Publications

postnatal changes of igg and igm levels in squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus).	serum igg and igm levels were measured in domestically bred squirrel monkeys (saimiri sciureus) ranging in age from 0 days to 42 months, as well as in adult squirrel monkeys from the wild estimated to be 60 months or older. the results indicated that the transplacental transfer of igg occurs in the squirrel monkey but the transferability is lower in the squirrel monkey than in the cynomolgus monkey. immune response in the squirrel monkey occurs just after birth, as shown by igm production.	1986	3100807
replica-immunogold technique applied to studies on measles virus morphogenesis.	the replica technique was applied to studies on the dynamic process of measles virus budding on infected hela cells. virus structures were identified by labeling with anti-measles antibodies and protein a-gold. the combination of these two methods enabled us to characterize the sequence of virus budding at the plasma membrane, to localize virus structures on cytoskeletons of infected cells, and to study the influence of ca2+ ions on virus structures at the plasma membrane. studies on platinum ca ...	1987	3109026
live measles vaccine: a 21 year follow up.	21 years after receiving schwartz strain live measles vaccine 4500 trial participants showed a continuing high level of protection compared with those who were unvaccinated. over the last seven years of the follow up no cases of measles were reported in vaccinated participants who had had close contact with the disease. immunity induced by the vaccine seems to survive the challenge of close contact with measles in young children, even after 21 years.	1987	3113599
use of indonesian non-human primate erythrocytes for measles hemagglutination inhibition serology.	the use of erythrocytes (rbc) from presbytis cristata, p. melalophus and macaca fascicularis for measles hemagglutination inhibition serologies is presented. these primates can provide a ready supply of rbc for diagnostic reagent use in areas of the world where the african green monkey or rhesus macaque are not available. individuals of each species are useful but must be screened for hemagglutination ability of their erythrocytes. the animal can then be chosen that has erythrocytes which best a ...	1987	3116677
tumor necrosis factor amplifies measles virus-mediated ia induction on astrocytes.	we describe the induction of ia on cultured astrocytes by measles virus and the amplification of this induction by tumor necrosis factor (tnf). measles virus induces ia on rat astrocytes by direct interaction with these cells. tnf does not induce significant levels of ia at any dose from 1 to 10,000 units/ml. as little as 10 units of tnf per ml, however, amplifies ia-inducing signals generated by measles virus in astrocytes. in contrast, tnf and measles virus induce class i major histocompatibil ...	1987	3118363
synergistic effect of detergents and aluminium phosphate on the humoral immune response to bacterial and viral membrane proteins.	the influence of detergents on the immunogenic activity of the major outer membrane protein of neisseria gonorrhoeae was investigated. most detergents tested were found to enhance the immune response. this effect was synergistic with the adjuvant activity of alpo4. the combination of detergent and alpo4 showed a stronger adjuvant activity than freund's complete adjuvant. the adjuvant effect was only observed with protein preparations with very low lipopolysaccharide content. the immunostimulatin ...	1987	3124365
subacute sclerosing panencephalitis: detection of measles virus sequences in rna extracted from circulating lymphocytes.		1988	3128370
passive hemagglutination test for measles immunity and serodiagnosis.	a passive hemagglutination (pha) test for measles was evaluated in comparison with hemagglutination inhibition (hi) and neutralization (nt) tests. the pha test determines exclusively the level of antibody directed to the hemagglutinin protein of measles virus. the ratio of pha to hi titer was 1 to 32 (geometric mean, 6.5) for the first 5 weeks of infection but declined to near unity thereafter. it gradually increased again to 4 to 32 (geometric mean, 11.7) over several years. the initial high ph ...	1988	3130389
a chronological study of experimental scrapie in mice.	the development of scrapie-associated particles and lesions in four regions of the brain was studied in mice over a period of 30 weeks. characteristic tubulovesicular particles, identical to those previously described, were first found about half way through the incubation period in mice inoculated by four different routes. the particles are found in brains with scrapie and other spongiform encephalopathies; they have never been seen in other conditions, and potentially represent the infectious ...	1988	3131975
interferon status after measles virus infection.	peripheral blood leucocytes from patients who had recently had measles infection were examined for their ability to produce alpha- or gamma-interferon, their antiviral state and the level of e enzyme. these results were compared with peripheral blood leucocytes from healthy control subjects. the results show that while peripheral blood leucocytes from control patients produced alpha- and gamma-interferon, those from the measles patients produced only alpha-interferon. the peripheral blood leucoc ...	1988	3132743
surveillance of antibody to measles, mumps, and rubella by age.	before the introduction of measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine a survey was carried out to measure antibody prevalence to the three viruses by age. a total of 8716 samples of serum collected by five public health laboratories in different parts of england during 1986-7 were tested. despite the current measles vaccination programme 60% of children aged 1-2 years did not have measles antibody and over 80% did not have antibodies to mumps and rubella. in the 3-4 year age group 17% of the children w ...	1988	3142541
[the significance of the level of immunity in organized collectives in performing epidemiologic surveillance for diphtheria, tetanus and measles].		1988	3143180
[immunomodulating properties of the antigens of the cell walls of nontoxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae].	the total protein fraction was obtained by extraction with nonionic detergent np-40. the fraction composition and molecular parameters were studied with dds-na electrophoresis in polyacryl amide gel. common properties of the corynebacterium diphtheriae protein fraction 66 kd and an analogous fraction of the cell walls of staphylococci and the measles virus were shown with immunoblotting. cell-mediated mechanisms of the immune response to contact with antigens of corynebacterium diphtheriae cell ...	1988	3143322
long-term regulation of interferon production by lymphocytes from children inoculated with live measles virus vaccine.		1988	3143767
[studies on the establishment of a measles antibodies detection method using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa)].		1988	3148014
the immunosuppressive effects of measles virus on t cell function--failure to affect il-2 release or cytotoxic t cell activity in vitro.	measles virus (mv) is known to depress t cell function. in order to determine whether this results from alteration in the production of, or response to, interleukin-2 (il-2) we studied the effect of in vitro infection with mv on human il-2 dependent t cell lines. mv produced a cytopathic productive infection in these cells. class i allospecific cytotoxic t cells retained their cytotoxic activity 48 h after infection. both cytotoxic and leu 3a/4a positive t cell lines continued to respond to il-2 ...	1985	3156014
coincidental fluctuations of humoral immunity and clinical progression in a patient with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.	serum and cerebrospinal fluid were obtained from a 6-year-old male with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe). specimens were collected over a 9-month period beginning in the unusually acute phase and ending in a more quiescent phase of the disease. immune complexes, auto-antibodies and viral antibodies were measured by radio-immunoassays. fluctuations in these humoral immune parameters coincided with cessation of the acute phase of this disease. the results show that neurological changes i ...	1985	3158724
changes in plasma ige levels during complicated and uncomplicated measles virus infections.	plasma ige levels were measured in 214 samples from 182 peruvian patients with acute measles virus infections. plasma ige levels were significantly elevated early in infection compared to later time points. plasma levels of igg from the same patients rose during the same time period, whereas levels of iga and igm did not change. in patients with postmeasles encephalomyelitis, ige remained elevated longer than it did in patients either with uncomplicated measles or measles complicated by pneumoni ...	1985	3160758
[an analysis of the efficacy of measles vaccination].		1988	3163020
restriction of measles virus gene expression in measles inclusion body encephalitis.	measles virus (mv) infection in brain tissue of a patient with measles inclusion body encephalitis was characterized by immunologic and biochemical techniques. of the five major structural proteins of mv, only nucleocapsid (n) protein and phosphoprotein (p protein) were consistently detected in diseased brain areas. in contrast, hemagglutinin protein was seen only occasionally, and no membrane and fusion proteins were found in any of the sections studied. messenger rnas (mrnas) specific for thes ...	1988	3164746
biased hypermutation and other genetic changes in defective measles viruses in human brain infections.	we assessed the alterations of viral gene expression occurring during persistent infections by cloning full-length transcripts of measles virus (mv) genes from brain autopsies of two subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patients and one measles inclusion body encephalitis (mibe) patient. the sequence of these mv genes revealed that, most likely, almost 2% of the nucleotides were mutated during persistence, and 35% of these differences resulted in amino acid changes. one of these nucleotide substi ...	1988	3167982
an evaluation of measles serodiagnosis during an outbreak in a vaccinated community.	during an epidemic of measles in a vaccinated community, five serodiagnostic tests were performed on 67 persons on whom clinical and epidemiological data were available. the test found most suitable for a rapid diagnosis of measles infection was an enzyme linked immuno sorbent assay for the detection of specific igm antibodies. only one false negative igm was recorded. in a group of 45 persons who fulfilled the clinical definition of measles, specific igm antibodies were detected in the acute ph ...	1988	3168353
[long-term remission induced by measles infection and followed by immunosuppressive therapy in a case of refractory juvenile rheumatoid arthritis].	a case of severe juvenile rheumatoid arthritis, polyarticular type, refractory to fans and long acting therapy which showed a quick remission after measles is described. an immunosuppressive therapy to strengthen the immunosuppression induced by virus infection was performed for six months. the remission has been maintained for 4 years and appears up to now to be stable with no therapy. on the basis of this observation, the possibility of a vaccination therapy with measles virus, which equally g ...	1988	3174483
[analysis of the possible mechanisms for the persistence of the vaccinal strain of the measles virus in a human cell culture].	the mechanisms (factors) of the measles virus vaccine l-16 strain persistence in hep-2 cell culture were analysed. among the known mechanisms, most likely is the reduction of the cell-destroying properties of the persisting virus due to mutations in nucleoprotein gene manifested by changes of the isoelectric point of np protein and temperature sensitivity of its synthesis.	1988	3176432
[comparative clinico-morphological research on measles and mumps infections in an experiment on guinea pigs].	the pathological process typical of measles and mumps infections was reproduced clinically and morphologically in 250 experimental guinea pigs infected into the anterior eye chamber with different strains of measles and mumps viruses. the intraocular inoculation of measles virus induced in guinea pigs the signs of iridocyclitis and follicular conjunctivitis, whereas inoculation of mumps virus induced dacryoadenitis as well as iridocyclitis and follicular conjunctivitis. the severity of the repro ...	1988	3176433
measles immunisation in thai children aged nine to 14 months.		1988	3179106
viral distemper now found in porpoises.		1988	3185717
[effect of magnesium sulfate on the reproduction of the measles virus in cell culture].	magnesium sulphate in concentrations of 25-50 mm induced reproducible increase in titers of extracellular measles virus (by 0.5-2.0 1g tcd50/0.5 ml) in japanese quail embryo cells. mgso4 effect was observed with all methods of cell cultivation: stationary, roller, or on microcarriers. its effect was associated not with its stabilizing influence on the extracellular virus but rather with the stimulation of the synthesis of intracellular viral proteins.	1988	3195145
humoral immune response elicited in rats by measles viral membrane antigens presented in liposomes and iscoms.	the immunogenicity of measles virus glycoproteins presented associated to liposomes or iscoms was compared with that of whole virus and solubilized membrane proteins in w/fu rats. the rats were immunized three times at ten-day intervals with syngeneic peritoneal exudate cells fed in vitro with the various antigen preparations. a strong and persisting antibody response with haemagglutinin inhibitory and neutralization activity was observed in rats immunized with liposomes, iscoms, or virus. the r ...	1988	3195201
fulminant subacute sclerosing panencephalitis in association with pregnancy.	subacute sclerosing panencephalitis developed during pregnancy in a 27-year-old woman and immediately after delivery in an 18-year-old woman. in both, disease took an acute and fulminant course culminating in a vegetative state within several weeks. it is suggested that the relative older age of disease presentation and the unusually rapid neurologic deterioration were partially due to immunologic and hormonal alterations of pregnancy.	1988	3196192
acute encephalitis with intrathecal synthesis of measles antibodies.		1988	3198741
morphogenesis of measles virus on c6 rat glioma cells.	rat glioma cells (c6) persistently infected with measles virus show a locally dissociated distribution of budding processes at the cell surface.	1988	3198742
otosclerosis--an inflammatory disease of the otic capsule of viral aetiology?	fragments of otospongiotic and otosclerotic footplates were investigated by immunohistochemical methods. antibodies igg, iga, igm were found to be bound to the vascular connective tissue of the resorption lacunae, igg also to osteocytes. the application of antibodies against mumps, measles and rubella antigens showed the expression of the relevant viral antigens in the large cells of the resorption lacunae, in the vascular connective tissue, and in osteocytes, osteoclasts and chondrocytes, prese ...	1988	3199004
[effectiveness of selective anti-measles reimmunization of risk-group children].		1988	3200643
a sensitive radioimmunoassay for circulating alpha-interferon in the plasma of healthy children and patients with measles virus infection.	the mean circulating alpha-interferon of healthy children aged 2 to 13.5 yrs as measured by a radioimmunoassay was 0.119 +/- 0.031 ng/ml, which was significantly lower than that of young adults. circulating alpha-interferon of children with measles virus infection aged 1 to 11 yrs, on their first visit to the hospital when they were fully symptomatic, was 0.095 +/- 0.035 ng/ml (n = 39). it was 0.105 +/- 0.070 ng/ml (n = 21) on their second visit, 7 to 10 days after their first visit when the pat ...	1988	3208448
cloning and sequencing of the nucleoprotein gene of measles virus (hallé strain).		1988	3211755
osteoclasts in human osteopetrosis contain viral-nucleocapsid-like nuclear inclusions.	we report the discovery of nuclear inclusions in the osteoclasts of three unrelated patients with benign osteopetrosis that resemble the osteoclast inclusions characteristic of paget's disease of bone. these inclusions are morphologically and dimensionally identical to the nucleocapsids of a virus of the paramyxoviridae family. supporting a possible viral association with benign osteopetrosis in the observation of the presence of antigens of respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, and/or mum ...	1988	3213601
transmission of measles virus encephalitis to ferrets by intracardiac inoculation of a cell-associated sspe virus strain.	ferret fibroblasts infected with a cell-associated strain of subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus were inoculated into the hearts of ferrets in order to study whether the virus can spread from the blood to the brain in this animal model. five of 21 inoculated ferrets developed encephalitis 5-7 days later and were sacrificed. sick animals showed inflammatory lesions in the brain, both perivascular cuffings and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the choroid plexus and meninges. virus was i ...	1988	3214585
[measles antibodies in exocrine secretions].	the results of the analysis of saliva samples taken from 157 persons aged 1-48 years for the presence of antimeasles antibodies in the neutralization test, the hemagglutination inhibition test and the passive hemagglutination test are presented. the data obtained in this study suggest that antimeasles antibodies can be detected in saliva for many years after the formation of immunity, but quickly disintegrate after a saliva sample is taken.	1988	3218415
patterns of the morbillivirus immunity in some residents from high-risk areas for multiple sclerosis.		1988	3253922
[measles infection: an operational proposal for vaccine prophylaxis].		1988	3254495
antigen presentation to hla class ii-restricted measles virus-specific t-cell clones can occur in the absence of the invariant chain.	a human fibroblast line expressing hla-dr1 antigen on its surface was generated by transfection with dr alpha and dr beta cdnas. expression of the invariant chain gene was not detectable in the transfected fibroblasts and was not induced by infection with measles virus. lysis of measles virus-infected cells occurred with dr1- but not with dr4-restricted measles virus-specific cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) clones and was inhibited by a monoclonal antibody specific for dr antigen. therefore, the in ...	1988	3257576
antibody response of children to measles vaccine mixed with diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus or diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus-poliomyelitis vaccine.	the feasibility of giving measles vaccine mixed with either diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus (dpt) or dpt-poliomyelitis (dptp) vaccine was investigated to simplify the routine immunization schedule. children 12 to 18 months of age, due for measles immunization, were given measles vaccine alone or mixed with dpt or dptp. their prevaccination and four-weeks postvaccination serum samples were tested for the measles virus hemagglutination-inhibition antibody titer. although 191 children completed the st ...	1988	3257842
measles virus fusion protein presented in an immune-stimulating complex (iscom) induces haemolysis-inhibiting and fusion-inhibiting antibodies, virus-specific t cells and protection in mice.	immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), which have recently been shown to be highly effective for the antigenic presentation of membrane proteins of viruses, were prepared with affinity-purified fusion (f) protein of measles virus (mv), using an adaptation of the standard method for iscom preparation. immunization of monkeys with the f iscom preparation induced biologically active anti-f protein antibodies as was shown in haemolysis inhibition and cell-cell fusion inhibition tests. a whole mv isc ...	1988	3258355
[immunological elimination of cytogenetically aberrant cells induced by infectious factors].	injection of measles virus and streptolysin-o into the cultures of human fibroblasts (hf) significantly increased the number of cells with cytogenetic aberrations. injection of non-immune autologous t-lymphocytes resulted in the decrease in the number of aneuploid hf leading to the intact condition. immune homologous t-lymphocytes, in contrast to non-immune autologous ones, were shown to remove cells with structural chromosome damage, without affecting the number of polyploid and aneuploid cells ...	1988	3258575
cytogenetic effects of the addition of leukocytes and blood sera on human fibroblasts exposed to measles virus or to streptolysin-o.	infection with measles virus and also introduction of streptolysin-o induced a significant increase in the level of cells with cytogenetic disturbances in the culture of human fibroblasts (hf). a decrease to intact condition of the number of hf with aneuploid and polyploid sets of chromosomes was observed after the introduction of non-immune autologous t-lymphocytes into the cultures. immune homologous t-lymphocytes, unlike non-immune autologous t-lymphocytes, eliminated cells with structural di ...	1988	3261747
comparative analysis of virus-specific antibodies and immunoglobulins in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of subacute measles virus-induced encephalomyelitis (same) in rats and subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe).	the intrathecal humoral immune response was analysed in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and lewis rats with subacute measles virus (mv)-induced encephalomyelitis (same). sspe patients as well as same rats revealed oligoclonal, intrathecal antibody synthesis with mv specificity. same rats synthesized mv-specific antibodies intracerebrally to a higher extent than sspe patients. although a restricted isoelectric pattern of mv-specific antibodies was detected in the cerebros ...	1988	3262624
virus-specific cytotoxic t cells in multiple sclerosis.		1988	3263072
impaired measles-specific cytotoxic t-cell response in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.		1988	3264687
intracellular processing of measles virus fusion protein.	intracellular processing of measles virus fusion (f) protein was studied by radiolabeling and immunoprecipitation with a monoclonal antibody against f protein. the cleavage of f protein into f1 and f2 subunits was complete after 5 hours of chase during which the growth of oligosaccharide chains on the f2 domain of f protein continued. the addition of terminal sialic acid conferred a strong negative charge on the f2 subunit. f protein expressed on the cell surface was removed by a fungal semi-alk ...	1988	3277595
rubeola.	although immunization practices have dramatically reduced the incidence of measles, several populations remain at risk of the disease. modified measles may occur in those who received immune globulin in childhood. atypical measles, often confused with rocky mountain spotted fever, may develop in those who received inactivated measles virus vaccine and were subsequently exposed to the natural disease. the diagnosis of measles requires a high index of suspicion and a careful immunization history.	1988	3278563
measles virus infection of unstimulated blood mononuclear cells in vitro: antigen expression and virus production preferentially in monocytes.	synthesis of measles virus antigens occurred only in a small percentage of peripheral blood mononuclear cells infected in vitro with measles virus without mitogenic stimulation. the infection cycle was restricted as only low amounts of infectious virus were released but all the major structural viral proteins were present as shown by immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibodies. cells with viral antigen synthesis were characterized by double labelling and by infecting selectively depleted subpo ...	1988	3280184
fusion glycoprotein (f) of rinderpest virus: entire nucleotide sequence of the f mrna, and several features of the f protein.	the full-length cdna corresponding to the mrna for the fusion protein of rinderpest virus (rv) was cloned and its complete nucleotide sequence was determined. the mrna for the f protein was composed of 2359 nucleotides and contained a single large open reading frame which was capable of encoding 566 amino acids with a molecular weight (mw) of 58,929. the rv-f mrna had a long noncoding region at the 5' end (586 bases) which was c-rich like the measles virus (mv)-f mrna but they did not appear to ...	1988	3285575
demonstration of antigens at both sides of plasma membranes in one coincident electron microscopic image: a double-immunogold replica study of virus-infected cells.	we present here a procedure for obtaining high-resolution topographical information about the spatial distribution of antigens at both sides of isolated plasma membranes. hela cells grown on coverslips and infected with measles virus served as a model system. virus glycoproteins appearing at the cell surface were demonstrated by tagging them with rabbit anti-measles antibodies and protein a-gold probes. cells were stabilized with tannic acid, covered with a cationized coverslip, and then split i ...	1988	3292642
high-level eucaryotic in vivo expression of biologically active measles virus hemagglutinin by using an adenovirus type 5 helper-free vector system.	the entire measles virus (mv) hemagglutinin (ha)-coding region was reconstructed from cloned cdnas and used as part of a hybrid transcription unit to replace a region of the adenovirus type 5 genome corresponding to the entire e1a transcription unit and most of the e1b transcription unit. the resulting recombinant virus was stable and able to replicate to high titers in 293 cells (which constitutively express the complementary e1a-e1b functions) in the absence of helper virus. during infection o ...	1988	3292790
the detection of measles specific immunoglobulin m antibodies using biotinylated antigens.	the methods of reverse type enzymeimmunoassay (eias) with biotinylated antigens were used to determine igm antibodies to measles virus in human sera. these antigens, either purified measles virus antigen or lysate type measles-vero antigen with lysate vero control antigen, were used in the two separate igm-tests. paired sera from 15 measles patients as well as 456 sera from patients with viral infections other than measles, with mycoplasma pneumoniae infections, from rheumatoid arthritis patient ...	1988	3293626
anti-bovine antibody in human sera as a cause of nonspecificity in enzyme immunoassay.	much nonspecific activity in enzyme immunoassay is due to reactions between anti-bovine antibodies which are commonly present in human serum samples and residual calf serum in viral antigens. calf serum is used in cultured cells which are used to produce viral antigens. addition of bovine proteins to serum samples to be tested for viral antibodies reduces this activity.	1987	3298314
a new concept of the epidemic process of influenza a virus.	influenza a virus was discovered in 1933, and since then four major variants have caused all the epidemics of human influenza a. each had an era of solo world prevalence until 1977 as follows: h0n1 (old style) strains until 1946, h1n1 (old style) strains until 1957, h2n2 strains until 1968, then h3n2 strains, which were joined in 1977 by a renewed prevalence of h1n1 (old style) strains. serological studies show that h2n2 strains probably had had a previous era of world prevalence during the last ...	1987	3301379
measles virus persistence in a hamster brain cell line: cyclical fluctuation of viral expression during serial passages.	measles virus persistence in a hamster brain cell line was examined for the appearance of viral antigens and for the synthesis of infectious virus, viral rna, and virus-specific proteins during 19 serial passages. cyclical fluctuation was detected at all levels of measles virus replication. after reaching the maximal activity at the passages 9 to 11 viral synthesis diminished rapidly, being lowest after 2 to 3 subsequent passages. no release of infectious virus was detected at the passages 14 an ...	1987	3313404
[measles virus and the central nervous system].		1987	3314630
visualization of defective measles virus particles in cerebrospinal fluid in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.	measles virus particles were visualized in the csf of two patients with verified subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) by using scanning electron microscopy. immunologic identification of the accumulated particles was performed with monoclonal antibodies, directly conjugated to carboxylated microspheres, specific for different measles virus antigens. the beads were amassed on the filter surface after a 1-hr incubation in the csf. spherical particles with a diameter ranging between 150 and 5 ...	1987	3316416
[correlation of titers of antibodies to the measles virus by an immunoenzyme method and in the hemagglutination inhibition reaction].	the authors analyze the results of comparative studies on 15 paired sera from children with suspected measles, of 32 sera from children and adolescents aged 1.5 to 16 immunized against measles, and of 21 sera from adults aged 19 to 86 with a history of the disease. eia proved to be more sensitive than hait: the detection rate of positive sera was higher, as were the titers of antibodies detected by it, in examinations of the sera from vaccinated children and the adults. analysis of the distribut ...	1987	3318233
[rapid serological screening of human sera for the presence of measles virus antibodies in solid-phase immunoenzyme analysis].	a single dilution technique has been used for the determination of antimeasles antibody titer. the method involved the plotting of the calibration curve and the characterization of the serum by arbitrary "evaluation units" in comparison with the specially selected positive serum whose titer was taken to be equal to 100 "evaluation units". by means of this method 57 sera obtained from children immunized against measles and 118 sera from non-vaccinated adults aged 18-22 years were examined. the va ...	1987	3318248
measles virus matrix protein gene expression in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient brain and virus isolate demonstrated by cdna hybridization and immunocytochemistry.	subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) is a rare, fatal disease of children caused by a persistent measles virus infection of the central nervous system. a defect in synthesis of measles virus matrix (m) protein may be a factor in virus persistence in the brain. this study details attempts to detect expression of m protein in the brain of an sspe patient, in the cell-associated virus isolated from this brain, and in brains of ferrets inoculated with the isolate. in situ hybridization with a ...	1987	3324622
the molecular biology of the morbillivirus (measles) group.	the morbilliviruses are a closely related group of important human and animal pathogens. the best known members of the group are measles virus in man and canine distemper virus in dogs. the group also includes two other serious animal diseases, rinderpest or cattle plague and peste des petits ruminants in sheep and goats. the latter viruses are of great economic importance in africa, asia and the middle east. persistence of these viruses in some form is a possible mechanism whereby life-long imm ...	1987	3332767
inhibition of measles virus-induced cell-cell fusion with a monoclonal antibody directed against the haemagglutinin.	a neutralizing monoclonal antibody (c26-15) against the haemagglutinin (h protein) of measles virus was generated which caused cell-cell fusion inhibition in cultures of measles virus-infected cells. it was shown that this phenomenon coincided with a down-regulation of the expression of both the h protein and the fusion (f) protein. we also showed cell-cell fusion inhibition with a polyclonal rabbit serum directed against tween-ether inactivated measles virus, which did not contain biologically ...	1987	3334701
measles in developing countries. part i. epidemiological parameters and patterns.	this paper presents a review of published data concerning the epidemiology of measles in developing countries. simple mathematical models provide a framework for data analysis and interpretation. the analyses highlight differences and similarities in the patterns of transmission of the measles virus in developed and developing countries. whilst the rate of loss of maternally derived immunity to measles is broadly similar, the average age at infection is much lower, and case fatality rates are mu ...	1988	3338500
persistent measles virus genome in autoimmune chronic active hepatitis: cause or coincidence?		1988	3338707
canine parvovirus: strain difference in haemagglutination activity and antigenicity.	canine parvovirus (cpv) strains were compared for haemagglutination (ha) activity and antigenicity and were divided into two types by ha activity. strains cp49 and 29-f showed temperature-dependent ha, like feline panleukopenia virus (fplv) and mink enteritis virus (mev), whereas strains sp-80 and y-1 showed temperature-independent ha with erythrocytes from eight species of animals. the results of a cross ha inhibition test using immunized rat sera suggested that of the two types of cpv those sh ...	1988	3339330
multiple viral mutations rather than host factors cause defective measles virus gene expression in a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis cell line.	a measles virus (mv) genome originally derived from brain cells of a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient expressed in ip-3-ca cells an unstable mv matrix protein and was unable to produce virus particles. transfection of this mv genome into other cell lines did not relieve these defects, showing that they are ultimately encoded by viral mutations. however, these defects were partially relieved in a weakly infectious virus which emerged from ip-3-ca cells and which produced a matrix prote ...	1988	3346948
construction and characterization of complementary dna libraries from vero cells infected with measles virus.	several cdna libraries have been generated from poly(a)rna from vero cells infected for 24 hours with measles virus. different protocols for cdna library construction were compared and some critical steps were evaluated. from these libraries, a measles virus specific sequence corresponding to 885 of 1600 nucleotides of the measles virus phosphoprotein gene has been cloned. the phosphoprotein gene accounts for 1% of the total cdna library after 24 hours of infection at 37 degrees c. the technique ...	1988	3348914
analysis of the polypeptides synthesized in rinderpest virus-infected cells.	we have identified, by [35s]methionine labeling, eight major induced proteins and a number of minor proteins in rinderpest virus-infected bovine kidney cells. the polypeptides ranged in molecular weight from 212 to 21.5 kda. the majority of these polypeptides are virus specific, as demonstrated by immunoprecipitation with rabbit hyperimmune serum against rinderpest. infected cells radiolabeled with glucosamine contained a 75-kda polypeptide and a broad band migrating at 80 kda, both identified a ...	1988	3354196
[applicability of micronucleus analysis for testing the aneuploid cell level in mouse bone marrow subjected to the action of different mutagenic factors].	the results of parallel studies in murine bone marrow of aneuploid cells' level and of micronuclei cells under the action of different mutagenic factors (x-irradiation, ethanol, measles virus and colchicine) are presented. the correlation analysis demonstrated the absence of correlation for the indices studied, in most cases. possible reasons for this phenomenon are discussed.	1988	3356325
restricted synthesis of the fusion protein of measles virus at elevated temperatures.	the elevation of culture temperatures from 35 degrees c to 39 degrees c led to the cessation of the synthesis of the fusion (f) protein of measles virus. this effect was caused by inhibition of the translation of the corresponding mrna rather than by a decrease in the synthesis or stability of the mrna or by increased degradation of the f protein at elevated temperatures. the haemagglutinin (h) and f mrnas were distributed differently in gradients on which polysomes were fractionated. the h mrna ...	1988	3356983
mice immunized with measles virus develop antibodies to a cell surface receptor for binding virus.	mice were immunized with measles virus to determine whether an auto-anti-idiotypic antireceptor response could be generated as a probe for measles virus receptors. mice initially responded to viral antigens (days 11 to 18) and subsequently developed antibodies to a putative measles virus receptor (peak at day 30 to 35) by three criteria: the sera (1) agglutinated erythrocytes which virus agglutinates, (2) reacted with vero cells, and (3) inhibited virus attachment to vero cells. additionally, se ...	1988	3357206
prevalence of igg-antibodies to mumps and measles virus in non-vaccinated children.	the prevalence of mumps and measles igg antibodies in a randomly selected population of children was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) before routine measles-mumps-rubella (mmr) vaccination was introduced in denmark. testing of sera from about 2,520 danish children between one and 17 years of age showed that mumps antibodies were acquired at an early age. the peak acquisition rate was between the ages of four and five; before the age of 15, 90% of children had antibodies ...	1988	3359817
[development and experience in the use of an immunoenzyme test system for determining specific antihemolysins in patients with measles].	to determine the physico-chemical nature of specific antimeasles antihemolysins, an enzyme immunoassay (eia) system with the use of stable measles virus hemolysing antigen has been developed. the expedient method has been worked out: the antigen diluted 1:20 with the initial hemolytic activity in the direct hemolysis inhibition test equal to 1:64 and, for its fixation, 0.1 m carbonate-bicarbonate buffer solution, ph 9.6, are used; the fixation of the antigen is carried out at 4 degrees c for 16- ...	1988	3364085
sequence variability and function of measles virus 3' and 5' ends and intercistronic regions.	sequences critical for the activity of the measles virus (mv) rna polymerase in transcription and replication were analyzed using a mv genomic cdna library containing overlapping clones encompassing the entire mv genome. clones corresponding to the 3' and 5' ends of the mv genome were identified and sequenced, and these sequences were confirmed by primer extension experiments. neither (+) nor (-) strand leader rnas were detected in mv-infected cell extracts, using high specific activity riboprob ...	1988	3369090
apparent lack of effect of vaccination against mink enteritis virus (mev). a challenge study.	the mink enteritis virus part of a triple vaccine was tested in mink. no raise in antibody response was measured after vaccination. subsequent challenge of groups of vaccinated or not-vaccinated animals revealed no differences in virus excretion or antibody response in the different animals.	1988	3369943
acute encephalitis with intrathecal synthesis of measles antibodies.	in two cases of acute encephalitis, there was an intrathecal antibody synthesis against measles virus, as determined with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. the clinical findings were not consistent with a usual measles infection, subacute sclerosing panencephalitis or acute multiple sclerosis.	1988	3373247
humoral and cellular immune responses to matrix protein of measles virus in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis.	the immune response to matrix (m) protein of measles virus was examined in patients with subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe) and controls. antibodies specific for m and nucleocapsid (nc) proteins in 11 serum and 8 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples from patients with sspe were quantitated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay by using affinity-purified measles virus proteins. geometric mean anti-nc antibody titers were higher in the serum (6.58 +/- 0.98 [mean +/- standard deviation]) and cs ...	1988	3373575
increased measles mortality in households with multiple cases in the gambia, 1981.	analysis of previously collected data from measles outbreaks in three gambian villages demonstrated that an age of less than 3 years was the primary risk factor for death in the months following measles infection. no association was found between overall measles mortality and size of household or number of measles cases in a household. when the analysis was confined to patients less than 3 years of age (i.e., those most likely to die), measles mortality was strongly associated with the occurrenc ...	1988	3375698
mortality among primary and secondary cases of measles in bangladesh.	data were reviewed from an intensive 1975-1976 survey in two bangladeshi villages that experienced a high incidence of measles. mortality among secondary cases (four of 50, 8.0%) was significantly higher than that among primary cases (six of 290, 2.1%). in every case in which there was a death in a household with more than one case, it was the youngest patient who died. all children with secondary cases who died had a pre-illness weight-for-height status above the population mean. measles mortal ...	1988	3375700
measles in developing countries. part ii. the predicted impact of mass vaccination.	a mathematical model is developed to mimic the transmission dynamics of the measles virus in communities in the developing world with high population growth rates and high case fatality rates. the model is used to compare the impacts of different mass vaccination programmes upon morbidity and mortality arising from infection by measles virus. analyses identify three conclusions of practical significance to the design of optimal vaccination programmes. first, there is no single optimum age at whi ...	1988	3378585
generation of measles virus defective interfering particles and their presence in a preparation of attenuated live-virus vaccine.	by starting from a thrice-purified wild-type measles virus plaque, the generation of detectable subgenomic rnas was achieved within a series of five serial infections of vero cells. the evolution of these subgenomic rnas was followed for seven serial passages and ended with the preparation of a highly interfering viral stock. on the other hand, the detection of discrete subgenomic rnas was achieved during the first infection of vero cells with at least one of three measles virus vaccine preparat ...	1988	3392771
haemagglutinin of measles virus: purification and storage with preservation of biological and immunological properties.	measles virus envelope haemagglutinin (h) was purified rapidly with triton x-100-solubilized virions by a two-step anion-exchange chromatography using fast protein liquid chromatography. the purity of the glycoprotein in its dimeric form was demonstrated by sds-page followed by silver staining or autoradiography. the purified h glycoprotein was further freed from contaminating detergent by dialysis of octylglucoside detergent. this purification procedure, together with subsequent lyophilization ...	1988	3404122
canine distemper virus (cdv) immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), but not measles virus iscoms, protect dogs against cdv infection.	the potential of immune-stimulating complexes (iscoms), a novel form of antigenic presentation, for the induction of protective immunity against morbillivirus infection was shown by immunizing dogs with canine distemper virus (cdv) iscoms, which contained the fusion (f) protein and a minor amount of the haemagglutinin of the virus. the immunized dogs developed cdv-neutralizing antibodies but, in contrast to non-immunized dogs, did not develop viraemia or clinical signs of infection upon intranas ...	1988	3404123
nucleotide sequence of the gene encoding the matrix protein of a recent measles virus isolate.	the sequence of the m gene of the hu2 strain of measles virus has been determined. in the coding region of the gene, six nucleotide replacements had occurred with respect to the sequence of the m gene of the edmonston strain. two of these were silent and only four led to amino acid replacements in the protein sequence even though in sds-page the mobility of the protein would indicate an mr increase of 2000. no changes were observed in the 5' untranslated regions of the gene. two changes were obs ...	1988	3411300
cloning of the fusion gene of rinderpest virus: comparative sequence analysis with other morbilliviruses.	we have cloned the cdna of the fusion (f) gene of the virulent (kabete o) strain of rinderpest virus and provided a comparative analysis of its sequence with that of the f genes of measles and distemper viruses. the gene has an open reading frame of 2241 nucleotides with two potential initiation codons in-frame. use of the first atg would produce a polypeptide 747 amino acids long with a calculated molecular weight of 81,068. however, we suggest that the second atg is used to generate the fo pro ...	1988	3413983
cloning and sequence analysis of the hemagglutinin gene of the virulent strain of rinderpest virus.	we have cloned the cdna of the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of the virulent (kabete o) strain of rinderpest virus and produced a comparative analysis of its sequence with that of the ha genes of rinderpest (lapinized strain) and measles viruses. the gene has an open reading frame of 1827 nucleotides, and the derived protein is 609 amino acids long with a calculated molecular weight of 68,006. the kabete o ha polypeptide is identical in length to the ha of the lapinized strain of rinderpest virus and ...	1988	3413986
[electron microscopy study of the nucleocapsid structure of the measles virus isolated from cell cultures with primary and chronic infections].	electron microscopic examination of isolated intracellular measles virus nucleocapsids (nc) revealed a relationship between their structure, cell system, and the type of infection. acute virus infection of vero or japanese quail embryo cells gave rise to the formation of linear nc strands with regularly and tightly stacked turns. acutely infected l-41 or hep-2 cells contained heteromorphous viral nc populations which included both typical and loosely packed nc. persistently infected l-41 and hep ...	1988	3414068
salt-induced enhancement of measles virus yields in cultured cells.	supplementation of culture medium with mgso4 or na2so4 in millimolar concentrations caused an enhanced measles virus (mv) yield from cultured quail embryo cells. mgso4 at 25-50 mm concentrations exhibited the most pronounced and consistent stimulatory effect. mv infectivity increases ranged from 2- to 200-fold; the effect was highly reproducible for stationary monolayer, roller or microcarrier-grown cell culture types. mgso4 also improved mv plaque development and caused mv plaque size enlargeme ...	1988	3415478
protection of mice from fatal measles encephalitis by vaccination with vaccinia virus recombinants encoding either the hemagglutinin or the fusion protein.	vaccinia virus recombinants encoding the hemagglutinin or fusion protein of measles virus have been constructed. infection of cell cultures with the recombinants led to the synthesis of authentic measles proteins as judged by their electrophoretic mobility, recognition by antibodies, glycosylation, proteolytic cleavage, and presentation on the cell surface. mice vaccinated with a single dose of the recombinant encoding the hemagglutinin protein developed antibodies capable of both inhibiting hem ...	1988	3422488
bilayer stabilizing peptides and the inhibition of viral infection: antimeasles activity of carbobenzoxy-ser-leu-amide.	a number of carbobenzoxy-dipeptide-amides raise the bilayer to hexagonal phase transition temperature of dielaidoylphosphatidylethanolamine (stabilizes the bilayer). the potency of the peptides in stabilizing the bilayer phase is z-tyr-leu-nh2 = z-gly-phe-nh2 greater than z-ser-leu-nh2 greater than z-gly-leu-nh2 greater than z-gly-gly-nh2. a linear correlation was found between the respective hplc retention time parameter k' for the peptide and the slope of the bilayer stabilization curve determ ...	1987	3427222
in vitro cellular immune response to measles viral glycoproteins: role of the antigen vector.	the capacity of measles virus and haemagglutinin (ha) and fusion (f) glycoproteins, presented either as soluble antigens, associated with liposomes or as iscoms, to induce an in vitro primary and anamnestic cellular response was studied in syngeneic w/fu rats using the mtt colorimetric assay. a primary cellular response was observed when the virus, ha + f liposomes or ha + f iscoms were used as immunogens, but not when soluble ha + f glycoproteins were used. the irradiation of the naïve spleen c ...	1987	3428926
characterization of cloned measles virus mrnas by in vitro transcription, translation, and immunoprecipitation.	a cdna library was constructed from poly(a)+ rna prepared from vero cells infected with the edmonston strain of measles virus. clones corresponding to five major viral-specific transcripts were identified by northern blot hybridization analysis. probes prepared from these five clones detected an additional five minor viral rna transcripts. the sizes and hydridization patterns of these minor rna species are consistent with their being bicistronic transcripts arising from a viral genomic template ...	1987	3429193
psoriasis incidence research in young generation relating to vaccination against measles.		1986	3434478
rubella and measles antibodies in early pregnancy, at delivery and in cord blood. a comparison.		1987	3442438
[a study on measles control and eradication--a seroepidemiological survey report of measles at 21 spots of surveillance of the disease].		1987	3442790
molecular cloning of 99% of measles virus genome, positive identification of 5' end clones, and mapping of the l gene region.	molecular probes specific for paramyxovirus 3' and 5' end sequences are essential for studying viral transcription and replication and the role of defective interfering particles in these processes. we have constructed from measles virus genomic rna an ordered series of overlapping clones containing over 99% of measles virus genetic information. clones corresponding to the 3' and 5' ends of the genome were identified by means of a probe made from 'capped' genomic rna, and their location was conf ...	1987	3443536