Publications

effectiveness of two insecticides in controlling ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) following an outbreak of lyme disease in new jersey.		1987	3114494
lyme disease presenting as recurrent acute meningitis.		1987	3115452
lyme disease and hla-dr antigens.		1987	3120351
lyme disease--connecticut.		1988	3122001
borrelia burgdorferi in a newborn despite oral penicillin for lyme borreliosis during pregnancy.		1988	3130607
possible pitfalls of an indirect immunofluorescence assay as the sole serological test in the diagnosis of lyme disease.		1988	3132389
[thrombocytopenic purpura caused by borrelia burgdorferi?].	in november 1983 a woman born in 1902 was found to have thrombocytopenic purpura with a platelet count of 14,000/microliter. examination of the sternal marrow resulted in a suspected diagnosis of werlhof's disease. platelet counts dropped at times to below 7,000/microliter during immunosuppressive treatment with corticosteroids and azathioprine of three months' duration. when this treatment was discontinued spontaneous remission occurred until july 1984. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans was d ...	1988	3133191
[case report of lyme disease showing large erythematous lesion in the abdomen].		1988	3138324
lyme disease with acute purulent meningitis.		1988	3139148
broad-host-range plasmid and m13 bacteriophage-derived vectors for promoter analysis in escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa.	a set of bacteriophage and plasmid vectors containing xyle as a reporter gene was constructed for the analysis of promoters functional in escherichia coli and in other gram-negative bacteria. two m13 bacteriophage derivatives, m13mvdx18 and m13mmk010, were designed for rapid cloning, screening and sequencing of dna fragments promoting transcription in e. coli. to demonstrate their utility, total cellular dna from a variety of bacterial species including pseudomonas aeruginosa strain pao was shot ...	1988	3149945
lyme disease: a rare cause of arthritis?		1987	3153609
the use of doxycycline in nervous system borrelia burgdorferi infection.	alternatives to high dose benzylpenicillin treatment are sought for in patients with mild borrelia burgdorferi nervous system infection. doxycycline 100 mg twice daily for 10-20 days was used in nine patients with radicular pains, vertigo or weakness in the legs caused by b. burgdorferi infection. the patients had suffered from neurologic symptoms for a median time of five months. in eight patients doxycycline was orally administered and in one intravenously. all nine patients had remission of r ...	1988	3166545
[lyme disease in otoneurology practice].		1988	3168036
intensity and duration of borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infectivity in rodent hosts.		1988	3170076
ticks and biting insects infected with the etiologic agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi.	members of 18 species of ticks, mosquitoes, horse flies, and deer flies were collected in southeastern connecticut and tested by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods for borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease. an infection rate of 36.2% (116 tested), recorded for immature ixodes dammini, exceeded positivity values for all other arthropod species. prevalence of infection for hematophagous insects ranged from 2.9% of 105 hybomitra lasiophthalma to 14.3% of seven hybomi ...	1988	3170711
lyme borreliosis in the soviet union: a cooperative us-ussr report.	we identified 90 patients with tick-borne erythema migrans in the union of soviet socialist republics (ussr) in areas from the western baltic republics to the maritime territory on the pacific ocean. symptoms associated with the erythema included fever, malaise and fatigue, headache, myalgias, arthralgias, or regional lymphadenopathy. within two weeks to four months, 58 (64%) of the patients developed neurological abnormalities, particularly radicular pain, cranial neuritis, or lymphocytic menin ...	1988	3171226
cultivation of borrelia burgdorferi from joint fluid three months after treatment of facial palsy due to lyme borreliosis.		1988	3171237
[lyme disease in the area of belgrade. 1st reported cases].		2011	3176416
characterization of a circular plasmid from borrelia burgdorferi, etiologic agent of lyme disease.	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, was recently shown to contain plasmid dna. two plasmid species have been described in strain ct1, a wisconsin tick isolate: a 9.2-kilobase entity; and a larger, 70-kilobase entity. characterization of the 9.2-kilobase entity by using dnase i and restriction endonucleases demonstrated that the plasmid is supercoiled and exists as a stable dimer in this strain. the role played by the plasmid in b. burgdorferi is unknown.	1988	3183006
new borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant isolated from ixodes dammini from upstate new york.	a previously undescribed borrelia burgdorferi antigenic variant was isolated from each of four ixodes dammini larvae removed from white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus, captured in millbrook, n.y. this site is in the northern range of the known distribution of the tick in the northeastern united states. the molecular weights of approximately 32,500 and 35,500 for outer surface a and outer surface b proteins, respectively, were distinctly higher than those for previously characterized isolates f ...	1988	3183008
[epidemiology of lyme disease].		1988	3187264
[borrelia burgdorferi encephalomyelitis].	we report two patients with chronic encephalomyelitis due to borrelia burgdorferi in whom the definite diagnosis was delayed because of atypical clinical features. the first patient presented with chronic spastic paraparesis, slight ataxia and nystagmus of several years' duration. a tentative diagnosis of multiple sclerosis was made in spite of important abnormalities of the csf biological characteristics. the second patient presented with an acute aphasia and a bilateral babinski's sign. he was ...	1988	3187297
ticks parasitizing humans in a lyme disease endemic area of southern new york state.	a total of 126 tick specimens were submitted by tick bite victims to the westchester county department of health, white plains, new york, and to the new york medical college, medical entomology laboratory, armonk, new york, during 1985. these included 96 (76.2%) ixodes dammini, 26 (20.6%) dermacentor variabilis, and two (1.6%) amblyomma americanum. i. dammini parasitism was reported during all months of the year except december and february and involved all life stages. only d. variabilis adults ...	1988	3189288
lyme disease and related disorders.		1988	3190087
lyme disease: antigens of borrelia burgdorferi and immune responses to them.		1988	3190088
the genes encoding major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi are located on a plasmid.		1988	3190089
development of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodid tick vectors.		1988	3190091
vector tick populations and lyme disease. a summary of control strategies.	although many aspects of lyme disease have been intensely studied for over a decade, little research has been directed toward control of the principal tick vector, ixodes dammini. ecological and epidemiological investigations have provided not only an ample understanding of tick biology and behavior, they have also identified the types of areas at risk for disease transmission. the advantages and limitations of previous attempts to control i. dammini by host reduction, habitat modification, and ...	1988	3190092
prospects for suppressing transmission of lyme disease.	a variety of methods have been developed to prevent human infection by the lyme disease spirochete in the northeastern united states, mainly based on the observations that nymphal ixodes dammini serve as vector, that deer serve as hosts for the reproductive stage of this tick, that white-footed mice serve as the reservoir of infection, and that nymphs are most abundant in early summer and must attach for 2 days before infection is transmitted. methods for personal protection included seasonal av ...	1988	3190093
host responses to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs and horses.	by using paired sera the igm and igg host responses were analyzed in dogs with elisa and western blot techniques. antibodies in clinical seropositive dogs bound to 4-25 igm and up to 40 or more igg antigenic determinants. early igm response to the 41-kda flagellin persisted for at least 9 months and involved as many as seven other peptides. igg response expanded later in the disease and involved more immunogens than are currently recognized in late human disease. a percentage of asymptomatic dog ...	1988	3190094
borrelia burgdorferi infection in wisconsin horses and cows.	blood samples from wisconsin horses and cows suspected of having clinical disease due to borrelia burgdorferi infection were submitted by veterinary practitioners. all serum, milk, colostrum, and synovial samples were tested for b. burgdorferi antibodies by immunofluorescence. whole blood, milk, colostrum, and synovial fluid samples were cultured for b. burgdorferi. records were kept on the clinical signs of antibody-positive animals, date of sample, and location of the animal by county. of the ...	1988	3190095
nervous system abnormalities in lyme disease.		1988	3190096
epidemiologic studies of lyme disease in horses and their public health significance.	a serologic survey of horses in the new jersey-pennsylvania area demonstrated that about 10% (6.2-14.2%) have significant levels of serum antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. however, in a highly endemic area of central new jersey, up to 60% of the mares and yearlings samples on one farm were seropositive. in 1983, sera from this same farm exhibited only 12% positives in mares and 35% positives in yearlings. longitudinal studies of paired sera obtained from individual yearlings over a 6-month perio ...	1988	3190097
experimental infection of the hamster with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3190098
the geographic distribution of lyme disease in the united states.	in 1982, national surveillance for lyme disease was established by the centers for disease control to monitor trends and determine endemic geographic areas. initially, the endemic areas corresponded to the known distribution of ixodes dammini, a five-state area of the northeastern seaboard (new york, new jersey, connecticut, rhode island, and massachusetts) and wisconsin and minnesota. increasing numbers of cases have been reported outside these areas, however, 86% of the provisional 5731 cases ...	1988	3190099
occupational risk of lyme disease in endemic areas of new york state.	although lyme disease (ld) is the most common tick-borne disease in the united states, little is known about the frequency of and risk factors for infection with borrelia burgdorferi in occupational groups. in 1986, we recruited primarily outdoor workers from six employee groups in southeastern new york where ld is endemic. of 414 participants who completed questionnaires and had blood samples tested for antibodies against b. burgdorferi by elisa and western immunoblot, 27 (6.5%) were seropositi ...	1988	3190100
clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china.	clinical manifestations and epidemiological characteristics of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china have been reported. the clinical picture of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is variable. ecm in the form of annular erythematous patch is uncommon. it is an extensive and indurated lesion. in some instances, a vesicle or necrosis appears in the center of the lesion. secondary erythema may present in some patients. the neurologic abnormalities consist of meningitis, facial p ...	1988	3190101
treatment of erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease.	between june 1981 and july 1987 the efficacy of antibiotic treatment of 215 patients with erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease was evaluated in terms of the necessity for retreatment and the prevention of the late manifestations of lyme disease. the principal antibiotics utilized to treat 161 patients through 1986 were varying doses of tetracycline, or penicillin alone or in combination with probenecid. two of 80 patients with a minor form of the illness and 17 of 81 patients with a major ...	1988	3190102
borrelia burgdorferi in the nervous system: the new "great imitator".	there are many obvious similarities between lyme disease and syphilis. the major ones are their spirochetal etiology, the ability of the spirochetes to stay alive in human tissue for years, occurrence of clinical manifestations in stages, early disease in the skin and later disease in the brain, and susceptibility to antibiotic treatment. thus, one can assume that many of the same lessons learned from the centuries of experience with syphilis will apply to lyme disease. one of these lessons that ...	1988	3190104
first isolations of borrelia burgdorferi from rodents collected in northern europe.	spirochetes were found in 13% of ixodes ricinus collected from an island, near stockholm where human borreliosis is endemic. borrelia burgdorferi was cultivated from the kidney and/or spleen of wild rodents (clethrionomys glareolus and apodemus flavicollis) from the same island. spirochetes were identified as borrelia burgdorferi by indirect immunofluorescence assays using species and genus specific monoclonal antibodies. in these tests the spirochetes could not be differentiated from strains pr ...	1988	3190915
neuroborreliosis in morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.	nine cases of different types of morphea and two of lichen sclerosus et atrophicus were investigated for the presence of neurologic symptoms. the borrelia origin of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus was verified by the presence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi and by the visualization of spirochetes on histologic sections by immunohistochemical methods. one patient had intrathecally synthesized igg antibodies against b. burgdorferi that indicated intrathecal infection. a secon ...	1988	3192771
ability to ixodes scapularis, dermacentor variabilis, and amblyomma americanum (acari: ixodidae) to acquire, maintain, and transmit lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi).		1988	3193425
ixodes dammini: occurrence and prevalence of infection with borrelia spp. in minnesota.	the distribution of ixodes dammini in minnesota was studied by collecting adult ticks from hunting dogs during the grouse seasons in september and october of 1985 and 1986. the tick was most frequently found in the east-central part of the state. borrelia spp. were observed by immunofluorescence in 10% of the ticks. the locations where ticks were found coincide with the primary endemic areas for lyme disease in the state.	1988	3193571
diagnosing lyme disease: the contribution of serologic testing.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. the diagnosis is based on clinical findings in most patients, particularly those with erythema migrans or exposure to geographic locations endemic for the disease. detection of a specific antibody to b. burgdorferi is a useful confirmatory test in many patients. in atypical cases, however, a positive test result can be pivotal for determining the diagnosis and can lead to institution of definiti ...	1988	3193820
[predominant involvement of the central nervous system in a secondary form of borreliosis].	the clinical features of a patient with a secondary stage of borrelia burgdorferi infection are reported. severe symptoms and signs of central nervous involvement were present.	1988	3194610
[characteristics of the clinical diagnosis and treatment of tick-borne borreliosis (lyme disease)].		1988	3195095
re: "seasonal variation of transmission risk of lyme disease and human babesiosis".		1988	3195573
[the occurrence of lyme borreliosis (lyme disease and its european variant) in the brno region from the viewpoint of the neurologist].		2011	3197145
greater risk of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs than in people.		1988	3198950
lyme disease in italy: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient.	a strain of borrelia burgdorferi was isolated from a 48-year-old female patient suffering from a chronic form of polyarthritis. significant titers of specific anti-borrelia antibodies were not found. this is the first report of isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from a patient in italy.	1988	3203735
seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with juvenile arthritis in ontario, canada.	a seroconversion to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was documented in a 5 year old girl from central ontario. our patient developed juvenile arthritis in january, 1984 when she was 14 months old. it was relatively well controlled with aspirin. her arthritis flared in april, 1986 at which time seroconversion to b. burgdorferi was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence and by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. she was treated with phenoxymethyl penicillin and has ...	1988	3204603
[antibody activity of csf oligoclonal igg in infectious neurological diseases. detection using immunoblotting].	the authors describe various applications of an immunoblot technique which allows the qualitative determination of the specific antibody activity of oligoclonal igg intrathecally synthesized in infectious diseases of the nervous system. after dilution of sera to the same igg concentration as the paired csf samples, 10 microliters of both fluids are applied side by side on agarose gel plates and isoelectrically focused. precipitated igg or specific igg antibodies are then blotted onto a nitrocell ...	1988	3206996
lyme disease: ocular manifestations.	we present three cases of lyme disease, complicated by ocular manifestations. these included optic nerve abnormalities and corneal opacities.	1988	3207308
[some recent results and developments in dermatovenerology].	our own results in dermatology are highlighted, such as the oral "hairy" leukoplakia associated with aids, treatment with acyclovir for herpetic infections, laser therapy for angiomas, lyme disease, x-ray therapy in kaposi's sarcomas, photosensitivity reactions by treatment with thiazid diuretics and follicular mucinosis associated with t-cell lymphomas (mycosis fungoides).	1988	3210865
[lyme disease evolving over 12 years].		1988	3212258
[heart involvement in lyme disease].		1988	3212945
first isolation of borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of lyme borreliosis, from ixodes ricinus (acari: ixodidae) in berlin (west).	in 1984, two human cases of tick-borne lyme borreliosis with considerable neurologic involvement were reported in berlin (west). the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was serologically confirmed. the ticks which had transmitted the borrelia were from berlin (west). in the autumn of 1985, 156 ticks were collected in forests of berlin (west) for the cultural detection of spirochetes by using bsk ii medium. three strains of spirochetes were isolated (from a pooled sample of two nymphs, and samples of o ...	1988	3213319
otoneurological symptomatology in lyme disease.		1988	3213733
infections following tickbites. tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis--a prospective epidemiological study from tyrol.	we present here a prospective study on infections following tickbites in military recruits in the province of tyrol (austria). 84 recruits experienced tickbites and underwent clinical and serological examination twice at four-week intervals for signs of tick borne encephalitis (tbe)-virus or borrelia burgdorferi infections. 56 and 50 recruits could be evaluated for tbe-virus and borrelia infection, respectively. whereas no recruit was found with clinical or laboratory evidence of tbe-virus infec ...	1988	3215687
lyme disease meningopolyneuritis simulating malignant lymphoma.	lyme disease is a multisystem disorder resulting from infection by the tick-borne spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. fever, chills, malaise and headaches; a characteristic rash; and subsequent polyarthritis typically herald the onset of this condition. neurologic involvement may occur with skin and joint manifestations or present alone as meningitis, cranial neuritis, and radiculopathy known as bannwarth's syndrome. we report the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) cytomorphologic and immunocytochemical fe ...	1988	3222255
borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in patients with relapsing/remitting form and chronic progressive form of multiple sclerosis.	sera of 106 multiple sclerosis patients and 103 closely matched controls were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies. the prevalence rate in multiple sclerosis patients was 14.2%, in controls 25.2%. overall prevalence was 20.1%. mean igg antibody level was insignificantly higher in controls than in multiple sclerosis patients. patients with a chronic progressive course of multiple sclerosis had an insignificantly higher mean borrelia antibody level, when compared with those suffering from ...	1988	3225603
complete heart block in a dog seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. similarity to human lyme carditis.	lyme disease has been recognized in humans since 1975 when it was associated with an outbreak of oligoarthritis in children in lyme, connecticut. erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) is a clinical marker for the human disease, which usually appears within 3 to 32 days after an infected tick bite. lyme disease is caused by spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, which is vectored by the hard ticks ixodes dammini or ixodes pacificus in the united states. in humans, lyme disease has been found to cause a var ...	1988	3225808
cns-borreliosis selectively affecting central motor neurons.	a patient is described having borrelia burgdorferi spirochetal infection clinically affecting central motor neurons selectively and without any sensory impairment. diagnosis was based on elevated b. burgdorferi igg antibody titers in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and titer normalization at clinical recovery. this occurred promptly and was complete after penicillin treatment despite 14 months of progressive central nervous system (cns) dysfunction, favouring the hypothesis of the presence of the orga ...	1988	3227803
[transmission of borrelia burgdorferi from nymphs to imago in the tick ixodes persulcatus schulze].		1988	3229314
borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis.	this investigation defined the extent of borrelia burgdorferi infection surrounding la crosse, wis. white-footed mice, peromyscus leucopus or p. maniculatis, were captured from sites in wisconsin, minnesota, and iowa and cultured for b. burgdorferi to define the local boundaries of the midwestern lyme disease area. all foci of b. burgdorferi infection (n1, n2, n3, and n4) were located north of interstate highway 90 except focus s2, which was south of the highway near fort mccoy, wis. the interst ...	1988	3230137
lyme disease--connecticut.		1988	3233680
treatment of lyme disease.		1988	3233968
analogous cases of lyme disease.		1988	3234981
[acrodermatitis chronic atrophicans and sclerodermiform skin changes in borrelia infection].	a female patient with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and widespread sclerodermiform skin lesions with a high igg antibody titer against borrelia burgdorferi is presented. the rapid improvement after high-dose penicillin g therapy and the course of the borrelia antibody titer suggest a persistence of the causative organism.	1988	3235338
heterogeneity in immunoblot patterns obtained by using four strains of borrelia burgdorferi and sera from naturally exposed dogs.	this study evaluated the differences in immunoblot patterns when serum specimens from seropositive dogs were reacted against four strains of borrelia burgdorferi. intense bands were consistently detected for the 83-, 66-, 61- to 60-, 41-, and 31-kilodalton regions for all four strains. most variations were observed in the regions of 45 to 34 and 26 to 15 kilodaltons. adsorption studies suggested that one reason for the observed variability was a difference in proteins among the organisms, rather ...	1988	3235655
acquired transient autoimmune reactions in lyme arthritis: correlation between rheumatoid factor and disease activity.	lyme spirochaetal disease (lsd) is a complex multisystem disorder which has been recognized as a separate entity due to its close geographic clustering of affected patients. the study aimed at evaluating the clinical and immunological features of lsd with chronic symptoms of meningoradiculitis, carditis and pauciarticular arthritis. six patients with lsd and erosive arthritis who developed an increase of serum igm rheumatoid factor (rf) which correlated with the inflammatory activity of the dise ...	1988	3238365
[determination of serum antibody to burgdorferi spirrila and its clinical application in lyme disease].		1988	3242760
[cerebrospinal fluid cytologic findings in children with borrelia infections (neuroborreliosis)].	the infection of the central nervous system by borrelia burgdorferi induces usually a mononuclear (lympho-mono-plasmocellular) cytogram of the cerebrospinal fluid in humans. the initial granulocytosis of the liquor cerebrospinalis typical for bacterial infections is transistory only. such cytologic findings may be misleading to a diagnosis as virus infection. in case of clinical signs (bannwarth syndrome), typical anamnesis or chronic lymphocytic meningitis the estimation of specific igg/igm bor ...	1988	3244809
[the clinical and serologic investigation in 15 cases of lyme disease].		1988	3246194
[etiologic diagnosis of cases of autochthonous borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease)].		1988	3249895
[spirochetes isolated from the blood of three cases of lyme disease with neurologic abnormalities].		1988	3250099
lyme disease in canada.		1988	3250561
[erythema chronicum migrans caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1988	3251480
lyme borrelia positive serology associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	lyme borreliosis acquired during pregnancy may be associated with stillbirth and fetal malformations. this paper reports preliminary results of a study intended to evaluate the frequency of borrelia burgdorferi infection associated with spontaneous abortion in an endemic italian area.	1988	3252658
experimental lyme arthritis in rats infected with borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3258003
[lyme disease and hla-dr antigens: relation between hla-dr2 and hla-dr4].		1988	3258452
spirochetal antigens and lymphoid cell surface markers in lyme synovitis. comparison with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue.	using monoclonal antibodies to spirochetal antigenes and lymphoid cell surface markers, we examined the synovial lesions of 12 patients with lyme disease, and compared them with rheumatoid synovium and tonsillar lymphoid tissue. the synovial lesions of lyme disease patients and rheumatoid arthritis patients were similar and often consisted of the elements found in normal organized lymphoid tissue. in both diseases, t cells, predominantly of the helper/inducer subset, were distributed diffusely i ...	1988	3258751
[lyme disease: its principal neurological and rheumatological aspects].		1988	3259708
in vivo and in vitro evidence of b cell hyperactivity during lyme disease.	in vitro igm production by cells from patients with lyme disease rose during the illness in those studied soon after onset, but fell from elevated levels in those initially studied later than 1 week after onset. borrelia burgdorferi stimulated normal and patients' cells produced igm, with cells from acutely ill patients producing the most; production fell during convalescence. patients with active lyme disease and those destined for later manifestations often had serum agglutinins for heterologo ...	1988	3260952
immunoglobulin g subclasses specific to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with lyme disease.		1988	3263825
lyme borreliosis in california. acarological, clinical, and epidemiological studies.	the relative abundance of, and spirochetal-infection rates in, adult ixodid ticks from eight lyme borreliosis clinical-case areas and two comparison areas were investigated in northern california from late fall to early spring, 1984-87. the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus) was the most abundant species at seven of nine sites yielding specimens as determined with a tick drag method. the pacific coast tick (dermacentor occidentalis) was the most abundant species at two sites, and lesse ...	1988	3263826
an animal model for lyme arthritis.	a model of lyme arthritis has been developed in laboratory rats. intraperitoneal inoculation of a low-passage tick isolate of b. burgdorferi into neonatal and weanling lew/n rats resulted in multisystemic infection and arthritis. spirochetes were isolated from blood, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, and joints of inoculated rats. arthritis, associated with the presence of spirochetes, developed in multiple joints by day 14 and persisted through day 90 after inoculation. arthritic lesions resembled ...	1988	3263827
the role of interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of lyme disease.		1988	3263828
specific immune responses in lyme borreliosis. characterization of t cell and b cell responses to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3263829
association of hla-dr2 antigen with serum igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in bannwarth's syndrome.	the frequency of the hla-dr2 antigen in 33 patients with clinical symptoms and signs of bannwarth's syndrome was 33%, which was not significantly different from the 29% occurrence in 505 control subjects. however, all 11 hla-dr2-positive patients had elevated serum levels of igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, and these were present in 45% of 22 hla-dr2-negative patients (p = 0.004). in the 21 patients with anti-b. burgdorferi antibodies the frequency of hla-dr2 was 52%, which is signif ...	1988	3265432
lyme disease in missouri.		1988	3265759
borrelia burgdorferi--specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from cerebrospinal fluid in lyme radiculomyelitis.	in 3 patients with lyme radiculomyelitis, cellular immune reactions of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) lymphocytes were analyzed. phenotypic analysis of csf cells demonstrated that the majority were t cells (cd3+) of the helper/inducer subset (cd4+). these t cells were directly expanded from the csf by limiting dilution. a total of 505 t-cell lines were tested for borrelia burgdorferi (bb)-specific proliferation and also partly tested for reactivity to a panel of central and peripheral nervous system ...	1988	3266455
[rheumatologic manifestations of lyme disease].	the characteristics of 15 patients with lyme disease have been retrospectively reviewed; 12 patients had lymphocytic meningitis with mono or polyradiculitis including facial neuritis; 5 patients had mono or oligo-arthritis; 4 patients had inflammatory enthesopathy-like complaints which were the only expression of the disease in 2 of them. all the patients received antibiotic treatment. a dramatic clinical improvement was noted in all patients within four days. a rapid response to treatment seems ...	1988	3266722
lyme disease--the great imitator.		1988	3267980
immunoperoxidase slide test for detecting antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi.		1988	3275724
lyme disease and its neurologic complications.	lyme disease is recognized as a cause of illness involving multiple organ systems. the transmission of the borrelia burgdorferi spirochete depends on a complicated vector life cycle, involving multiple mammalian and avian hosts. although the illness is reported worldwide, variable clinical presentations on different continents raise questions about disease mechanisms. multiple neurologic syndromes can occur alone or in combination, producing peripheral neuropathies, radiculopathies, myelopathies ...	1988	3276302
role of immunoglobulin g in killing of borrelia burgdorferi by the classical complement pathway.	the antibody and complement requirements for killing of borrelia burgdorferi 297 by normal human serum (nhs) and nhs plus immunoglobulin g (igg) were examined. b. burgdorferi activated both the alternative and classical complement pathways in nhs. in nhs chelated with 10 mm ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-n,n,n',n'-tetraacetic acid plus 4 mm mgcl2 (mg-egta) to block classical pathway activation, consumption (activation) of total hemolytic complement, complement component 3 (c3), and c ...	1988	3276623
leads from the mmwr. lyme disease--connecticut.		1988	3276944
comparison of immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using different antigen preparations for diagnosing early lyme disease.	we compared immunoblotting and indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using different antigen preparations to test for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with early lyme disease. with immunoblotting, 16 (53%) of 30 patients had positive tests in acute-phase sera and 25 (83%) had them in convalescent-phase sera. among 64 controls, false-positive results were obtained in only three individuals with syphilis and in one hospitalized patient with renal allograft rejection. among ...	1988	3279140
spirochetes in mammals and ticks (acari: ixodidae) from a focus of lyme borreliosis in california.	in northern california, antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were detected in 58 of 73 (79%), and spirochetemias in one of 26 (4%) black-tailed jackrabbits (lepus californicus californicus), by indirect and direct immunofluorescence, respectively. five species of ticks (dermacentor occidentalis, d. parumapertus, ixodes neotomae, i. pacificus, and haemaphysalis leporispalustris) were collected from rabbits. two of these species of ticks were found to contain spirochetes; two of 10 (20%) i. neotomae ...	1988	3280837