Publications

the effects of changes of ph on intracellular calcium transients in mammalian cardiac muscle.	the calcium-sensitive photoprotein aequorin was micro-injected into cells of rat, ferret, rabbit and cat papillary muscles. aequorin light emission is a function of free intracellular calcium concentration. the changes in intracellular calcium concentration [( ca2+]i) and tension accompanying changes of ph have been studied. when the solution perfusing the papillary muscle was changed from tyrode solution equilibrated with 5% co2 to tyrode solution equilibrated with 15% co2, developed tension sh ...	1983	6410050
carbonic anhydrase activity of intact erythrocytes from seven mammals.	carbonic anhydrase activity of intact erythrocytes from seven mammalian species was determined at 25 degrees c, ph 7.4, by mass spectrometry using the 18o-exchange technique. the seven species were cavia porcellus, mustela putorius furo, felis domesticus, canis familiaris, homo sapiens, equus caballus, and bos taurus. carbonic anhydrase activities determined as a function of hemoglobin concentration (std kcat) for intact erythrocytes at ph 7.4 were not significantly different from those determin ...	1983	6415018
an immunohistochemical study of the middle ear muscles of some carnivores and primates, with special reference to the iim and slow-tonic fibre types.	the middle ear muscles of several species of carnivores (cat, dog, fox, ferret and stone-marten) and some new world monkeys (callithrix, saimiri) and old world monkeys (cercopithecus, macaca) were examined. the fibre type compositions of these muscles were determined by a combination of the standard histochemical myofibrillar atpase method, and immunohistochemical techniques using myosintype-specific antisera. immunohistochemically slow-tonic fibres were found in the stapedius muscles of only tw ...	1983	6415024
effect of exposure to long days on the secretion of oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone, testosterone, androstenedione, cortisol and follicle-stimulating hormone in intact and spayed ferrets.	the changes in concentration of plasma oestradiol, oestrone, progesterone, androstenedione, testosterone, cortisol and fsh were followed in intact female ferrets brought into oestrus by extension of the photoperiod from 8 to 16 h daily. an additional group of spayed females was similarly exposed to the extended photoperiod. there was no change in the blood oestrone, androstenedione and testosterone levels in the spayed females; the concentration of oestradiol, progesterone and fsh fell, while th ...	1983	6417256
study of prolactin levels in the ferret.	a radioimmunoassay for canine prolactin has been used to measure prolactin in the ferret. serial dilutions of extracts of ferret pituitary glands and of ferret plasma yielded curves that were parallel with the canine prolactin standard curve. the sensitivity, accuracy, reproducibility and precision of the assay were within acceptable limits. plasma prolactin levels increased after the administration of thyrotrophin releasing hormone (trh) or chlorpromazine, but not after giving luteinizing hormo ...	1983	6417258
half-life of fsh and lh in the ferret.	anoestrous and oestrous ferrets were injected with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (lrh) or a long-acting analogue and subsequently hypophysectomized. spayed ferrets were hypophysectomized without prior treatment with gonadotrophin releasing factor, and serial blood samples collected from all animals in order to follow the rate of decline in plasma gonadotrophin concentration. the half-life of lh in the spayed female (around 2 h) was much longer than that of the hormone released from the h ...	1984	6421040
in vitro activation of the promutagens 2-acetamidofluorene, cyclophosphamide and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene by constitutive ferret and rat hepatic s-9 fractions.	the ability of the ferret to metabolically activate promutagenic compounds was compared with that of the rat, using the salmonella/microsome assay. three compounds which require biotransformation to mutagenic metabolites, 2-acetamidofluorene (2-aaf), cyclophosphamide (cpa), and 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene (dmba), were studied. metabolic activation was provided by ferret or rat hepatic s-9 fractions at 5 levels for each chemical, and optimal s-9 levels as well as dose-response curves were obtaine ...	1984	6427977
cutaneous mastocytoma in a ferret.		1984	6432756
adenosine and hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation.	we have previously shown that after exposure to an inspired o2 tension less than 25 torr, isolated lungs perfused with autologous blood exhibit vasoconstriction followed by dilation. because adenosine has been implicated as a mediator of hypoxic vasodilation in the systemic circulation and because the concentration of adenosine in the lung has been shown to increase with hypoxia, we tested the hypothesis that adenosine is the mediator of hypoxic pulmonary vasodilation. we first confirmed that ad ...	1984	6437241
description of sarcocystis falcatula stiles, 1893, a parasite of birds and opossums.	sarcocystis falcatula stiles, 1893 is re-described. intermediate hosts of the parasite which was earlier described as sarcocystis debonei vogelsang, 1929 are species of passeriform, psittaciform, and columbiform birds. in these birds, muscle zoites are 6.88 x 2.19 (4.8-8.4 x 1.2-3.6) micron and are enclosed in a cyst wall with regular protrusions, 1-5 micron long. the convoluted primary wall has multiple thin areas in the osmiophilic layer. microtubules originate in the ground substance and exte ...	1984	6439855
preconditioning of trichinella spiralis nativa larvae in musculature to low temperatures.	preconditioning of a trichinella spiralis nativa isolate in ferret and fox musculature was carried out by freezing at -15 degrees c from 0 to 322 days prior to low temperature refrigeration at -32 degrees c. a limited number of preconditioned samples of infected fox musculature was also refrigerated at -45 degrees c. preconditioned larvae were appreciably more resistant than those subjected to the low temperatures directly. under the conditions of this investigation, the longer the period of pre ...	1984	6441341
oestrogen production by blastocyst and early embryonic tissue of various species.	oestrogen synthesis by the early embryo in vitro was studied with tissue from pigs, sheep, cows, roe deer, ferrets, cats, rabbits and a plains viscacha. definitive evidence for aromatase activity and oestrogen synthesis in preimplantation trophoblast was obtained for the pig with the formation of oestrone, oestradiol-17 beta and oestradiol-17 alpha from 3h-labelled androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone. aromatase activity was appreciably lower in all other species studied, and labelled oest ...	1980	6448924
mucosubstances in the colonic goblet cells of the ferret.	mucosubstances in the colonic goblet cells of the ferret (putorius [mustela] furo) were studied histochemically. they contained predominantly sulphated mucosubstances in the proximal colon and only sulphated mucosubstances in the distal colon. the sulphated mucosubstances were of weakly acidic nature. some deep cells and a few superficial cells in the proximal colon contained sialomucins which were sialidase-sensitive. neutral mucosubstances were not found in the colon.	1981	6455896
eeg and seizure threshold in normal and lissencephalic ferrets.	changes in eeg and susceptibility to electrically induced seizures were examined in the ferret with lissencephaly produced by exposure to a single injection of methylazoxymethanol acetate (mam ac) given to the pregnant jill on gestation day 32. ten lissencephalic and 11 normal ferrets were chronically implanted with 14 cortical stainless steel electrodes. eeg records were sampled from various stages of the sleep/awake cycle. six of each group were subjected to electrical stimulation for seizure ...	1984	6466999
hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction during steady and pulsatile flow in ferrets.	we examined the effects of hypoxia and pulsatile flow on the pressure-flow relationships in the isolated perfused lungs of fitch ferrets. when perfused by autologous blood from a pump providing a steady flow of 60 ml/min, the mean pulmonary arterial pressure rose from 14.6 to 31.3 torr when alveolar po2 was reduced from 122 to 46 torr. this hypoxic pressor response was characterized by a 10.1-torr increase in the pressure-axis intercept of the extrapolated pressure-flow curves and an increase in ...	1984	6469782
neural regulation of 35so4-macromolecule secretion from tracheal glands of ferrets.	our goal was to determine what nervous mechanisms mediate the secretion of macromolecules from tracheal submucosal glands of ferrets. to do this, we studied the secretion of 35so4-labeled macromolecules in vitro in response to electrical or pharmacological stimulation in the absence and presence of a specific nerve blocker and autonomic antagonists. we found that electrical field stimulation and the agonists acetylcholine, phenylephrine, terbutaline, and norepinephrine each cause secretion of ra ...	1984	6469816
mapping of cortical histogenesis in the ferret.	the columnar organization of forebrain cortical neuron production allows the neuroepithelium to be analysed in terms of a simple growth model. the pattern of neuron release within each column is repeated with great regularity across the surface of the developing cerebral hemisphere, resulting in the accumulation of cortical neurons in radial stacks above the proliferative ventricular epithelium. the time course of recruitment of adjacent tissue into neuron production accounts for the observed ro ...	1984	6470609
angiotensin ii does not inhibit vagally-induced bradycardia or gastric contractions in the anaesthetized ferret.	the effects of angiotensin ii (aii) and the analogue sar1-leu8-angiotensin ii on the changes in heart rate and gastric pressure induced by vagal stimulation were investigated in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret. aii at high doses (500 ng kg-1 i.v.) increased blood pressure and decreased gastric pressure whereas sar1-leu8-aii at the same dose had a much smaller effect on blood pressure and no effect on gastric pressure. intravenous injections or infusions of aii or its analogue did not alter the ...	1984	6478113
altered auditory brainstem evoked responses in the ferret model for reye's syndrome.	the effects of influenza b, aspirin and hyperammonemia on the functional integrity of the cochlea were examined using the ferret model for reye's syndrome. auditory brainstem evoked responses (abr) were recorded from treated ferrets and compared to those recorded from controls. delayed latencies of all waves, as well as increased i-iv interwave latencies were observed in recordings from treated ferrets. importantly, the latencies of wave i, nerve generator potential from the eighth nerve, and wa ...	1984	6480231
nitrate balance and biosynthesis in the ferret.	the net biosynthesis of nitrate in the ferret was demonstrated to be 8.89 to 10.3 mumol/kg bw/day. nitrate balance studies indicated that, because of metabolism, excretion of nitrate was lower than ingestion when oral doses were higher than 6.3 mumol/day. at nitrate ingestion levels of less than 6.3 mumol/day, excretion exceeded intake. studies with 15n-labeled nitrate indicated that only 36% of the oral dose was recoverable as [15n]nitrate from urine. oral doses of 15n-labeled ammonia resulted ...	1984	6485022
the role of lung development in the age-related susceptibility of ferrets to influenza virus.	newborn (i-day-old) ferrets died following intranasal inoculation of influenza virus (clone 7a) but suckling (15-day-old) ferrets were almost as resistant as adult ferrets. many of the deaths in newborn ferrets were consequent upon an increased lower respiratory tract infection. one reason for the latter was an increase in susceptibility of both ciliated epithelium and alveolar cells in newborn ferret lungs when compared with the corresponding cells in adult and suckling ferrets (coates et al. 1 ...	1984	6487534
coronary microangiography in the guinea pig, rabbit and ferret.	using improved methods, we have developed a microangiographic technique for studying the coronary circulation in langendorff perfused guinea pig, rabbit and ferret hearts. striking anatomical differences were observed between these species. in the guinea pig, the interventricular septum was supplied by a large septal artery which always arose from the right coronary artery, whereas in the rabbit and ferret, the septal artery was smaller and originated from the left coronary artery. the circumfle ...	1984	6490209
fetal alcohol syndrome in the ferret (mustela putorius).	gastric intubation of 1.5 g ethanol/kg maternal body weight produced a significant teratogenic response in ferrets (mustela putorius) treated once daily from gestational days 15 through 35. this response was evident by a rise in the frequency of fetuses with one or more malformations (21%), and by a rise in the frequency of litters with one or more malformed fetuses (50%). palatoschisis and greater relative intermedial canthi distance observed in this study are diagnostic features of the fetal a ...	1984	6495223
the effects of shortening on myoplasmic calcium concentration and on the action potential in mammalian ventricular muscle.	when cardiac muscle shortens during a contraction, the duration of mechanical activity is abbreviated (shortening deactivation), but the duration of the action potential is prolonged. neither of these phenomena is fully understood, but both may be related to changes in the myoplasmic free calcium concentration. in these experiments, isolated papillary muscles from cats and ferrets were allowed to contract under various mechanical conditions while myoplasmic calcium was monitored with aequorin, o ...	1984	6499137
effect of neonatal gonadectomy and administration of testosterone on coital masculinization in the ferret.	male ferrets castrated on postnatal day 5 displayed significantly lower levels of neck gripping, mounting, and pelvic thrusting behavior than groups of males castrated on postnatal days 20 or 35 when tested in adulthood after treatment with testosterone (t). administering a high dosage of t via sc silastic capsules to ovariectomized female ferrets over postnatal days 5-20 caused a significant enhancement of all three parameters of masculine coital behavior and ossification of clitorides, in comp ...	1984	6499776
the histology and ultrastructure of the meyers-kouwenaar body in ferrets infected with brugia malayi.	a study was made of the meyers-kouwenaar (mk) body in the livers of experimentally infected ferrets. meyers-kouwenaar bodies, the carcasses of microfilariae (mff) covered by deposits of splendore-hoeppli (sh) material, were found in small abscesses of eosinophils and in granulomas. the sh deposits varied from an eosinophilic, hyaline fringe around intact mff to multilayered deposits surrounding an unrecognizable granular remnant. in abscesses, peroxidase activity was intense in sh deposits and t ...	1984	6507726
choice of calcium salt. a comparison of the effects of calcium chloride and gluconate on plasma ionized calcium.	equimolar quantities of calcium chloride and calcium gluconate produced similar changes in plasma ionised calcium concentration when injected intravenously into anaesthetised ferrets or when added to human blood in vitro. in vivo changes were followed with a calcium electrode positioned in the animal's aorta, and this showed that the ionisation of calcium gluconate on its first pass through the circulation is as great as that of calcium chloride. this does not support the common suggestion that ...	1984	6507824
effects of influenza infection, aspirin, and an arginine-deficient diet on the inner ear in reye's syndrome.	the individual effects of an influenza b viral infection, aspirin, and an arginine-deficient diet on the inner ear were assessed in the ferret model for reye's syndrome using both functional and morphological parameters. auditory brainstem evoked responses recorded from inoculated ferrets revealed threshold elevations and increased latencies during the first 72 hours, but approximated those of control animals by 96 hours. although there was a mild distention of reissner's membrane, no pronounced ...	1984	6508126
the anatomy of the ferret paratracheal parasympathetic nerve-ganglion plexus.	silver-impregnated preparations of the ferret paratracheal nerve-ganglion plexus were studied for description and quantitation of the general morphology of ganglia and nerve bundles and trunks. most ganglia were found in one or two chains, separated by interganglionic nerve trunks, running the length of the trachea in close apposition to the trachealis muscle. ganglia were flat, one cell deep, and characterized by irregular spacing and small and variable numbers of perikarya. perifascicular, inf ...	1984	6510374
hormonal correlates of photoperiod-induced puberty in a reflex ovulator, the female ferret (mustela furo).	in an attempt to develop an animal model wherein the pubertal process could be initiated or accelerated by a readily controlled, noninvasive, external signal, this study examined sexual development of the female ferret, a photoperiodic, reflex ovulator. these animals exhibit signs of precocious sexual maturation within 6 wk of exposure to a stimulatory, long-day photoperiod at 15 wk of age. in the first study, females matured under a long-day stimulus were allowed to mate with a fertile male fer ...	1984	6518233
l-dopa and apomorphine disrupt long- but not short-behavioural chains.	apomorphine (0.01-0.5 mg/kg) disrupted fighting between two male ferrets. the number of bites and neck nuzzling were decreased dose-dependently. at 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg scent-marking and collateral behaviour were increased, at 0.5 mg/kg stereotyped sniffing was induced. l-dopa (120 mg/kg + 30 mg/kg benserazide) exerted similar effects to apomorphine 0.05 mg/kg. thus, the dopamine (da) agonists increased short chain responses but disrupted long ones. haloperidol (0.2 mg/kg) facilitated inter-male f ...	1984	6522487
comparison of monoclonal antibodies with ferret sera for the characterization of influenza a (h3n2) virus strains in a computer system.	a panel of murine monoclonal antibodies was generated against five different influenza a (h3n2) virus strains, isolated between 1977 and 1980. monoclonal antibodies with defined specificities in haemagglutination inhibition tests for the strains against which they had been raised were selected. eventually 18 of these were chosen and tested against a large number of recent h3n2 isolates. the results were compared with those obtained with antisera from ferrets immunized with the five strains menti ...	1984	6526140
mucormycotic meningoencephalitis in a ferret (case report).		1984	6527482
histology of the ferret retina.	the retina of the adult ferret, mustelo furo, was studied with light and transmission electron microscopy to provide an anatomical basis for use of the ferret as a model for retinal research. the pigment epithelium is a simple cuboidal layer of cells characterized by a zone of basal folds, apical microvilli, and pigment granules at various stages of maturation. the distinction between rod and cone photoreceptor cells is based on their location, morphology, heterochromatin pattern and the electro ...	1984	6529018
effects of dietary hexachlorobenzene exposure on regional brain biogenic amine concentrations in mink and european ferrets.	in the initial trial, adult mink and ferrets were administered hexachlorobenzene (hcb) via the feed at concentrations of 1, 5, or 25 ppm for 47 wk. animals receiving 125 and 625 ppm hcb in the diet died before termination of the experiment, with female ferrets at the 125 ppm level displaying abnormal aggressiveness and hyperexcitability just prior to death. hypothalamic serotonin (5-ht) was significantly elevated at all dose levels in mink, and cerebellar 5-ht was significantly elevated at 1 ppm ...	1984	6542146
adrenergic and cholinergic receptors in submucosal glands of the ferret trachea: autoradiographic localization.		1983	6578099
does almitrine bismesylate improve v/q matching? an animal study.	pulmonary vascular actions of almitrine bismesylate were studied in ferrets, rats, cats and dogs in conditions which simulated those of patients with hypoxic lung disease. all or part of a lung was made hypoxic or hypoventilated so that affected vessels were constricted. rats were made chronically hypoxic (10%, o2, normobaric chamber). in vivo and isolated preparations were used. in all preparations and species almitrine bismesylate caused vasoconstriction in normoxia, constriction followed by d ...	1983	6586435
periapical response to apical plugs of dentin and calcium hydroxide in ferret canines.		1984	6586964
analysis of antigenic variation in equine 2 influenza a viruses.	influenza outbreaks involving viruses of the h3n8 subtype (equine 2) often occur in vaccinated horses. for this reason, a series of influenza viruses of the h3n8 subtype were examined to determine if antigenic variation could be detected in isolates during the period 1963-81. antigenic analyses with post-infection ferret sera and monoclonal antibodies showed that the haemagglutinins of recent isolates were antigenically distinguishable from the prototype a/eq/miami/1/63 and that antigenically di ...	1983	6601538
the utilization of exogenous taurine for the conjugation of xenobiotic acids in the ferret.	although the occurrence of the taurine conjugation mechanism for various xenobiotic acids is well established, nothing is known of the source of the taurine used for this conjugation. [14c]taurine was administered alone and in combination with 2-naphthylacetic acid or clofibric acid (both of which are known to form taurine conjugates) to to ferrets, and the 0--24 h urine collected. of the dose of [14c]taurine, 26% was recovered in the urine in 24 h and the only 14c-containing material present wa ...	1983	6613158
free fatty acids in an animal model of reye's syndrome.	recent studies have indicated that viral infections, aspirin treatment and hyperammonemia are associated with reye's syndrome. it has also been reported that free fatty acids in serum and total lipids in the liver of reye's syndrome patients are elevated during illness. the role of the lipid changes in the development of the disorder cannot be optimally studied in human patients, because infection and aspirin ingestion occur prior to the earliest symptoms of reye's syndrome. effects of influenza ...	1983	6615853
on and off sublaminae in the lateral geniculate nucleus of the ferret.	like the retinal ganglion cells from which they receive their input, most relay neurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus have on- or off-center receptive fields with antagonistic surrounds. in the cat, neurons with these two types of receptive fields are anatomically intermingled, even though the on and off systems are functionally segregated. in the ferret, there is a sublamination of the retinal input to lateral geniculate nucleus laminae a and a1. we have investigated the function of this su ...	1983	6619918
sodium and potassium transport in ferret red cells.	potassium movements into ferret red cells were measured with the tracer 86rb. equilibration of 86rb between medium and cells could be resolved into two components. 70-90% occurred rapidly with a rate constant of between 3.5-5.5 h-1. the remaining 10-30% occurred slowly. the slow movement was equivalent to a potassium influx of about 1.2-2.76 mmol l-1 cell h-1. potassium influx was inhibited by 80-90% by 0.1 mm-bumetanide (a high-ceiling, loop diuretic). this suggests that the sodium-potassium co ...	1983	6620190
onset of relaxation in cardiac muscle segments.	the onset of relaxation has been studied in undamaged central segments of isolated ferret papillary muscles at 27 degrees c, 12 beats/min. a technique that provides a signal proportional to the length of a chosen segment was used to assess segment velocity and length. feedback control was employed to obtain segment isometric contractions. at a variety of times during segment isometric twitches, rapid load clamps were imposed using a range of loads from resting force to greater than half peak dev ...	1983	6624929
the role of naturally-acquired bacterial infection in influenza-related death in neonatal ferrets.	concomitant, naturally-acquired bacterial infection was the cause of some deaths occurring in neonatal ferrets infected with the attenuated influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34, these being prevented by antibiotic therapy. bacterial infection played an insignificant role in the greater number of deaths following inoculation with the virulent clone 7a (of the recombinant influenza virus a/puerto rico/8/34-a/england/939/69/(h3n2]. as seen previously with clone 7a some ferret neonates infected with a ...	1983	6639875
drug effects on afterdischarge and seizure threshold in lissencephalic ferrets: an epilepsy model for drug evaluation.	in normal and lissencephalic ferrets with chronically implanted electrodes, two antiepileptic drugs, (e)-2-[(amino)phenylmethylen]-benzo [b] thiophen-3(2h)-on (af-cx 921 xx) and carbamazepine (cbz), were compared. the variables included afterdischarges (ad) and seizures induced by cortical electrical stimulations (es). both drugs were given orally, 100 mg/kg of pure substance. es was applied before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 24 h after drug administration. lissencephaly was produced by a single intr ...	1983	6641645
antigenic analysis of h1n1 viruses isolated in the houston metropolitan area during four successive seasons.	we evaluated the antigenic stability of viruses within the h1n1 subtype, using 307 isolates spanning four winter seasons. the isolates from each seasonal period appeared relatively homogenous in hemagglutination inhibition tests employing ferret antisera. however, a panel of seven monoclonal antibodies to a/ussr/90/77 detected extensive micro-heterogeneity. antigenic variation occurred in the hemagglutinin antigen within a few weeks after the initial appearance of a/ussr/90/77-like strains in 19 ...	1983	6642637
sodium/calcium exchange in mammalian ventricular muscle: a study with sodium-sensitive micro-electrodes.	a method for mounting and rapidly perfusing small ventricular trabeculae (diameter around 250 micron) from either ferret or guinea-pig is described. tension, membrane potential (em) and intracellular na activity (aina) were measured. aina was measured using na-sensitive micro-electrodes. at room temperature (22-26 degrees c), [na]o 155 mmol/l and [ca]o 5.4 mmol/l, aina was 10.9 mmol/l +/- s.d. 4.2 mmol/l (n = 148). when [na]o was reduced from 155 to 1.5 mmol/l contractures developed. these were ...	1983	6644617
characterization of an influenza a host range mutant.	a mixed infection of primary chick kidney cells at 38 degrees with a/ann arbor/6/60 cold adapted virus and a/alaska/6/77 wt virus yielded a cold-reassortant virus, cr43-clone 3, which had a host range different from that of either parent. it does not produce detectable virus when grown in madin-darby canine kidney cells, while growing normally in primary chick kidney cells at 33 degrees. both parents, however, grow well in either cell type at 33 degrees c. genotypic analysis of viral rna electro ...	1983	6649412
action of almitrine on the pulmonary vasculature in ferrets and rats.	the action of almitrine on pulmonary vessels was studied under constant ventilation during normoxia and hypoxia. we used ferrets, in which one lobe of lung was perfused with venous blood at constant flow rate in vivo and isolated lungs perfused with blood at constant flow in both ferrets and normal and chronically hypoxic (three weeks in 10% o2) rats. almitrine caused constriction of the relaxed vessels of normoxic lung. during hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction, when pulmonary artery pressure ( ...	1983	6652258
[epizootic swine influenza on animal farms in brittany].	since 1976, seroepidemiological surveys using radial haemolysis and isolation trials from samples collected from pigs at the abattoir showed that brittany was an important reservoir of swine subclinical infections due to the human influenza a viruses h3n2. influenza a h1sw n1sw subclinical infections sporadically occurred from 1979 to 1981. in january 1982 an epizootic started in finistère which spread from west to east. the h1sw and n1sw antigens of 28 stains isolated from 1979 to 1982 were stu ...	1983	6658105
the effects of low sodium solutions on intracellular calcium concentration and tension in ferret ventricular muscle.	papillary muscles from the right ventricles of ferrets were micro-injected with the photoprotein aequorin. both tension and the light emitted by the aequorin, which is a measure of the free intracellular ca concentration [( ca2+]i), were monitored. exposure of the papillary muscle to a solution in which all the na had been replaced by k (0 na(k) solution) resulted in an increase in tension which subsequently slowly decreased. this contracture was associated with a large increase in [ca2+]i follo ...	1983	6663506
vagal influences on the jejunal 'minute rhythm' in the anaesthetized ferret.	spontaneous jejunal motility in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret shows a cyclical pattern of contraction bursts alternating with quiescent periods described as 'minute rhythm' in conscious animals. cooling the cervical vagi to below 4 degrees c or acute vagotomy abolished this pattern of motility. on re-warming the vagi there was a return to cyclical motility after a latency which depended upon the contractile state at the time vagal conduction was restored. electrical vagal stimulation produce ...	1983	6663513
the founding of a cancer registry in a developing country.	the netherlands antilles is among the less developed countries lacking data on incidence and distribution of cancer. therefore, a retrospective case-finding survey was started in 1977 to retrieve all cases of cancer occurring in the period 1968-1977, simultaneously initiating a regular continuous registry for newly occurring cancers. the survey consisted of five phases, designed to ferret out cases from pathology and hospital files, out-patient files, and other sources, and to systematically che ...	1983	6668638
defensive respiratory reflexes in ferrets.		1983	6682239
estrogen-induced bone marrow depression in ferrets.	the administration of estrogen-induced severe bone marrow depression in 9 of 12 ferrets, independent of sex (male, female) or ovariohysterectomy. resultant pancytopenia was manifested by subcutaneous petechiae, melena, hematomyelia, pale mucous membranes, pale bone marrow, centrilobular hepatic degeneration, hydrometra, and pyometra. these findings are compatible with the naturally occurring estrus-associated anemia seen in female ferrets.	1983	6683476
plasma concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone during perinatal development in male and female ferrets.	the concentrations of oestradiol and oestrone in peripheral plasma of male and female ferrets 5 days before and 7, 15 and 30 days after birth were measured. both steroids were present in high concentrations prenatally. much lower levels were found in samples collected on day 7 and later, when the concentrations were similar to those of adult gonadectomized animals. no significant sex difference was seen for the concentration of either steroid at any age studied. these results, and those previous ...	1984	6693827
effects of diltiazem on transmembrane potential and current of right ventricular papillary muscle of ferrets.	we studied the effects of diltiazem on electrical properties of isolated ferret right ventricular papillary muscles. by using standard microelectrode recording techniques and current clamp and voltage clamp protocols (single sucrose gap method), we measured action potential variables, depolarization-induced automaticity, slow (or second) inward current (isi) and time-dependent and isochronal (1 sec) outward current. resting potential was unaffected at all concentrations studied (from 2 nm-11 mic ...	1984	6694106
a genetic and monoclonal analysis of high-yielding reassortants of influenza a virus used for human vaccines.	this paper describes two methods of analysis using monoclonal antibodies and rna hybridization to characterize variation in the haemagglutinins of seven high-yielding influenza virus reassortants used for inactivated vaccine production. the results show that variants' were selected in producing these genetic reassortants. the haemagglutinins of two reassortants showed both antigenic and structural differences from their wild-type (wt) parents as detected by the two methods of analysis. these var ...	1984	6699022
muscarinic receptors: evidence for a nonuniform distribution in tracheal smooth muscle and exocrine glands.	muscarinic receptor distribution in smooth muscle, exocrine glands, and epithelium of the ferret trachea was determined using [3h]propylbenzilylcholine mustard ([3h]prbcm) binding and autoradiography. specific, atropine-sensitive [3h]prbcm binding was quantified autoradiographically in the trachealis muscle (approximately 21 binding sites/microns2), surface epithelium (approximately 6 binding sites/microns2), and submucosal glands (approximately 5 binding sites/microns2). serous and mucous cells ...	1984	6699685
dirofilaria immitis infection in three ferrets.		1984	6706805
an investigation of antigenic drift of neuraminidases of influenza a (h1n1) viruses.	a newly developed lectin neuraminidase test (lnt) and a panel of mouse monoclonal and post-infection ferret antibodies have been used to analyse antigenic drift in n1 neuraminidases of influenza a viruses isolated between 1933 and 1957 and also between 1977 and 1980. significant antigenic differences were detected among the 'early' (1933-57) viruses since the na of viruses isolated one year apart could be distinguished serologically. the na of the 're-emerged' virus a/ussr/92/77 (h1n1) was antig ...	1984	6707471
calcium-dependent mechanical oscillations occur spontaneously in unstimulated mammalian cardiac tissues.	in quiescent rat ventricular myocardium, bathed in solution of 2 mm ca++ or less, it has been previously demonstrated that spontaneous microscopic oscillatory cell motion is present and interacts with an incident laser beam to produce scattered light intensity fluctuations which can be monitored to quantify the underlying motion. the present study shows that scattered light intensity fluctuations are not present under any conditions in frog atrial or ventricular preparations, but do occur in eac ...	1984	6713605
vagal control of colonic motility in the anaesthetized ferret: evidence for a non-cholinergic excitatory innervation.	spontaneous colonic motility in the urethane-anaesthetized ferret consists of two distinct types of contraction which correspond to the patterns recorded myoelectrically in conscious animals. this motility was abolished or greatly reduced when nervous conduction was prevented in the cervical vagi by cooling to below 4 degrees c. on rewarming the nerves the colonic motility returned, after a short latency, to the pre-cool level. atropine transiently abolished colonic motility. on its return the m ...	1984	6716289
control of intracellular ionized calcium concentration by sarcolemmal and intracellular mechanisms.	the regulation of the resting intracellular ionized calcium concentration [( ca2+]i) has been studied in ferret papillary muscle using the photoprotein aequorin to measure [ca2+]i. elevating [ca2+]o produced an initial rapid increase of [ca2+]i and tension which then decayed to a steady level. this secondary fall of [ca2+]i is attributed to a secondary decrease of ca entry on na-ca exchange produced by the known fall of [na+]i. replacing external na by k produced a large transient increase of bo ...	1984	6716490
comparison of subcutaneous and intramuscular administration of a live attenuated distemper virus vaccine in ferrets.		1984	6719805
electrical and anatomic characteristics of cells of ferret paratracheal ganglion.	a preparation has been developed for study of the electrical properties of the neurons of the ferret paratracheal ganglia. two cell types were identified. ah cells were characterized by the presence of a single action potential in response to cathodal current pulses, followed by a profound after hyperpolarization that lasted for several hundred milliseconds. electrical stimulation of branches of the laryngeal nerves produced a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (epsp) that was often followed ...	1984	6720937
neural coordination of excitation of ferret trachealis muscle.	the distribution of junction potentials and synaptic potentials to muscle cells and ganglion cells in the ferret trachealis muscle-nerve plexus preparation was studied with local electrical stimulation of branches of the laryngeal nerve or the interganglionic nerve trunk. stimulations evoked excitatory junction potentials in muscle cells and fast excitatory postsynaptic potentials in ganglion (ah) cells located throughout the preparation, regardless of the location of the stimulating electrode. ...	1984	6720938
differential replication of attenuated and virulent influenza viruses in organ cultures of ferret bronchial epithelium. brief report.	in contrast to its abundant replication in ferret nasal epithelium in vivo and in vitro, comparable to that of the virulent strains, the attenuated influenza virus a/pr/8/34 produced much lower yields than the virulent strains in organ cultures of bronchial epithelium agreeing with its relative inability to infect the lower respiratory tract of ferrets. the replication of another attenuated strain showed different temperature characteristics in bronchial epithelium to that in nasal turbinate epi ...	1984	6721679
tapetum lucidum in the pigmented and albino ferret.	light and electron microscopy showed that the tapetum lucidum in the pigmented ferret is morphologically indistinguishable from that in the albino ferret. the matrix of the rods of the tapetal cells was strongly osmiophilic, but glutaraldehyde fixation before osmium tetroxide treatment caused a dissolution of the matrix material. it has been proposed that the tapetal cells are modified melanocytes and that the tapetal rods are composed of melanin, but it can be concluded from our data that the m ...	1984	6723811
meningeal cryptococcosis and congestive cardiomyopathy in a ferret.		1984	6725123
retro-orbital technique for blood collection from the ferret (mustela putorius furo).	blood samples were obtained from anesthetized ferrets of various ages, by venipuncture of the retro-orbital plexus with a heparinized capillary pipette. it is recommended that a cumulative collection of 20% of total blood volume not be exceeded for any two week period. this technique, when carefully performed on alternate orbits and at a frequency dictated by body weight and volume of blood needed, has been used repeatedly for months without apparent harm or distress to the animal.	1984	6727294
a chemical procedure for loading the calcium indicator acquorin into mammalian working myocardium.	the bioluminescent calcium indicator aequorin was successfully loaded into mammalian working myocardium of ferrets by a chemical procedure which makes the cells reversibly hyperpermeable through exposure to ethylenebis-( oxyethylenenitrilo ) tetraacetic acid (egta). after undergoing the loading procedure, developed tension at lmax was 103 +/- 26% of the control, which indicates that the muscles regained normal function. the configurations of the aequorin signals (i.e., calcium transients) and th ...	1984	6728654
lymphocytic leukemia in a ferret (mustela furo).		1984	6730228
neurological syndrome in the ferret (mustela putorius furo).		1984	6730270
role of lipoproteins and prolactin in luteal function in the ferret.	this study investigated luteal function in vitro during early pregnancy and pseudopregnancy in the ferret. corpora lutea taken from animals on day 13 following the ovulatory stimulus (mating or gonadotropin treatment) were dissociated with collagenase and incubated with ovine prolactin (prl), ovine luteinizing hormone (lh), total lipoprotein fraction from canine serum, canine high-density lipoproteins (hdl), canine low-density lipoproteins (ldl) or combinations of prl, lh, hdl, and ldl. total li ...	1984	6733208
a procedure for descenting ferrets.		1984	6738516
the dependence of force and velocity on calcium and length in cardiac muscle segments.	the segment length (sl) dependence of force (f) and light load shortening velocity (vl) was determined for central segments of ferret papillary muscles at different extracellular calcium concentrations. muscles were maintained at 27 degrees c in a physiological solution which contained in mm: nacl 140; kcl 5.0; mgso4 1.0; nah2po4 1.0; acetate 20; the ph was 7.4. calcium concentrations were 1.125, 2.25, 4.5 and 9.0 mm. total force-segment length relations were determined from both muscle length i ...	1984	6741718
inner ear changes in the ferret model for reye's syndrome.	the acute effects of influenza b, aspirin, and hyperammonemia on the inner ear were examined using the ferret model for reye's syndrome. histopathologic examination revealed varying degrees of vacuolization in both the sensory and nonsensory endolymphatic tissues of the cochlear and vestibular membranous labyrinth. the secretory epithelial cells of the stria vascularis and the vestibular dark cells appeared to be more severely affected, as demonstrated by the presence of an extensive number of i ...	1984	6742340
effects of chronic dietary hexachlorobenzene exposure on the reproductive performance and survivability of mink and european ferrets.		1984	6742893
role of maternal immunity in the protection of newborn ferrets against infection with a virulent influenza virus.	intranasal infection of newborn ferrets with a virulent strain of influenza virus invariably resulted in their deaths following virus replication to high titre in both lung and nasal turbinates (collie et al., 1980). however, a similar challenge of newborn ferrets born to mothers immunized by infection with virulent or attenuated viruses resulted in complete protection; no virus replicated in their lungs and little or no virus was isolated from their nasal turbinates. protection appeared to be a ...	1984	6745992
factors influencing free intracellular calcium concentration in quiescent ferret ventricular muscle.	the photoprotein aequorin was injected into cells of ferret papillary muscles to monitor the resting intracellular free ca concentration [( ca2+]i). increasing the external ca concentration [( ca2+]o) increased both resting [ca2+]i and resting tension. the tension and [ca2+]i both rose to a peak and then declined to a steady-state level which was higher than the control. qualitatively similar, but larger, effects were observed if [ca2+]i was first elevated with strophanthidin. the increase of [c ...	1984	6747860
stimulus-specific patterns of intracellular calcium levels in smooth muscle of ferret portal vein.	aequorin was loaded into cells of the ferret portal vein in order to follow intracellular ca2+ levels during smooth muscle contraction. in response to a single d.c. pulse, the aequorin signal reaches a peak during the rising phase of the evoked force transient and begins to rapidly fall while force is still rising. in response to the addition of phenylephrine to the bathing solution, the aequorin signal rises rapidly to a peak while force is still rising but then falls rapidly to a lower level f ...	1984	6747864
interactions between splanchnic and vagus nerves in the control of mean intragastric pressure in the ferret.	to determine whether splanchnic nerves relax the stomach by direct or indirect mechanisms, ramp inflations of the stomach, section and electrical stimulation of the vagus and greater splanchnic nerves, and step inflations of the duodenum were used. a high threshold, sustained inhibition of the gastric pressure response to ramp inflation was mediated by the vagus. prior splanchnectomy increased vagal inhibition. the greater splanchnic nerves had no effect on gastric responses to inflation, althou ...	1984	6747874
characterization of oscillations of intracellular calcium concentration in ferret ventricular muscle.	the photoprotein aequorin was injected into superficial cells of ferret papillary muscles. tension and aequorin light (a function of intracellular [ca2+]) were monitored. increasing intracellular ca concentration ([ca2+]i), either by decreasing extracellular na, or by inhibiting the na pump with strophanthidin, produced spontaneous oscillations of [ca2+]i and tension. fourier analysis showed that these oscillations had frequencies of up to 3-4 hz. if the muscle was stimulated in these conditions ...	1984	6747885
vago-vagal reflexes to the colon of the anaesthetized ferret.	electrical stimulation of the central end of the vagal communicating branch in the thorax at frequencies between 2 and 20 hz elicited, after a latency of 7.2 +/- 0.8 s, large-amplitude colonic contractions. 5 hz stimulation gave near maximal contractions and, because vomiting was more likely to occur at higher stimulus frequencies, was used as the standard stimulus for subsequent experiments. at this frequency the peak colonic contraction was 6.5 +/- 0.9 kpa. following atropine the characteristi ...	1984	6747895
a spectrum of immune responses and pathological conditions between certain animal species to experimental mycobacterium bovis infection.	guinea-pigs, rabbits, rats, ferrets and hedgehogs were infected with a recent field isolate of mycobacterium bovis. the cell-mediated and antibody responses were studied up to 8 weeks after infection at which time the animals were killed and pathological, histological and bacteriological examinations were carried out. guinea-pigs and rabbits produced an intense cell-mediated response and strong tissue reactions around the lesions. this appears, in part, to be responsible for the susceptibility o ...	1982	6756462
inhibition of ciliary activity in organ cultures of ferret trachea in reference to genetic and biological characters in influenza virus strains.	as reported previously, attenuated stable inhibitor-resistant influenza viruses can be screened by a 50% ciliary activity inhibition test in ferret tracheal organ cultures. this test was further applied to a 5 attenuated cold-adapted influenza strains and to 11 strains with known a percentage of rna-rna hybridization with the parental a/pr/8/34 (hon1) virus strain. again, with one exception, attenuated strains could be clearly differentiated from virulent ones. it was concluded that virulence of ...	1982	6756625
adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to tracheal cells injured by influenza infection or by endotracheal intubation.	adherence of pseudomonas aeruginosa to normal, injured, and regenerating tracheal mucosa was examined by scanning electron microscopy. uninfected and influenza-infected murine tracheas were exposed to six strains of p. aeruginosa isolated from human sources and one strain of platn origin. all of the strains tested adhered to desquamating cells of the infected tracheas, but not to normal mucosa, the basal cell layer, or the regenerating epithelium. adherence increased when the incubation time of ...	1980	6769805
absence of m protein in a cell-associated subacute sclerosing panencephalitis virus.	measles virus has been suggested to cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (sspe), a slow central nervous system disease of children. however, several questions remain about the pathogenesis of sspe. for example, it is not known whether alteration of the measles virus genome has a role in the initiation and persistence of the disease. several studies have compared the rna and protein composition of wild-type (wt) and sspe strains of measles virus in a search for markers characteristic of the ...	1980	6772958
polychlorinated biphenyls (aroclors 1016 and 1242): effects on survival and reproduction in mink and ferrets.	diets that contained various levels of supplemental aroclor 1242 or aroclor 1016 were fed to mink and ferrets to investigate the chronic toxicity of these pcbs in two closely related species. in mink, aroclor 1242 was found to be more toxic than comparable or higher levels of aroclor 1016. the aroclor 1242 diets caused complete reproductive failure at levels as low as five ppm of the diet. aroclor 1016 impaired reproduction less than aroclor 1242. although fewer females whelped and the four-week ...	1980	6776911
acute effects of hypothalamic lesions upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret.	the changes in fsh and lh secretion after placement of lesions in the hypothalamus were traced in ferrets serially bled at 15 min intervals. passage of the lesioning current through platinum electrodes in anoestrous females was associated with an immediate surge in lh and fsh output. damage to the hypothalamus of oestrous females also caused an immediate surge of lh secretion, but then a long-lasting second rise in blood lh content set in. high concentrations of lh were never sustained overnight ...	1981	6788875
repetitive treatment with gonadotrophin releasing factor or a long-acting analogue upon gonadotrophin secretion in the ferret.	the changes in plasma levels of lh and fsh were examined after treatment of intact and ovariectomized females ferrets with a long-acting analogue of gonadotrophin releasing factor (gn-rf) (d-ser(but)6-lh-releasing hormone (1-9)-nonapeptide ethylamide; hoe 766) either as a single intravenous injection or daily for 6 days. the responses were compared with those induced by daily injections of gn-rf or 0.9% nacl (w/v). treatment with gn-rf consistently induced rises in both lh and fsh release with p ...	1981	6790650
changes in fsh and lh secretion in the ferret associated with the induction of ovulation by copper acetate.		1981	6793104
lymphocyte subpopulations in the ferret.		1981	6797850
effect of passive immunization against lh-rh on gonadotropin secretion in the ferret.	administration of ovine antiserum containing antibodies against synthetic lh-rh to spayed female ferrets caused an immediate fall in plasma lh concentration and by 2 h after injection circulating levels had declined by 70--80%. a further decline of 50% was observed on day 2, but by day 4 a return to normal levels had begun and control values were regained on day 6. in contrast, the fall in plasma fsh concentration was delayed, with a significant reduction being first observed on day 2 and minima ...	1982	6798210
excessive nail growth in the european ferret induced by aroclor 1242.		1982	6808932
polychlorinated biphenyls (aroclors 1016 and 1242): effect on hepatic microsomal mixed function oxidases in mink and ferrets.		1982	6808933
catecholamines in the carotid body of several mammalian species: effects of surgical and chemical sympathectomy.	the catecholamine content of the carotid body of several mammalian species has been assayed using high performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrochemical detection and radioenzymatic assays. although there were strain differences in the content of catecholamines in the carotid body of the rat, noradrenaline was equal to or exceeded the dopamine level in this species. no apparent differences were found in carotid bodies of animals killed by cervical dislocation or those dissected from a ...	1982	6817847
free magnesium in sheep, ferret and frog striated muscle at rest measured with ion-selective micro-electrodes.	1. neutral carrier-based liquid membrane micro-electrodes were constructed which are suitable for continuous measurements of [mg(2+)](i) in cardiac and skeletal muscle preparations.2. the electrodes show a nernstian behaviour in pure mgcl(2) solutions. in the presence of a constant ionic background chosen to simulate the cytoplasmic composition, the calibration function flattens progressively with lower [mg(2+)], due to the interference of k(+) and na(+). the response to changes in [mg(2+)] is l ...	1982	6820662