Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| comparative activities of clinafloxacin against gram-positive and -negative bacteria. | activities of clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, sparfloxacin, trovafloxacin, piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ceftazidime, and imipenem against 354 ciprofloxacin-susceptible and -intermediate-resistant organisms were tested by agar dilution. clinafloxacin yielded the lowest quinolone mics (< or = 0.5 microg/ml against ciprofloxacin-susceptible organisms and < or = 16.0 microg/ml against ciprofloxacin-intermediate-resistant organisms) compared to tho ... | 1998 | 9593165 |
| in vitro activities of clinafloxacin against contemporary clinical bacterial isolates from 10 north american centers. | clinafloxacin was more active than ciprofloxacin against 4,213 aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacterial isolates from 10 medical centers, as tested by broth microdilution and disk diffusion methods. the percentage of 201 anaerobes susceptible to clinafloxacin by broth microdilution was comparable to cefoxitin. our data support the proposed disk diffusion interpretive criteria for aerobic bacteria with 5-microg clinafloxacin disks. | 1998 | 9593166 |
| antibacterial activities and inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its optical isomers against type ii topoisomerases. | the in vitro inhibitory effects of sitafloxacin (du-6859a) and its three stereoisomers on bacterial dna gyrase from escherichia coli, topoisomerase iv from staphylococcus aureus, and topoisomerase ii from human placenta were compared. no correlation was observed between the inhibitory activities of quinolones against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and those against human topoisomerase ii. sitafloxacin showed the most potent inhibitory activities against bacterial type ii topoisomerases and the ... | 1998 | 9593169 |
| [bacteremia after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography with and without therapeutic procedure: frequency, associated factors and clinical significance]. | to determine the frequency, associate factors and clinical features of bacteremia in patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ercp), with or without therapeutic procedures. | 1997 | 9595746 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa lasr transcription correlates with the transcription of lasa, lasb, and toxa in chronic lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis. | the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa quorum-sensing systems in the lung infections associated with cystic fibrosis (cf) has not been examined. the purpose of this study was to determine if genes regulated by the lasr-lasi quorum-sensing system were coordinately regulated by the p. aeruginosa populations during the lung infections associated with cf. we also wanted to ascertain if there was a relationship between the expression of lasr, a transcriptional regulator, and some p. aeruginosa virulence ... | 1998 | 9596711 |
| characterization of the type 3 fimbrial adhesins of klebsiella strains. | the klebsiella pneumoniae fimbrial adhesin, mrkd, mediates adherence to the basolateral surfaces of renal and pulmonary epithelia and to the basement membranes of tissues. although all isolates possessing the mrkd adhesin mediate the agglutination, in vitro, of erythrocytes treated with tannic acid, the mrkd gene is not conserved within species. the ability of a plasmid-borne mrkd gene product to mediate binding to type v collagen is associated frequently with strains of k. oxytoca and rarely wi ... | 1998 | 9596764 |
| comparison of in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms with quinolones and beta-lactam antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of trovafloxacin against 721 gram-negative and 498 gram-positive organisms was determined by the standard microdilution broth method using commercially prepared frozen microtiter plates. the activity of trovafloxacin was compared to ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, amoxicillin/clavulanate, ampicillin/sulbactam (1:1), piperacillin/tazobactam, ceftriaxone, and imipenem. trovafloxacin had equal or greater activity compared with the other agents tested against citrobacter diversus, en ... | 1998 | 9597391 |
| [development of resistance and utilization of fluoroquinolones in a university hospital]. | the results of a retrospective study in the faculty hospital, hradec králové (fhhk) show a steep increase in the consumption of fluoroquinolones in the course of six years. since 1989, when 360 defined daily doses (ddd) were administered, the consumption increased to 2,825 ddds in 1992 and 52,162 ddds in 1995. at the same time, resistance to ofloxacine and ciprofloxacine was increased many times in some bacterial species isolated from patients admitted to fhhk. in the strains pseudomonas aerugin ... | 1997 | 9600142 |
| imipenem resistance in aerobic gram-negative bacteria. | a prospective study was undertaken to observe the emergence of resistance to imipenem, if any, among aerobic gram-negative bacteria. a total of 736 isolates were tested during 1994-95 and less than 1% of them were resistant to imipenem, whereas the next year ('95-'96) the rate increased to 11 of the 903 isolates tested. the resistant isolates during '94-'95 were all stenotrophomonas maltophilia whereas the spectrum of resistant bacterial species increased in '95-'96 to include pseudomonas aerugi ... | 1998 | 9603633 |
| phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity in an l-phosphonoalanine-mineralizing strain of burkholderia cepacia | a strain of burkholderia cepacia isolated by enrichment culture utilized l-2-amino-3-phosphonopropionic acid (phosphonoalanine) at concentrations up to 20 mm as a carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus source in a phosphate-insensitive manner. cells contained phosphoenolpyruvate phosphomutase activity, presumed to be responsible for cleavage of the c---p bond of phosphonopyruvate, the transamination product of l-phosphonoalanine; this was inducible in the presence of phosphonoalanine. | 1998 | 9603854 |
| sensitivities and specificities of premier e. coli o157 and premier ehec enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of infection with verotxin (shiga-like toxin)-producing escherichia coli. the synsorb pk study investigators. | this study describes the performance of two rapid enzyme immunoassays, premier e. coli o157 and premier ehec (meridian diagnostics inc., cincinnati, ohio) for the detection in stools of escherichia coli o157 and verotoxins (shiga-like toxins), respectively. both tests were performed on stools from 876 children presenting to eight emergency departments with diarrhea. standard culture, including e. coli o157:h7 isolation, was performed, and paired sera were taken for anti-o157-lipopolysaccharide a ... | 1998 | 9620386 |
| microscopic examination and broth culture of cerebrospinal fluid in diagnosis of meningitis. | we reviewed the results of microscopic gram stain examination and routine culture for 2,635 cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples processed in an adult hospital microbiology laboratory during 55 months. there were 56 instances of bacterial or fungal meningitis (16 associated with central nervous system [cns] shunt infection), four infections adjacent to the subarachnoid space, four cases of sepsis without meningitis, and an additional 220 csf specimens with positive cultures in which the organism is ... | 1998 | 9620388 |
| factors affecting attachment of enterobacter cloacae to germinating cotton seed | 1998 | 9622569 | |
| initial concentration-time profile of gentamicin determines efficacy against enterobacter cloacae atcc 13047. | in vitro studies were designed to investigate the influence of peak drug concentration (cmax), the area under the concentration-time curve (auc), and, consequently, the trough concentration on the bactericidal effects of gentamicin against enterobacter cloacae (mic, 0.5 mg/liter) by simulating bolus versus infusion administration and bolus dosing with altered drug clearance. bacteria in the lag phase were exposed to gentamicin concentration-time profiles modelling either bolus or infusion dosing ... | 1998 | 9624478 |
| oral antimicrobial prophylaxis in bone marrow transplant recipients: randomized trial of ciprofloxacin versus ciprofloxacin-vancomycin. | the optimal oral antimicrobial prophylactic regimen for bone marrow transplant recipients remains to be elucidated. we randomized 84 patients to receive either oral ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin plus vancomycin at hospital admission. patients were monitored for bacteremias and clinical parameters, and stool and throat swab surveillance cultures were performed. the addition of vancomycin resulted in a significant decrease in the frequency of patients with surveillance cultures positive for coagu ... | 1998 | 9624484 |
| contribution of beta-lactamases to beta-lactam susceptibilities of susceptible and multidrug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates. | the beta-lactamases in 154 clinical mycobacterium tuberculosis strains were studied. susceptibilities to beta-lactam antibiotics, their combination with clavulanate (2:1), and two fluoroquinolones were determined in 24 m. tuberculosis strains susceptible to antimycobacterial drugs and in nine multiresistant strains. all 154 m. tuberculosis isolates showed a single chromosomal beta-lactamase pattern (pi 4.9 and 5.1). m. tuberculosis beta-lactamase hydrolyzes cefotaxime with a maximum rate of 22.5 ... | 1998 | 9624510 |
| overexpression, isotopic labeling, and spectral characterization of enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase. | bacterial nitroreductases have generated much interest recently due to their central roles in both nitroaromatic bioremediation and nitroaromatic toxicity, mutagenicity, and carcinogenicity. enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (nr) has been subcloned into the pet overexpression system and purified to homogeneity via a four-step procedure resulting in a final yield of 65.7 mg per liter. overexpression in minimal media containing 15nh4cl as the sole source of nitrogen yielded 37.6 mg per liter of ... | 1998 | 9631515 |
| identification and sequence analysis of a 27-kilobase chromosomal fragment containing a salmonella pathogenicity island located at 92 minutes on the chromosome map of salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium lt2. | using a genomic approach, we have identified a new salmonella pathogenicity island, spi-4, which is the fourth salmonella pathogenicity island to be identified. spi-4 was located at 92 min on the chromosome map and was flanked by the ssb and soxsr loci. the dna sequence covering the entire spi-4 and both boundaries was determined. the size of spi-4 was about 25 kb and it contains 18 putative open reading frames (orfs). three of these orfs encode proteins that have significant homology with prote ... | 1998 | 9632606 |
| cloning, sequencing, and phenotypic characterization of the rpos gene from pseudomonas putida kt2440. | a gene homologous to the rpos gene of escherichia coli was cloned from a pseudomonas putida kt2440 gene bank by complementation of the rpos-deficient strain e. coli zk918. the rpos gene of p. putida complemented the acid sensitivity and catalase deficiency of the rpos mutant of e. coli and stimulated expression of the rpos-controlled promoter, bolap1. the gene was sequenced and found to be highly similar to the rpos genes of other gram-negative bacteria. like in other gram-negative bacteria, a h ... | 1998 | 9642197 |
| mutants of citrobacter freundii that transport and utilize melibiose. | we have isolated mutants of citrobacter freundii that can grow on melibiose. inducible alpha-galactosidase activity and melibiose transport activity were detected in the mutant cells but not in the wild-type cells. we detected a dna region which hybridized with melb (the gene for the melibiose transporter) dna of escherichia coli in the chromosomal dna of wild-type c. freundii. protons, but not sodium ions, were found to be the coupling cations for melibiose (and methyl-beta-d-thiogalactoside) t ... | 1998 | 9642207 |
| mycotic aneurysm in a free flap. | a 41-year-old man developed a 3 x 4 cm wound after corrective osteotomies of his distal tibia and fibula. the wound was debrided and covered with a free gracilis muscle flap. seven days after flap transfer, the arterial pedicle ruptured adjacent to the anastomosis. attempted repair of the aneurysm failed and the graft was subsequently debrided. intraoperative wound cultures grew pseudomonas and enterobacter cloacae, which were attributed to formation of the aneurysm. | 1998 | 9646374 |
| intergeneric transfer of conjugative and mobilizable plasmids harbored by escherichia coli in the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida (collembola). | the gut of the soil microarthropod folsomia candida provides a habitat for a high density of bacterial cells (t. thimm, a. hoffmann, h. borkott, j. c. munch, and c. c. tebbe, appl. environ. microbiol. 64:2660-2669, 1998). we investigated whether these gut bacteria act as recipients for plasmids from escherichia coli. filter mating with e. coli donor cells and collected feces of f. candida revealed that the broad-host-range conjugative plasmid prp4-luc (prp4 with a luciferase marker gene) transfe ... | 1998 | 9647844 |
| bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies. | the decision regarding the appropriate empirical antibiotic therapy for bacteremia in patients with hematologic malignancies must be individualized in each institution, by taking into account variations in the patterns of microbial isolates and their resistance profiles. microbial isolates and antibiotic resistance patterns must be taken into account at each hospital. a shift from bacteremia due to infections caused by predominantly gram-negative organisms to predominantly gram-positive organism ... | 1998 | 9650469 |
| molecular epidemiological study of nosocomial enterobacter aerogenes isolates in a belgian hospital. | in 1995, the rate of isolation of enterobacter aerogenes in the saint-pierre university hospital in brussels, belgium, was higher than that in the preceding years. a total of 45 nosocomial e. aerogenes strains were collected from 33 patients of different units during that year, and they were isolated from 19 respiratory specimens, 13 pus specimens, 7 blood specimens, 4 urinary specimens, 1 catheter specimen, and 1 heparin vial. the strains were analyzed to determine their epidemiological related ... | 1998 | 9650923 |
| evaluation of the vitek 2 system for rapid identification of medically relevant gram-negative rods. | the new vitek 2 system (biomérieux) was evaluated at two independent sites with the identification card for gram-negative bacilli (id-gnb card). of the 845 strains tested, which represented 70 different taxa belonging to either the family enterobacteriaceae or the nonenteric bacilli, 716 (84.7%) were correctly identified at the species level. thirty-two (3.8%) additional strains were identified to the species level after the performance of simple, rapid manual tests (oxidase, hemolysis, indole r ... | 1998 | 9650942 |
| [legionella pneumonia caused by aspiration of hot spring water after sarin exposure]. | a 72-year-old man was exposed to the sarin gas attack in a tokyo subway on march 20 th, 1995. after exposure, he noticed eye discomfort, chest tightness, headache and weakness of the lower limbs and oropharyngeal muscles. despite these symptoms, he visited a hot spring on the same day with his family. on march 25 th, his muscle weakness progressed, and a low grade fever appeared. his muscle weakness disappeared 8 days after exposure to sarin, but respiratory failure rapidly developed, necessitat ... | 1998 | 9656677 |
| cefepime-aztreonam: a unique double beta-lactam combination for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | an in vitro pharmacokinetic model was used to determine if aztreonam could enhance the pharmacodynamics of cefepime or ceftazidime against an isogenic panel of pseudomonas aeruginosa 164, including wild-type (wt), partially derepressed (pd), and fully derepressed (fd) phenotypes. logarithmic-phase cultures were exposed to peak concentrations achieved in serum with 1- or 2-g intravenous doses, elimination pharmacokinetics were simulated, and viable bacterial counts were measured over three 8-h do ... | 1998 | 9660993 |
| outer membrane profiles of clonally related klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from clinical samples and activities of cephalosporins and carbapenems. | fifteen isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) isolated during a nosocomial outbreak were studied. the strains belonged to the same clonal type, as shown by pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of chromosomal dna. all the isolates were resistant to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, aztreonam, gentamicin, and fluoroquinolones and were susceptible to carbapenems, tobramycin, netilmicin, and amikacin. none of the isolates expressed the ompk36 pori ... | 1998 | 9660996 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with bloodstream infection: frequencies of occurrence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (united states and canada, 1997). | the sentry program was established in january 1997 to measure the predominant pathogens and antimicrobial resistance patterns of nosocomial and community-acquired infections over a broad network of sentinel hospitals in the united states (30 sites), canada (8 sites), south america (10 sites), and europe (24 sites). during the first 6-month study period (january to june 1997), a total of 5,058 bloodstream infections (bsi) were reported by north american sentry participants (4,119 from the united ... | 1998 | 9661018 |
| reconstituted recombinant factor viii can be safely infused continuously for at least three days: it is a poor microbial growth medium. | reconstituted recombinant factor viii (fviiirec) loses little biologic activity at room temperature for up to seven days and continuous infusion is convenient, effective hemostatically and requires less fviiirec concentrate than treatment by conventional bolus injections. however, the potential for bacterial contamination, with proliferation to high levels that can cause bacteremia, is a concern with continuous infusion. we studied the growth properties at 4, 25 and 35 degrees c in reconstituted ... | 1998 | 9663704 |
| pathogenesis and diagnosis of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections. | since their initial recognition 20 years ago, shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) strains have emerged as an important cause of serious human gastrointestinal disease, which may result in life-threatening complications such as hemolytic-uremic syndrome. food-borne outbreaks of stec disease appear to be increasing and, when mass-produced and mass-distributed foods are concerned, can involve large numbers of people. development of therapeutic and preventative strategies to combat stec di ... | 1998 | 9665978 |
| enzyme immunoassay detecting teichoic and lipoteichoic acids versus cerebrospinal fluid culture and latex agglutination for diagnosis of streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis. | a newly developed enzyme immunoassay (eia) was used to detect the presence of pneumococcal teichoic and lipoteichoic acids in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from patients with streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis who were being treated with antibiotics. all initial csf samples, which on culture grew s. pneumoniae, were positive in the eia. a total of 14 subsequent culture-negative samples gave clear signals in the eia up to day 15 after the onset of antibiotic treatment. for 11 csf specimens, culture, ... | 1998 | 9666020 |
| effect of an amino acid insertion into the omega loop region of a class c beta-lactamase on its substrate specificity. | the extended-substrate specificity of enterobacter cloacae gc1 beta-lactamase is entirely due to a three amino acid insertion after position 207. to clarify the reason for the extended-substrate specificity, ala, ala-ala, ala-ala-ala, and ala-ala-ala-ala were inserted after position 207 on the basis of the class c beta-lactamase from e. cloacae p99, respectively. the kcat and km values of all the mutant enzymes for cephalothin, benzylpenicillin and ampicillin were almost the same as those of the ... | 1998 | 9671516 |
| sparfloxacin vs ofloxacin in the treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized, comparative study. sparfloxacin multicenter abecb study group. | comparison of efficacy and safety of sparfloxacin vs ofloxacin for treatment of acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis (abecb). | 1998 | 9674458 |
| the regulated outer membrane protein omp21 from comamonas acidovorans is identified as a member of a new family of eight-stranded beta-sheet proteins by its sequence and properties. | omp21, a minor outer membrane protein of the soil bacterium comamonas acidovorans, was purified from a spontaneous mutant lacking a surface layer and long-chain lipopolysaccharide. omp21 synthesis is enhanced by oxygen depletion, and the protein has a variable electrophoretic mobility in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis due to its heat-modifiable behavior. the structural gene omp21 encodes a precursor of 204 amino acids with a putative signal peptide of 21 amino acids. m ... | 1998 | 9683466 |
| pancreatic fluid collections: diagnostic and therapeutic implications of percutaneous drainage guided by ultrasound. | the aim of the present study is to assess the usefulness of biochemical and bacteriological analysis of the pancreatic fluid obtained at percutaneous drainage of pancreatic pseudocysts and abscesses guided by ultrasound. | 1998 | 9684149 |
| in vivo activity and pharmacokinetic evaluation of a novel long-acting carbapenem antibiotic, mk-826 (l-749,345). | mk-826 (formerly l-749,345), is a potent 1-beta-methyl carbapenem with a long half-life and broad spectrum of activity. this compound is presently in phase-ii clinical trials. its activity against a number of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was compared to those of imipenem (ipm) and eight other beta-lactam agents in two in vivo murine infection models. the distribution in tissue and pharmacokinetic properties of mk-826 and ceftriaxone (ctrx) were also evaluated in cd-1 mice following ... | 1998 | 9687396 |
| rapid detection and evaluation of clinical characteristics of emerging multiple-drug-resistant gram-negative rods carrying the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaimp. | gram-negative rods (gnr) carrying the transferable carbapenem resistance gene blaimp, including pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens, have been isolated from more than 20 hospitals in japan. although the emergence of such multiple-drug-resistant bacteria is of utmost clinical concern, little information in regard to the distribution of blaimp-positive gnr in hospitals and the clinical characteristics of infected patients is available. to address this, a system for the rapid detection o ... | 1998 | 9687398 |
| aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene by enterobacter cloacae pb2 and by pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase. | enterobacter cloacae pb2 was originally isolated on the basis of its ability to utilize nitrate esters, such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) and glycerol trinitrate, as the sole nitrogen source for growth. the enzyme responsible is an nadph-dependent reductase designated petn reductase. e. cloacae pb2 was found to be capable of slow aerobic growth with 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (tnt) as the sole nitrogen source. dinitrotoluenes were not produced and could not be used as nitrogen sources. puri ... | 1998 | 9687442 |
| activity of cefepime compared with other antibiotics against gram-positive bacteria and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | cefepime is a new, parenteral, fourth-generation antibiotic that is stable in the presence of bush group 1 beta-lactamases. in vitro activity of cefepime, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin and imipenem against gram-positive cocci and cefuroxime-resistant gram-negative bacilli was studied. | 1998 | 9699393 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinical strains of cdc group ivc-2. | cdc group ivc-2 is a gram-negative, oxidase-positive, nonfermentative bacillus that has been implicated in human infections, including septicemia and peritonitis. biochemically it most closely resembles bordetella bronchiseptica and alcaligenes sp. results of cellular fatty acid (cfa) and 16s rrna gene analysis were combined with biochemical data to assist in identification and classification. the predominant cfas were hexadecanoic acid (16:0), cis-9-hexadecanoic acid (16:1omega7c), cis-11-octad ... | 1998 | 9705403 |
| controlled comparative evaluation of bact/alert fan and esp 80a aerobic media as means for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. | during a one-year period, a total of 6,305 blood cultures were processed in a tertiary-care teaching hospital; 6 to 12 ml of blood was inoculated into both a bact/alert fan aerobic bottle and an esp 80a aerobic bottle. the fan aerobic bottle contains an antimicrobial-absorbing material; the 80a aerobic bottle does not. bottles were processed on their respective continuous-monitoring blood culture instruments for up to five days of incubation. four hundred thirty-three cultures (6.9%) representin ... | 1998 | 9705414 |
| comparison of vitek gni and gni+ cards for identification of gram-negative bacteria. | the gni+ card has been developed by biomerieux vitek as an improvement over the gni card for the identification of certain species of aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria. in this study, we tested 304 organisms from 30 different species on both the gni and gni+ cards. the gni card correctly identified 285 (93.8%) of the isolates tested, and the gni+ card correctly identified 287 (94.4%) of the isolates tested. the average time to reporting was 4.1 h for the gni+ card compared to 5.7 h for ... | 1998 | 9705437 |
| a peptidoglycan recognition protein in innate immunity conserved from insects to humans. | innate nonself recognition must rely on common structures of invading microbes. in a differential display screen for up-regulated immune genes in the moth trichoplusia ni we have found mechanisms for recognition of bacterial cell wall fragments. one bacteria-induced gene encodes a protein that, after expression in the baculovirus system, was shown to be a peptidoglycan recognition protein (pgrp). it binds strongly to gram-positive bacteria. we have also cloned the corresponding cdna from mouse a ... | 1998 | 9707603 |
| induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae, which is linked to peptidoglycan recycling, was investigated with use of high-performance liquid chromatography of cell wall fragments in genetically defined cells of escherichia coli. after treatment of cells with beta-lactams, we detected in the periplasm an increase of d-tripeptide (n-acetylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), d-tetrapeptide (n-acetylglucosaminyl-1, 6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l ... | 1998 | 9710670 |
| trends in beta-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae. | beta-lactam resistance among enterobacteriaceae is related primarily to the emergence of novel beta-lactamases. the class a extended-spectrum beta-lactamases hydrolyze extended-spectrum beta-lactams and are inhibited by clavulanic acid. these beta-lactamases are divided in two groups: tem and shv derivatives and non-tem and non-shv extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ctx-m1, ctx-m2, men-1, per-1, per-2, toho-1, and veb-1). the plasmid-mediated cephalosporinases (mir-1, fox-1, mox-1, bil-1, cmy-1, ... | 1998 | 9710678 |
| an extended-spectrum ampc-type beta-lactamase obtained by in vitro antibiotic selection. | a predictive approach was assayed to evaluate the possibility of mutant amp-c beta-lactamase emergence with increased substrate spectrum (including new c-3' quaternary ammonium cephems). the ampc gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae was cloned and expressed in an ampc-defective strain of e. coli. after the ampc containing strain was challenged with cefpirome, an ampc variant encoding an enzyme with increased resistance to cefpirome and cefepime was selected. in additio ... | 1998 | 9711843 |
| comparison of sample sequences of the salmonella typhi genome to the sequence of the complete escherichia coli k-12 genome. | raw sequence data representing the majority of a bacterial genome can be obtained at a tiny fraction of the cost of a completed sequence. to demonstrate the utility of such a resource, 870 single-stranded m13 clones were sequenced from a shotgun library of the salmonella typhi ty2 genome. the sequence reads averaged over 400 bases and sampled the genome with an average spacing of once every 5,000 bases. a total of 339,243 bases of unique sequence was generated (approximately 7% representation). ... | 1998 | 9712782 |
| in vivo transduction with shiga toxin 1-encoding phage. | to facilitate the study of intestinal transmission of the shiga toxin 1 (stx1)-converting phage h-19b, tn10d-bla mutagenesis of an escherichia coli h-19b lysogen was undertaken. two mutants containing insertions in the gene encoding the a subunit of stx1 were isolated. the resultant ampicillin-resistant e. coli strains lysogenic for these phages produced infectious h-19b particles but not active toxin. these lysogens were capable of transducing an e. coli recipient strain in the murine gastroint ... | 1998 | 9712806 |
| multidrug efflux pump acrab of salmonella typhimurium excretes only those beta-lactam antibiotics containing lipophilic side chains. | we found that the previously reported ss-b drug-supersusceptible mutant of salmonella typhimurium (s. sukupolvi, m. vaara, i. m. helander, p. viljanen, and p. h. mäkelä, j. bacteriol. 159:704-712, 1984) had a mutation in the acrab operon. comparison of this mutant with its parent strain and with an acrab-overproducing strain showed that the activity of the acrab efflux pump often produced significant resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in the complete absence of beta-lactamase. the effect of a ... | 1998 | 9721312 |
| aerobic growth on nitroglycerin as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source by a mixed bacterial culture. | nitroglycerin (glycerol trinitrate [gtn]), an explosive and vasodilatory compound, was metabolized by mixed microbial cultures from aeration tank sludge previously exposed to gtn. aerobic enrichment cultures removed gtn rapidly in the absence of a supplemental carbon source. complete denitration of gtn, provided as the sole c and n source, was observed in aerobic batch cultures and proceeded stepwise via the dinitrate and mononitrate isomers, with successive steps occurring at lower rates. the d ... | 1998 | 9726874 |
| discrimination of psychrotrophic and mesophilic strains of the bacillus cereus group by pcr targeting of major cold shock protein genes. | detection of psychrotrophic strains (those able to grow at or below 7 degreesc) of the bacillus cereus group (bacillus cereus, bacillus thuringiensis, and bacillus mycoides) in food products is at present extremely slow with conventional microbiology. this is due to an inability to discriminate these cold-adapted strains from their mesophilic counterparts (those able to grow only above 7 degreesc) by means other than growth at low temperature, which takes 5 to 10 days for detection. here we repo ... | 1998 | 9726910 |
| purification and characterization of wild-type and mutant "classical" nitroreductases of salmonella typhimurium. l33r mutation greatly diminishes binding of fmn to the nitroreductase of s. typhimurium. | "classical" nitroreductase of salmonella typhimurium is a flavoprotein that catalyzes the reduction of nitroaromatics to metabolites that are toxic, mutagenic, or carcinogenic. this enzyme represents a new class of flavin-dependent enzymes, which includes nitroreductases of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli, flavin oxidoreductase of vibrio fischeri, and nadh oxidase of thermus thermophilus. to investigate the structure-function relation of this class of enzymes, the gene encoding a mutan ... | 1998 | 9727006 |
| radiological pulmonary changes during gram-negative bacillary nosocomial bloodstream infection in premature infants. | the objective of the study was to characterize the changes that occur in chest radiographs at the time of gram-negative bacilli (gnb) nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) and to determine the contribution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) and airway gram-negative bacterial pathogens to the clinical diagnosis of gnb nosocomial pneumonia. | 1998 | 9730200 |
| the in vitro bactericidal effect of microwave energy on bacteria that cause prostatitis. | we investigated the in vitro nonthermal effects of microwaves delivered from prostatron 2.0 on escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae. | 1998 | 9730452 |
| salmonella enteritidis: ampc plasmid-mediated inducible beta-lactamase (dha-1) with an ampr gene from morganella morganii. | dha-1, a plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase from a single clinical salmonella enteritidis isolate, conferred resistance to oxyimino-cephalosporins (cefotaxime and ceftazidime) and cephamycins (cefoxitin and moxalactam), and this resistance was transferable to escherichia coli hb101. an antagonism was observed between cefoxitin and aztreonam by the diffusion method. transformation of the transconjugant e. coli strain with plasmid pnh5 carrying the ampd gene (whose product decreases the level of ex ... | 1998 | 9736562 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamic studies of l-749,345 in comparison with imipenem and ceftriaxone against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | l-749,345 is a new parenteral carbapenem with a very long half-life similar to that of ceftriaxone. the aim of the present study was to investigate different pharmacodynamic parameters of l-749,345 in comparison with those of ceftriaxone and imipenem. the following studies were performed: (i) comparative studies of the mics of l-749, 345, imipenem, and ceftriaxone for 70 strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria; (ii) comparative studies of the rate of killing of gram-positive and gram ... | 1998 | 9736564 |
| direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. | nonfastidious aerobic gram-negative bacilli (gnb) are commonly isolated from blood cultures. the feasibility of using an electrochemical method for direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gnb in positive blood cultures was evaluated. an aliquot (10 microliter) of 1:10-diluted positive blood cultures containing gnb was inoculated into the bactometer module well (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.) containing 1 ml of mueller-hinton broth supplemented with an antibiotic. susceptibility tests w ... | 1998 | 9738038 |
| direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens by nested pcr. | this study was performed to establish optimal nested pcr conditions and a high-yield dna extraction method for the direct identification of vibrio vulnificus in clinical specimens. we designed two sets of primers targeting the v. vulnificus hemolysin/cytolysin gene. the target of the first primer set (p1-p2; sense, 5'-gac-tat-cgc-atc-aac-aac-cg-3', and antisense, 5'-agg-tag-cga-gta-tta-ctg-cc-3', respectively) is a 704-bp dna fragment. the second set (p3-p4; sense, 5'-gct-att-tca-ccg-ccg-ctc-ac- ... | 1998 | 9738039 |
| isolation of enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis. | we describe the isolation and identification of enterobacter intermedium from the gallbladder of a patient with cholecystitis. there have been only four documented isolations of this organism from humans; it normally occurs in surface water and unpolluted soils. the identification was initially made by a microscan walk/away system with a neg combo 18 conventional identification-susceptibility panel. the organism is susceptible to the aminoglycosides and imipenem but resistant to the cephalospori ... | 1998 | 9738068 |
| molecular epidemiology of an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae in the neonatal intensive care unit of a provincial hospital in gauteng, south africa. | an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae in the neonatal intensive care unit of a provincial hospital in gauteng, south africa, resulting in nine deaths was investigated. macrorestriction analysis using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis revealed that three isolates of e. cloacae from blood cultures of patients, six from environmental sources, and one from the hands of a staff member belonged to the same genotypic cluster. | 1998 | 9738077 |
| total nutrient admixtures appear safer than lipid emulsion alone as regards microbial contamination: growth properties of microbial pathogens at room temperature. | the extraordinary growth properties of most microorganisms in 10% and 20% lipid emulsions has led to the centers for disease control and prevention recommendation that if lipids are given through an i.v. line, the administration set should be replaced every 24 hours rather than the usual 72-hour interval used for crystalloid solutions, including those used for conventional total parenteral nutrition. for nearly 15 years, parenteral alimentation has been given as a total nutrient admixture (tna), ... | 1998 | 9739032 |
| the ecl18ki restriction-modification system: cloning, expression, properties of the purified enzymes. | ecl18ki is a type ii restriction-modification system isolated from enterobacter cloaceae 18ki strain. genes encoding ecl18ki methyltransferase (m.ecl18ki) and ecl18ki restriction endonuclease (r.ecl18ki) have been cloned and expressed in escherichia coli. these enzymes recognize the 5'.../ccngg...3' sequence in dna; m.ecl18ki methylates the c5 carbon atom of the inner dc residue and r.ecl18ki cuts dna as shown by the arrow. the restriction endonuclease and the methyltransferase were purified fro ... | 1998 | 9744801 |
| steady-state kinetic mechanism, stereospecificity, substrate and inhibitor specificity of enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase. | enterobacter cloacae nitroreductase (nr) is a flavoprotein which catalyzes the pyridine nucleotide-dependent reduction of nitroaromatics. initial velocity and inhibition studies have been performed which establish unambiguously a ping-pong kinetic mechanism. nadh oxidation proceeds stereospecifically with the transfer of the pro-r hydrogen to the enzyme and the amide moiety of the nicotinamide appears to be the principal mediator of the interaction between nr and nadh. 2,4-dinitrotoluene is the ... | 1998 | 9748656 |
| role of antimicrobial-impregnated polymer and teflon in the prevention of biliary stent blockage. | biliary stent blockage and microbial colonization is a common complication associated with polyurethane stents used for the relief of bile-duct obstruction caused by benign or malignant disease. in an attempt to overcome this problem the application of a 'teflon' (polytetrafluoroethylene) stent and an antimicrobial benzalkonium chloride (bzc) impregnated polymer were investigated. the effects of these materials on microbial colonization were compared to a polyurethane stent in vitro in broth or ... | 1998 | 9749404 |
| gyra mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of enterobacteriaceae. | fluoroquinolone resistance (fq-r) in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae species has been reported with increasing frequency in recent years. two mechanisms of fq-r have been identified in gram-negative organisms: mutations in dna gyrase and reduced intracellular drug accumulation. a single point mutation in gyra has been shown to reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. to determine the extent of gyra mutations associated with fq-r in enteric bacteria, one set of oligonucleotide primers w ... | 1998 | 9756773 |
| pmx-622 (polymyxin b-dextran 70) does not alter in vitro activities of 11 antimicrobial agents. | because of its capacity to neutralize the lethality of gram-negative bacterial endotoxic lipopolysaccharides, pmx-622 (polymyxin b bound to dextran 70) is being developed for possible adjunctive therapy of gram-negative sepsis. in this study, it was determined that the in vitro antimicrobial activity of pmx-622 was minimal and that it does not interfere with the in vitro antimicrobial activity of 11 antibiotics commonly used to treat gram-negative infections. | 1998 | 9756795 |
| bacteraemia in the adult intensive care unit of a teaching hospital in nottingham, uk, 1985-1996. | bacteraemia is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit. in this study the distribution of organisms causing bacteraemic episodes in patients in the adult intensive care unit of a large teaching hospital was determined. particular emphasis was placed on the type of organisms isolated from community- and hospital-acquired bacteraemia, the suspected source of infection, the possible risk factors associated with bacteraemia, and outcome. the incidence of bacteraemia ... | 1998 | 9758274 |
| development of pcr primer systems for amplification of nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) to detect denitrifying bacteria in environmental samples. | a system was developed for the detection of denitrifying bacteria by the amplification of specific nitrite reductase gene fragments with pcr. primer sequences were found for the amplification of fragments from both nitrite reductase genes (nirk and nirs) after comparative sequence analysis. whenever amplification was tried with these primers, the known nir type of denitrifying laboratory cultures could be confirmed. likewise, the method allowed a determination of the nir type of five laboratory ... | 1998 | 9758798 |
| comparison of paenibacillus azotofixans strains isolated from rhizoplane, rhizosphere, and non-root-associated soil from maize planted in two different brazilian soils | paenibacillus azotofixans is a nitrogen-fixing bacterium often found in soil and in the rhizospheres of different grasses. in this study, two brazilian clay soils were planted with cross-hybrid maize (br-201) and four stages of plant growth were analyzed to characterize the p. azotofixans populations present in the rhizoplanes, rhizospheres, and non-root-associated soils (herein called nonrhizospheres). a total of 106 strains were isolated and identified as p. azotofixans with an api 50ch kit, b ... | 1998 | 9758811 |
| a new operation for producing disease-suppressive compost from grass clippings | this study evaluated the use of grass clippings discharged from golf courses as the raw material for production of a suppressive compost to control rhizoctonia large-patch disease in mascarene grass. bacillus subtilis n4, a mesophilic bacterium with suppressive effects on the pathogenic fungus rhizoctonia solani ag2-2, was used as an inoculum in a procedure developed with the aim of controlling composting temperatures and inoculation timing. the population density of mesophilic bacteria in the r ... | 1998 | 9758834 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity to isolated bacteria in pediatric urinary tract infections]. | of the childhood urinary tract infections, more than 50% are caused by escherichia coli (e coli), followed by proteus mirabilis (p mirabilis), klebsiella sp, other enterobacteria, enterococci, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococci. of e coli isolates, 50 to 60% are resistant to ampicillin (ampi-r), 10% being susceptible to amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (amc). for p mirabilis, ampi-r isolates are less frequent and more often susceptible to amc. klebsiella sp is resistant to ampicillin, 75% of ... | 1998 | 9759315 |
| crystallization and preliminary diffraction studies of pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase from enterobacter cloacae pb2. | pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) reductase of enterobacter cloacae pb2, a flavoprotein involved in the biodegradation of the explosive petn, ethylene glycol dinitrate (egdn) and glycerol trinitrate (gtn), was purified from an overexpressing strain of e. coli and crystallized at 293 k using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method. diffraction data can be seen at 1.8 a. the primitive orthorhombic cell has a monomer in the asymmetric unit. preliminary molecular-replacement calculations have bee ... | 1998 | 9761872 |
| elective delayed reduction and no anesthesia: 'minimal intervention management' for gastrochisis. | in a pilot study of 14 children, born when the authors were on a 1:5 "on take" for neonatal referrals, a policy evolved of elective delayed midgut reduction without anaesthesia or sedation in the incubator on the neonatal surgical unit. there was no other form of selection, and it was fortunate that the authors did not encountered any adverse criteria in this small series. | 1998 | 9766348 |
| plasmid-mediated gene transfer between insect-resident bacteria, enterobacter cloacae, and plant-epiphytic bacteria, erwinia herbicola, in guts of silkworm larvae. | five strains of enterobacter cloacae isolated from several species of plants and insects were able to grow in the guts of silkworm larvae. a much larger population of ent. cloacae strains was detected in the insect guts and feces collected 3 and 6 days than in samples collected 1 day after feeding artificial diets contaminating these bacteria. furthermore, insect-origin strains of ent. cloacae were mated with a donor strain, epiphytic erwinia herbicola, harboring rsf1010 and pbpw1::tn7 plasmids ... | 1998 | 9767717 |
| inducible beta-lactam resistance in aeromonas hydrophila: therapeutic challenge for antimicrobial therapy. | despite the abundant amount of knowledge about inducible chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases among aeromonas species, extended-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant a. hydrophila strains selected in clinical practice were rarely reported. in the present study, two strains of a. hydrophila, a136 and a139, with markedly different susceptibilities to extended-spectrum cephalosporins were isolated from blood and the tip segment of an arterial catheter of a burn patient. another strain (a136m) was select ... | 1998 | 9774563 |
| detection of ureaplasma urealyticum by pcr and biovar determination by liquid hybridization. | an assay which combines the direct detection of ureaplasma urealyticum with biovar determination was developed and applied to 618 urogenital specimens. u. urealyticum was detected by inhibitor-controlled pcr. a 429-bp fragment of the urease gene was amplified. the amplicons were labelled with digoxigenin during pcr. biovar determination was performed by liquid hybridization with biotin-labelled biovar-specific probes, and the hybrids were detected with peroxidase-conjugated sheep anti-digoxigeni ... | 1998 | 9774567 |
| use of the bact/alert blood culture system for culture of sterile body fluids other than blood. | studies have demonstrated that large-volume culture methods for sterile body fluids other than blood increase recovery compared to traditional plated-medium methods. bact/alert is a fully automated blood culture system for detecting bacteremia and fungemia. in this study, we compared culture in bact/alert standard aerobic and anaerobic bottles, bact/alert fan aerobic and fan anaerobic bottles, and culture on routine media for six specimen types, i.e., continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysate ( ... | 1998 | 9774578 |
| identification of new verocytotoxin type 2 variant b-subunit genes in human and animal escherichia coli isolates. | the sequence of a verocytotoxin 2 (vt2) variant gene that was untypeable by the b subunit pcr and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (pcr-rflp) method described by tyler et al. (s. d. tyler, w. m. johnson, h. lior, g. wang, and k. r. rozee, j. clin. microbiol. 29:1339-1343, 1991) was determined and compared with published sequences. it was highly homologous to two recently reported vt2 variant sequences. the pcr-rflp method described by tyler et al. was extended to include these n ... | 1998 | 9774585 |
| the prognostic factors of adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. | seventy-seven patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm), 57 males and 20 females, aged 17-86 years, were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital, over an 11-year period. fifty-four infections were community-acquired, and 23 were nosocomial; 49 were spontaneous and 28 occurred after head surgery or neurosurgery. the organisms most frequently involved were klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, and acinetobacter. rarer pathogens included citroba ... | 1998 | 9777518 |
| oxygen-insensitive nitroreductases: analysis of the roles of nfsa and nfsb in development of resistance to 5-nitrofuran derivatives in escherichia coli. | nitroheterocyclic and nitroaromatic compounds constitute an enormous range of chemicals whose potent biological activity has significant human health and environmental implications. the biological activity of nitro-substituted compounds is derived from reductive metabolism of the nitro moiety, a process catalyzed by a variety of nitroreductase activities. resistance of bacteria to nitro-substituted compounds is believed to result primarily from mutations in genes encoding oxygen-insensitive nitr ... | 1998 | 9791100 |
| metal accumulation and vanadium-induced multidrug resistance by environmental isolates of escherichia hermannii and enterobacter cloacae. | contaminated soils from an oil refinery were screened for the presence of microorganisms capable of accumulating either nickel, vanadium, or both metals. three strains of bacteria that belonged to the family enterobacteriaceae were selected. two of them were escherichia hermannii strains, and outer membrane profile (omp) analysis showed that they were similar to a strain of clinical origin; the other one was an enterobacter cloacae strain that differed from clinical isolates. the selected bacter ... | 1998 | 9797283 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of oral isolates of enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae from a southern chinese population. | the antibiotic susceptibilities of 59 enterobacter cloacae and 39 klebsiella pneumoniae human oral isolates collected from a southern chinese population in hong kong were investigated for their susceptibility to eight antibiotics: ampicillin, cephalothin, cefuroxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole using the e-test method for direct quantification of minimum inhibitory concentrations. most strains were sensitive to all antibiotics except amp ... | 1998 | 9807124 |
| ciprofloxacin in preterm neonates: case report and review of the literature. | we report the use of ciprofloxacin in a preterm boy suffering from an invasive multiple resistant enterobacter cloacae infection. the treatment was effective, after other antibiotics failed, and no adverse effects were observed during 3 years of follow up. the literature on compassionate ciprofloxacin use in 28 preterm or low birth weight infants is reviewed. ciprofloxacin has been used to treat neonatal pneumonia, meningitis and septicaemia and was effective in all cases. side-effects were limi ... | 1998 | 9809826 |
| bacteria causing septicaemia in neonates with tetanus. | 105 consecutively admitted neonates with tetanus were screened for sepsis to determine the prevalence of sepsis in neonatal tetanus (nnt) patients and identify the bacterial pathogens causing septicaemia in them. the presence of omphalitis, poor colour, hypothermia and hyperthermia were found to be sensitive predictors of septicaemia in nnt patients. 50 bacterial pathogens were isolated from 50 babies. klebsiella pneumoniae (20.7%), and enterobacter cloacae (19.0%) were the leading gram negative ... | 1998 | 9814079 |
| comparison of phenotypic and genotypic techniques for identification of unusual aerobic pathogenic gram-negative bacilli. | rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens is a fundamental goal of clinical microbiology, but one that is difficult or impossible for many slow-growing and fastidious organisms. we used identification systems based on cellular fatty acid profiles (sherlock; midi, inc., newark, del.), carbon source utilization (microlog; biolog, inc., hayward, calif.), and 16s rrna gene sequence (microseq; perkin-elmer applied biosystems division, foster city, calif.) to evaluate 72 unusual aerobic ... | 1998 | 9817894 |
| three-dimensional structure of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli bound to a transition-state analogue: possible implications for the oxyanion hypothesis and for inhibitor design. | the structures of ampc beta-lactamase from escherichia coli, alone and in complex with a transition-state analogue, have been determined by x-ray crystallography. the native enzyme was determined to 2.0 a resolution, and the structure with the transition-state analogue m-aminophenylboronic acid was determined to 2.3 a resolution. the structure of ampc from e. coli resembles those previously determined for the class c enzymes from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. the transition-stat ... | 1998 | 9819201 |
| enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa polymicrobial bloodstream infections traced to extrinsic contamination of a dextrose multidose vial. | to identify risk factors for polymicrobial bloodstream infections (bsis) in neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) patients during an outbreak of bsis. | 1998 | 9821421 |
| control of an outbreak of a highly beta-lactam-resistant enterobacter cloacae strain in a neonatal special care unit. | two successive outbreaks of colonization and infection with enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins (cephalosporin-resistant e. cloacae, crec) and involving 15 infants occurred within 12 months in a neonatal special care unit. isolates of clinical significance were obtained from four infants (urine 2 cases, blood, pleural drainage). according to epidemiological typing using computerized biochemical fingerprinting and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) the same crec ... | 1998 | 9825975 |
| risk factors for enterobacter septicemia in a neonatal unit: case-control study. | thirty cases of enterobacter aerogenes or enterobacter cloacae septicemia diagnosed over a 32-month period in a tertiary care neonatal unit were enrolled in a case-control study. each case patient was matched with two controls (patients occupying the cots nearest the case patient when the latter developed septicemia). of the 32 perinatal characteristics evaluated, 11 were identified by univariate analysis to be significantly associated with the infection. these included parents being residents o ... | 1998 | 9827270 |
| mechanism of cross-contamination of blood culture bottles in a pseudoepidemic of enterobacter cloacae bacteremia. | 1998 | 9827303 | |
| comparison of five days versus seven days of incubation for detection of positive blood cultures by the bactec 9240 system. | the specimen capacity of blood culture systems is determined by the length of time that blood cultures are incubated. since the patient populations served by hospitals vary, individual laboratories should evaluate the relative cost and benefits of different testing regimens for their particular setting. to be cost-effective, the use of a 5-day rather than a 7-day protocol for the bactec 9240 system (becton dickinson diagnostic instrument systems, usa) has been recommended. to evaluate whether th ... | 1998 | 9832265 |
| novel oxa-10-derived extended-spectrum beta-lactamases selected in vivo or in vitro. | a clinical isolate of pseudomonas aeruginosa, pae191, was found to be highly resistant to all anti-pseudomonas beta-lactam antibiotics (except imipenem) and resistant also to aminoglycosides. it produced a beta-lactamase (with an apparent pi of 7.6) which was not inhibited by clavulanic acid. cloning and characterization of the beta-lactamase gene showed that it coded for a novel extended-spectrum oxa-10 variant, called oxa-19, which differed from oxa-10 by nine amino acids and from oxa-13 by tw ... | 1998 | 9835500 |
| an ampd gene in pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes a negative regulator of ampc beta-lactamase expression. | the ampd and ampe genes of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 were cloned and characterized. these genes are transcribed in the same orientation and form an operon. the deduced polypeptide of p. aeruginosa ampd exhibited more than 60% similarity to the ampd proteins of enterobacteria and haemophilus influenzae. the ampd product transcomplemented escherichia coli ampd mutants to wild-type beta-lactamase expression. | 1998 | 9835532 |
| efficacies of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin in rats with experimental pneumonia due to ceftazidime-susceptible or -resistant enterobacter cloacae strains. | the antibacterial activities of human regimens of cefepime, ceftazidime, and imipenem alone or in combination with amikacin against an isogenic pair of enterobacter cloacae strains (wild type and its corresponding derepressed cephalosporinase mutant) were compared by using our nonlethal model of pneumonia with 180 immunocompetent rats. compared with untreated animals, all beta-lactam-treated rats, except those inoculated with the mutant isolate and receiving ceftazidime, had significantly lower ... | 1998 | 9835534 |
| in vitro activities of membrane-active peptides against gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria. | four peptides, cecropin p1, magainin ii, indolicidin, and ranalexin, were evaluated against 202 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative aerobic bacteria by a microbroth dilution method. the gram-negative isolates were more susceptible to cecropin p1. ranalexin was the most active compound against the gram-positive strains. the bactericidal activity of each peptide was equivalent to, or 1 dilution above, the mic. in conclusion, the four peptides exhibited different in vitro activitie ... | 1998 | 9835539 |
| effect of canavanine from alfalfa seeds on the population biology of bacillus cereus | bacillus cereus uw85 suppresses diseases of alfalfa seedlings, although alfalfa seed exudate inhibits the growth of uw85 in culture (j. l. milner, s. j. raffel, b. j. lethbridge, and j. handelsman, appl. microbiol. biotechnol. 43:685-691, 1995). in this study, we determined the chemical basis for and biological role of the inhibitory activity. all of the alfalfa germ plasm tested included seeds that released inhibitory material. we purified the inhibitory material from one alfalfa cultivar and i ... | 1998 | 9835549 |
| analysis of the dynamics of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of the chrysanthemum via denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and substrate utilization patterns | in order to gain a better understanding of the spatial and temporal dynamics of bacterial communities of the rhizosphere of the chrysanthemum, two complementary methods were used: a molecular bacterial community profiling method, i.e., 16s rrna gene-based pcr followed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge), and an agar plate method in which 11 sole-carbon-source utilization tests were used. the dgge patterns showed that the bacterial communities as determined from direct rhizosphere d ... | 1998 | 9835588 |
| microbial populations associated with the retting of melon pods (colocynthis citrullus l.) during seed recovery. | the traditional process for the retting of melon pulp and microbiological characteristics in the recovery of melon seeds (colocynthis citrullus l.) were investigated. melon pods were sliced open and exposed for seven days. the pulp underwent a natural fermentation that was characterized by the growth of microorganisms to 10(8)-10(10) cfu/g. the ph fluctuated between 4.8 and 5.1 with a lactic acid content of 0.72%. bacillus subtilis, b. polymyxa, lactobacillus fermentum, l. brevis and streptococc ... | 1998 | 9839833 |
| characterization of the galu gene of streptococcus pneumoniae encoding a uridine diphosphoglucose pyrophosphorylase: a gene essential for capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis. | the galu gene of streptococcus pneumoniae has been cloned and sequenced. escherichia coli cells harboring the recombinant plasmid pmmg2 (galu) overproduced a protein that has been shown to correspond to a uridine 5'-triphosphate:glucose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase (uridine diphosphoglucose [udp-glc] pyrophosphorylase) responsible for the synthesis of udp-glc, a key compound in the biosynthesis of polysaccharides. a gene very similar to the s. pneumoniae galu has been found in a partial nucle ... | 1998 | 9841918 |