Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| accurate automated identification of selected enterobacteriaceae at four hours. | the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card of the automicrobic system vitek systems, inc., hazelwood, mo.) provides completely automated identification of members of this family within an 8-h test period. identification of 776 clinical and stock isolates to species level by the enterobacteriaceae biochemical card under routine operating conditions correlated at 96% with our present 18- to 24-h methods of identification. further, utilizing a special program, we investigated presumptive identificatio ... | 1981 | 7007419 |
| evaluation of the repliscan system for enterobacteriaceae identification. | a total of 1,013 isolates of enterobacteriaceae were identified in parallel by the repliscan (cathra international, ontario, canada) and api 20e (analytab products, plainview, n.y.) systems. there was a 62% agreement at the genus level between the two systems. of the 38% discrepant results, repliscan classified 22% as "biochemical pattern not on file," 8% as a multiple-genus group which included the api 20e identification, and 8% as a genus other than that designated by api 20e. relative to the ... | 1981 | 7007430 |
| antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri (syn. c. diversus, levinea malonatica); three new antigens recognized in strains from israel. | an antigenic scheme for citrobacter koseri was described previously and consisted of 14 'o' antigens. three additional antigens are now added to the scheme and type strains for these antigens are designated. their origins and their biochemical and serological reactions are described. | 1981 | 7007489 |
| the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of an aminoglycoside administered into the cerebral ventricles in neonates: implications for further evaluation of this route of therapy in meningitis. | the optimal dose, frequency, and duration of intraventricular therapy for gram-negative meningitis (gnm) have never been determined. a prospective evaluation of the pharmacokinetics of intraventricular amikacin was undertaken in neonates with gnm. after the initial intraventricular instillation of 5 mg of amikacin via a rickham reservoir, a 10-fold variation in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) concentration and a fivefold variation in half-life of the drug were noted. these variations were related ... | 1981 | 7012246 |
| [propagation of enterobacteria in the human respiratory tract in chronic otorhinolaryngologic disease]. | 1980 | 7013379 | |
| failure of the most-probable-number technique to detect coliforms in drinking water and raw water supplies. | a procedure was developed to detect false-negative reactions (interference) in the standard most-probable-number (s-mpn) technique for coliform enumeration of untreated surface water and potable water supplies. this modified mpn (m-mpn) procedure allowed a quantitative assessment of the interference with coliform detection in untreated surface water and potable water supplies. coliform interference was found to occur in the presumptive, confirmed, and completed tests of the s-mpn technique. when ... | 1981 | 7013694 |
| biochemical characteristics and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from meats. | the isolation and identification of 2,220 enterobacteriaceae from meats indicated that escherichia coli biotype i, enterobacter agglomerans, and serratia liquefaciens were the principal types to be differentiated in meats. citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter hafniae were also commonly identified. identification of isolates by the encise ii (roche diagnostics inc., nutley, n.j.) and minitek (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) coding system ... | 1981 | 7013705 |
| coliform species recovered from untreated surface water and drinking water by the membrane filter, standard, and modified most-probable-number techniques. | the species of total coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water and untreated surface water by the membrane filter (mf), the standard most-probable-number (s-mpn), and modified most-probable-number (m-mpn) techniques were compared. each coliform detection technique selected for a different profile of coliform species from both types of water samples. the mf technique indicated that citrobacter freundii was the most common coliform species in water samples. however, the fermentation tube tech ... | 1981 | 7013706 |
| [bovine ticks and bacteria pathogenic for man in madagascar]. | 1980 | 7016058 | |
| the murein of citrobacter o-serogroup ci23 vi+. | the isolation and analysis of the citrobacter o-serogroup ci23vi+ murein are described. the murein consists of alanine, glutamic acid, diaminopimelic acid (occurring in the molar ratio 1.5 : 1: 0.9), n-acetylmuramic acid and n-acetylglucosamine. dialysable products resulting from the digestion of the citrobacter o-serogroup ci23vi+ murein with egg white lysozyme resemble closely those obtained from the e. coli b murein. | 1981 | 7023119 |
| [antigenic relations between enteropathogenic escherichia o151:k, citrobacter and hafnia]. | the strains isolated from acute dysentery patients and convalescents and identified as e. coli o151:k--were studied. diagnostic errors due to inexact genus determination were revealed, and the isolated strains were found to belong to citrobacter and hafnia. the main biochemical differences allowing to differentiate e. coli o151:k--from these two genera were established. the study also showed the necessity of some tests, such as the tests for citrate assimilation in simmons' medium and sodium mal ... | 1981 | 7023147 |
| rapid presumptive identification of citrobacter diversus as an aid in controlling infections. | during an outbreak of neonatal meningitis caused by kanamycin-resistant citrobacter diversus, a field procedure for presumptive identification of the organism was evaluated, and using it resulted in the early recognition of patients colonized by the epidemic strain of c. diversus. rectal and nasopharyngeal specimens were plated and incubated on macconkey agar containing 10 micrograms of kanamycin per ml. after 18 h of incubation, lactose-nonfermenting colonies present on the selective medium wer ... | 1981 | 7024304 |
| evaluation of the repliscan ii system for identification of enterobacteriaceae. | in a precious report (woolfrey et al., j clin. microbiol. 13:58-61, 1981), we indicated that the repliscan system did not reliably identify enterobacteriaceae. recent improvements in the system prompted us to evaluate repliscan ii (cathra international, inc., st. paul, minn.) by using representative isolates of the population sample previously used to test the system. isolates (692) representing eight genera were identified in parallel by the repliscan ii and api 20e (analytab products, plainvie ... | 1981 | 7026608 |
| [comparison of antibacterial activity of oral antibacterial agents against recently isolated bacteria of e. coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and proteus from clinical materials of urinary tract infection (author's transl)]. | 1981 | 7026823 | |
| [analysis of bacterial septicemia in newborn infants in the last 5 years in the pediatric service of the leonardo guzmán regional hospital of antofagasta]. | 1981 | 7031790 | |
| influence of diluents, media, and membrane filters on detection fo injured waterborne coliform bacteria. | pure cultures of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, and citrobacter freundii were injured ( greater than 90%) in water from a dead-end section of the bozeman, montana, distribution system. the effects of the following laboratory variables on the enumeration efficiency of injured and undamaged control cells were examined: (i) diluent composition, temperature, and time of exposure; (ii) media, using various formulations employed in enumerating gram-negative bacteria; ... | 1982 | 7034648 |
| [quantitative bacterial ecology of normal nasal mucosa]. | a quantitative research into the aerobic bacteria of human nasal cavities has been carried out; 183 healthy individuals observed, negative results 18 (9.83%). streptococcus, enterococcus, staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, micrococcus, streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria, were numerically determined and the incidence of each single species or genus exactly specified. among gram-negative bacteria, enterobacter, providencia, proteus, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, kl ... | 1981 | 7034653 |
| the inhibition of bacterial cell growth by ketone bodies. | the effect of ketone bodies on the growth, in culture, of escherichia coli was investigated. both growth and glucose utilisation were inhibited in the presence of 20 mmol/l d-3-hydroxybutyrate. lower concentrations of d-3-hydroxybutyrate caused proportionally less inhibition of growth. acetoacetate also inhibited growth but other glycolytic inhibitors and chemical analogues of d-3-hydroxybutyrate either did not inhibit or proved to be too toxic for bacterial growth. citrate enhanced the ketone b ... | 1981 | 7034705 |
| genetic and molecular studies of the regulation of atypical citrate utilization and variable vi antigen expression in enteric bacteria. | 1. the atypical citrate-utilizing ability to two strains of e. coli has been shown to be plasmid-encoded. strain v414 carries a 130 mdal conjugative cit+ plasmid that also specifies tcr and cmr. strain v517 carries 9 different plasmid species but only the 36 mdal species is correlated with cit+ ability. these plasmids are different from previously reported cit+ plasmids of e. coli and salmonella, which express thermosensitive conjugal transfer systems. 2. a 9 kb pstl fragment, carrying the cit+ ... | 1982 | 7039598 |
| sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility of the automicrobic system (with the enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical card) for identifying clinical isolates of gram- negative bacilli. | two independent laboratories tested 1,743 clinical isolates by using the enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical card in the automicrobic system (ams) and identical standard reference methods. included were 55 isolates representing 11 species that cannot be identified by the enterobacteriaceae-plus biochemical card computer program; 3 or these isolates were incorrectly identified as pseudomonas cepacia. with the other 1,688 isolates, 5% of the ams identifications were considered to be equivocal (pro ... | 1982 | 7040457 |
| [heart involvement in combined acute dysentery and coli infection]. | 1982 | 7040798 | |
| exclusive localization of colicin a in cell cytoplasm of producing bacteria. | the production of colicin a in citrobacter freundii and in escherichia coli was studied. after induction with low concentrations of mitomycin c, these organisms differed with regards to cell growth, cell viability, and kinetics of colicin a biosynthesis. despite these differences, immunoferritin labelling on ultra-thin sections of induced frozen cells demonstrated that colicin a was located exclusively within the cell cytoplasm in both types of bacteria. by using protein markers, it was shown th ... | 1981 | 7042335 |
| rapid differentiation of bacterial meningitides by direct gas-liquid chromatography. | rapid identification of haemophilus influenzae and other bacillary meningitides was attempted by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) of the metabolic by-products in broth cultures and in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples obtained from experimental meningitis produced in new zealand white male rabbits. these results were correlated with the glc of csf of meningitis patients. a major peak with retention time of succinic acid was found in the broth cultures of all bacilli tested including h. influenzae ... | 1982 | 7042759 |
| enzyme immunoassay for detection of salmonellae in foods. | an enzyme immunoassay was developed to detect salmonella in foods. indirect test protocols were developed for use with microtitration plates or gilford microcuvettes. samples from enrichment cultures were mixed with h-specific immunoglobulin g and allowed to react; unbound antibody was removed by three 5-min centrifugation washes; goat anti-rabbit antibody conjugated to alkaline phosphatase was added and allowed to react; and unbound conjugate was removed by centrifugation washing as before. sal ... | 1982 | 7044311 |
| [review [new antibiotics series i]: cefuroxime (author's transl)]. | cefuroxime (cxm) is a new injectable cephalosporin stable against beta-lactamases. the results of preclinical and clinical studies so far carried out in japan on cefuroxime are summarized in this paper. 1. cxm is stable to various kinds of beta-lactamases except the one produced by p. vulgaris gn 76 (richmond type ic). reflecting this action, cxm has been shown to have antibacterial activity, not only against organisms which respond to conventional cephalosporins, but also against citrobacter, e ... | 1982 | 7045446 |
| [cytochrome composition and content of citrobacter freundii]. | citrobacter freundii, strain 62, produces considerable amounts of cytochromes c and b when it grows in media with different carbon compounds under both aerobic anc anaerobic conditions. the content of cytochromes c increases under anaerobic conditions, particularly in the presence of formate or dmso, and under aerobic conditions if formate is added. in contrast, the amount of cytochromes b decreased when the culture is grown in media with formate under anaerobic conditions. cytochrome o is princ ... | 1982 | 7045598 |
| in vitro evaluation of centa, a new beta-lactamase-susceptible chromogenic cephalosporin reagent. | centa is a newly synthesized, beta-lactamase-labile, chromogenic cephalosporin reagent which changes color from light yellow (lambda maximum ca. 340 nm) to chrome yellow (lambda maximum ca. 405 nm) concomitant with hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring. this compound offers promise as a diagnostic reagent comparable to other chromogens (padac and nitrocefin) for the early detection of beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates, while retaining some antimicrobial effect against escherichia coli, kle ... | 1982 | 7047560 |
| [compared studies of antimicrobial agents against e. coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and proteus isolated from urinary tract infections]. | in vitro activities of antibacterial agents against e. coli, klebsiella, citrobacter and proteus which were isolated from patients urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in japan, were investigated by agar dilution method from july to october in 1979. the summarized results are as follows. 1. among oral antibacterial agents, mpc and ppa have showed potent antibacterial activities against e. coli and klebsiella. among parenteral antibiotics, ctm was the most active against e. coli and klebsiella ... | 1982 | 7047795 |
| antenatal and neonatal bacterial infections: pathogenesis, significance, and diagnosis. | 1981 | 7049521 | |
| physical map of pcola-ca31, an amplifiable plasmid, and location of colicin a structural gene. | evidence showing that the plasmic cola, derived from strain ca31[pcola] can be amplified in the presence of chloramphenicol is presented. this plasmid has been purified and its mr-value has been found to be 4.6 x 10(6) or 7 kb. twelve cleavage sites have been mapped in pcola by using single and double restriction endonuclease digestions. these sites were ordered in relation to the single hindiii site. the other restriction endonucleases used were, respectively, smai, avai, psti and hincii. estab ... | 1982 | 7049840 |
| [perinatal infections caused by rare pathogens. 5. citrobacter]. | 1982 | 7050839 | |
| comparison of two methods for same-day identification of enterobacteriaceae. | two commercial methods, api 20e (as modified for same-day enterobacterial identification) and micro-id, were evaluated for ability to provide useful same-day information of 368 clinically isolated enterobacteriaceae. organisms included escherichia coli (54), shigella (7), edwardsiella tarda (1), salmonella enteritidis (10), citrobacter (30), klebsiella (55), enterobacter (68), hafnia alvei (2), serratia (33), proteus (64), morganella morganii (24), providencia (18), and yersinia enterocolitica ( ... | 1982 | 7051807 |
| the microbiology of transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. | the relationship of citrobacter freundii (4280) to the development of colonic hyperplasia in mice was investigated. the number of citrobacter freundii (4280) in the descending colon were quantitated at intervals following experimental inoculation, and findings were correlated with previously reported histological and ultrastructural findings. citrobacter freundii (4280) was a transient infection, lasting 2-3 weeks, after which time mice no longer harbored the organism. neomycin sulfate and tetra ... | 1980 | 7052371 |
| pulmonary toxicity of endotoxins: comparison of lipopolysaccharides from various bacterial species. | lipopolysaccharides from three gram-negative bacteria isolated from bale cotton and piggery air were analyzed for their chemical composition, and their pulmonary toxicity for guinea pigs, lethal toxicity for mice, and pyrogenicity for rabbits were measured. lipopolysaccharides from enterobacter agglomerans and citrobacter freundii had closely related chemical compositions; both were pyrogenic for rabbits and caused a dose-dependent influx of polymorphonuclear leukocytes into the airways of guine ... | 1982 | 7056574 |
| recovery of heat-injured citrobacter freundii cells. | 1982 | 7068522 | |
| comparative epidemiology of gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria: persistence of carriage and infection. | during a two-year period from january 1979, 260 patients have been involved in an outbreak of carriage and infection due to gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria. we have examined the duration of carriage of such enterobacteria and have compared the carriage of klebsiella with that of other resistant enterobacteria. carriage of gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria occurred most frequently and was least sporadic in the intestinal tract. vaginal carriage was observed in 49 out of 68 patients tested a ... | 1982 | 7076872 |
| citrobacter diversus urinary tract infection. | 1982 | 7081167 | |
| [properties and etiological role of citrobacter 019 in acute intestinal diseases]. | 1982 | 7090655 | |
| comparison of three automated systems for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli. | several instruments for automated or semiautomated susceptibility testing are currently available. three of these instruments, autobac (general diagnostics, warner-lambert co., morris plains, n.j.), ms-2 (abbott laboratories, dallas, tex.), and automicrobic system (ams) (vitek, inc., hazelwood, mo.) were compared for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli. a total of 207 isolates representing 29 species of gram-negative bacilli were tested simultaneously by each instrument ... | 1982 | 7096560 |
| hand carriage of aerobic gram-negative rods by health care personnel. | a quantitative culture technique (hand washed in a glove containing broth for 30 s) was used to determine the frequency of hand carriage of aerobic gram-negative rods by various groups of health care workers and 104 control subjects. overall, 31% of health care workers carried aerobic gram-negative rods on their hands compared to 59% of control subjects (p < 0.001). enterobacter agglomerans accounted for 40% of the isolates, and other enterobacter spp. 7%. other organisms included acinetobacter ... | 1982 | 7097001 |
| in vitro potentiation of cephalosporins by alafosfalin against urinary tract bacteria. | potentiating activity of alafosfalin was examined in detail with 8 cephalosporins and mecillinam against 164 urinary bacteria representing 8 genera. alafosfalin was generally comparable in activity to cefamandole and mecillinam but superior to other cephalosporins tested. when the minimal fractional inhibitory concentration indices were compared, synergism was observed with all of the beta-lactams tested for all species except streptococcus faecalis. marked synergism was observed with escherichi ... | 1982 | 7103452 |
| innate human serum bactericidal activity against salmonella, shigella, citrobacter and providencia sp. | 1982 | 7121140 | |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of opportunistic bacteria isolated from patients]. | sensitivity of 147 enterobacteria strains isolated from feces of various patients was determined with the method of serial dilutions on solid nutrient media. 8 antibiotics were tested. by genera (species) the microorganisms were arranged in the following order: e. coli (65 strains), citrobacter (33 strains), e. cloacae (15 strains), serratia liquefaciens (9 strains), hafnia (6 strains), klebsiella (4 strains), pectobacterium (3 strains), non-identified organisms (13 strains). the majority of the ... | 1982 | 7137975 |
| cell and atp yields of citrobacter freundii growing with fumarate and h2 or formate in continuous culture. | out of 19 strains belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae only escherichia coli and citrobacter strains fermented fumarate exclusively to succinate. this fermentation was dependent on the presence of molecular hydrogen or formate. the inability of these micro-organisms to convert fumarate to succinate, acetate and co2 correlated with their lack, or low activity, of oxaloacetate decarboxylase. continuous culture experiments were performed with citrobacter freundii in minimal or complex medium ... | 1982 | 7142962 |
| underestimation of total-coliform counts by the membrane filter verification procedure. | coliforms, primarily citrobacter freundii, gave negative verification results in the total-coliform membrane filtration test. the organisms produced gas from lactose in brilliant green bile broth but not in lauryl tryptose broth. the discrepancy was related to the peptone sources used in the media. | 1982 | 7149709 |
| comparative in vitro antibacterial activity of seven semi-synthetic penicillins against aerobic gram-negative bacteria and enterococci. | the mics and mbcs of mecillinam, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, azlocillin and piperacillin were determined by the microdilution method in liquid medium using 700 strains of gram-negative bacilli and enterococci isolated from pathological sources and classified as a function of their sensitivity to ampicillin and carbenicillin. the ampicillin and carbenicillin-sensitive strains were generally sensitive to the other penicillins, although there were differences in activity. the ampicillin and carbenici ... | 1982 | 7152690 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical isolates to aminoglycoside antibiotics. susceptibility of clinical isolates from patients with complex and refractory infections]. | four hundred strains (13 species, 8 genera) were obtained from patients with complicated and intractable infections. the antibiotic sensitivities of these isolates were determined in relation to aminoglycoside (ags) (gm, dkb, amk, hbk), beta-lactam (sbpc, pipc, cmz), and fom. 1. the frequency of clinical isolates that were resistant to gm and dkb in this study was high level in the case of s. aureus, enterobacter spp., s. marcescens, proteus spp. (indole positive) and p. aeruginosa. and some of ... | 1982 | 7154245 |
| [comparative in vitro activity of dibekacin, gentamicin and tobramycin on 617 bacterial strains]. | minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations of 3 aminoglycosides (dibekacin, gentamicin, tobramycin) have been recorded with 617 hospital strains. 4 mg/l of tobramycin inhibited 82 to 84% of enterobacteria, pseudomonas, acinetobacter and s. aureus; the less sensitive species are serratia (51%) and citrobacter (68%). 4 mg/l concentration of gentamicin or dibekacin inhibited 80-83% of pseudomonas and s. aureus, 78-79% of acinetobacter and 74% of enterobacteria. dibekacin shows an in vitro a ... | 1982 | 7155846 |
| [antibiograms in ambulatory medical practice. results with a group of gram-negative bacilli strains isolated by uroculture]. | during the april 1979--june 1978 period, 1161 tests were carried out on the sensitivity to antibiotics and chemotherapeutical agents of gram-negative bacillus strains isolated from 7632 urocultures. resistance was tested under qualitative control against 13 antimicrobial agents by the kirby-bauer diffusimetric method. the resistance sensitivity and the presence of intermediary strains is shown for e. coli citrobacter, enterobacter, klebsiella, proteus, morganella, providencia, and pseudomonas. a ... | 1982 | 7156696 |
| enzymic oxidation of manganese by cell-free extracts of bacteria from manganese concretions from soil. | 1982 | 7173744 | |
| studies on the oa-6129 group of antibiotics, new carbapenem compounds. ii. in vitro evaluation. | the oa-6129 group of antibiotics, new carbapenem compounds, had relatively potent antimicrobial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. synergism of compound oa-6129a in combination with conventional beta-lactam antibiotics was observed in antimicrobial activity against beta-lactamase producers such as proteus vulgaris gn 76 and citrobacter freundii gn 346. the new carbapenem compounds were slightly superior to ps-5 in stability to kidney homogenates of various animal specie ... | 1982 | 7174514 |
| in vitro activity of temocillin (brl 17421), a novel beta-lactam antibiotic. | the minimal inhibitory concentration of temocillin (brl 17421) against 476 clinical isolates was determined by an agar dilution method. temocillin was active against most of the enterobacteriaceae, haemophilus, and neisseria strains tested. the compound showed low activity or was inactive against bacteroides, campylobacter, acinetobacter, pseudomonas, and staphylococcus aureus strains. within each species, individual strains showed a high degree of uniformity in their susceptibility to temocilli ... | 1982 | 7181470 |
| [brief report on food poisoning due to citrobacter]. | 1982 | 7185460 | |
| [epidemiologic and clinico-laboratory characteristics of group illnesses caused by bacteria of the genus citrobacter]. | 1980 | 7192465 | |
| bacterial colonization of the upper intestine in mild tropical malabsorption. | the bacterial flora of the upper intestine has been examined in symptomatic expatriate adults with mild tropical malabsorption, without steatorrhoea, persisting for many months after return to a western environment. seven of the 11 patients had enterobacteria in luminal fluid or mucosal samples in numbers ranging from 10(3) to 10(8) per ml or per g. the most common isolate was klebsiella pneumoniae (in four cases); citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas spp. were also detected ... | 1980 | 7210130 |
| an outbreak of diarrhea due to citrobacter freundii in a neonatal special care nursery. | 1980 | 7216341 | |
| [psychrotrophic and coliform microflora of the udder in cows]. | a study of the psychrotrophic and coliform microflora over the udders of cows was carried out. it was proved that the way and means of cleaning them exercise a great influence on the composition of the psychrotrophic and coliform microflora. the psychrotrophic flora over the udders consisted of 46.9% of specimens of p. micrococcus, 8.7%-p. streptococcus, 8.2% staphylococcus, 7.4%-corynebacterium, 2.8%-saccharomyces, 10%-coliform bacteria, 12.5%-psychrophils, mainly of p. pseudomonas and p. flavo ... | 1980 | 7222461 |
| [citrobacter diversus bacteria (classification position, role in pathology)]. | 1980 | 7223190 | |
| factors affecting salmonellae repopulation in composted sludges. | the repopulation potential and recovery of salmonella sp. and their close relatives arizona spp. and citrobacter spp. in sewage sludge which had been composted was examined. salmonellae growth in previously composted sludge was found to occur in the mesophilic temperature range (20 to 40 degrees c), require a moisture content of greater than or equal to 20%, and require a carbon/nitrogen ratio in excess of 15:1. | 1981 | 7224626 |
| [in vitro activity of fosfomycin]. | the in vitro activity of phosphomycin has been compared with other antibiotics in 1703 bacterial strains isolated from pathological specimens sent to the laboratory from various divisions of the hospital. results were first class on both gram-positive and gram-negative flora. it was in first place as regards staphylococcus (97.4% sensitive strains), citrobacter (68.6%), proteus mirabilis (73.1%), indole positive proteus (48.2%). it also predominated in pseudomonas (54.6%) and e. coli (86.7%). in ... | 1980 | 7224844 |
| citrobacter diversus brain abscess and meningitis in neonates. | brain abscess is an infrequent complication of meningitis, including cases caused by gram-negative enteric bacteria in neonates. because brain abscesses recently developed in four of five neonates with citrobacter diversus meningitis at one institution, we reviewed cases of c diversus meningitis reported in the literature and those enrolled in the neonatal meningitis cooperative study groups and reported to the centers for disease control. seventy-four cases in neonates were identified, and a br ... | 1981 | 7230384 |
| preparation of 15n-labeled l-aspartic acid using whole bacteria as enzyme source. | 1981 | 7235212 | |
| [utilization and fermentation of 2-ketogluconate by "enterobacteriaceae" (author's transl)]. | two methods were compared: 1) the ability to use 2-ketogluconate (2-kg) as source of carbon and energy in defined medium, and 2) the ability to produce acid by fermentation of 2-kg (0.5 g/100 ml) in peptone water with phenol red. results of growth on, and acid production from, 2-kg were identical. a total of 990 strains was studied. no strain of escherichia coli, shigella (4 species), salmonella (4 sub-genera), yersinia pestis, y. pseudotuberculosis, edwardsiella (2 species), proteus vulgaris, p ... | 1981 | 7235456 |
| growth conditions and heat resistance of citrobacter freundii. | the influence of the growth medium and the growth temperature on the heat resistance of citrobacter freundii has been established. logarithmic growth phase cells grown on rich media have a higher heat resistance than cells of the same phase grown on minimal media. this finding was independent of type of carbon source in the growth medium, but the kind of carbon source has a definite influence on the heat resistance. logarithmic phase cells grown at 37 degrees c are much more heat stable than cel ... | 1980 | 7235690 |
| plasmid specification of resistance to antibacterial compounds in environmental citrobacter freundii. | citrobacter freundii from an environmental source displayed resistance to a wide variety of antibacterials. some of these resistances could be transferred by conjugation with frequencies as high as 10(-2). the complexity of plasmid involvement in the antibacterial resistance of this species was demonstrated by isolation of plasmid dna from two isolates. in one strain, resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics was specified by a 55 x 10(6) molecular weight plasmid, whereas kanamycin and neomycin resi ... | 1981 | 7237280 |
| [fundamental and clinical studies on cefadroxil dry syrup in children (author's transl)]. | fundamental and clinical studies were made on cefadroxil, a new oral cephalosporin, and the following results were obtained. (1) antibacterial activity of the drug against s. aureus, s. epidermidis, e. coli, klebsiella, salmonella and p. mirabilis was almost equal to that of cephalexin. the mic of indole positive proteus. enterobacter, citrobacter, s. marcescens and p. aeruginosa to cefadroxil was higher than 100 microgram/ml in almost all strains. (2) serum concentrations following an oral admi ... | 1981 | 7241805 |
| [incidence and antibiotic-sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria in the urinary infections (author's transl)]. | urinary tract infections due to low-grade pathogenic gram-negative bacteria show an increasing prevalence. the frequency of isolation from urinary samples of some of these pathogens (alcaligenes, citrobacter, acinetobacter, providencia, serratia) was detected in a group of adult patients. the role of local and systemic predisposing factors was investigated. these bacterial agents accounted for 21% of 1,354 isolated strains. systemic predisposing factors were found in most patients. moreover, a h ... | 1980 | 7244101 |
| sensitive and fast simultaneous photometric determination of oxygen consumption and nad(p)h formation or disappearance using a continuous flow cuvette. | 1981 | 7247026 | |
| relationship of colonic mucosal background to neoplastic proliferative activity in dimethylhydrazine-treated mice. | proliferative activity of background and neoplastic colonic mucosa was examined following five months of weekly injections of 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (20 mg/kg) and one or four months of rest to determine whether previously reported changes may result from an acute or chronic effect of dimethylhydrazine and whether differences exist between stages of neoplasia. to determine whether neoplasia is responsive to a proliferative stimulus, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine dihydrochloride-treated mice were inoculat ... | 1981 | 7248933 |
| syntheses of l-tyrosine-related amino acids by tyrosine phenol-lyase of citrobacter intermedius. | degradation of tyrosine to phenol, pyruvate and ammonia by tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius (formerly named escherichia intermedia) is readily reversible at high concentrations of pyruvate and ammonia. spectrophotometric studies indicate that ammonia is the first substrate which interacts with bound pyridoxal 5'-phosphate. kinetic results show that pyruvate is the second substrate bound, hence phenol must be the third. when an appropriate phenol derivative is substituted for ph ... | 1981 | 7262088 |
| fatal neonatal central nervous system infection caused by citrobacter diversus. | citrobacter diversus is a serious, albeit rare, offender of the central nervous system (cns) in the neonatal period and in early infancy. we report here a case of neonatal cns infection caused by c. diversus. the course of the illness was one of rapid deterioration, leading to recurrent seizures, coma and death. since neonatal c. diversus cns infection carries a grave prognosis, intraventricular administration of gentamicin should be considered. | 1981 | 7263196 |
| [sero- and biovars of levinea malonatica (syn. citrobacter diversus, citrobacter koseri) in clinical material (author's transl)]. | the biochemical and serological examination of 31 strains of levinea malonatica isolated from faeces, urine, sputum, wound infections and blood showed no correlation of bio- or serovars with the origin of the strains. serological cross-reactions between o-antigens of l. malonatica and certain salmonella, shigella and yersinia enterocolitica serovars were analysed. they are low-titred and seem to be of minor importance. sensitivity testing revealed the resistance of l. malonatica against penicill ... | 1981 | 7269856 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of fr-31564, a phosphonic acid antimicrobial agent. | the in vitro and in vivo activity of fr-31564 [sodium hydrogen 3-(n-hydroxyformamido)propylphosphate] against gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated and compared with that of fosfomycin, cephalexin, carbenicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the in vitro activity of fr-31564 was markedly enhanced when combined with glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, but not when combined with ribose phosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or glycerol phosphate. i ... | 1981 | 7271270 |
| epidemic nosocomial meningitis due to citrobacter diversus in neonates. | five infants born at one hospital over a two-year period developed meningitis due to a serotype o2 strain of citrobacter diversus; four infants developed brain abscesses due to this organism. the initial prevalence of stool colonization in infants was 79%; eventually 140 infants (10%) and six nurses (6%) were found to be colonized. one colonized infant remained in the hospital for the entire two-year period. the strains were of two biotypes marked by the presence (biotype d) or absence (biotype ... | 1981 | 7276635 |
| [quantitative and species composition of conditionally-pathogenic microorganisms of the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae in healthy subjects and intestinal dysbacteriosis]. | the spread and quantitative content of opportunistic microorganisms belonging to the families enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonadaceae in clinically healthy persons and in somatic patients with intestinal dysbacteriosis were studied. opportunistic enterobacteria were shown to be widely spread in healthy persons (k. pneumoniae in 45%, citrobacter in 44%, e. aerogenes in 17%, e. cloaceae in 11%). in clinically healthy persons most of these cultures (72.3%) were detected in an amount not exceeding 1 ... | 1981 | 7282190 |
| r factors in coliform-fecal coliform sewage flora of the prairies and northwest territories of canada. | coliform and fecal coliform populations found in the raw sewages and final sewage effluents of the prairie provinces and the northwest territories were examined for antibiotic resistance and the possession of r factors. it was determined that 8.91% of the total coliform and 10.80% of the fecal coliform populations carried r factors. the following numbers of combinations of r determinants were found: 39 in the escherichia coli population, 6 in the citrobacter population, 20 in the enterobacter po ... | 1981 | 7283425 |
| in vitro synergism of fr-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic. | against most test strains of gram-negative bacilli, the in vitro effect of fr-31564 together with beta-lactam antibiotics or trimethoprim was strongly synergistic; with tetracycline and nalidixic acid the effect was additive; and with gentamicin and sulfamethoxazole the effect was additive or antagonistic. fr-31564 was markedly synergistic with beta-lactam antibiotics against beta-lactam antibiotic-resistant gram-negative bacilli such as klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter aerogenes, e. cloacae, ... | 1981 | 7287590 |
| variation in skin and environmental survival of hospital gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria. | during a period when 245 patients were infected by or harboured gentamicin-resistant enterobacteria, random sampling showed hand carriage in 33% of affected patients but in only 5% of attendant staff. only klebsiellae were isolated from the latter. recovery was commoner from the hands of bed-ridden patients or faecal carriers and significantly more frequent for klebsiellae (37%) and enterobacter (33%) than citrobacter (5.6%) and e. coli (5.0%). similarly, survival on forearms of volunteers was m ... | 1981 | 7288180 |
| [immobilization of citrobacter l-asparaginase in polyacrylamide gel]. | bacterial l-asparaginase, immobilized on polyacrylamide gel, exhibited higher stability to denaturation and to the effect of a proteolytic enzyme. the immobilized enzyme exhibited the ph optimum of activity displaced by one ph unit to the acid side as compared with the free enzyme. the apparent km value was approximately 200-fold higher as compared with the free l-asparaginase. the immobilized asparaginase hydrolyzed both l- and d-asparagine isomers but the free enzyme was highly stereospecific. | 1981 | 7293086 |
| [enterobacterial taxonomy: erwinia carotovora and yersinia enterocolitica]. | the immunotyping of the intracellular protein complex in enterobacteria has allowed to reveal that the intracellular proteins of e. carotovora and y. enterocolitica possess an antigenic profile characteristics of bacteria belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae. e. carotovora are similar to the main group of enterobacteria (escherichia, shigella, salmonella, enterobacter, klebsiella, citrobacter, arizona) in the degree of the antigenic homology of their intracellular protein complex. y. enter ... | 1981 | 7293572 |
| [citrobacter freundii interaction with epithelial cells and macrophages in vitro]. | electron-microscopic study has revealed the capacity of enteropathogenic c. freundii strain to adhere to the glycocalyx of epithelial hela cells, to proliferate on their surface and to induce the toxic damage of their organelles. c. freundii, possessing a fibrillar microcapsule, have been shown to be capable of resisting the action of the lysosome enzymes of guinea-pig macrophages and disorganizing macrophage cultures. the latter fact should be taken into consideration in working with c. freundi ... | 1981 | 7293573 |
| dermatologic manifestations of citrobacter septicemia. | 1981 | 7298930 | |
| the effect of polyamines on the poly(adenylic acid)-induced inhibition of ribonuclease activity. | segments of poly(a) at the 3'-termini of 5 s rrna inhibit the activities of ribonucleases from citrobacter, enterobacter, bovine pancreas, human spleen and human plasma. certain polyamines, or compounds containing polyamine substructures, mediate reversal of this inhibition. effective compounds contain three amino groups, at least two of which are charged and are separated from the others by no less than three carbon atoms. spermidine and 9-aminoacridines, which contain substituted propyl- or bu ... | 1981 | 7305928 |
| "bacteriological bit": citrobacter diversus osteomyelitis in a neonate. | 1981 | 7307414 | |
| [histological and bacteriological examination of uterus from the repeat breeder gilt and sow (author's transl)]. | the investigation comprised sexual organs from 25 gilts and 97 sows culled because of repeat breeding. among the gilts 24.0 per cent and among the sows 25.8 per cent had endometritis. the following germs were present in uterus from gilts and sows with signs of endometritis: staphylococcus aureus, corynebacterium pyogenes, alpha-hemolytiske streptococcer, escherichia coli, pasteurella sp., aeromonas sp., acinetobacter sp. and citrobacter sp. among gilts and sows with germs present in uterus 40.9 ... | 1981 | 7322875 |
| effect of clindamycin prophylaxis on the colonic microflora in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. | clindamycin was given intravenously to 15 patients undergoing colorectal surgery in an initial dose of 600 mg, given at induction of anesthesia followed by 6 doses of 600 mg at 8-h intervals. series of serum samples and fecal specimens were taken for analysis of clindamycin concentrations. tissue samples from the gut wall were taken at surgery. the highest serum concentrations observed occurred 30 min after administration of clindamycin and varied between 6.8 and 37.9 microgram/ml (mean, 14.8 +/ ... | 1981 | 7325640 |
| antigenic scheme of citrobacter koseri. | an antigenic scheme, based on the determination of 17 somatic and 9 flagellar antigens, is proposed for citrobacter koseri. seven of the flagellar antigens constituted the specific phase (a through g), and the others (1 and 2) were nonspecific. of the 238 theoretically possible serotypes, 48 were identified among 680 cultures examined. | 1981 | 7334075 |
| a biotype of enterobacteriaceae intermediate between citrobacter and enterobacter. | the authors isolated two strains of an unnamed bacterial biotype with characteristics intermediate between those of enterobacter and citrobacter. the organisms did not produce acetyl-methyl carbinol, but decarboxylated lysine. apart from the latter trait, they most closely resemble h2s-negative citrobacter freundii. they differ biochemically from all other currently accepted species of enterobacteriaceae. their pathogenic significance appears similar to that of the two genera they most closely r ... | 1980 | 7352413 |
| netilmicin: its in vitro activity and synergism with penicillin compounds. | the in vitro efficacy of netilmicin and its synergism with penicillins were examined. netilmicin was effective against e. coli, indole-negative and -positive proteus, klebsiella, enterobacter, salmonella, shigella and serratia. netilmicin was less effective than other aminoglycosides against citrobacter and pseudomonas. a combination of netilmicin and piperacillin synergistically inhibited enterococci. netilmicin was not synergistic with either penicillin or carbenicillin against enterococci. ne ... | 1980 | 7353438 |
| covalent linkage of poly(a) to rna produces a molecule altered in both structure and susceptibility to ribonuclease-mediated hydrolysis. | 1980 | 7358703 | |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of fr-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic. | fr-31564, a new phosphonic acid antibiotic, was active against most gram-negative bacteria except serratia marcescens and glucose-nonfermenting gram-negative rods excluding pseudomonas aeruginosa. the antibacterial activity in vitro of fr-31564 was stronger than that of fosfomycin especially against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter species and p. aeruginosa. fr-31564 also was active against gram-negative bacteria resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics and against gentamicin-re ... | 1980 | 7372548 |
| gram-negative sepsis in neonates: a nursery outbreak due to hand carriage of citrobacter diversus. | an outbreak of citrobacter diversus infections occurred in a newborn nursery at a 350-bed community hospital during september and october 1978. two infants developed sepsis and meningitis and nine additional infants had asymptomatic umbilical colonization. these infants did not differ from control, noncolonized infants with respect to numerous clinical and environmental variables. surveillance cultures failed to implicate an environmental source for the citrobacter. however, cultures of nursery ... | 1980 | 7375234 |
| bacterial contamination of drinking water supplies in a modern rural neighborhood. | on six occasions during a 15-month period, the private well and spring water supplies in a modern rural neighborhood of 78 households were examined for total coliforms, fecal coliforms, staphylococcus aureus, and standard plate count bacteria. more than one-third of the water supplies were unsatisfactory on at least one occasion as judged by standard plate counts over 10(3)/ml and the presence of coliforms, fecal coliforms, and/or s. aureus. citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, and esche ... | 1980 | 7377773 |
| [isolation, purification and some properties of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from citrobacter freundii cells]. | a new procedure for isolation of tyrosine-phenol-lyase from the cells of c. freundii strain 62 allowing to obtain a highly purified enzyme with a high yield at a reduced time expenditure has been developed. the procedure described differs from the well-known method for isolation of the enzyme from the cells of escherichia intermedia and erwinia herbicola. some properties of the enzyme from c. freundii 62, e.g. stability, dependence of the enzyme activity on some mono- and bivalent cations and ph ... | 1980 | 7378508 |
| antimicrobial activity of netilmicin in comparison with gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin, and amikacin and their resistance patterns. | the antimicrobial activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, sisomicin, tobramycin and amikacin was determined by means of the microdilution test. 1000 fresh isolates of strains of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and 7 species of the enterobacteriaceae were tested. the activities were compared and cross-resistances were analyzed which appeared among the various drugs. against amikacin, only 0.5% of all strains (3 p. aeruginosa, 1 s. aureus, 1 p. mirabilis) were resistant. of the other dru ... | 1980 | 7387761 |
| all meningitis is not alike. | 1980 | 7394604 | |
| microbial activity of trench leachates from shallow-land, low-level radioactive waste disposal sites. | trench leachate samples collected anoxically from shallow-land, low-level radioactive waste disposal sites were analyzed for total aerobic and anaerobic populations, sulfate reducers, denitrifiers, and methanogens. among the several aerobic and anaerobic bacteria isolated, only bacillus sp., pseudomonas sp., citrobacter sp., and clostridium sp. were identified. mixed bacterial cultures isolated from the trench leachates were able to grow anaerobically in trench leachates, which indicates that th ... | 1980 | 7406490 |
| [conditions for the formation of molecular hydrogen by citrobacter freundii]. | cell suspensions of citrobacter freundii grown under anaerobic and aerobic conditions are capable of evolving molecular hydrogen. hydrogen evolution is more active by the cells of anaerobic cultures in the exponential growth phase in the presence of reduced methylviologen or formate. the optimal temperature for hydrogen evolution from formate is about 40 degrees c, the optimal ph is 6.2 to 6.4. the presence of o2 in the gaseous phase inhibits hydrogen evolution by the cells; however the inhibiti ... | 1980 | 7412615 |
| evaluation of a new assay for vi antibody in chronic carriers of salmonella typhi. | the assay for serum antibody to the salmonella typhi capsular polysaccharide (vi) antigen has recently been revised because of the availability of a purified, highly polymerized vi antigen. we compared this revised vi antibody assay to the traditional one for potential usefulness in the surveillance of chronic enteric carriers of s. typhi. the purified vi antigen of citrobacter freundii was incorporated into a passive hemagglutination assay for serum vi antibody; the standard vi antibody assay w ... | 1980 | 7419698 |
| diagnostic exercise. transmissible murine colonic hyperplasia. | 1980 | 7421111 |