Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| wuchereria bancrofti in a community with seasonal transmission: stability of microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody concentrations. | the effect of seasonal transmission on microfilaraemia, antigenaemia and filarial-specific antibody levels in individuals infected with wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in a follow-up study in an endemic community in north-eastern tanzania. the subjects were 37 adult male residents who were found to be positive for circulating filarial antigen (cfa) at the beginning of the study (26 of whom were also found microfilaraemic with w. bancrofti at this time). blood samples were collected from ea ... | 2001 | 11339885 |
| epidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in three suburban areas of matara, sri lanka. | the epidemiological parameters of bancroftian filariasis were investigated in three suburbs of matara, within the south-western coastal belt of sri lanka where the disease is endemic. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia and the geometric mean density of the microfilaraemias observed were 4.4% and 20.6 microfilariae/60 microl fingerprick blood, respectively. prevalence was significantly lower in the female subjects than in the male, and in males aged < 20 years than in older males. overall, ... | 2001 | 11339886 |
| filariasis as a cause of pleural effusion. | filariasis, a mosquito borne disease is endemic in many tropical countries and sub tropics including india. a 44 years old male presented with signs and symptoms of pleural effusion. pleural fluid on examination was exdudative in nature and showed presence of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | 2000 | 11344622 |
| antibody responses of wuchereria bancrofti patients to recombinant brugia pahangi superoxide dismutase. | lymphatic filarial parasite brugia malayi contains significant amount of cu/zn superoxide dismutase (sod) activity in the extract of different life stages and in the excretory-secretory product of adults. in the present study recombinant sod from b. pahangi has been used to see the antibody response in wuchereria bancrofti infected patients. the recombinant sod from b. pahangi reacted specifically with w. bancrofti infected sera in elisa and immunoblotting. the reactivity of igm subclass was mor ... | 2001 | 11349523 |
| transmission efficiency of culex quinquefasciatus and aedes aegypti to wuchereria bancrofti infection: an experimental study. | present study was undertaken to evaluate the suitability of natural (culex quinquefasciatus) and experimental (aedes aegypti) vectors for supporting the development of w. bancrofti larvae for onward transmission. both the species permitted development of w. bancrofti mf to infective larvae (l3) within 11 to 13 days. the mf intake by both the species of mosquitoes was directly related to mf density in donor's blood. culex exhibited higher l3 recovery than aedes. in aedes maximum percent l3 develo ... | 2001 | 11349538 |
| lymphatic filariasis in uganda: baseline investigations in lira, soroti and katakwi districts. | baseline epidemiological investigations on lymphatic filariasis were conducted for the first time in uganda in 3 communities in the districts of lira (alebtong area), soroti (lwala area) and katakwi (obalanga area), located to the north of lake kyoga at an altitude of 1000-1100 m above sea level. individuals from the communities were examined, in april-august 1998, for wuchereria bancrofti specific circulating antigen (by ict card test), microfilaraemia (by counting chamber and stained blood-sme ... | 2001 | 11355548 |
| a simple and inexpensive dot-blot assay, using a 66-kda brugia malayi microfilarial protein antigen, for diagnosis of bancroftian filarial infection in an endemic area. | 2001 | 11355549 | |
| human bancroftian filariasis - a role for antibodies to parasite carbohydrates. | studies on immune responses to parasites have been undertaken in filariasis with a view to understand protective immunity, pathogenesis of the disease process and mechanisms of immune deviation. however none of the investigations conducted so far on antibody responses have addressed the issue of immunogenicity of filarial carbohydrate antigens in human lymphatic filariasis. in this communication we report details on relative protein and carbohydrate contents of various developmental stages of fi ... | 2001 | 11359442 |
| in wuchereria bancrofti filariasis, asymptomatic microfilaraemia does not progress to amicrofilaraemic lymphatic disease. | in lymphatic filariasis due to wuchereria bancrofti infections, the relationship between the natural course of infection and development of clinical disease remains controversial. the two hypotheses that are widely considered are (1) microfilaraemia represents an early stage of infection which progresses to amicrofilaraemic clinical disease and (2) microfilaraemia and clinical disease are two sequentially unrelated independent entities of the filarial infection and disease. aim to determine whet ... | 2001 | 11369749 |
| trans-spliced leader rna, 5s-rrna genes and novel variant orphan spliced-leader of the lymphatic filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti, and a sensitive polymerase chain reaction based detection assay. | a genomic library of wuchereria bancrofti was examined for the presence of the 22 nucleotide spliced leader (sl) which plays a vital role in the maturation of the 5' end of certain mrnas through the addition of a small spliced leader (sl) exon and also in the generation of monocistronic mrna from initial polycistronic transcripts in nematodes. here, we report the characterization of three sl rna genes (slg1, slg2 and slg3), an internal copy of a novel variant sl1 sequence (sl1v) with 23 nucleoti ... | 2001 | 11376950 |
| ivermectin: effectiveness in lymphatic filariasis. | this detailed review of the published studies underlying ivermectin's recent registration for use in lymphatic filariasis (lf) demonstrates the drug's single-dose efficacy (over the range of 20-400 microg/kg) in clearing microfilaraemia associated with both wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi infections of humans. while doses as low as 20 microg/kg could effect transient microfilarial (mf) clearance, higher dosages induced greater and more sustained mf reduction. the single dose of 400 microg ... | 2000 | 11386685 |
| an analysis of the safety of the single dose, two drug regimens used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. | this review of the safety of the co-administration regimens to be used in programmes to eliminate lymphatic filariasis (albendazole + ivermectin or albendazole + diethylcarbamazine [dec]) is based on 17 studies conducted in sri lanka, india, haiti, ghana, tanzania, kenya, ecuador, the philippines, gabon, papua new guinea, and bangladesh. the total data set comprises 90,635 subject exposures and includes individuals of all ages and both genders. results are presented for hospital-based studies, l ... | 2000 | 11386686 |
| transmission intensity determines lymphocyte responsiveness and cytokine bias in human lymphatic filariasis. | humans living in areas where filariasis is endemic vary greatly in their exposure to mosquito-borne infective third-stage larvae (l3) of these parasitic helminths. because the intensity of exposure to ags affects t cell differentiation and susceptibility to parasitic infections in murine models, we compared t cell and cytokine responses in 97 residents of two villages in papua new guinea, where transmission intensity of wuchereria bancrofti differed by 63-fold (37 vs 2355 l3 per person per year) ... | 2001 | 11390495 |
| lymphatic filariasis. | 2001 | 11395916 | |
| bancroftian filariasis in residents of oman. | 2001 | 11412808 | |
| angiostrongyliasis: analysis of antigens of angiostrongylus costaricensis adult worms versus igg from infected patients with angiostrongylus cantonensis. | the possibility of cross-reactivity was previously investigated by indirect elisa with sera from angiostrongylus cantonensis infections, normal controls and a. costaricensis antigen. 5 microg/ml of crude antigen from both sexes of each species reacted with diluted serum samples (1:800) of each of 20 cases of angiostrongyliasis and normal controls, and further with anti-human igg conjugate at 1:1,000. the mean absorbance values were evaluated as follows; normal controls showed a value of 0.033 us ... | 2000 | 11414459 |
| igg- and igg4-detected antigens of dirofilaria immitis adult worms for bancroftian filariasis by enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot. | in thailand, wuchereria bancrofti filariasis has persisted along the border between thailand and myanmar, its dynamic distribution caused by the infected transmigrants between neighboring countries, and the availability of susceptible mosquito vectors. dirofilaria immitis adult worm was used as a source of antigens, excretory-secretory (es) and partial surface extracts, to detect human filariasis. es products showed several stained bands with coomassie brilliant blue ranging from 14.5-93 kda and ... | 2000 | 11414461 |
| worms that cause lumps in the mouth. | 2001 | 11417586 | |
| ambient temperature effects on the extrinsic incubation period of wuchereria bancrofti in aedes polynesiensis: implications for filariasis transmission dynamics and distribution in french polynesia. | temperature effects on development of the human filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (filaridea: onchocercidae) in the main pacific vector aedes polynesiensis marks (diptera: culicidae) are analysed in relation to ambient climatic conditions. a statistical model of the extrinsic cycle duration as a function of temperature is described and used to distinguish three patterns of w. bancrofti transmission dynamics: continuous, fluctuating and discontinuous, occurring from north to south ... | 2001 | 11434550 |
| annual single-dose diethylcarbamazine plus ivermectin for control of bancroftian filariasis: comparative efficacy with and without vector control. | two intervention strategies for the control of bancroftian filariasis were compared in rural villages of southern india: annual mass treatment with single-dose diethylcarbamazine plus ivermectin, either on its own or combined with vector control. vector control, based on the use of polystyrene beads and larvivorous fishes in the major breeding sites of culex quinquefasciatus, brought about a drastic and sustained reduction in vector density and man-biting rates. after the first round of treatmen ... | 2001 | 11454246 |
| lymphatic filariasis in ghana: entomological investigation of transmission dynamics and intensity in communities served by irrigation systems in the upper east region of ghana. | we conducted an entomological study to document the effect of irrigation on the vectors and transmission dynamics of lymphatic filariasis in the upper east region of ghana. mosquitoes were collected by indoor spraying of houses in a cluster of communities located around irrigation projects (tono and vea) and others without reservoirs (azoka). anopheles gambiae s.s. was the dominant species and major vector, followed by an. funestus. anopheles arabiensis constituted 9--14% of the an. gambiae comp ... | 2001 | 11469943 |
| prospects and challenges in lymphatic filariasis. | 2001 | 11472552 | |
| lymphatic filariasis: parallels between the immunology of infection in humans and mice. | mouse models of brugia infection have provided much useful quantitative and qualitative information on the immune response elicited by different life cycle stages of filarial worms. many parallels exist between the immune response in the mouse and the infected human and in this review we highlight areas of topical interest, including the induction of specific cytokine responses and their role in immunomodulation and protective immunity. these studies have reinforced the concept that different li ... | 2001 | 11472555 |
| transmission intensity and human immune responses to lymphatic filariasis. | our understanding of how the host immune response influences the risk of developing disease has changed dramatically over the past decade. previously, the spectrum of disease associated with lymphatic filariasis was largely attributed to the nature of the host immune response. now, we appreciate that the duration and intensity of infection and possibly the direct influence of parasite-derived molecules also determine the risk of disease. individuals chronically infected with lymphatic filariasis ... | 2001 | 11472556 |
| transmission intensity and the immunoepidemiology of bancroftian filariasis in east africa. | previous attempts to determine the interactions between filariasis transmission intensity, infection and chronic disease have been limited by a lack of a theoretical framework that allows the explicit examination of mechanisms that may link these variables at the community level. here, we show how deterministic mathematical models, in conjunction with analyses of standardized field data from communities with varying parasite transmission intensities, can provide a particularly powerful framework ... | 2001 | 11472557 |
| regulation of the immune response in lymphatic filariasis: perspectives on acute and chronic infection with wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | delineating the immune responses in lymphatic filariasis has been complicated not only by the rapidly expanding knowledge of new immunological mediators and effortors, but also by new methodologies (in particular, circulating filarial antigen detection) for defining and categorizing filarial-infected individuals. by using assays for circulating antigen in the sera collected as part of the many immunological studies performed on individuals in a wuchereria bancrofti-endemic region of south india, ... | 2001 | 11472558 |
| tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and filariasis in pakistan. | filariasis is a major health problem in south asia, particularly india, sri lanka and bangladesh. pakistan was presumed to be not affected. we report for the first time confirmed cases of tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) in indigenous patients as a result of infection with wuchereria bancrofti. following clinical examination, total leukocyte and eosinophil counts were recorded. parasitological examinations included blood for microfilariae and stool and urine for eggs of intestinal parasites ... | 2001 | 11485099 |
| high prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti infection among myanmar migrants in thailand. | 2001 | 11487375 | |
| long-term efficacy of single-dose combinations of albendazole, ivermectin and diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis. | in a 'blinded' trial (in sri lanka, 1996-98) of 47 male asymptomatic microfilaraemic subjects with wuchereria bancrofti infection, the safety, tolerability and filaricidal efficacy of 3 single-dose combination regimens were compared: albendazole 400 mg with ivermectin 200 micrograms/kg, albendazole 400 mg with diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) 6 mg/kg or albendazole 600 mg with ivermectin 400 micrograms/kg. treated subjects were followed-up for 24 months. this represents the first long-term study ... | 2001 | 11491010 |
| placebo-controlled community trial of four cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine or ivermectin against wuchereria bancrofti infection and transmission in india. | a double-blind placebo-controlled trial was carried out in 1994-98 to compare the effects of 4 cycles of single-dose diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin on prevalence and geometric mean intensity (gmi) of microfilaraemia in the human population, infection rates in the vector population, and transmission intensity of culex-transmitted wuchereria bancrofti in rural areas in tamil nadu state, south india. fifteen villages (population approximately 26,800) were included in the study: 5 villages e ... | 2001 | 11491011 |
| a simple and quick method for enhanced detection of specific ige in serum from lymphatic filariasis patients. | a new simple and quick technique, using a suspension of protein a agarose beads to absorb igg4 from sera prior to determination of filarial-specific ige in elisa, is presented. the optimal ratio between serum and absorbant was determined by absorbing fixed volumes of sera from individuals from a wuchereria bancrofti endemic area with different volumes of the protein a agarose bead suspension and testing supernatants for filaria-specific igg4 and ige. the effect of absorption on measured igg4 and ... | 2001 | 11495644 |
| short report: a practical technique for the cryopreservation of dirofilaria immitis, brugia malayi, and wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae. | a technique to cryopreserve microfilariae has been developed. this method was used to cryopreserve microfilariae of dirofilaria immitis, brugia malayi, and wuchereria bancrofti at a controlled rate of 1 degree c/min by use of a freezing tank. microfilariae of each of these species retained their ability to infect susceptible mosquito species and develop to the infective stage after cryopreservation. the method presented here is quickly and easily carried out with inexpensive equipment. | 2001 | 11508394 |
| detection of bancroftian filariasis in human blood samples from sorsogon province, the philippines by polymerase chain reaction. | the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for diagnosing wuchereria bancrofti infection in a small village in the province of sorsogon, the philippines. of 54 night-time blood samples collected, 4 (7.4%) were found to be microfilaremic as determined by combined direct blood film examination and membrane filtration of blood followed by blood film examination. however, utilization of the sspi pcr assay to detect repeated w. bancrofti dna sequences in human blood doubled the number of microfilar ... | 2001 | 11511008 |
| detection of plasmodium falciparum and wuchereria bancrofti infected blood samples using multiplex pcr. | a rapid and sensitive multiplex pcr has been developed for the diagnosis of multiple parasitic infection in human blood. infection is detected by a single multiplex pcr reaction containing two pairs of oligonucleotide primers whereby each primer is specific for each parasite species. these primer sets amplified 400 and 450-bp fragments for wuchereria bancrofti and 208-bp fragment for plasmodium falciparum. the pcr products derived from each parasite species were visualized in ethidium bromide-st ... | 2001 | 11513554 |
| immunity to filarial nematodes. | mosquito-borne filarial nematodes cause the severe, debilitating disease of human lymphatic filariasis. in areas endemic for this disease, differential responses range from putative immunity through asymptomatic microfilaraemic infection to chronic pathology. current research in mouse models of infection is elucidating the immunological mechanisms that can lead to immunity against this disease. in this review, the importance of different immunological pathways are discussed in relation to their ... | 2001 | 11522404 |
| genetic polymorphisms in molecules of innate immunity and susceptibility to infection with wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | a pilot study was conducted to determine if host genetic factors influence susceptibility and outcomes in human filariasis. using the candidate gene approach, a well-characterized population in south india was studied using common polymorphisms in six genes (chit1, mpo, nramp, cyba, ncf2, and mbl2). a total of 216 individuals from south india were genotyped; 67 normal (n), 63 asymptomatic microfilaria positive (mf+), 50 with chronic lymphatic dysfunction/elephantiasis (cp), and 36 tropical pulmo ... | 2001 | 11528516 |
| ecologic and biologic determinants of filarial antigenemia in bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. | the relationship between filarial antigenemia and lymphatic pathology was investigated in residents of 11 villages in an area of papua new guinea where wuchereria bancrofti is endemic. antigenemia was determined in 1322 persons by means of the og4c3 antibody capture assay. prevalence of antigenemia by village ranged from 61.7% to 98.2% and did not vary by sex. antigen level increased with transmission potential among the 4 villages with measured transmission potential (r(2)=.945; p=.028). antige ... | 2001 | 11528594 |
| wuchereria bancrofti: detection of microfilariae in asymptomatic microfilaremic individuals with setaria digitata antigens. | a dot-elisa for detection of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in an endemic area was developed. this test can differentiate the endemic normals from the microfilaraemic asymptomatic individuals. antigens of molecular weight 130 and 52 kda of the cattle filaria worm setaria digitata were used for this test. it was observed that these two antigens were also present in the serum of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals. | 2001 | 11556568 |
| lymphatic filariasis in children: adenopathy and its evolution in two young girls. | lymphatic filariasis is a widespread infectious disease of children in endemic areas, but little is known about the early lymphatic damage in children and its evolution, either with or without treatment. two girls (ages 6 and 12 years) from a wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of brazil presented with chronic inguinal adenopathy. neither had microfilaremia. by ultrasound both were shown to have living adult worms in their enlarged inguinal nodes and had occult local lymphatic damage (lymphangie ... | 2001 | 11561705 |
| microfilaria in peritoneal fluid from an amicrofilaremic, pregnant woman. | 2001 | 11575673 | |
| a long-term follow-up of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals living in a filaria-endemic region of orissa, india: infection and disease status. | a group of asymptomatic amicrofilaraemic individuals (endemic normals) aged > 12 years was identified in 2 filaria-endemic villages of orissa, india in 1990 (bajapur village, n = 40) and in 1994 (olosingh village, n = 47). they were re-examined for microfilaraemia and disease status in the year 2000 after a 10-year and a 6-year period. studies conducted at both villages yielded a similar pattern in the development of disease. above 85% of the females remained normal, compared to 54% of males. re ... | 2001 | 11579885 |
| rural bancroftian filariasis in north-western cameroon: parasitological and clinical studies. | a cross-sectional epidemiological, parasitological and clinical survey of bancroftian filarieasis was conducted in the rural north-western republic of cameroon. of the 1020 respondents (622 males and 398 females) randomly drawn from 4 ethnically homogeneous communities, 148 were microfilaraemic giving an overall prevalence of 14.5%. association between the ages of individuals and the prevalence of microfilaria (mf) in peripheral circulation was statistically significant (chi 2(6) = 12.59, p < 0. ... | 2000 | 11668936 |
| fine structure of intrascrotal lymphatic vessels infected by wuchereria bancrofti adult worms. | lymphangiectasia represents a basic phenomenon of acute and chronic pathology in lymphatic filariasis, and the prevalence or degree of lymphatic dilation caused by filarial worms is considered an indirect measurement of the altered lymphatic function. we examined the morphological alterations of intrascrotal lymphatic vessels surgically removed from a volunteer infected by adult worms of wuchereria bancrofti. scanning electron microscopy revealed lymphatic vessels with an irregular endothelium a ... | 2001 | 11686393 |
| sensitive and specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for the diagnosis of wuchereria bancrofti infection in urine samples. | we developed an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) that detects filaria-specific immunoglobulin g4 antibodies in unconcentrated urine. the elisa was positive in 87 of 91 (95.6%) urine samples collected from people with wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae, antigen, or both. of 298 urine samples collected in thailand, lao people's democratic republic, and japan, where no human filariasis is known, 295 (99.0%) were negative by elisa. various intestinal nematode and fluke infections did not in ... | 2001 | 11693885 |
| evaluation of ict filariasis card test using whole capillary blood: comparison with knott's concentration and counting chamber methods. | an immunochromatographic card test (ict) that uses fingerprick whole blood instead of serum for diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis has recently been developed. the card test was validated in the field in kenya by comparing its sensitivity to the combined sensitivity of knott's concentration and counting chamber methods. a total of 102 (14.6%) and 117 (16.7%) persons was found to be microfilaremic by knott's concentration and counting chamber methods, respectively. the geometric mean intensities ... | 2001 | 11695380 |
| consequences of hydrocele and the benefits of hydrocelectomy: a qualitative study in lymphatic filariasis endemic communities on the coast of ghana. | a study using focus group discussions and in-depth interviews was conducted to determine the consequences of hydrocele and the benefits of hydrocelectomy on physical activity and social life in three lymphatic filariasis endemic villages where males had recently been offered surgical operations to repair their hydroceles. respondents were of the view that hydrocele, especially large ones, severely reduced the patients' work capacity and impaired sexual function, and that overall it had a conside ... | 2001 | 11700178 |
| a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study with diethylcarbamazine for the treatment of hydrocoele in an area of tanzania endemic for lymphatic filariasis. | hydrocoele is common in men in wuchereria bancrofti-endemic areas, the treatment for which is currently surgical intervention. two community studies have recently suggested that the antifilarial drug diethylcarbamazine (dec) may have a beneficial effect of reducing the size of hydrocoeles of filarial origin. to test this hypothesis, a double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out in 1998 and 1999 in an area of north-eastern tanzania where microfilaria (mf) carrier rates and hydrocoele p ... | 2001 | 11706668 |
| ultrastructural characterization of intracellular bacteria of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrastructural observations on the structure and distribution of endosymbiotic bacteria within the tissues of wuchereria bancrofti are described. in female worms the organisms were observed in the lateral cords of the hypodermis, oocytes, developing eggs and in intrauterine microfilariae. organisms were also detected in blood microfilariae and in the intestine of third-stage larvae. bacteria were not observed in male worms. | 2001 | 11706674 |
| worm burden and host responsiveness in wuchereria bancrofti infection: use of antigen detection to refine earlier assessments from the south pacific. | a population from the wuchereria bancrofti-endemic island of mauke was reevaluated retrospectively by use of the og4c3 circulating antigen (cag) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess active infection in relation to host responses by age and gender. use of microfilaremia (mf) alone misclassified approximately 50% of infected people, although cag and mf levels were positively correlated. levels of cag peaked between those aged 31-60 years; men aged > 60 years had a significantly higher cag p ... | 2001 | 11716104 |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens recognized by asymptomatic microfilaremic patient's antisera in microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrathin sections of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti embedded in hydrophilic resin were incubated with sera from patients, using antisera from asymptomatic microfilaremic patients with different microfilarial densities [1-100 microfilariae (mf)/ml, 101-500 mf/ml, > 1,000 mf/ml]. all groups studied showed reactivity against relevant epitopes in all tissues of microfilariae of w. bancrofti, instead of being localized in a specific nematode region, although the number of colloidal per square ... | 2001 | 11763438 |
| early-stage elephantiasis in bancroftian filariasis. | 2001 | 11783706 | |
| evaluation of a pcr-elisa to detect wuchereria bancrofti in culex pipiens from an egyptian village with a low prevalence of filariasis. | the programmes for the elimination of bancroftian filariasis that have been implemented in the nile delta of egypt are expected to lead to substantial reductions in filarial loads in the treated populations. better methods than those currently available are needed for monitoring the efficacy of these and similar efforts at intervention. a pcr-elisa was therefore evaluated as an epidemiological tool for the detection of the wuchereria-bancrofti-specific sspi repeat in pools of culex pipiens colle ... | 2001 | 11784438 |
| laboratory evaluation of ssp i pcr assay for the detection of wuchereria bancrofti infection in culex quinquefasciatus. | there is a need to delimit the areas of filariasis transmission in view of the filariasis elimination programme launched in india. infection rate in vectors is an important parameter in determining transmission and it is conventionally assessed by dissection and microscopy. a pcr assay based on ssp i repeats of wuchereria bancrofti has shown potential in the detection of infection in vectors. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the specificity and sensitivity of this assay on w. bancrof ... | 2001 | 11785452 |
| a clinico-epidemiological perspective of lymphatic filariasis in satyabadi block of puri district, orissa. | lymphatic filariasis is a major public health problem in the coastal district of orissa. however, no systematic studies have been done to document the prevalence of microfilaraemia/disease in different regions of the state. therefore, the present cross sectional study was undertaken during 1996-97 to obtain information on the clinical and epidemiological status of the disease in satyabadi block area of puri district, known to be endemic for filariasis. | 2001 | 11785453 |
| a community-based trial for the control of lymphatic filariasis and iodine deficiency using salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine and iodine. | to evaluate the effectiveness of salt fortified with diethylcarbamazine (dec) and iodine for elimination of bancroftian filariasis and iodine deficiency, all consenting residents of miton, haiti (n = 1,932) were given salt fortified with 0.25% diethylcarbamazine and 25 ppm of iodine for one year. wuchereria bancrofti microfilaria prevalence and intensity, antigenemia, and urinary iodine were measured before and one year after salt distribution began. to measure the effect of dec-fortified salt o ... | 2001 | 11791989 |
| endemic bancroftian filariasis in thailand: detection by og4c3 antigen capture elisa and the polymerase chain reaction. | lymphatic filariasis, mainly caused by wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, has been targeted for elimination by the world health organization by the year 2020. to achieve this goal, highly sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are necessary for close monitoring and evaluation of the control program. we employed an elisa to detect the og4c3 antigen and a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for diagnosis of w. bancrofti infection, among the thai-karen population in tak province, thailand. ... | 2001 | 11800304 |
| immunochromatographic test (ict) for estimation of true prevalence of bancroftian filariasis in an endemic area in southern india. | percentage prevalences of microfilaraemia (ppmf) and antigenaemia (ppcfa) were examined in 1999 in 3505 subjects from 3 villages in india. all microfilaraemics were positive for antigenaemia, and ppcfa was always higher than ppmf. amicrofilaraemia among antigenaemic persons decreased steadily from 92% in the age-group 2-5 years to 40% in the age-group 21-30 years. | 2001 | 11816431 |
| the use of grid sampling methodology for rapid assessment of the distribution of bancroftian filariasis. | the recent world health assembly resolution to eliminate lymphatic filariasis as a public health problem once more brings to the fore the need for reliable data for the effective planning of disease control programmes. most countries do not have data on the distribution of lymphatic filariasis and are therefore not in the position to initiate control programmes based on sound baseline data. we tested in ghana in 1998-99 a method for the rapid assessment of the geographical distribution of bancro ... | 2001 | 11816445 |
| case 43: filariasis. | 2002 | 11818622 | |
| microfilariae in lymph node aspirates. | 2002 | 11843567 | |
| resurgence in filarial transmission after withdrawal of mass drug administration and the relationship between antigenaemia and microfilaraemia--a longitudinal study. | seven village units endemic for filariasis were assigned randomly into three arms with different intervention strategies in the years 1995 and 1996. villages in group a received two annual mass drug administrations (mdas) of diethylcarbamazine (dec) plus ivermectin (ivr). group b received the same mdas in combination with vector control; in group c only placebo was administered. post-treatment evaluation in 1997 revealed marked reductions in microfilaraemia prevalences (mfp) and geometric mean i ... | 2002 | 11851956 |
| [mediastinal lymphatic filariasis]. | wuchereria bancrofti gravid adult female worms were detected in a mediastinal lymph node in a 76-year old man. the patient also had lung carcinoma. a blood cell counts did not show any eosinophilia, and three consecutive night blood samples were also negative for microfilariae. filariasis and neoplasm association was purely coincidental. epidemiological and histopathological aspects of adult filariasis are described. | 2001 | 11852362 |
| the pacelf programme: will mass drug administration be enough? | the pacific programme to eliminate lymphatic filariasis is a regional, mass drug administration-based campaign in 22 countries and territories with the aim of eliminating filariasis transmission and alleviating the suffering caused by wuchereria bancrofti. the challenges to filariasis elimination campaigns based on mass drug-administration alone are reviewed in this article. these challenges together with the previous successes of mosquito control campaigns in eliminating filariasis from regions ... | 2002 | 11854087 |
| bancroftian filariasis: a 13-year follow-up study of asymptomatic microfilariae carriers and endemic normals in orissa, india. | the natural history of human filarial infections leading to development of disease has been a subject of intense debate. the models proposed so far have largely been based on cross-sectional data on microfilariae (mf) and disease prevalence in filariasis endemic areas. in an attempt to study the parasitological and clinical consequences of filarial infection in beldal (orissa, india), an area endemic for bancroftian filariasis, cohorts of 59 asymptomatic mf carriers (as) and 187 asymptomatic and ... | 2002 | 11862995 |
| pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine after single oral dose at two different times of day in human subjects. | in most wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi infections, the microfilaria are found in the blood in greatest number between 10 p.m. and 2 a.m., indicating that chronotherapy may be beneficial in treating such infections. this study reports the influence of time of administration on the pharmacokinetics of diethylcarbamazine (dec) in healthy volunteers. the study was conducted in 12 healthy volunteers by administering a 150 mg single oral dose of diethylcarbamazine citrate at 0600 or 1800 h in ... | 2002 | 11865970 |
| [recommendations for the treatment of bancroftian filariasis in symptomless and diseased patients]. | the goals of treatment for lymphatic filariasis are: to prevent, reverse, or halt progression of disease; and to interrupt transmission of the parasite. selecting the appropriate therapy for the patient with lymphatic filariasis requires knowledge of the various clinical features of filarial disease and their pathogenesis. in the past, treatment of lymphatic filariasis has focused primarily on antiparasitic chemotherapy; however, for many of the acute and chronic manifestations of lymphatic fila ... | 2002 | 11873261 |
| antigenemia at 10 years after diethylcarbamazine treatment of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals: marginal conversion to infection-free state. | a group of asymptomatic microfilaraemic individuals (n = 44, 29 males, 15 females) living in a wuchereria bancrofti endemic region of orissa, india, was treated with a standard regimen of diethylcarbamazine (12 days, 6 mg/kg) in 1990. the incidence of microfilaraemia and antigenemia (og4c3) was determined after a gap of 10 years in 2000. nineteen individuals reacquired microfilariae (43.2%, 11 males, eight females), five males developed hydrocele, two females became acute filarial patients and 1 ... | 2002 | 11874566 |
| microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti in cyst fluid of tumors of the brain: a report of three cases. | microfilariae of various nematodes, including loa loa, dirofilariae, and onchocerca volvulus, have been identified in the central nervous system (cns). the cns, however, is a rare site for the isolation of microfilariae of wuchereria bancrofti. to the best of our knowledge, the presence of microfilariae of w. bancrofti in tumor cyst fluids or cerebrospinal fluid has not been reported to date. we report three cases in which microfilariae were identified in the cyst fluid of tumors of the brain. c ... | 2002 | 11892020 |
| microfilaria in thyroid aspirate. | 2002 | 11892028 | |
| man biting activity of filarial vector culex quinquefasciatus. | 2001 | 11898463 | |
| genetic variability of the human filarial parasite, wuchereria bancrofti in south india. | the genetic variability of the lymphatic filarial parasite wuchereria bancrofti, from three localities (one urban and two rural areas) in southern india, endemic for filariasis was studied using random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) markers. the rapd profiles were generated for 21 parasite populations (7 populations from each area), using a 10-mer random primer. the analysis of profiles indicated the existence of considerable genetic variability among parasite populations. the nei's gene diver ... | 2002 | 11904105 |
| prevalence and intensity of wuchereria bancrofti antigenaemia in sri lanka by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. | in sri lanka 2741 people from matara, an endemic area for wuchereria bancrofti, were examined in 1996/97 for microfilariae by 60-microl blood smear and for circulating filarial antigens by og4c3 elisa using filter paper-absorbed whole blood. the overall prevalence of microfilaraemia was 3.4%, and that of antigenaemia 14.4%. the prevalence of antigen-positive and microfilaria-negative people was 11.3%. analysed by age-group, antigenaemia prevalence was similar in all groups, and the average numbe ... | 2002 | 11925989 |
| evaluation of the ict whole-blood antigen card test to detect infection due to wuchereria bancrofti in sri lanka. | the sensitivity, specificity and cost effectiveness of an immunochromatographic card test (ict, amrad) for the diagnosis of bancroftian filariasis were estimated against 2 standard parasitological techniques: thick blood film (tbf) and nuclepore membrane filtration (nmf). individuals were selected from endemic localities in the western province (n = 213) and from the non-endemic central province (n = 29) of sri lanka. blood was collected between 21:00 and midnight. sixty microlitre of non-hepari ... | 2002 | 11925995 |
| wuchereria bancrofti infection and disease in a rural area of papua new guinea. | the relation between infection and disease in lymphatic filariasis is still imperfectly understood. this paper presents baseline data on microfilaraemia, oedema and acute episodes from a drug trial against bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea. among 2,187 people with data on these manifestations, 1,144 were microfilaraemic, 78 had leg oedema, 356 had acute episodes and 919 were negative for all three. all possible combinations of the three manifestations were observed. the relationships be ... | 2000 | 11939297 |
| towards eliminating lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea: impact of annual single-dose mass treatment on transmission of wuchereria bancrofti in east sepik province. | the impact of annual single-dose community-wide treatment on the transmission of wuchereria bancrofti was investigated in 5 villages in the east sepik province where pretreatment prevalence of microfilaraemia ranged from 34% to 73%. anopheles punctulatus and an. koliensis were the only carriers of the parasite. 3 villages received diethylcarbamazine citrate (dec) in combination with ivermectin (ivr) and 2 received dec alone. the rate and intensity of microfilaraemia were both reduced in all 5 vi ... | 2000 | 11939298 |
| the epidemiology and control of lymphatic filariasis on lihir island, new ireland province. | clinical, parasitological and entomological surveys performed in 9 villages on lihir island, papua new guinea, before mass treatment with diethylcarbamazine (dec), showed that lymphatic filariasis, caused by nocturnally periodic wuchereria bancrofti, was endemic in 8 of them. blood samples from 593 people revealed an overall microfilarial carrier rate of 24%. amongst endemic villages, microfilarial carrier rates ranged from 5% to 43% and there was no significant difference in parasite prevalence ... | 2000 | 11939300 |
| control of lymphatic filariasis in a hunter-gatherer group in madang province. | diethylcarbamazine (dec) has been successfully administered to millions of people in established villages and towns, but little or no information exists on the use of this drug to control lymphatic filariasis in isolated seminomadic groups. we have studied the impact of biannual single-dose mass treatment to control filariasis in the hagahai, an isolated hunter-gatherer, shifting horticulturist group in the fringe highlands of papua new guinea. despite low treatment coverage, 6 mass treatment ro ... | 2000 | 11939301 |
| human immune responses to lymphatic filariasis in papua new guinea. | the following review highlights our current knowledge about the host immune response to lymphatic filariasis. our understanding of how the host immune response influences the risk of developing disease has changed dramatically over the past decade. previously the spectrum of disease associated with lymphatic filariasis was largely attributed to the nature of the host immune response. now we appreciate that the duration and intensity of infection and possibly the direct influence of parasite-deri ... | 2000 | 11939302 |
| efficacy of mass single-dose diethylcarbamazine and dec-fortified salt against bancroftian filariasis in papua new guinea six months after treatment. | the efficacy of two diethylcarbamazine (dec) treatment strategies to control bancroftian filariasis, diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt (dec-fs) and a single dec dose on mass administration, was evaluated in two communities in papua new guinea with pretreatment antigen prevalence of 55% and 71%. in the first community 0.2% w/w diethylcarbamazine-fortified salt was distributed monthly to accepting households at no cost for 12 months. in the second community a single dec dose based on body size but ... | 2000 | 11939303 |
| transmission of bancroftian filariasis in tea agro-ecosystem of assam, india. | tea industry is a labor intensive agro-industry and filariasis is mostly localized among the tea garden workers in assam. the workers live inside the gardens in colonies. studies conducted in two cosecutive years revealed that among the host seeking culex quinquefasciatus average infection rate was 4.6% and with 2.1 larvae per mosquito. the overall prevalence of infective mosquitos was 0.8% with average l3 load of 2.0 per mosquito. the probability of infected mosquitos surviving to have complete ... | 2001 | 11944721 |
| aedes albolateralis, a potential vector of nocturnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus. | the susceptibility of aedes albolateralis to nocturnally subperiodic wuchereria bancrofti and dengue type 2 virus was investigated by using artificial membrane feeding and intrathoracic inoculation techniques, respectively. the results indicated that ae. albolateralis was susceptible to nocturnally subperiodic w. bancrofti (susceptibility rate = 9.43%) and dengue type 2 virus (susceptibility rate = 100%), suggesting the potential vector of the two pathogens. | 2001 | 11944727 |
| impact of untreated bednets on prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti transmitted by anopheles farauti in papua new guinea. | despite the growing evidence that insecticide-treated mosquito nets reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in a variety of epidemiological conditions, their value against lymphatic filariasis infection and disease is yet to be established. the impact of untreated bednets on the prevalence of wuchereria bancrofti (cobbold) (nematoda: filarioidea) infection and disease was investigated on bagabag island in papua new guinea, where both malaria and filariasis are transmitted by the same vector mosqu ... | 2002 | 11963977 |
| lymphatic filariasis: new insights and prospects for control. | although lymphatic filariasis remains among the major causes of disability among the tropical infectious diseases, dramatic advances have been made in the approach to its diagnosis, epidemiology and treatment, in our understanding of the molecular composition of the parasites that cause these infections, and in the factors underlying the pathology seen. superimposing the tools of modern epidemiology, immunology, and molecular biology on field-based clinical trials has allowed the emergence of th ... | 2001 | 11964873 |
| current status and future prospects of the global lymphatic filariasis programme. | lymphatic filariasis is recognized as one of the world's most disabling diseases. adult lymphatic filarial nematodes live for several years; they infest the lymphatic and blood systems, and are transmitted via mosquito vectors. acute and chronic disease can develop, manifesting as acute inflammation, hydrocoele, lymphoedema and elephantiasis. the development of a global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (focusing on disease caused by wuchereria bancrofti) followed a resolutio ... | 2001 | 11979126 |
| [ivermectin, a broad spectrum antiparasitic drug]. | activity: ivermectine, derived from beta avermectines, monocyclic lactones produced by streptomyces avermitilis, is a potent oral microfilaricide used by veterinaries since 1981. the anti-filarial activity is two-fold: both microfilaricide and embryotoxic in female adults; it has no activity on the latter. indications: ivermectine is the treatment of choice in onchocercosis, induced by the nematode onchocerca volvulus, and was included in the onchocercosis control program (programme de contrôle ... | 2002 | 11984984 |
| molecular characterization of a calcium binding translationally controlled tumor protein homologue from the filarial parasites brugia malayi and wuchereria bancrofti. | we have cloned homologues of the mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (tctp) from the human filarial parasites wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi. tctp genes from b. malayi and w. bancrofti were expressed in a t7 promoter vector as histidine tagged fusion proteins. both the recombinant b. malayi tctp (rbm-tctp) and recombinant w. bancrofti tctp (rwb-tctp) have a molecular mass of approximately 28 kda with the histidine tag. sequence analyses showed that there is a 98% similarit ... | 2002 | 11985867 |
| a new insight into the pathogenesis of filarial disease. | filariasis is a major public health problem throughout many regions of the tropics. the disease is caused by several species of filarial nematode including wuchereria bancrofti and brugia malayi, the agents of lymphatic filariasis, and onchocerca volvulus, the cause of 'riverblindness'. disease caused by these worms varies depending on the tissue location of the parasite, and is associated with episodes of acute and chronic inflammation. these pathologies, including elephantiasis and blindness, ... | 2002 | 12041732 |
| lymphatic filariasis in lower shire, southern malawi. | surveys for lymphatic filariasis were carried out for the first time in lower shire (nsanje and chikawawa districts) of southern malawi, in april-june 2000. there were 3 phases. in phase i, questionnaire surveys in 48 randomly selected villages indicated that chronic manifestations of lymphatic filariasis ('swollen scrotum' and 'swollen legs') were common and widespread in the area. in phase ii, volunteers from 10 of the villages reporting frequent manifestations of filariasis in phase i were ex ... | 2002 | 12055799 |
| serum ferritin, alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and retinol levels in lymphatic filariasis. | based on a cross-sectional study conducted among 100 adults in 1993 in tanga, tanzania, the relationship between wuchereria bancrofti infection and markers of iron, vitamin a and vitamin e status was assessed. potential predictors assessed were elephantiasis, hydrocoele, w. bancrofti microfilaria intensity and antigen concentration, and intensity of schistosoma haematobium, hookworm, trichuris trichiura and ascaris lumbricoides infection, while controlling for age, sex and elevated serum alpha-1 ... | 2002 | 12055804 |
| progression of lymphatic vessel dilatation in the presence of living adult wuchereria bancrofti. | bancroftian filariasis, a mosquito-transmitted disease commonly known as elephantiasis, is caused by infection with the parasite wuchereria bancrofti. infection with this parasite can induce a broad array of chronic debilitating and socially stigmatizing conditions, but the pathogenesis of this morbidity remains obscure. recent evidence indicates that in filariasis-endemic areas the primary lesion is not lymphatic vessel obstruction but, rather, dilatation. to determine the extent to which lymph ... | 2002 | 12055805 |
| ivermectin and albendazole alone and in combination for the treatment of lymphatic filariasis in ghana: follow-up after re-treatment with the combination. | the efficacy of re-treatment with the combination of ivermectin (150-200 micrograms/kg bodyweight) and albendazole (400 mg) on wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia was assessed in 1997-99 in 4 groups of individuals from coastal ghana, which 1 year previously had received a primary treatment with placebo (n = 38), albendazole (n = 39), ivermectin (n = 34) or combination of albendazole and ivermectin (n = 42), respectively. one year after the re-treatment, an overall mean reduction in microfilaria ... | 2002 | 12055812 |
| recent advances in molecular diagnostic techniques for human lymphatic filariasis and their use in epidemiological research. | diagnosis of lymphatic filariasis for epidemiological studies is an area of science that has been greatly modernized over the last two decades. recent developments and the introduction of new technologies have led to the replacement of traditional diagnostic methods that were insensitive, tedious and often impractical with molecular biology techniques that have considerable potential for field use. this paper reviews some of these major new techniques and the applications of molecular diagnosis ... | 2002 | 12055843 |
| age-grading and growth of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae by growth measurements and its use for estimating blood-meal intervals of its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae). | growth in length and width of wuchereria bancrofti (filariidea: onchocercidae) larvae developing in its polynesian vector aedes polynesiensis (diptera: culicidae) was analysed using a mathematical approach to objectively extract patterns. l1 had a u-shaped growth in length, while widths followed an s-shaped function. l2 had an s-shaped growth in length and width. growth in length of l3 was also s-shaped, while widths had an asymptotic size following a period of rapid shrinkage. the greatest diff ... | 2002 | 12062489 |
| lymphatic filariasis: new insights into an old disease. | lymphatic filariasis has afflicted people in the tropical areas of the world for thousands of years but even up to comparatively recent times it has been poorly understood and its importance under recognised. in the last 2 decades or so there has been a flurry of activity in filariasis research, which has provided new insights into the global problem of filariasis, the pathogenesis of filarial disease, diagnosis and control. | 2002 | 12076624 |
| [application of immunochromatographic test for diagnosis and surveillance of bancroftian filariasis]. | to evaluate the usefulness of immunochromatographic test (ict) for rapid diagnosis and surveillance of wuchereria bancrofti infection. | 1998 | 12078234 |
| lymphatic filariasis in the karonga district of northern malawi: a prevalence survey. | in malawi, two main foci of lymphatic filariasis (lf) are known to exist: one in the south, in the shire valley, and the other in the north, along the songwe river, on the border with tanzania. there have been no formal surveys in the songwe area since the 1960s but an opportunity arose in 2000-2001 to map lf in this area, in the context of a leprosy survey that formed part of the follow-up of a large leprosy and tuberculosis vaccine trial. overall 687 immunochromatographic (ict) tests were carr ... | 2002 | 12080974 |
| antibiotics for the treatment of onchocerciasis and other filarial infections. | more effective drugs are needed for the treatment of human filarial diseases and the elimination of these infections as a public health problem. the drugs must either kill or sterilize adult worms. the relevant filariae, onchocerca volvulus, wuchereria bancofti and brugia species, harbor rickettsial endoboacteria of the genus wolbachia as symbionts. animal experiments have shown that the elimination of these endobacteria causes inhibition of embryogenesis, and with onchocerca ochengi a macrofila ... | 2002 | 12090719 |
| immunocytochemical localization of antigens recognised by tropical pulmonary eosinophilia and individuals with intestinal helminths antisera in microfilaria of wuchereria bancrofti. | ultrathin sections of microfilaria of w. bancrofti embedded in the hydrophilic resin l.r. white were incubated with sera from patients with a typical picture of filarial tropical pulmonary eosinophilia (tpe) and sera from patients of a non-endemic region for filariasis regarding intestinal helminths. both groups had a similar pattern of labelling, except that the labelling intensity was higher with the sera of patients with filarial tpe. the present study indicates relevant epitopes recognised b ... | 2002 | 12117283 |
| relationship between male hydrocele and infection prevalences in clustered communities with uncertain transmission of wuchereria bancrofti on the thailand-myanmar border. | a cross-sectional community-based study was conducted in three clustered communities, belonging to a single small village in mae chan subdistrict, umphang district, tak province, close to the thailand-myanmar border, where regular night blood survey have been discontinued since 1997 and no epidemiological study had been conducted. in order to understand prevalences of distribution of male hydrocele and infection in clinically diagnostic and epidemiologic implications in uncertain transmission of ... | 2002 | 12118464 |
| development of antigen detection elisa for the diagnosis of brugian and bancroftian filariasis using antibodies to recombinant filarial antigens bm-sxp-1 and wb-sxp-1. | antibodies specific to recombinant filarial antigens wb-sxp-1 and bm-sxp-1 have been used to develop a sandwich elisa for the detection of circulating filarial antigen (cfa) in sera from patients with lymphatic filariasis caused by wuchereria bancrofti of brugia malayi. in patients with w. bancrofti infections, a high proportion of microfilaria (mf) positive (mf) and low proportions of patients with chronic pathology (cp) and endemic normals (en) showed the presence of cfa. similarly in patients ... | 2002 | 12139392 |