Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1988 | 2450152 | |
| modified toluidine blue o stain for pneumocystis carinii: further evaluation of some technical factors. | a modified toluidine blue o (tbo) stain for pneumocystis carinii cysts was evaluated with regard to the influence of (i) the age and extent of use of the sulfation reagent, (ii) the source of tbo, (iii) the tbo content of the staining solution, and (iv) the amount of tbo present in the alcohol wash solutions. all tbos evaluated, except for a new tbo obtained from roboz surgical instrument co., inc., washington, d.c., produced satisfactory results. each lot of tbo should be quality controlled bef ... | 1988 | 2452828 |
| rapid noninvasive diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii from induced liquefied sputum. | pneumocystis carinii organisms cluster in alveolar casts. a method for concentrating alveolar casts in sputum specimens might improve the diagnostic usefulness of sputum studies in possible cases of pulmonary infection with pneumocystis carinii. the use of sputum induction to detect pneumocystis carinii was studied in 40 consecutive patients with known or suspected human immunodeficiency virus infection having bronchoscopy for evaluation of pulmonary disease. sputum produced by deep coughing ind ... | 1988 | 2454045 |
| [pneumocystis carinii: laboratory diagnosis. state of the art]. | in the light of the international literature and personal observation, the diagnostic techniques employed in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), a major opportunistic infection of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) are reviewed. | 1988 | 2454420 |
| passive immunoprophylaxis with specific monoclonal antibody confers partial protection against pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in animal models. | pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonitis in the immunosuppressed host. little is known, however, about the biology of this organism. this report demonstrates that a mab, m5e12, previously shown to be directed against a surface antigen that is present on rat-, rabbit-, ferret-, and human-derived p. carinii, is capable of hindering the development of p. carinii pneumonitis in animal models of this infection when administered throughout the period of immunosuppression. it appears t ... | 1988 | 2454947 |
| pneumocystis carinii in sputum. comparable efficacy of screening stains and determination of cyst density. | to determine whether accurate quantification of pneumocystis carinii cysts in sputum is possible using currently available means and to determine the optimal stain for screening sputum for p carinii, we undertook a comparative evaluation of readily available stains: (1) diff-quik, a stain that provides tinctorial detail comparable with giemsa, (2) toluidine blue, and (3) silver methenamine on simultaneously thawed sputum samples containing p carinii. we also studied the diff-quik stain in combin ... | 1988 | 2456048 |
| human antibody response to a strain-specific hiv-1 gp120 epitope associated with cell fusion inhibition. | pepscan analysis, performed using 536 overlapping nonapeptides derived from the htlv-iii b nucleotide sequence of the region encoding the external envelope protein of 120 kda (gp120), identified in the v3 region of gp120 a major binding site for antibodies of hiv-1-infected humans. the minimal amino acid sequence of this antibody binding site was demonstrated by multiple length scanning to be five to eight amino acids in length: (g)pgraf(vt), i.e. amino acids 312-319. a peptide (neu 21) containi ... | 1988 | 2456084 |
| ultrastructural morphology and staining characteristics of pneumocystis carinii in situ and from bronchoalveolar lavage. | the ultrastructure of pneumocystis carinii obtained from rats by bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) was compared with organisms in situ. all developmental forms of the organism as seen in situ were present in the lavage fluid. trophozoites in situ were adhered to type i epithelium, had smooth surfaces, and were interdigitated with the underlying epithelium. nonadherent trophozoites in situ and trophozoites in lavage fluid were more pleomorphic and irregular in shape with tubular projections extending ... | 1988 | 2456381 |
| human immunodeficiency virus infection in childhood. | acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is associated with considerable morbidity in infants and children. it is caused by human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) which can be transmitted vertically from mother to infant early in pregnancy. transmission might also occur via breast milk. although the exact transmission rate of hiv from mother to infant is not known, hiv can become a major threat to child survival. this threat is already present in africa where high seroprevalences have been reported among ... | 1988 | 2456715 |
| combination chemotherapy and alpha-interferon in the treatment of kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | thirteen men with a median age of 37 (range 28 to 46) years who had extensive kaposi's sarcoma associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) were treated with combination chemotherapy and alpha-interferon. four patients had stage iii disease and nine had stage iv disease (one with pulmonary and eight with gastrointestinal involvement). treatment consisted of monthly courses of actinomycin d, 1 mg/m2, and vinblastine sulfate, 6 mg/m2, given intravenously on day 1, bleomycin, 10 mg/m2 ... | 1988 | 2458177 |
| ultrastructural detection of carbohydrates in the pellicle of pneumocystis carinii. | the presence of carbohydrates in the pellicle of pneumocystis carinii was demonstrated by methenamine silver (ms) and thiocarbohydrazide-silver proteinate (tch-sp) staining techniques. an intense, positive reaction with ms was observed on both the electron-dense outer layer and the electron-lucent middle layer of the pellicle, whereas in the case of tch-sp only the outer layer stained well. the middle layer did not stain as intensely with tch-sp as with ms. this observation indicates that the pe ... | 1988 | 2461556 |
| silver staining of pneumocystis carinii in the rat's lung. | the backscattered electron imaging mode of the scanning electron microscope was used to study the ontogenetic acquisition of argyrophilia in pneumocystis carinii in rats. silver staining continually increased from the late trophozoite to the mature cyst stage. the silver uptake began with a fine outline at the surface of the bodies of the late trophozoites; their cellular extensions, however, did not stain. the oblate precyst forms acquired the silver in heterogeneous patches. on spherical cysts ... | 1989 | 2464648 |
| rapid and simple metachromatic stain for pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2464854 | |
| type i reactions directed against pneumocystis carinii in aids patients. | type i allergy directed against pneumocystis carinii (pc) has been investigated in 14 patients with aids. the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia often shows a rapid and severe course, and type i allergy against the parasite might be a pathogenic co-factor in the interstitial lung inflammation. in twelve of the aids patients the clinical symptoms and course of illness indicated a pc pneumonia. the basophil histamine release test was used as a sensitive test to detect type i allergy against pc. eight ... | 1989 | 2465772 |
| use of a rapid differential stain for identifying pneumocystis carinii in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. diagnostic efficacy in patients with aids. | identification of pneumocystis carinii involves silver stains which require several hours for processing. diff quik, a differential stain similar to wright-giemsa, requires less than 1 min and reproducibly stains trophozoites and intracystic bodies of p carinii. to determine the utility of dq for rapid detection of p carinii in bal fluid, we reviewed dq-stained slides of 50 bal samples from 36 patients seropositive for hiv+ who had undergone bronchoscopy with bal for evaluation of interstitial p ... | 1989 | 2465872 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by cytologic evaluation of papanicolaou-stained bronchial specimens. | to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of diagnosing pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) by papanicolaou-stained bronchial brushing and wash/lavage specimens obtained by fiberoptic bronchoscopy, the cytologic preparations and clinical records from 58 immunocompromised patients were reviewed. bronchial brushings and wash/lavage specimens were examined using methenamine silver (grocott) and papanicolaou stains. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was recognized with papanicolaou stain by identify ... | 1988 | 2468459 |
| foamy alveolar casts: diagnostic specificity for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is a major infectious complication of immunodeficiency states, including the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) is a safe and effective procedure for making this diagnosis. in addition to the characteristic organisms, both histologic and cytologic material often reveals exudate in the form of foamy alveolar casts (facs). to test the diagnostic utility of facs in bal fluids, we compared 20 pcp-positive and 28 pcp-negative f ... | 1988 | 2468460 |
| a method for isolation of rna from pneumocystis carinii. | total rna from pneumocystis carinii obtained directly from the rat lung and from short term culture on a549 cells was evaluated for size and purity. an isolation procedure using guanidine isothiocyanate and lithium chloride was preferable to a hot phenol method. host cells were eliminated by hypotonic lysis and a series of microfiltrations. pneumocystis carinii were pretreated with zymolyase for increased susceptibility to chaotropic agents. the major ribosomal species of p. carinii rna migrated ... | 1989 | 2468766 |
| a culture method allowing production of relatively pure pneumocystis carinii trophozoites. | 1989 | 2468767 | |
| dynamics of pneumocystis carinii-specific immune complexes in aids patients with p. carinii pneumonia. | pneumocystis carinii-specific immune complexes were detected by immunoblot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) in 53% of sera from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) patients with p. carinii pneumonia (pcp). resolution of glycoprotein antigenemia (50-55 kd = dominant species) appears to correlate with successful pcp drug therapy and recovery. an epitope map has been constructed from immunoblots of p. carinii hydrolysates and from human and murine serum containing p. carinii anti ... | 1989 | 2468768 |
| detection of surface carbohydrates of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2468769 | |
| in vitro differentiation of human-derived pneumocystis carinii. | two major impediments to the development of an in vitro cultivation system for pneumocystis carinii are lack of an accurate means of quantitation and difficulty in determination of viability over time. human-derived p. carinii exists as aggregates of cysts and trophozoites in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. these aggregates persisted over time in an in vitro system consisting of a monolayer of radiated or nonradiated a549 cells, rpmi 1640, and 10% fetal calf serum. parallel measurements at specifi ... | 1989 | 2469697 |
| giemsa staining for cysts and trophozoites of pneumocystis carinii. | although giemsa staining has been routinely used for the detection of trophozoites and intracystic bodies in smears of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (bal) from patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, it does not normally stain the cyst wall. for detection of the cysts other stains such as toluidine blue 'o' and methenamine silver must be used as well. sulphation of smears before staining with giemsa allows cysts to be visualised, thus enabling a single stain to be used to show all the stage ... | 1989 | 2469702 |
| pneumocystis carinii: sequence from ribosomal rna implies a close relationship with fungi. | pneumocystis carinii is the etiologic agent of a lethal pneumonia which occurs in patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and other immunocompromised hosts. the basic biochemical and genetic characteristics of p. carinii are poorly understood and its taxonomic classification as a protozoan is uncertain. to address the taxonomic question, a method was developed for the extraction of total rna from p. carinii. denaturing agarose gel electrophoresis showed the two ribosomal rna ... | 1989 | 2470612 |
| identification of pneumocystis carinii in immunodeficient mice. | various procedures were utilized to determine the most sensitive, cost and labor effective techniques for detection of pneumocystis carinii in immunologically compromised mice. immunoperoxidase staining techniques that utilized polyclonal antibodies directed against purified rat or mouse p. carinii were more sensitive and specific than staining with gomori's methenamine silver. indirect immunofluorescence microscopy on frozen sections was comparable to immunoperoxidase staining, but lacked fine ... | 1989 | 2470952 |
| organization of microbiology laboratory services for the diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | when faced with the ever-increasing demand for the rapid laboratory diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), as well as a variety of fungal, parasitic, and bacterial opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (hiv)-infected individuals, the chest service and the clinical microbiology laboratory at san francisco general hospital developed a coordinated plan for the collection and rapid examination of specimens to allow presumptive diagnoses to be made as quickly as possibl ... | 1989 | 2473507 |
| fluorescence microscopy of papanicolaou-stained bronchoalveolar lavage specimens in the diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2473590 | |
| cresyl violet: a rapid, simple, easily interpretable stain for detecting pneumocystis carinii in sputum. | over a three-month period at the pathology laboratory of jackson memorial hospital, 110 sputum samples from 62 hospitalized patients with suspected aids were examined for pneumocystis carinii. sputum specimens were either expectorated spontaneously (most patients) or expectorated after the inhalation of small amounts of nebulized normal saline. each sputum sample was cytocentrifuged onto two slides. one slide was stained with gomori methenamine-silver (gms) and the other with cresyl violet (cv). ... | 1989 | 2474858 |
| the use of an indirect fluorescent antibody test for detecting pneumocystis carinii. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. an indirect fluorescent antibody (ifa) test has been developed using monoclonal antibodies specific for antigens on the surface of p carinii. we tested the sensitivity and specificity of this ifa test for detecting p carinii in respiratory specimens of immunocompromised patients with pulmonary symptoms undergoing bronchoscopy. both the bronchial wash and bronchoalveolar lavage specimens of p ... | 1989 | 2476103 |
| pneumocystis carinii: taxing taxonomy. | the detailed taxonomy of pneumocystis carinii has not been decided. most experts agree that it is either a fungus or a protozoan. in favor of a fungal designation are the recent reports that 16s and 18s rrna sequences of p. carinii have greater homology to saccharomyces cerevisiae and neurospora crassa than to selected protozoa. other studies show that sequences of the 18s and 26s rrna, microtubular ultrastructure, membrane fusion potential and dna content per cell resemble protozoa more than fu ... | 1989 | 2477272 |
| evidence for shared epitopes between cardiolipin and pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2477468 | |
| limb allografts in rats immunosuppressed with fk506. i. reversal of rejection and indefinite survival. | we have tested the effects of fk506 (fk), a new immunosuppressive agent, on a rat limb allograft model. histoincompatible bn limb allografts were rejected in untreated f344 hosts within 11 +/- 1 days (mean +/- sd) after operation. a single injection of 2 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, or 50 mg/kg of fk on the day of limb transplantation (day 0) significantly prolonged graft survival in a dose-dependent manner--i.e., mean limb survival times (mst) based on gross signs of skin rejection were 16 +/- 3 days, 51 + ... | 1989 | 2479130 |
| [an experimental study on prednisolone-induced interstitial pneumonia caused by pneumocystis carinii]. | this study was performed to observe the role of pneumocystis carinii as an etiologic agent of interstitial pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts. total 90 male sprague-dawley rats, approximately 150-180 g, were used. fifteen of them were used as control group and remaining 75 (5 groups) were as immunosuppression groups; group 1 received prednisolone (25 mg/kg twice weekly) only; group 2 prednisolone and tetracycline (75 mk/kg/day); group 3 prednisolone, tetracycline and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxaz ... | 1989 | 2486828 |
| the expanding spectrum of pneumocystis carinii infection in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | 1989 | 2491249 | |
| [respiratory distress in an addict on parenteral drugs with tricuspid endocarditis due to staphylococcus aureus and with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a case of a female, intravenous (i.v.) drug user with respiratory distress syndrome as first manifestation 24 hours after admission, is presented. the clinical suspicion of tricuspid valve endocarditis associated to pneumocystis carinii pneumonia arose because this patient was a member of a high-risk aids group. an empiric treatment was applied and the diagnosis was made posterior to this. we comment on the unusual coincidence of both pathologic states, highlighting the early diagnosis and treat ... | 1989 | 2491492 |
| zidovudine treatment of patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex: st stephen's hospital experience. | zidovudine was used in an open uncontrolled study for treatment of 145 human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) patients, 102 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids) and 43 with symptomatic hiv disease (acquired immune deficiency syndrome related-complex, arc). the mean period of follow-up was 6 +/- 2.5 months. the median survival time of aids patients on zidovudine was 4.5 times longer when compared to a historical zidovudine untreated aids group (1657 vs. 370 days). this should be interprete ... | 1989 | 2492585 |
| eflornithine for the treatment of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome: a preliminary review. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) is the most common opportunistic infection in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). eflornithine is an antiprotozoal agent active against p. carinii. it acts by inhibiting ornithine decarboxylase, an enzyme that is essential for cellular function. the drug is initially administered intravenously, followed by oral therapy. eflornithine has been used on a compassionate basis in aids patients with pcp who were intolerant of or unresponsive to ... | 1989 | 2493638 |
| high-pressure liquid chromatographic analysis of eflornithine in serum. | eflornithine [2-(difluoromethyl)-dl-ornithine monohydrochloride, monohydrate; dfmo] is an ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor used to treat pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) in aids patients unresponsive or intolerant to conventional drug therapy. a reversed-phase hplc method utilizing precolumn dansylation is described which permits the analysis of dfmo in serum of aids patients in support of pharmacokinetic studies. norvaline (2-amino valeric acid) was added as the internal standard and the s ... | 1989 | 2497239 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary infections in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | over a three-year period, 54 episodes of pneumonia were diagnosed in 45 adults infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). these episodes were reviewed in order to assess the distribution of pathogens and their clinical presentation. thirty-six episodes were due to an opportunistic pathogen (pneumocystis carinii in 31, mycobacterium avium complex in 3, mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2), and 18 were caused by non-opportunistic pathogens (11 streptococcus pneumoniae, 2 haemophilus influen ... | 1989 | 2498092 |
| disseminated infection of pneumocystis carinii in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | this report describes the histopathology of a disseminated pneumocystis carinii infection in a 24-year-old japanese male haemophiliac diagnosed as having the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. he developed respiratory symptoms, and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy. on the 70th day of hospitalization the patient died. autopsy findings revealed pneumocystis carinii not only in the lungs but also in the stomach, jejunum, ileum, colon, mesoappendix, abdomin ... | 1989 | 2499110 |
| recovery of human immunodeficiency virus and detection of p24 antigen in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from adult patients with aids. | published reports indicate that hiv is recovered from bal fluid of patients with aids who have lip but not with other aids-related pulmonary disease. our experience has been different. ten bal specimens from nine patients with aids were cultured directly in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and all ten cultures were positive for hiv as indicated by examination of the culture supernatant by reverse transcriptase assay and enzyme immunoassay for hiv antigen. five of the specimens were also posit ... | 1989 | 2500312 |
| the radiographic appearances of infection and acute rejection of the lung after heart-lung transplantation. | thirty-two patients underwent combined heart and lung transplantation at papworth hospital between 1984 and 1987. the clinical and physiologic observations made at the time of episodes of infection and rejection together with the histopathology of lung tissue obtained by transbronchial lung biopsy were compared with pre- and postepisode chest radiographs. there were 45 episodes of rejection in 20 patients: 23 episodes during the first month after transplantation, and 22 after 1 month. twenty-six ... | 1989 | 2502057 |
| anticardiolipin antibodies in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | we undertook a prospective study of igg and igm anticardiolipin antibodies (acas) to determine their clinical significance in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). igg acas were found in 24 (92.3%) of 26 patients with aids who were hospitalized for pulmonary complaints (group 1) and in 13 (93%) of 14 patients with aids-related complex (group 2). in addition, 17 (94%) of 18 patients with aids (group 3) who had coagulation tests and were studied retrospectively had igg acas. the ... | 1989 | 2504122 |
| [a case of adult t-cell leukemia with pulmonary cryptococcosis, cryptococcal meningitis and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia]. | a 66-year-old woman was admitted to the medical college hospital of oita on february 23, 1988, because of headache and fever. chest x-p and chest ct findings showed a coin lesion in r-s4. cryptococcus neoformans was isolated from the csf. abnormal lymphocytes with lobulated nuclei were found in 0-5% of peripheral leukocytes. the atla-antibody was positive and bone marrow smear showed normal myelogram. according to these data, we diagnosed the patient as smouldering adult t-cell leukemia accompan ... | 1989 | 2509595 |
| depletion of cd8+ cells in human thymic medulla results in selective immune deficiency. | cd8 molecules expressed on the surface of a subset of t cells participate in the selection of class i mhc antigen-restricted t cells in the thymus, and in mhc-restricted immune responses of mature class i mhc antigen-restricted t cells. here we describe an immune-deficient patient with lack of cd8+ peripheral blood cells. the patient presented with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and was unable to reject an allogeneic skin graft, but had normal primary and secondary antibody responses. examinatio ... | 1989 | 2511270 |
| the efficacy and toxicity of azidothymidine (azt) in the treatment of patients with aids and aids-related complex (arc): an open uncontrolled treatment study. | the efficacy and toxicity of oral azidothymidine has been studied in 145 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc). the median survival time of aids patients on azidothymidine was 4.5 times higher when compared to a historical aids group who had not received the drug. this result must be interpreted with caution because of changes in treatment of hiv infection and growing awareness of aids which may have led to earlier diagnosis in the group treate ... | 1989 | 2512592 |
| pneumocystis carinii is not a major cause of pneumonia in hiv infected patients in lusaka, zambia. | the clinical occurrence of pneumocystis carinii and mycobacterium tuberculosis was investigated in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) who had clinical pneumonia of unknown aetiology in lusaka, zambia. the results were compared with a similar group of patients in stockholm, sweden. induced sputum samples were stained for pneumocystis by indirect immunofluorescence using monoclonal antibody 3f6 and toluidine blue o. mycobacterial culture and acid fast stain were performed on ... | 1989 | 2515630 |
| [pneumonia due to pneumocystis carinii: experimental design in rats]. | 1989 | 2519460 | |
| the prevalence and management of pain in patients with aids: a review of 134 cases. | in light of the lack of any prior systematic evaluations of the prevalence and types of pain syndromes and treatments found in patients with aids, a chart review study was undertaken to evaluate this issue. fifty-two of 96 charts reviewed (54%) had at least one note on nonprocedural pain or analgesic prescription. although chest pain was the most prevalent pain location (22%), presumably because of the high incidence of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, other possible aids-related entities, such a ... | 1989 | 2520410 |
| trimetrexate for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2521370 | |
| clinical experience with zidovudine for patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and acquired immune deficiency syndrome-related complex. | we have treated 113 patients with zidovudine since its licensure, 80 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and 33 with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-related complex. this paper reports on the efficacy and toxicity observed in these patients. improved well-being, reduced frequency and severity of opportunist infections were notable in the first year of follow-up. more rapid improvement in pulmonary physiological tests during recovery from pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was also observed in ... | 1989 | 2521663 |
| [induced expectoration in the search for pneumocystis carinii in hiv seropositive patients. value and limitations]. | 1989 | 2521727 | |
| desensitization to trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole in patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome and pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | in three of eight patients with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome the pneumocystis carinii pneumonia treated with intravenous trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole, drug-related reactions occurred 9, 10, and 13 days after therapy. the symptom complex consisted of a maculopapular eruption, fever, eosinophilia, and leukopenia. oral desensitization with graded doses of trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole was successfully achieved in two of the three patients. | 1989 | 2522290 |
| effects of steroid-induced pneumocystis carinii on alveolar macrophages in the rat. | 1989 | 2523482 | |
| characterization and cloning of pneumocystis carinii nucleic acid. | large numbers of pneumocystis carinii (2 x 10(10) nuclei) were isolated and separated from the lungs of immunosuppressed rats by an enzymatic (collagenase, hyaluronidase and dnase) digestion procedure. the nucleic acid isolated from this p. carinii-enriched preparation was characterized by melting point analysis and rna-sizing gels. the gc content of p. carinii dna was approximately 33% while the rat dna was 41.4%. in addition, rna isolated from the p. carinii-enriched preparation showed unique ... | 1989 | 2523483 |
| predictors of outcome in aids patients receiving zidovudine. | fifty-eight aids patients who previously had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) were enrolled in an open trial of zidovudine therapy. we analyzed baseline clinical and laboratory parameters to identify predictors of outcome. fifty-eight patients were followed for a mean of 26.5 weeks. there were 17 deaths; the probability of survival at 24 weeks was 0.81. forty-one participants had unsuccessful outcomes, which included new opportunistic infections (24), progressive neurologic deterioration (2) ... | 1989 | 2524583 |
| guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp), the most common presenting manifestation of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), is a major and recurring cause of morbidity and mortality for persons infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). in recent years, important advances have been made in understanding which patient subpopulations are at highest risk for developing pcp and in the design of chemotherapeutic regimens that can reduce the frequency of this illness. recently, a numbe ... | 1989 | 2524643 |
| from the centers for disease control. guidelines for prophylaxis against pneumocystis carinii pneumonia for persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus. | 1989 | 2525628 | |
| successful prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in aids patients with previous allergic reactions. | thirty-four homosexual patients with aids were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia between april 1984 and november 1985. all 31 survivors were treated with oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) prophylaxis immediately upon completion of intravenous therapy, despite the prior occurrence of hypersensitivity reactions to intravenous tmp-smx in 21 of these patients. only four patients had subsequent reactions to oral tmp-smx requiring the drug's discontinuation. none of the patients re ... | 1989 | 2526871 |
| characterization of de novo folate synthesis in pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii: potential for screening therapeutic agents. | drug therapy studies imply that pneumocystis carinii and toxoplasma gondii possess the enzymes necessary for de novo folate synthesis. to verify this, incorporation of [3h]paraaminobenzoic acid [( 3h]paba) into reduced folates by p. carinii and t. gondii was investigated. both organisms synthesized tritiated reduced folates. in p. carinii, 10-formyltetrahydrofolate and tetrahydrofolate, and in t. gondii, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate were the major synthesized folates. p. carinii remained metabolical ... | 1989 | 2527275 |
| primary dapsone chemoprophylaxis for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in immunocompromised patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. | during a 12-month period from august 1, 1986 to july 31, 1987, a study of primary chemoprophylaxis with dapsone for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was undertaken in immunodeficient patients who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. one attack of p. carinii pneumonia occurred among 16 patients who received chemoprophylaxis immediately that a t-helper (cd4) lymphocyte count of less than 0.2 x 10(9)/l was recorded compared with 16 attacks in the historical control group of 46 similar ... | 1989 | 2528052 |
| recent developments in the therapy and management of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in patients with aids. | 1989 | 2535121 | |
| diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after pulmonary irradiation for metastatic wilms' tumor. a report from the national wilms' tumor study. | to evaluate the frequency, etiology, and outcome of diffuse interstitial pneumonitis after treatment of children with stage iv (favorable histologic type) wilms' tumor using whole-lung and abdominal radiation therapy, and combination chemotherapy, all cases reported in such patients entered on national wilms' tumor study 3 were reviewed. diffuse interstitial pneumonitis was reported in 13.0% of patients. the etiology was varicella, one patient; pneumocystis carinii, three patients; and unknown, ... | 1989 | 2536290 |
| diagnostic implications of ga-67 chest-scan patterns in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. | consecutive gallium-67 scans (n = 237) of 180 human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with suspected pulmonary infections were evaluated for intensity and pattern of gallium distribution. scan findings were correlated with the history, chest radiographic findings, and clinicopathologic diagnoses. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) occurred significantly more often with heterogeneous diffuse uptake than with homogeneous diffuse uptake. heterogeneous diffuse uptake had an 87% positive ... | 1989 | 2536945 |
| elevated levels of angiotensin-converting enzyme in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | serum angiotensin-converting enzyme (ace) levels are elevated in sarcoidosis and have been used both to diagnose and to assess response to treatment of this disease. we report significantly (p less than .0005) elevated ace levels in patients with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) (49 +/- 14 u/l) compared with normal control subjects (32 +/- 11 u/l) tested within 48 hours of hospital admission. serum ace levels in smoking control subjects (33 +/- 11 u/l) were not significantly (alpha = .05) di ... | 1989 | 2538296 |
| [pulmonary changes in aids]. | we reviewed retrospectively the clinical records of 28 patients with aids staged group iv according to cdc-criteria. among these, 19 had pulmonary disease: most of them (n = 17) had pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp). 12/17 patients with proven pcp displayed typical x-ray findings with diffuse perihilar interstitial infiltration sparing lung periphery. 3/17 had atypical features and 2 normal chest x-ray findings. these data are important to identify patients with pulmonary complications of aid ... | 1989 | 2538872 |
| diagnosis, treatment and outcome of pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome. | fibreoptic bronchoscopy was performed in 43 of 52 consecutive patients with opportunistic pneumonia in the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (aids). the 15 patients in whom a likely pathogen was not found by bronchoscopy (including the nine not having the procedure) were treated for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) alone and all responded. in 11 of these a diagnosis of aids was confirmed because of an alternative opportunistic infection within 6 months. pcp was confirmed in 38 of the 52 pa ... | 1989 | 2540241 |
| ribosomal rna genes of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2540326 | |
| surface labeling of pneumocystis carinii from in vitro culture. | pneumocystis carinii is an opportunistic pathogen of man, carried as a commensal in healthy subjects. it frequently causes a fatal pneumonia in the immunosuppressed host. it is a major complication of hiv-1 infection in man (aids). using surface radioiodination of rat-derived p. carinii trophozoites obtained from in vitro culture, a major surface glycoprotein (gp120) has been identified. the glycoprotein exhibits adherent behavior similar to that of the intact organism. purification of gp120 by ... | 1989 | 2540327 |
| incidence, distribution, and outcome of episodes of infection in 100 orthotopic liver transplantations. | of 83 patients who underwent 100 orthotopic liver transplantations, 53 had a single transplant procedure and at least 6 months of follow-up. in this main study group of 53 patients, major infections developed in 28 (53%) (a mean of 1.8 major episodes per infected patient). of 51 major infections, 27 were bacterial, 19 were viral, 3 were protozoan, and 2 were fungal. of the 27 bacterial infections, 22 (81%) occurred in the first 2 months after transplantation. of the 40 bacterial isolates in the ... | 1989 | 2542701 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in renal transplant recipients treated with cyclosporin]. | four cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurred among 38 renal transplant recipients. diagnosis was confirmed by cyst concentration technique in 2 cases. the other 2 cases were clinically, from the rapid improvement of fever, pulmonary infiltrates and hypoxia following a therapeutic trial of high dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. all patients responded to treatment with high dose sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim. three patients survived pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but i died due to aspe ... | 1989 | 2544088 |
| pulmonary infection after cardiac transplantation: clinical and radiologic correlations. | forty-one episodes of radiographically demonstrated pulmonary infection developed in 35 (30%) of 118 cardiac transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine. the most common pathogens were cytomegalovirus (cmv) (13 episodes), pneumocystis carinii (12 episodes), and aspergillus (five episodes). appearance of cmv infection on radiographs was generalized and hazy (n = 9) or limited to one lobe (n = 4). all episodes of p carinii pneumonia, including six combined with cmv infection, appeared diffusel ... | 1989 | 2544923 |
| [cryptococcus neoformans meningoencephalitis and multiple infections in aids]. | a 40-year old homosexual aids patient recovering from a pneumocystis carinii pneumonia developed a cryptococcus neoformans infection with involvement of the central nervous system (cns) which could be treated successfully with amphotericin b and flucytosine. after a symptom-free interval of 4 1/2 months, a new acute fatal disease of the cns did not reveal a cryptococcosis relapse but a necrotizing toxoplasma encephalitis, a cytomegalovirus infection and striking cultural findings of staphylococc ... | 1989 | 2545969 |
| bronchoalveolar lavage in liver transplant patients. | because immunosuppression is required to control rejection, liver allograft recipients are susceptible to a variety of opportunistic pathogens. a total of 191 bronchoalveolar lavage (bal) specimens from 89 patients (53 adults and 36 children) who underwent orthotopic liver transplantation was reviewed. one case each of cytomegalovirus (cmv), staphylococcal and enterobacter pneumonia was diagnosed with the aid of pretransplant bal. the pretransplant bal in 62 patients showed rare yeasts in 24.2%; ... | 1989 | 2546352 |
| cytomegalovirus the predominant cause of pneumonia in renal transplant patients. a two-year study of pneumonia in renal transplant recipients with evaluation of fiberoptic bronchoscopy. | the microbiological etiology of pneumonia in 34 renal transplant patients with clinical and x-ray evidence of pulmonary parenchymal disease was studied. fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (bal), transbronchial lung biopsy (tbb) and brushing was performed on 18 patients. laboratory evaluation included histological and cytological methods, cultures for bacteria, fungus and virus and immunofluorescence techniques for the detection of pneumocystis carinii, cytomegalovirus (cmv) and ... | 1989 | 2547242 |
| diagnosis of pulmonary disease in human immunodeficiency virus infection: role of transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage. | the value of transbronchial biopsy and bronchoalveolar lavage was assessed in the diagnosis of pulmonary disease in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). seventy four transbronchial biopsy and 66 bronchoalveolar lavage specimens (60 paired specimens) from 80 examinations in 64 patients were reviewed. pneumocystis carinii was the most common pathogen isolated (43 patients). bronchoalveolar lavage was superior to transbronchial biopsy for the diagnosis of this pathogen, th ... | 1989 | 2549653 |
| pituitary pathology in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | pituitary morphology was studied in 49 autopsied patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. direct infectious involvement was noted in six adenohypophyses (12%), including five cases by cytomegalovirus and one by pneumocystis carinii. two cases with neurohypophysial lesions presumably caused by cytomegalovirus and one questionable case of toxoplasma gondii were also observed. in all instances these changes were associated with generalized and/or cerebral infection by these same agents. ne ... | 1989 | 2549907 |
| cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. | a case of cytomegalovirus retinitis in an infant with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is described. although well recognized as an ocular manifestation of aids in adults, only one case of the necrotic retinitis caused by cytomegalovirus has been described in a child with aids. intravenous treatment with ganciclovir resulted in substantial ocular improvement, despite the advanced nature of the disease in one eye in which there was also secondary neovascular glaucoma. home maintenance tr ... | 1989 | 2550878 |
| pulmonary disease in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | pulmonary disease is the most important cause of morbidity and mortality in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). all parts of the hospital system are expected to be involved in the diagnosis and treatment of hiv infected patients in the coming years. many different processes cause pulmonary disease alone or in combination. bilateral interstitial infiltrates are the most frequent chest x-ray abnormality and are most frequently caused by infection with pneumocystis carinii. c ... | 1989 | 2553341 |
| three opportunistic infections associated with ectopic corticotropin syndrome. | cytomegalovirus pneumonia, pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, and pulmonary and disseminated aspergillosis occurred simultaneously in a 66-year-old white man with oat cell carcinoma and ectopic corticotropin production. hypokalemia, a recent normal chest roentgenogram, and a large left adrenal mass on a computed tomographic scan confused the initial clinical evaluation. the aspergillosis proved fulminant and lethal. | 1989 | 2554832 |
| outpatient diagnosis and treatment of aids-related pulmonary infections. | a large number and variety of organisms can infect the lungs of persons with aids. an abnormal chest x-ray associated with pulmonary symptoms should trigger a vigorous search for an infectious agent. in many cases, if the patient is ambulatory, the workup can proceed on an outpatient basis. pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is the most common infection and also one of the most readily treatable illnesses that these patients encounter. a careful and considered diagnostic approach is necessary to con ... | 1989 | 2558002 |
| [adult respiratory distress produced by pneumocystis carinii in a patient without aids]. | a case of a patient receiving chemotherapy because of breast cancer who developed adult respiratory distress caused by pneumocystis carinii pneumonia is presented. the evolution was good after treatment with 20 mg/kg/day of trimethoprim and 100 mg/kg/day of sulfamethoxazole. | 1989 | 2562373 |
| diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by non-experts. | 1989 | 2562872 | |
| early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii infection. | 1989 | 2563020 | |
| exercise oximetry for early diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2563133 | |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia by inhaled pentamidine. | the efficacy and toxicity of pentamidine inhaled once a month to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) was investigated in 102 patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) or aids-related complex (arc). the cohort was compared with historical controls after a mean duration of prophylaxis of 6.38 months. 86% and 15% of the patients had aids or arc, respectively. 50% of patients had had one previous episode of pcp, 9% had had two episodes, and 3% had had three. 11 patients ac ... | 1989 | 2564468 |
| clindamycin with primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | combined therapy with clindamycin and primaquine was used in twenty-eight episodes of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 25 patients, of whom 17 had been unresponsive or intolerant to conventional treatment and 8 were being treated for the first time. the treatment was effective in all but two episodes, the main adverse reaction being a generalised maculopapular rash. | 1989 | 2566001 |
| unique alterations of thyroid hormone indices in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) | to determine alterations in serum thyroid hormone indices in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection. | 1989 | 2567143 |
| prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia relapse by pentamidine aerosol in zidovudine-treated aids patients. | to examine the efficacy and tolerance of pentamidine aerosol in the prevention of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (pcp) relapse in patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) being treated with zidovudine, 51 patients who had had an episode of pcp in the previous 5 months were enrolled in a randomised controlled study. 25 patients (group i) received pentamidine mesylate aerosol (4 mg/kg every 2 weeks for the first month then monthly) and zidovudine, and 26 patients (group ii) zido ... | 1989 | 2567372 |
| failure of pyrimethamine-clindamycin combination for prophylaxis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2567474 | |
| sputum induction for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 51 patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and with suspected pneumocystis carinii pneumonia underwent sputum induction. sputum specimens from 18 patients were positive for p carinii and patients were treated appropriately 25 of the 33 patients with negative specimens underwent bronchoscopy and bronchoalveolar lavage within 4 days of sputum induction, only 1 of whom had evidence of pneumocystis infection. for diagnosis of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, sputum induction acc ... | 1989 | 2568530 |
| inhaled pentamidine in pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2570253 | |
| clindamycin/primaquine for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2570324 | |
| pentamidine aerosol to prevent pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. | 1989 | 2571064 | |
| increased sensitivity of immunofluorescence for detection of pneumocystis carinii. | 1989 | 2574793 | |
| prevention of lung infections associated with human immunodeficiency virus infection. | current evidence indicates that the length of survival for patients with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids) is increasing, thereby affording a greater opportunity for strategies designed to prevent the infectious diseases that mark the syndrome. because these infections may occur at different stages of immunosuppression caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv), effective application of preventive measures depends not only on detection of hiv infection but also on the use of st ... | 1989 | 2575801 |
| pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids). diagnosis with bronchial brushings, biopsy, and bronchoalveolar lavage. | sixty-one diagnostic biopsies for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were performed on 40 homosexual male patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (aids), using flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopy. bronchial brushings and bronchoalveolar lavage were performed in conjunction with the biopsy in 58 and 29 bronchoscopies, respectively. using a rapid methenamine silver stain, p carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 27 (68 percent) of the patients. twenty of these patients had a repeat biopsy one or mor ... | 1985 | 2580669 |
| [pathologic changes of infections in patients after receiving immunosuppressive therapy in renal allografts]. | 30 cases of autopsies of patients who died after human renal allografts were studied. the incidence of infection was 60% and the lethal infectious complications amounted to 43%. the most common infectious agents were bacteria, including mycobacterium tuberculosis. in addition, some opportunistic agents, such as cryptococcus, aspergillus, mucormycosis, pneumocystis carinii and cytomegalovirus were also found. all these patients had a history of receiving large dosage of immunosuppressive drugs su ... | 1989 | 2582555 |
| [pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. aspects of clinical evolution in 37 cases]. | this study concerns 37 cases of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in aids patients. the time elapsed between human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) seropositivity and the onset of pneumocystosis has been established. three clinical types are individualized. in cases with normal x-ray films of the chest, measurement of carbon dioxide transfer capacity, always reduced, has led to a bronchoalveolar lavage which provided an early diagnosis. in spite of good response to treatment, the prognosis of pneumocys ... | 1989 | 2587892 |
| [a new case of necrotizing pneumocystosis in aids]. | the authors report the case of an aids patient presenting with both streptococcus pneumoniae pneumoniae and pneumocystosis. what was remarkable in that case was the appearance, in an otherwise favourable course, of a large excavation in the territory of the pneumonia. the responsibility of pneumocystis carinii in this excavation is discussed. | 1989 | 2587895 |