokines contribute to pathogenesis? | cardiotropic virus infection of mice typically produces florid myocardial inflammation and, in certain strains, elicits a chronic postinfectious autoimmune myocarditis. in humans, myocarditis may progress into cardiomyopathy manifested by interstitial fibrosis and myocyte hypertrophy in the absence of myocardial inflammation. because of their pleiotropic effects, cytokines may provide a common link between connective tissue changes, myocardial injury, and cardiac autoimmunity. to explore such po ... | 1993 | 8395360 |
| mechanism and significance of myocardial uptake of antimyosin antibody in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: clinical and experimental studies. | 1993 | 8395362 | |
| detection by a solid phase independent enzyme immunoassay of monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies against monoclonal antibodies neutralizing semliki forest virus and encephalomyocarditis virus. | neutralization inhibition enzyme immunoassay (ni-eia) was evaluated for its usefulness to detect monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (ab2mabs) against idiotypic monoclonal antibodies (ab1mabs) neutralizing either semliki forest virus (sfv) or encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv). purified ab1mabs were coupled to keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh) mixed with the adjuvant quil a and then injected intracutaneously into homologous balb/c mice. successful fusions were performed 5, 6 and 7 days after intra ... | 1993 | 8396153 |
| transmissibility of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) in mice. | transmissibility of the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) was examined. eight-week-old icr:cd-1 male mice inoculated with 10(5) plaque forming units (pfu)/animal of emc-d intranasally, orally or intraperitoneally showed marked viraemia and prominent pancreatic lesions at 2 days after inoculation (2 dai), and excreted virus in faeces from 2 to 8 dai (virus titre: 10(3)-10(5) pfu/g). only a small proportion of control mice housed with emc-d-inoculated mice for 10 days developed virae ... | 1993 | 8396185 |
| studies on dicistronic polioviruses implicate viral proteinase 2apro in rna replication. | a dicistronic poliovirus w1-p1/e/p2,3-1 with the genotype [pv]5'ntr-p1-[emcv]ires-[pv]p2,3-3'ntr (molla, jang, paul, reuer, and wimmer, 1992, nature 356, 255) was used to investigate whether the viral proteinase 2apro, whose primary function in proteolytic processing was erased through the insertion of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) element into the orf of the polyprotein, had other function(s) in viral replication. deletion of 2apro from w1-p1/e/p2,3-1 rendered the corresponding transc ... | 1993 | 8396807 |
| influence of dose and route on transmission of encephalomyocarditis virus to swine. | the susceptibility of swine to infection with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) was assessed. transmission of emcv in a single exposure by gavage or intranasal routes was highly dose dependent. in a direct comparison, animals were exposed to emcv by gavage, intranasal, intramuscular, intratracheal, or transdermal routes. a higher proportion of animals exposed by transdermal (5/5), intratracheal (5/5), or intramuscular (5/5) routes than those exposed by intranasal (2/5) or gavage (3/5) routes bec ... | 1993 | 8396980 |
| the involvement of a spliceosome component in internal initiation of human rhinovirus rna translation. | human rhinoviruses (hrvs) and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) belong to different genera of the picornavirus family, but the translation of the rnas of both viruses is by the same mechanism, that is, internal ribosome entry. in rabbit reticulocyte lysates this translation initiation is efficient for mrnas bearing the emcv 5' untranslated region (5' utr), but very inefficient for mrnas bearing the hrv 5' utr, unless factors from hela cells are added. the copurification of the hela cell translat ... | 1993 | 8397279 |
| inhibition of interferon-gamma by an interferon-gamma receptor immunoadhesin. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) is an important cytokine which regulates inflammatory and immune response mechanisms. ifn-gamma enhances the presentation and recognition of antigens by inducing the expression of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) proteins, by activating effector t cells and mononuclear phagocytes, and by modulating immunoglobulin production and class selection in b cells. inappropriate production of ifn-gamma has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several autoimmune and inf ... | 1993 | 8406584 |
| translation of reovirus rna species m1 can initiate at either of the first two in-frame initiation codons. | the m1 species of reovirus rna, which encodes the minor protein component mu 2, possesses two initiation codons, one "strong" according to kozak rules and preceded by 13 residues (ic1), the other "weak" and located 49 codons downstream of the first (ic2). in reovirus-infected cells only ic2 is used, but initiation from ic1 can be activated, and efficiency of initiation from either initiation codon modulated over a wide range, by coupling unrelated sequences to either or both ends of m1 rna. for ... | 1993 | 8415636 |
| assembly of functional sindbis virus rna replication complexes: requirement for coexpression of p123 and p34. | a vaccinia virus transient expression system was used to determine which of the sindbis virus (sin) proteins and/or polyproteins are necessary for the formation of active replication complexes and, in particular, to analyze the role of nsp4, the putative polymerase, versus p34 in rna replication. we generated vaccinia virus recombinants in which the cdna for the entire sin nonstructural coding region as well as cdna copies of the individual nonstructural proteins (nsps) and several intermediate ... | 1993 | 8445716 |
| mouse soluble ifn gamma receptor as ifn gamma inhibitor. distribution, antigenicity, and activity after injection in mice. | with the purpose to use a soluble receptor as an ifn gamma antagonist in vivo, we assessed the immunogenicity, the half-life, the bioavailability, and the activity of the soluble receptor after injection into mice. no significant immunogenicity was detected after multiple chronic injections of mouse (mo)ifn gamma-r or injections of moifn gamma-r in emulsion with cfa. pharmacokinetic experiments using radiolabeled moifn gamma-r revealed that the half-life of the soluble moifn gamma-r is 3 h in th ... | 1993 | 8454850 |
| a retrospective serological survey of the encephalomyocarditis virus among pigs in chiba prefecture, japan. | one thousand two hundred and forty pigs' sera collected from 1975 to 1992 on 240 farms in chiba prefecture were subjected to a neutralization test for the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus. seven (23.3%) of 30 pigs in 1975 had neutralizing antibodies against the emc virus. the antibody positive rates each year ranged from 16.7% (1976) to 56.3% (1981). the differences of antibody positive rates between districts were not great after 1985. these serological results suggested that the emc virus infe ... | 1995 | 8519923 |
| defective point mutants of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site can be complemented in trans. | point mutations were introduced at random into cdna corresponding to nucleotides 260-833 of the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) 5' noncoding region. this region contains the internal ribosome entry site (ires). the mutations were identified by sequence analysis and the effect on the activity of the ires was determined using in vitro translation reactions in rabbit reticulocyte lysate. significantly defective mutants each contained multiple point mutations. these mutants were constructed into a ... | 1995 | 8525641 |
| a bicistronic retrovirus vector containing a picornavirus internal ribosome entry site allows for correction of x-linked cgd by selection for mdr1 expression. | chronic granulomatous disease (cgd) is an inherited hematologic disorder involving failure of phagocytic cell oxidase to produce superoxide (o2-.), resulting in recurrent infections. the success of retrovirus gene therapy for hematopoietic diseases will be limited both by the efficiency of ex vivo transduction of target cells and by the ability of corrected cells to replace uncorrected cells in vivo. using mfg-based retrovirus vectors containing oxidase genes, we have previously demonstrated in ... | 1996 | 8547675 |
| direct evidence that polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb) is essential for internal initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus rna. | the requirement of ptb, polypyrimidine tract binding protein, for internal initiation of translation has been tested using an rna affinity column to deplete rabbit reticulocyte lysates of ptb. the affinity column was prepared by coupling cnbr-activated sepharose with the segment of the 5'-untranslated region of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna previously shown to bind ptb. lysates passed through this column were devoid of ptb, and were incapable of internal initiation of translation depende ... | 1995 | 8548657 |
| mutations within the 5' nontranslated rna of cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus which enhance cap-independent translation in cultured african green monkey kidney cells. | mutations in the 5' nontranslated rna (5'ntr) of an attenuated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hav), hm175/p16, enhance growth in cultured african green monkey kidney (bs-c-1) cells but not in fetal rhesus monkey kidney (frhk-4) cells (s. p. day, p. murphy, e. a. brown, and s. m. lemon, j. virol. 66: 6533-6540, 1992). to determine whether these mutations enhance cap-independent translation directed by the hav internal ribosomal entry site (ires), we compared the translational activities ... | 1996 | 8551562 |
| [internal initiation of translation in eukaryotes. chemical probing of the encephalomyocarditis virus rna ires-element in the 48s preinitiation complex]. | using in vitro t7 polymerase system, the transcript containing the ires-element (nts 315-833), and the initial part of the coding sequence of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) rna (nts 834-1155) was prepared. its complex with the 40s ribosomal subunit (48s preinitiation complex) was then isolated by sucrose gradient sedimentation from ascites carcinoma krebs2 cell extracts after preincubation with the transcript. the complex was treated with dimethylsulphate (dms), a common reagent for chemical ... | 1995 | 8552069 |
| cis-acting elements of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site. | translation initiation of encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) mrna occurs by ribosomal entry into the 5' untranslated region. internal ribosome binding to emcv mrna requires a viral cis-acting element, termed the internal ribosomal entry site (ires), and cellular trans-acting factors. the polypyrimidine tract binding protein (ptb) has been identified as one such trans-acting factor required for emcv ires-dependent translation. using a dicistronic mrna and an in vitro translation system, we have id ... | 1995 | 8553572 |
| deficient signaling in mice devoid of double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase. | double-stranded rna-dependent protein kinase (pkr) has been implicated in interferon (ifn) induction, antiviral response and tumor suppression. we have generated mice devoid of functional pkr (pkr%). although the mice are physically normal and the induction of type i ifn genes by poly(i).poly(c) (pic) and virus is unimpaired, the antiviral response induced by ifn-gamma and pic was diminished. however, in embryo fibroblasts from pkr knockout mice, the induction of type i ifn as well as the activa ... | 1995 | 8557029 |
| isolation of encephalomyocarditis virus from dormice (myoxus glis) in italy. | two isolates of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus (zrc 276ra/90 and zrc 292ra/90) were isolated from two dormice (myoxus glis) in tuscany, italy. the two isolates were lethal for laboratory mice and caused a rapid cytopathic effect characterized by rounded and wrinkled cells in both baby hamster kidney cells (bhk21) and african green monkey kidney cells (vero). we found neutralizing antibodies against emc virus in 408 (77%) of 529 domestic pigs (sus scrofa scrofa) and in 165 (49%) of 338 wild boa ... | 1995 | 8583644 |
| role of trehalose dimycolate-induced interferon-alpha/beta in the restriction of encephalomyocarditis virus growth in vivo and in peritoneal macrophage cultures. | preventive intraperitoneal trehalose dimycolate (tdm) treatment of mice, inoculated with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus by the same route, caused restriction of virus growth in the peritoneum, which was correlated to ifn production in peritoneal fluids prior to infection. peritoneal macrophages from tdm-treated mice (tdm-pm) spontaneously secreted ifn-alpha/beta in large amounts. by their supernatants, tdm-pm could transfer an antiviral state against emc virus to permissive resident peritoneal ... | 1995 | 8585770 |
| stable expression of the reovirus mu2 protein in mouse l cells complements the growth of a reovirus ts mutant with a defect in its m1 gene. | reovirus mu2 protein was constitutively expressed in mammalian cells transfected with dicistronic constructs in which the reovirus m1 gene and the selectable neomycin-resistant gene (neo) were both driven by the same phosphoglycerate kinase promoter. translation of neo was initiated with the cap-independent translation initiation element from encephalomyocarditis virus. expression of mu2 protein was detected by mu2-specific antibody produced through immunization of rabbits with trp-e-mu2 fusion ... | 1996 | 8599234 |
| an outbreak of encephalomyocarditis-virus infection in free-ranging african elephants in the kruger national park. | a cluster of four deaths in late december 1993, marked the onset of an outbreak of disease of african elephants (loxodonta africana) in the kruger national park (knp) in south africa, which has an estimated population of 7,500 elephants. mortalities peaked in january 1994, with 32 deaths, and then declined steadily to reach pre-outbreak levels by september, but sporadic losses continued until november. during the outbreak altogether 64 elephants died, of which 53 (83%) were adult bulls. archival ... | 1995 | 8600443 |
| phosphorylation state of the cap-binding protein eif4e during viral infection. | the eukaryotic translation initiation factor eif4e, the cap-binding protein, seems to play an essential role in the establishment of the host shut-off after viral infection. infection with adenovirus and influenza virus caused dephosphorylation of eif4e and an involvement of a viral protein was suggested. in this report, we studied several other viruses for their ability to change the phosphorylation state of eif4e, and we looked for the mechanism of eif4e dephosphorylation. first, it was shown ... | 1996 | 8610440 |
| selection of transduced cd34+ progenitors and enzymatic correction of cells from gaucher patients, with bicistronic vectors. | the gene transfer efficiency of human hematopoietic stem cells is still inadequate for efficient gene therapy of most disorders. to overcome this problem, a selectable retroviral vector system for gene therapy has been developed for gene therapy of gaucher disease. we constructed a bicistronic retroviral vector containing the human glucocerebrosidase (gc) cdna and the human small cell surface antigen cd24 (243 bp). expression of both cdnas was controlled by the long terminal repeat enhancer/prom ... | 1995 | 8618847 |
| modification of viral myocarditis in mice by interleukin-6. | inflammatory cytokines play a key role in the myocardial injury produced by viral myocarditis. although interleukin-6 (il-6) reportedly possesses antiviral properties, its effect in viral myocarditis is unclear. to investigate the role of il-6 in viral myocarditis induced by encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) in mice, we evaluated (1) the survival rate following il-6 administration, (2) the viral titer in the heart, (3) viral replication in the heart by in situ hybridization, (4) histopathologica ... | 1996 | 8620605 |
| depletion of mac1-positive macrophages protects dba/2 mice from encephalomyocarditis virus-induced myocarditis and diabetes. | dba/2 mice treated with anti-mac1 monoclonal antibody (mab) failed to develop encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv)-induced diabetes and myocarditis. virus concentrations and the number of viral rna-positive cells in the pancreas and heart were significantly reduced in mice treated with anti-mac1 mab. mac1-positive macrophages seem to be involved in emcv-induced disease and to affect the replication of emcv in target organs. | 1996 | 8627262 |
| replication of hepatitis a viruses with chimeric 5' nontranslated regions. | the role of the 5' nontranslated region in the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) was studied by analyzing the translation and replication of chimeric rnas containing the encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) internal ribosome entry segment (ires) and various lengths (237, 151, or 98 nucleotides [nt]) of the 5'-terminal hav sequence. translation of all chimeric rnas, truncated to encode only capsid protein sequences, occurred with equal efficiency in rabbit reticulocyte lysates and was much enha ... | 1996 | 8627760 |
| open reading frame 5 of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus as a cause of virus-induced apoptosis. | the gene product of open reading frame 5 (p25) of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (prrs) virus has been expressed by coinfection of culture cells with vaccinia virus expressing the t7 rna polymerase and a recombinant vaccinia virus encoding the open reading frame 5 gene under the t7 promoter and the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site. in spite of the reported efficiency of the expression system, very poor accumulation of p25 protein was observed and a strong cy ... | 1996 | 8627762 |
| in vivo administration of serum thymic factor (fts) prevents emc-d virus-induced diabetes and myocarditis in balb/cajcl mice. | the effect of serum thymic factor (fts) on the d-variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc-d) virus-induced diabetes and myocarditis in balb/cajcl mice was investigated. mice pretreated with 50 or 10 micrograms of fts were infected with 10 or 10(3) pfu of emc-d virus. in the mice inoculated with 10 pfu of virus, 40% developed diabetes on post-infection day (pid) 14, whereas those treated with fts (50 micrograms/administration) on day 2 and 1 before infection did not develop diabetes. fts (10 microgra ... | 1996 | 8629952 |
| rapid and sensitive polymerase chain reaction based detection and typing of foot-and-mouth disease virus in clinical samples and cell culture isolates, combined with a simultaneous differentiation with other genomically and/or symptomatically related viruses. | reverse transcription followed by the polymerase chain reaction method (pcr) allowed the detection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv), regardless of the serotype. a primer set corresponding to highly conserved regions of the 2b sequence was selected. by combining in a single reaction tube specific primer pairs for fmdv, swine vesicular disease virus, (svdv), encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (bvdv), all four viruses could be identified and differentiated in on ... | 1996 | 8634024 |
| interleukin-6 secreted from human myxoma reduces murine viral myocarditis. | the effect of interleukin-6 (il-6) secreted by a human atrial myxoma in vitro was investigated in c3h female mice with acute viral myocarditis. a culture medium containing il-6 (100 ng/ml) and il-8 (250 ng/ml), was prepared; viral myocarditis was induced by exposure to the encephalomyocarditis virus. mice were assigned to four groups: 1) intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of supernatant with il-6 and il-8 (0.2 ml/mice) given simultaneously with virus, 500 pfu for 4 days (group 1); 2) i.p. injectio ... | 1996 | 8637394 |
| activation of the translational suppressor 4e-bp1 following infection with encephalomyocarditis virus and poliovirus. | infection of cells with picornaviruses, such as poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv), causes a shutoff of host protein synthesis. the molecular mechanism of the shutoff has been partly elucidated for poliovirus but not for emcv. translation initiation in eukaryotes is facilitated by the mrna 5' cap structure to which the multisubunit translation initiation factor eif4f binds to promote ribosome binding. picornaviruses use a mechanism for the translation of their rna that is independe ... | 1996 | 8643618 |
| distribution of viral rna in the spinal cord of dba/2 mice developing biphasic paralysis following infection with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d). | dba/2 mice infected with the d variant of encephalomyocarditis virus (emc-d) (10(1) pfu/head) developed biphasic hind limb paralysis. as a first step in clarifying its pathogenesis, we examined the distribution of viral rna in the spinal cord using in situ hybridization. at 3 days post inoculation (dpi), in the spinal cord of mice showing slight paralysis, viral rna was observed in capillary endothelial cells and a few adjacent glia cells in the funiculus lateralis from thoracic to lumbar enlarg ... | 1995 | 8652364 |
| recombinant protein synthesis in chinese hamster ovary cells using a vaccinia virus/bacteriophage t7 hybrid expression system. | the vaccinia virus/bacteriophage t7 expression system was adapted to chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells. vaccinia virus undergoes abortive infection in cho cells, which is characterized by a sharp reduction in protein synthesis at the stage of viral intermediate gene expression. we determined that expression of a t7 promoter-regulated chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene was at least 20 times more efficient in permissive bs-c-1 than in cho cells. the encephalomyocarditis virus 5'-untranslated r ... | 1996 | 8663285 |
| relation between distribution of viral rna and development of histopathological changes in encephalomyocarditis virus-induced orchitis in mice. | the relation between the distribution of viral rna and the development of histopathological changes was investigated in the early stage of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced orchitis in mice. signals of viral rna were first detected by in situ hybridization in a few sertoli cells in almost intact germinal epithelia at 2 days post-inoculation (d.p.i.). the number of sertoli cells bearing signals of viral rna increased at 3 d.p.i. when mild degenerative changes were exceptionally found in ge ... | 1996 | 8664143 |
| immunomodulating agents for the management of heart failure with myocarditis and cardiomyopathy--lessons from animal experiments. | we have developed murine models of viral myocarditis induced by the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus in which there is a high incidence of severe myocarditis, congestive heart failure and dilated cardiomyopathy. from these models, we have learned of their natural history and pathogenesis and assessed new diagnostic methods and therapeutic and preventive interventions. our recent studies showed that increased circulating cytokines have been detected in patients with acute myocarditis and cardiomy ... | 1995 | 8682082 |
| involvement of macrophages in the development of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes in mice. | the role of macrophages in the development of diabetes following infection with encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was examined in 3 strains of mice (dba/2 and balb/c: susceptible, c57bl/6: resistant). after infection with 100 plaque forming units (pfu)/head of emc-d (highly diabetogenic variant), the incidence of diabetes at 3 days post infection (dpi) (dba/2: 7/8, balb/c: 3/8, c57bl/6: 0/8) was well correlated with the severity of macrophage infiltration with beta cell damage in the pancreatic i ... | 1996 | 8689584 |
| cleavage site mutations in the encephalomyocarditis virus p3 region lethally abrogate the normal processing cascade. | site-specific mutations within the proteinase 3c-dependent p3 region cleavage sequences of encephalomyocarditis virus have been constructed. the mutations altered the normal qg cleavage site dipeptide pairs of the 2c/3a, 3a/3b, 3b/3c, and 3c/3d junctions into qv, qc, qf, qy, and rg sequences. when translated in vitro in the context of full-length viral polyproteins, all mutations blocked endogenous 3c-mediated processing at their engineered sites and produced stable forms of the expected viral p ... | 1996 | 8709217 |
| revertant analysis of j-k mutations in the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosomal entry site detects an altered leader protein. | the internal ribosomal entry site (ires) of picornaviruses consists of various sequence and structural elements that collectively impart translational function to the genome. by engineering substitution and deletion mutations into the j-k elements of the encephalomyocarditis virus ires, translationally defective viruses with small-plaque phenotypes were generated. from these, 60 larger-plaque revertant viruses were isolated and characterized, and their sequences were compared with a structural m ... | 1996 | 8709275 |
| induction of anti-tumor immunity by mouse tumor cells transfected with mouse interleukin-12 gene. | interleukin-12 (il-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine. in order to transduce both cdnas for p35 and p40 of il-12 in the tumor cells, a polycistronic retroviral vector was constructed by inserting the internal ribosome entry site gene of encephalomyocarditis virus between two cdnas. on the other hand, two cdnas were sequentially transfected in the tumor cells. both polycistronic gene transfectants and double transfectants produced biologically active mouse il-12. il-12-expressing tumor cells were al ... | 1995 | 8718555 |
| brefeldin a inhibits the antiviral action of interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus. | brefeldin a (bfa), a unique fungal metabolite of a 13-membered lactone ring, exhibits various biological actions, including antitumor, antifungal and antiviral activities. in the present study, mouse lb cells were treated with various concentrations of interferon (ifn) and/or bfa overnight and infected with encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) after removal of ifn and bfa. doses of bfa which neither inhibit the metabolism of the cell nor the infectivity of emcv, decreased the ifn-induced antiviral ... | 1996 | 8725108 |
| analysis of sequence and pathogenic properties of two variants of encephalomyocarditis virus differing in a single amino acid in vp1. | the encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus-induced diabetes-like syndrome in mouse inbred strains was used as a model to study the insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm). our investigations were performed with two emc virus variants, pv2 and pv7. after infection of sjl mice with 10(5) pfu of pv2 about 70% of the animals developed a diabetes-like syndrome, whereas the pv7 infected mice appeared healthy. histological examination and in situ experiments revealed that the islets of langerhans are a ma ... | 1996 | 8738170 |
| antibody responses to two encephalomyocarditis virus vaccines in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | two groups of rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) housed in rodent-controlled outdoor corrals were inoculated with two different encephalomyocarditis virus (emcv) vaccines. one group (n = 45) received a vaccine made from an inactivated field isolate of virus cultured during an outbreak at a zoo in florida. this vaccine produced fourfold increases in the titers of 28 animals (62%); the increases persisted for at least 18 months (last test) after a single injection of the vaccine. the other group (n ... | 1996 | 8740951 |
| protective effects of macrophage-derived interferon against encephalomyocarditis virus-induced diabetes mellitus in mice. | the involvement of macrophages in protection against diabetes mellitus in mice of balb/c (susceptible) and c57bl (resistant) strains infected with the b (non-diabetogenic) or d (highly diabetogenic) variant of encephalomyocarditis (emc) virus was examined. pretreatment with the b variant of emc virus (emc-b), avirulent interferon (ifn) inducer, or corynebacterium parvum inhibited diabetes in balb/c mice infected with the d variant of emc virus (emc-d). treatment of c57bl mice with carrageenan to ... | 1995 | 8746525 |
| equine rhinovirus serotypes 1 and 2: relationship to each other and to aphthoviruses and cardioviruses. | equine rhinoviruses (ervs) are picornaviruses which cause a mild respiratory infection in horses. the illness resembles the common cold brought about by rhinoviruses in humans; however, the presence of a viraemia during erv-1 infection, the occurrence of persistent infections and the physical properties are all more reminiscent of foot-and-mouth disease virus (fmdv). cdna cloning and sequencing of the genomes of erv-1 and erv-2 between the poly(c) and poly(a) tracts showed that the serotypes are ... | 1996 | 8760418 |
| bicistronic vector for the creation of stable mammalian cell lines that predisposes all antibiotic-resistant cells to express recombinant protein. | we have developed an improved vector for the stable expression of recombinant protein in mammalian cells. in this vector, designated pcin, both the recombinant cdna and the neomycin phosphotransferase selection marker are transcribed from a single promoter element. to facilitate translation of the second open reading frame, the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site has been inserted into the expression cassette immediately before the start codon of this sequence. we report the ... | 1996 | 8770413 |
| expression and purification of recombinant, glycosylated human interferon alpha 2b in murine myeloma nso cells. | we have expressed recombinant human interferon-alpha 2b in mammalian cells and isolated cell lines constitutively secreting very high levels of biologically active protein. the expression system takes advantage of the strong human cytomegalovirus immediate early promoter in mouse myeloma nso cells and glutamine synthetase as a selectable marker; spontaneous mutants with amplified gene copy numbers were selected by growth of primary transfectants in the presence of methionine sulfoximine. using t ... | 1996 | 8776749 |
| a replication-deficient adenovirus enhances liposome-mediated nucleic acid transfer into a stable cell line expressing t7 rna polymerase. | liposome-mediated transfer of nucleic acids into a cell line expressing bacteriophage t7 rna polymerase was enhanced by addition of a replication-deficient adenovirus (ad5-259a) to transfection mixtures. increasing quantities of ad5-259a resulted in a dose-related (up to 30-fold) enhancement of reporter gene activity expressed in bt7-h cells transfected with plasmid dna containing the reporter sequence fused to the internal ribosome entry site of encephalomyocarditis virus. similarly, ad5-259a e ... | 1996 | 8783149 |
| systemic absorption and activity of recombinant consensus interferons after intratracheal instillation and aerosol administration. | the pulmonary pharmacokinetics and bioactivity of e. coli derived recombinant consensus interferon (cifn) and a modified lactose-conjugated consensus interferon (laccifn) were evaluated in animals. | 1995 | 8786962 |