Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| exposure to enteroviruses and hepatitis a virus among divers in environmental waters in france, first biological and serological survey of a controlled cohort. | an epidemiological study of hepatitis a and enteroviruses was conducted in a military diving training school, by evaluating the viral contamination of water using an ultrafiltration concentration technique, and assessing seroconversion and the presence of virus in stool specimens obtained from 109 divers and 48 controls. three of 29 water specimens were positive for enterovirus by cell culture and 9 by molecular hybridization. there was little or no risk of virus infection during the training co ... | 1994 | 7995363 |
| [seroepidemiologic survey of hepatitis a antibodies in the young adult spanish population. spanish study group on hepatitis a (1)]. | the aim of the present was to study the rate of exposure to the hepatitis a virus (hav) in the young adult spanish population. | 1994 | 7996891 |
| [the presence in pregnant women of the risk factor of serum antibodies against 9 viruses with significance in materno-infantile pathology and the transfer of these antibodies to the newborns]. | indirect enzyme immunoassay, performed with labsystems (helsinki) kits, in 30 mothers and their newborns, revealed that 100% of parturient women present igg antibody to hepatitis a (hav), herpes simplex 1, and measles viruses, constantly transferring these antibodies to their newborns. 78.6% of the women had igg to rubella (german measles) virus, passively transmitting them to their offsprings. serological markers (hbsag and anti-hbc) of hepatitis b virus infection were present in 42% of the inv ... | 1993 | 7997665 |
| [the use of a biotinated probe for the detection of the genomic rna of the hepatitis a virus in clinical specimens]. | a detection technique for hepatitis a virus (hav) rna by means of molecular hybridization using ss-biotinated dna probe on the basis of m13 bacteriophage is described. the technique sensitivity reached 1-10 pg of control dna or 100-500 pg of hav. the experiments for detection of hav carriers among the patients and contacts from foci of hav outbreaks were carried out. a comparative analysis of the above technique and enzyme immunoassay and amplification technique was done and good coincidence of ... | 1994 | 7998390 |
| prevalence of serum igg antibodies to hepatitis a virus in cambridge haemophiliacs. | 1994 | 8012496 | |
| in situ hybridization studies of hepatitis a viral rna in patients with acute hepatitis a. | in situ hybridization with oligonucleotide probes has been used to localise hepatitis a virus rna genomic sequences in formalin-fixed and routinely processed human liver biopsies from three patients. using radiolabelled sulphur-35 antisense probes, viral genomic sequences were found in all three cases, but signal intensity was greatest in cases 1 and 2 with fulminant hepatitis, and was minimal in the third case of resolving hepatitis biopsied 2 months after acute illness. localisation showed the ... | 1994 | 8014450 |
| [experience in verifying hepatitis e in ukraine]. | an outbreak of viral hepatitis b at a sugar refinery in the ukraine was verified by the detection of hbs antigens and igm antibodies to hepatitis a virus in the radioimmunoassay. cases of hepatitis e among workers, employed mainly in heat-treatment departments, appeared due to mass contamination of water mains with sewage water from the residential zone in the presence of a few cases of the disease. | 1994 | 8017130 |
| development of an rna/rna hybridization assay for the detection of the hav cf53 strain. | a quick and sensitive dot-blot assay using non-radioactive labelled rna probes was developed for the detection of the cf53 strain of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture. the cdna of the 5' end of the hm175 strain was inserted in a transcription vector pspt18 and was used to synthesize 32p- or digoxigenin-labelled rna probes. these rna probes specifically detected the rna of the cf53 strain and can be used to detect hav in plc/prf/5 cells. the sensitivity of non-radioactive tests was comparab ... | 1994 | 8023013 |
| hepatitis type e in a french population: detection of anti-hev by a synthetic peptide-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. | four synthetic peptides were used to develop an elisa for detecting hepatitis type e infections. antibodies to hev were detected in 54 of 64 patients present during two outbreaks previously recognized as being due to hepatitis e virus. those patients included french soldiers stationed in chad at the time, and algerian civilians residing in algeria and considered as positive controls. anti-hev were also detected in 3 out of 74 cases of sporadic non-a, non-b, non-c hepatitis in france, and in 2 ou ... | 1994 | 8023016 |
| persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies for hepatitis a virus. | 1994 | 8023557 | |
| [rapid method for detecting hepatitis a virus antigen in the water]. | 1993 | 8026790 | |
| in situ detection of hepatitis a virus in cell cultures and shellfish tissues. | an in situ transcription method was developed to detect hepatitis a virus rna in both cell cultures and shellfish tissues. radiolabeled cdna copies were synthesized in situ by reverse transcriptase-directed transcription after annealing with a specific primer to the viral rna. both tritium (3h) and 35s were useful in the in situ transcription reaction, but the use of 3h resulted in a lower background and finer detail in the localization of viral particles. application of the method to different ... | 1994 | 8031087 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in environmental samples by antigen-capture pcr. | the efficacy of the antigen-capture pcr (ac-pcr) method for the detection of hepatitis a virus (hav) in environmental samples was demonstrated. hav was captured from a seeded liquid waste or a shellfish sample with homologous antibody and then heat denatured and subjected to reverse transcription and the pcr, all in the same tube. subsequently, the ac-pcr products were analyzed by oligonucleotide probe hybridization in solution, agarose gel electrophoresis, and autoradiography. the ac-pcr detect ... | 1994 | 8031088 |
| in vivo transfection by hepatitis a virus synthetic rna. | marmosets injected intrahepatically with nucleic acids (cdna and rna transcripts) representing the full-length genome of the wild-type hm-175 strain of hepatitis a virus experienced acute hepatitis and seroconversion to hepatitis a virus capsid proteins. the hepatitis was comparable in severity to that caused by infection with the wild-type virus. the viral cdna and the hepatitis a virus recovered from the feces of an injected animal contained the same marker mutation. therefore, intermediate ce ... | 1994 | 8032252 |
| analysis of hepatitis a virus translation in a t7 polymerase-expressing cell line. | hepatitis a virus (hav) exhibits several characteristics which distinguish it from other picornaviruses, including slow growth in cell culture even after adaptation, and lack of host-cell protein synthesis shut-down. like other picornaviruses, hav contains a long 5' nontranslated region (ntr) incorporating an internal ribosomal entry site (ires), which directs cap-independent translation. we compared hav ires-initiated translation with translation initiated by the structurally similar encephalom ... | 1994 | 8032260 |
| a trial of the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | purified, formaldehyde-inactivated and alum-adjuvanted hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccines have recently become available for clinical trials. the vaccine is administered intramuscularly in a schedule of 0, 1, and 6 months. the aim of the study was to evaluate the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a (ha) vaccine. three groups of volunteers comprised the study population: 28 volunteers without antibody to hav were given ha vaccine and, for comparison, 43 subjects received ... | 1994 | 8034508 |
| low efficiency of the 5' nontranslated region of hepatitis a virus rna in directing cap-independent translation in permissive monkey kidney cells. | to characterize in vivo the translational control elements present in the 5' nontranslated region (5'ntr) of hepatitis a virus (hav) rna, we created an hav-permissive monkey kidney cell line (bt7-h) that stably expresses t7 rna polymerase and carries out cytoplasmic transcription of uncapped rna from transfected dna containing the t7 promoter. the presence of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) within the 5'ntr of hav was confirmed by using bt7-h cells transcribing bicistronic rnas in which ... | 1994 | 8035522 |
| falling incidence and prevalence of hepatitis a in northern spain. | the prevalence of hepatitis a virus antibodies was studied using a commercial elisa method. 2,214 subjects were included, 1,211 in 1992 and 1,003 during 1986-87. in 1992 the seroprevalence rates among subjects 1-9, 10-19, 20-29 and 30-39 years old were 2.4%, 21%, 57.6% and 87.5% respectively, as compared with 7.7%, 37.9%, 80.6% and 98.1% respectively, in a similar group of subjects studied 5 years earlier (p < or = 0.001). the reported number viral hepatitis cases declined from 35.0 per 100,000 ... | 1994 | 8036467 |
| rolling review--the pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of viral hepatitis. | five major hepatotrophic viruses have been identified. the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of chronic viral hepatitis continues to be intensely researched. experimental evidence suggests that hla restricted virus-specific t cells play a role in hepatocellular injury in type a hepatitis. the absence of chronic infection indicates the effectiveness of the host immune response to hepatitis a virus (hav). it is postulated that hav may rarely trigger an autoimmune chronic hepatitis. active prop ... | 1994 | 8038356 |
| [evaluation of immunogenicity and safety in healthy adults of an inactivated anti-hepatitis a vaccine]. | the evaluation of the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against the hepatitis a virus (hav) in healthy adults was performed. | 1994 | 8041214 |
| acute sporadic hepatitis e in kuwait. | fifty-seven adult patients with acute hepatitis and 34 comparison patients without liver disease were evaluated using a newly developed western blot assay for igm antibody to hepatitis e virus. the mean age of patients with hepatitis was 32 years (range, 18-55 years); 88% were male. among patients with acute hepatitis, hepatitis a (anti-hav igm positive) was diagnosed in two (4%), hepatitis b (anti-hbc igm positive) in three (5%), and hepatitis e (anti-hev igm positive) in 34 (60%). one hepatiti ... | 1994 | 8046431 |
| rapid and efficient purification of hepatitis a virus from cell culture. | hepatitis a virus (hav) characteristically remains strongly cell-associated when grown in culture, with only small yields in the culture supernatant. cell factories (6000 cm2) of bs-c-1 cells infected with the cytopathic hm175a.z strain of hav for 3, 4 or 7 days were harvested using trypsin to disperse the infected cell monolayer, and cells were collected by low speed centrifugation. more than 70% of the yield of virus and viral antigen can thus be obtained in the packed cell pellet. packed cell ... | 1994 | 8051227 |
| infectivity titration of the fast-replicating and cytopathic hepatitis a virus strain hm175a.2 by an in situ enzyme immunoassay. | a simple, rapid and objective infectivity assay based on an in situ enzyme immunoassay (eia) was developed for the fast-growing and cytopathic cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hav) strain hm175a.2. infectivity titration by eia correlated well with titration by cytopathic effects. the reliability of this assay was demonstrated by close agreement in virus infectivity titers among different assays of the same virus aliquot and between assays of different virus aliquots. hav infected cell cul ... | 1994 | 8051228 |
| threat of hepatitis e virus infection in somalia during operation restore hope. | in support of operation restore hope, the united states military established a diagnostic laboratory for infectious diseases, the joint forward laboratory, in mogadishu, somalia. because sporadic hepatitis due to unknown causes was a frequent problem, staff members of the joint forward laboratory evaluated 31 somalis, five displaced ethiopians, and three western relief workers who had acute clinical hepatitis. patients lived in multiple locations in somalia--mogadishu, baidoa, and merca--and bec ... | 1994 | 8054416 |
| immune response after hepatitis a vaccination in haemodialysis patients: comparison with hepatitis b vaccination. | this study evaluates the immune response of 20 haemodialysis (hd) patients vaccinated with hepatitis a (ha) vaccine and eight patients vaccinated with hepatitis b (hb) vaccine. twenty patients and 22 healthy adults were immunized three times (months 0, 1 and 6) intramuscularly with a 0.5 microgram dose. all members of both groups were positive for the antibody to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) after three vaccinations. the geometric mean titres at 7 months were similar in both groups. no serious s ... | 1994 | 8054520 |
| large deletion mutations involving the first pyrimidine-rich tract of the 5' nontranslated rna of human hepatitis a virus define two adjacent domains associated with distinct replication phenotypes. | the 5' nontranslated rna (5'ntr) of the hm175 strain of human hepatitis a virus contains several pyrimidine-rich regions, the largest and most 5' of which (py1) is an almost pure polypyrimidine tract located between nucleotides (nt) 99 and 138, which includes five tandem repeats of the sequence motif (u)uucc(c). previous modeling of the rna secondary structure suggested that this region was likely to be single-stranded, but repetitive rnase v1 cleavage sites within these (u)uucc(c) motifs indica ... | 1994 | 8057438 |
| susceptibility of nonprimate cell lines to hepatitis a virus infection. | hepatitis a virus (hav) has been adapted to grow in primate cell cultures. we investigated replication of hav in nonprimate cells by inoculating 20 cell lines from different species with the tissue culture-adapted hm175 strain. slot blot hybridization and immunofluorescence analysis revealed that hav replicated in gpe, sp 1k, and ib-rs-2 d10 cells of guinea pig, dolphin, and pig origin, respectively. studies in ib-rs-2 d10 cells were discontinued because cultures were contaminated with classical ... | 1994 | 8057483 |
| prior hepatitis a virus infection enhances acute hepatitis e virus infection. | the epidemiology and clinical manifestations of hepatitis e virus (hev) and hepatitis a virus (hav) are similar. however, two distinct diseases develop after exposure to each one of the viruses, which are apparently unrelated clinically. it is interesting to note that all reported epidemics and single cases of acute hev infection indicate previous exposure to hav. this fact leads us to hypothesize that acute hev infection is dependent on past infection by hepatitis a virus, and that the sequenti ... | 1994 | 8057977 |
| [the epidemiological diagnosis of "fecal-oral" hepatitis e in tajikistan]. | on the basis of the results of the retrospective epidemiological analysis of hepatitis a morbidity for many years in the leninabad (now hojend) region of tajikistan the possibility of the epidemiological diagnosis of fecal-oral hepatitis non a, non b, also known as hepatitis e, was confirmed. analysis of the specific features of a sharp morbidity rise in hepatitis a in this region in 1986-1987 made it possible to establish that this rise was caused by hepatitis e. this was testified by the explo ... | 1993 | 8059575 |
| prevalence of hepatitis a virus infection among sewage workers in singapore. | to determine whether or not occupational exposure to sewage is associated with a higher seroprevalence of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection, 600 sewage workers in singapore were tested for total (igg and igm) antibody to hav by enzyme immunoassay. using logistic regression with stepwise procedure, the adjusted seroprevalence of sewage workers was 2.2 times higher than that of another non-occupationally exposed population group. seroprevalence was significantly correlated with age and educational ... | 1994 | 8062868 |
| cultivation of buffalo green monkey kidney cells persistently infected with hepatitis a virus. | studies were carried out to determine the effect of prolongation of incubation periods, cocultivation with normal buffalo green monkey kidney (bgmk) cells and different concentrations of foetal calf serum (fcs) on the production of hepatitis a virus (hav) by bgmk cell line persistently infected with hav strain hm175. hav could be detected from week 1 onwards. however, maintenance of cultures beyond this period was found to yield substantially higher quantities of virus. cocultivation of persiste ... | 1994 | 8063346 |
| [the clinical picture, course and outcome of viral hepatitis a in children with chronic hbv infection]. | the clinical picture, course and outcomes of hepatitis a developing as a superinfection in children with chronic hepatitis b virus (hbv) infection, hospitalized in connection with acute viral hepatitis, were determined on the basis of the dynamic clinico-laboratory investigation and identification of viral hepatitides a, b and delta by the method of enzyme immunoassay. in all children hepatitis b virus surface antigen (hbsag), i.e. the serological sign of hbv infection, and anti-hav igg, the ser ... | 1993 | 8067100 |
| [a system for the mass combined vaccination of the adult population against influenza, viral hepatitis, typhoid, meningitis and diphtheria]. | a safe, moderately reactogenic and immunologically effective scheme of complex (combined) immunization against meningitis a, diphtheria, typhoid fever, viral hepatitis a and influenza has been developed as the result of experimental and clinico-immunological studies. depending on the epidemiological situation, the newly developed scheme can be used in two variants. according to the first variant of this scheme, the following preparations are injected subcutaneously into three different sites: a ... | 1993 | 8067144 |
| intrafamilial clustering of hepatitis a. | the intrafamilial clustering of hepatitis a virus infections (hav) in families with an index case of sporadic hepatitis a was studied. four hundred and three family members (84.3%) of 113 children with acute hepatitis a admitted to the paediatric department of the west attica hospital were included in the study. epidemiological data and serum samples were collected within 1 week after the patient's admittance to the hospital. enzyme-immunoassays were used to detect recent or past hav infections. ... | 1994 | 8070937 |
| etiology of acute sporadic hepatitis in spain: the role of hepatitis c and e viruses. | the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis viruses and analyze the epidemiological features in acute hepatitis in spain. consecutive serum samples from 341 patients with acute hepatitis were tested for igm anti-hepatitis a virus, igm anti-hepatitis b core antigen and hbsag. the antibody to hepatitis c virus was determined using a second-generation enzyme immunoassay. in selected cases, serum was tested for antibodies for hepatitis e virus by enzyme immunoassay and hepatit ... | 1994 | 8071533 |
| [a case of sporadic acute type a hepatitis associated with acute renal failure]. | we report a case of sporadic acute type a hepatitis associated with acute renal failure, due to mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis and interstitial nephritis. a 42 year-old-man was admitted to mitsui memorial hospital because of jaundice and oliguria with fever in february, 1989. his serum creatinine was 12.2 mg/dl, bun 87 mg/dl, got 57 u/l and gpt 358 u/l. the serum igm antibody to hepatitis a virus was positive, which indicated recent infection with hepatitis a virus. hemodialysis and st ... | 1994 | 8072227 |
| [the isolation and study of the characteristics of a cytopathic strain of the hepatitis a virus]. | a fast-growing cytopathic isolate of human hepatitis a virus (strain mb-7) was derived from fecal samples of infected patients and adapted to growth in frhk-4 cell culture. a positive serum standard against hav and electron microscopy were used to demonstrate that mb-7 belonged to human hepatitis a virus. the strain mb-7 induced plaque formation in frhk-4 under agar overlay after 10-12 days of incubation. the pcr products of gene vp1 were cloned in e. coli and its primary structure was determine ... | 1993 | 8073747 |
| disinfection of human enteric viruses in water by copper and silver in combination with low levels of chlorine. | the efficacy of copper and silver ions, in combination with low levels of free chlorine (fc), was evaluated for the disinfection of hepatitis a virus (hav), human rotavirus (hrv), human adenovirus, and poliovirus (pv) in water. hav and hrv showed little inactivation in all conditions. pv showed more than a 4 log10 titer reduction in the presence of copper and silver combined with 0.5 mg of fc per liter or in the presence of 1 mg of fc per liter alone. human adenovirus persisted longer than pv wi ... | 1994 | 8074518 |
| detection of poliovirus, hepatitis a virus, and rotavirus from sewage and ocean water by triplex reverse transcriptase pcr. | a triplex reverse transcriptase pcr (rt-pcr) was developed to simultaneously detect poliovirus, hepatitis a virus (hav), and rotavirus in sewage and ocean water. sewage and ocean water samples seeded with the three different viruses were concentrated by ultrafiltration. the unseeded ocean water and sewage samples were concentrated by vortex flow filtration and/or ultrafiltration. random hexamers and a rotavirus downstream primer were used to initiate reverse transcription. three different sets o ... | 1994 | 8074520 |
| age-related prevalence of helicobacter pylori antibodies in indian subjects. | to determine the age-related prevalence of helicobacter pylori antibodies in indian subjects without upper gastrointestinal symptoms. | 1994 | 8076989 |
| hepatitis a and evidence against the community dissemination of helicobacter pylori via feces. | seroprevalence data from 1501 subjects was used to test the hypothesis that helicobacter pylori may be transmitted by the fecal-oral route. antibody to hepatitis a virus was used as a marker of fecal-oral exposure. of the 1501 subjects, 35.5% were seropositive for both h. pylori and hepatitis a, 19.1% were seronegative for both, 36.5% were seropositive for hepatitis a only, and 8.8% were seropositive for h. pylori only. cross-sectional data from rural areas supported an association between hepat ... | 1994 | 8077729 |
| epidemiology and prevention of hepatitis a in travelers. | to assess the risk of hepatitis a in international travelers and to recommend preventive measures. | 1994 | 8078167 |
| immunohistochemical detection of cytokines in tissues of aotus monkeys infected with hepatitis a virus. | cytokines il-1-beta, il-2, and tnf alpha were detected in occasional cells within portal inflammatory infiltrates beginning 3 weeks after oral inoculation of monkeys with hav. the number of cells secreting those cytokines did not increase, and they were not of importance in the pathogenesis. production of cytokines il-6 and il-4 by t lymphocytes infiltrating portal areas started 4 weeks after inoculation, stimulating local expansion of b cells, probably secreting antibodies to hav. il-6 and il-4 ... | 1994 | 8080199 |
| removal/neutralization of hepatitis a virus during manufacture of high purity, solvent/detergent factor viii concentrate. | recent reports have suggested an increased risk of type a viral hepatitis in hemophilic patients treated with high purity factor viii concentrates prepared using ion exchange chromatography coupled with solvent/detergent treatment for inactivation of viruses. to determine the capacity for removal or inactivation of hepatitis a virus during the factor viii manufacturing process, human plasma and various factor viii production intermediates were spiked with cell culture-propagated virus and subjec ... | 1994 | 8083647 |
| [experimental models of hepatitis a in macaques using viral strains isolated from man and monkeys]. | experimental hepatitis a (ha) models were obtained in macaca monkeys (15 m. fascicularis and 4 m. mulatta) by means of the strains of hepatitis a virus (hav) isolated from the feces of a patient (hav-h) and of spontaneously infected m. mulatta (hav-mm) and green monkeys cercopithecus aethiops (hav-ca). irrespective of the strains used all seronegative macaca monkeys developed ha after intravenous-oral inoculation with the following patterns: elevation of the serum alanine aminotransferase level, ... | 1994 | 8087252 |
| indigenous anti-hepatitis a virus igm capture elisa for the diagnosis of hepatitis a. | anti-hepatitis a virus igm capture elisa was developed by using the reagents produced in the niv laboratory. the major reagents of the assay were anti-human igm antibody, hepatitis a virus (hav) and anti-hav igg-horse radish peroxidase (hrp) conjugate. of these, anti-human igm antibodies were generated in rabbit against igm secreted by human hybridoma clone(g3). hav was derived from buffalo green money kidney cell line infected with hm-175 strain. virus purified from the cell lysates was used fo ... | 1994 | 8088883 |
| should aboriginals in the "top end" of the northern territory be vaccinated against hepatitis a? | to determine the level of immunity to hepatitis a virus infection in rural australian aboriginal populations in the "top end" of the northern territory. | 1994 | 8090115 |
| mutational events in consecutive passages of hepatitis a virus strain gbm during cell culture adaptation. | in order to study the adaptation of hepatitis a virus (hav) in cell culture, we examined the mutational events of the genome in early passages of hav strain gbm propagated either in frhk-4 cells (fetal rhesus monkey kidney-derived) or in human embryonic kidney (hek) and human embryonic fibroblast cells (hfs) in relation to their growth characteristics. sequence analysis of the nucleotide region encoding 2b, 2c, and the beginning of 3a as well as the nucleotide region encompassing the 5' noncodin ... | 1994 | 8091685 |
| hepatitis a virus transmission by blood products in the united states. transfusion safety study group. | to address the question of hav prevalence and seroconversion in relation to clotting factor concentrates, we assayed an early serum for 339 hemophiliacs followed every 6 months by the transfusion safety study in the period from mid-1985 until mid-1992. we found 58.4% positive around entry, with an age-specific prevalence that did not vary with age. in comparison to rates for anti-hiv-negative blood donors, they were significantly higher. based on testing of subsequent sera, 11 hemophiliacs (7.8% ... | 1994 | 8091731 |
| hepatitis a virus transmission in brazilian hemophiliacs. | 1994 | 8091732 | |
| hepatitis a virus infection among the hemophilia population at the bonn hemophilia center. | following a publication on the sudden outbreak of hepatitis a (hav) infections in italian hemophiliacs after treatment with a solvent detergent (s/d) virus-inactivated factor viii concentrate, we retrospectively examined our patients for hav seroconversions and clinical symptoms of an acute hav infection at our center. we found that between 1988 and 1992, 17 hemophilia a patients displayed hav igg seroconversions. of these patients, 13 also had an hav igm seroconversion and 10 exhibited clinical ... | 1994 | 8091733 |
| sequence variability of hepatitis a virus and factor viii associated hepatitis a infections in hemophilia patients in europe. an update. | outbreaks and sporadic cases of hepatitis a have been observed in 4 european countries in hemophilia patients receiving factor viii preparations. pcr amplification of potential hepatitis a virus (hav) nucleic acid present in plasma pools, purified factor viii and acute-phase sera from infected individuals has been performed and the nucleic acid sequence determined for those samples that resulted in a positive pcr product. hav sequences were detected in the serum of 2 german patients, but not in ... | 1994 | 8091736 |
| failure to detect hepatitis a virus rna in factor viii concentrates using the polymerase chain reaction. results of a preliminary study. | the transmission of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection to recipients of some batches of factor viii has recently been reported. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used for the detection of hav rna in factor viii concentrates. primer sequences used were derived from a consensus of published sequences in the 5' non coding region; a nested pcr was used to increase sensitivity and specificity and the resulting fragment was 151 base pairs in length. the pcr was initially validated in clinical sam ... | 1994 | 8091737 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in a factor viii preparation by antigen capture/pcr. | the antigen capture/pcr (ac/pcr) has been applied in the analysis of various factor viii preparations, which were suspected to be contaminated with hepatitis a virus (hav). ac/pcr involves capturing the antigen, i.e. the intact virus particles, by binding to the hav monoclonal antibody mab 7e7, reverse transcription of the viral rna and amplification of the cdna with hav-specific primer pairs. the pcr analysis of one factor viii concentrate yielded an hav-specific dna product, which could be con ... | 1994 | 8091739 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus by pasteurization and elimination of picornaviruses during manufacture of factor viii concentrate. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infections have been reported among hemophiliacs who received factor viii concentrates which had been purified by ion-exchange chromatography and treated by the solvent detergent (sd) method. since the virus inactivation procedure of our manufacturing process is heat treatment of the stabilized, aqueous protein solution at 60 degrees c for 10 h (pasteurization), we investigated whether this method inactivated picornaviruses such as hav and poliovirus type 1, which we rout ... | 1994 | 8091740 |
| removal and inactivation of hepatitis a virus (hav) during processing of factor viii concentrates. | although hepatitis a virus (hav) transmission by single donor blood products is a rare event, recent reports have raised concerns about the potential for hav transmission by pooled plasma products. in this study the removal and inactivation of hav during production of a factor viii concentrate, which included solvent-detergent treatment and anion-exchange chromatography steps, was assessed at 5 distinct stages of production using infectivity and, in some cases, isotopic assays. the results of th ... | 1994 | 8091742 |
| hepatitis a virus pcr analysis of clotting factor concentrates and elimination of non-enveloped viruses in their manufacture. | 1994 | 8091743 | |
| hepatitis a in french hemophiliacs. | the prevalence of serum antibodies to hepatitis a virus (hav) in 793 hemophilia a (ha) and 89 hemophilia b (hb) patients coming from 10 french hemophilia centers and treated since 1986-1987 with solvent/detergent (sd)-treated products is reported. the results indicated seropositivity to hav of 29.9% in ha and 40.4% in hb patients. there was no difference among the patients according to severity of the disease, hiv serology or administration of factor viii during the last 12 months. seropositivit ... | 1994 | 8091745 |
| passive antibody to hepatitis a virus in us haemophiliacs. | 1993 | 8094802 | |
| solvent/detergent-treated clotting factors and hepatitis a virus seroconversion. | 1993 | 8096316 | |
| attenuation phenotype of a cell culture-adapted variant of hepatitis a virus (hm175/p16) in susceptible new world owl monkeys. | the virulence of a clonally isolated, cell culture-adapted hepatitis a virus (hm175/p16) was assessed in 4 seronegative owl monkeys inoculated intravenously with 2.8 x 10(4) radioimmunofocus-forming units of virus. the virus was highly attenuated, even though its complete nucleotide sequence contains only 19 mutations from the wild-type genome. only 3 monkeys developed antibodies to hepatitis a virus (only 2 within 96 days of virus inoculation). one monkey had viremia and significantly elevated ... | 1993 | 8102629 |
| temporary auxiliary liver transplantation for subacute liver failure in a child. | a 4-year-old boy with subacute liver failure due to hepatitis a virus underwent temporary auxiliary liver transplantation. the graft, an adult reduced liver, was implanted othotopically after a left hepatectomy had been carried out on the recipient's liver. good liver function was immediately restored. the remaining native liver, which was 90% necrotic at the time of transplantation, regained normal histological features within 3 months. the auxiliary graft was then removed and immunosuppressive ... | 1993 | 8103878 |
| intercellular adhesion molecule-1 concentration in sera of patients with acute and chronic liver disease: relationship to disease activity and cirrhosis. | to study the influence of chronic hepatitis on intercellular adhesion molecule-1 serum concentration, we measured intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in the serum of 84 patients with chronic liver disease (17 chronic persistent hepatitis, 42 chronic active hepatitis and 25 active cirrhosis) caused by hepatitis b virus (n = 46), hepatitis c virus (n = 10) and autoimmunity (n = 28). furthermore, 20 patients with acute viral hepatitis (16 hepatitis b virus and 4 hepatitis a virus) and 6 patients with ... | 1993 | 8104856 |
| safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of a formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine (vaqta) in rural kentucky children. | this study evaluated the immunogenicity and safety/tolerability profile of an investigational formalin-inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine (vaqta; merck research laboratories) in 150 seronegative healthy children, 4 to 12 years old. the vaccine was derived from virus grown in infected mrc-5 cells in either roller bottles or nunc cell factories (nunc, denmark). subjects were vaccinated intramuscularly in a two dose regimen initially and at 24 weeks: group a (n = 50) with a 12-unit dose from a r ... | 1993 | 8108223 |
| problem hepatitis viruses: the mutants. | genetic variations in the known human hepatitis viruses are probably the result (a) of high viral replication rates and poor or absent proofreading ability intrinsic to rna viruses (hav, hcv, hdv, hev) and (b) to a dna virus (hbv) that uses a reverse-transcription mechanism for genomic replication. nucleotide substitutions, deletions, duplications, insertions, and rearrangements resulting in amino acid changes may have no consequences, may impair replication, change host susceptibility, or may l ... | 1994 | 8109589 |
| competitor template rna for detection and quantitation of hepatitis a virus by pcr. | pcr was used to introduce a 63-bp deletion into the putative rna replicase coding sequence of hepatitis a virus. rna was synthesized in vitro from the deletion mutant cloned into a transcription vector. upon amplification by pcr, cdna made from the competitor rna generated an amplified fragment that could be easily distinguished from the product generated from wild-type hepatitis a virus genomic rna by gel electrophoresis, when the same primers were used, without further manipulation. the compet ... | 1994 | 8136124 |
| [the seroepidemiology of the hepatitis a virus in children and adolescents]. | to know the prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) in a population of children and teenagers pertaining to three municipalities of the autonomous community of madrid (cam). | 1994 | 8136445 |
| studies on mechanism of action of glycyrrhizin against hepatitis a virus replication in vitro. | glycyrrhizin (gl) achieved a concentration-dependent inhibition of the replication of hepatitis a virus (hav) in plc/prf/5 cells. gl has been shown to inhibit an early stage of the hav replication. gl was not virucidal and had no measurable effect on the adsorption of [3h]uridine-labelled virions to cells. gl inhibited hav penetration of the plasma membrane as measured by the amount of infective virus no longer neutralizable by specific antibody over time. | 1994 | 8141593 |
| hepatitis viruses: changing patterns of human disease. | viral hepatitis is a disease of antiquity, but evidence for more than one etiologic agent has been recognized only since the 1940s, when two viruses (hepatitis a virus and hepatitis b virus) were thought to account for all disease. in the past 20 years, three additional hepatitis agents (hepatitis c virus, hepatitis d virus, and hepatitis e virus) have been discovered, and there is evidence for at least one additional virus. each of the five recognized hepatitis viruses belongs to a different vi ... | 1994 | 8146130 |
| a solvent i detergent treated, pasteurised and highly purified factor viii concentrate. | in an assessment of the risks of virus transmission by clotting concentrates it is clear that the currently practised procedures for virus inactivation are not equally effective against all types of viruses; neither a pasteurisation nor the solvent detergent (sid) process alone are adequate enough to inactivate viruses that are strongly resistant to heat and organic solvents. in this context, human parvovirus b19 and hepatitis a virus (hav) are of particular concern. in order to improve this sit ... | 1994 | 8147954 |
| the binding of hepatitis a virus to cell surfaces shows evidence of positive co-operativity. | radio-iodinated hepatitis a virus binds to cultured mammalian cells in a saturable manner, with about 1.4 x 10(3) sites/cell and a s0.5 of about 1.4 x 10(-11) m for frhk-4 cells. this binding to frhk-4 cells shows evidence of positive co-operativity, with a hill coefficient of 2.1 (+/- 0.1). this implies that the cellular receptor for the virus may have multiple binding sites and that the affinity of hav for its receptor is increased if one of the binding sites is occupied by virus. binding is c ... | 1994 | 8150262 |
| protection against hepatitis a by an inactivated vaccine. | to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | 1994 | 8158817 |
| [effect of various chlorine doses on inactivation of hepatitis a virus in water]. | bound chlorine in doses 0.8-1.2 mg/l does not inactivate viruses in water. chlorine can be active against hepatitis a viruses in concentration not less than 4.2 mg/l with the virion content in water 10(5)/ml and at least 20 min exposure. | 1993 | 8163222 |
| picornaviral 3c cysteine proteinases have a fold similar to chymotrypsin-like serine proteinases. | the picornavirus family includes several pathogens such as poliovirus, rhinovirus (the major cause of the common cold), hepatitis a virus and the foot-and-mouth disease virus. picornaviral proteins are expressed by direct translation of the genomic rna into a single, large polyprotein precursor. proteolysis of the viral polyprotein into the mature proteins is assured by the viral 3c enzymes, which are cysteine proteinases. here we report the x-ray crystal structure at 2.3 a resolution of the 3c ... | 1994 | 8164744 |
| safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: effect of dose and vaccination schedule. | the safety and immunogenicity of three doses (360 elisa units [eu], 720 eu, and 1440 eu) and four immunization schedules (0, 1, and 2; 0, 1, and 6; 0, 1, and 12; 0, 2, and 4 months) of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine were investigated in 80 healthy adult volunteers. adverse effects were mild and comparable to those in a control group given hepatitis b vaccine. antibody levels presumed to be protective (> or = 20 miu/ml) were achieved after one injection in 90% of vaccinees given 360 and 720 e ... | 1994 | 8169430 |
| infectious diseases. | 1994 | 8170896 | |
| inactivation of hiv, hbv, hcv related viruses and other viruses in human plasma derivatives by pasteurisation. | laboratory studies were made to verify the capacity and efficacy of the pasteurisation step (heat treatment at 60 degrees c for 10 hours in stabilized aqueous solution) in inactivating various pathogenic viruses (e.g. hiv, hbv, hcv related viruses, hav, hsv, poliovirus). these experiments proved that pasteurisation effectively inactivates a broad spectrum of viruses with a range of different physicochemical properties. the results, summarized in inactivation kinetics, demonstrate that complete i ... | 1993 | 8174799 |
| incidence of hepatitis a virus infection among an italian military population. | in 1990, a prospective serological survey to estimate the rate of clinical and inapparent infection with hepatitis a virus (hav) was performed in a cohort of 1,268 soldiers, 18-24 years old, during an 8 month period in the campania region in italy. at the time of enrollment 318 (25%) of the 1,268 soldiers were positive for total antibodies to hav (anti-hav). none of them was positive for igm anti-hav. among the 950 susceptible subjects who were followed up for 8 months, eight (0.8%) later seroco ... | 1994 | 8181843 |
| hepatitis a in western austria--the epidemiological situation before the introduction of active immunisation. | several european countries report a decreasing prevalence of antibodies to hepatitis a virus (anti-hav). this trend is most pronounced in the youngest age groups. in 1979, however, 58% of young austrians aged 20 to 30 years were shown to possess anti-hav. here we describe the current epidemiological situation in western austria. prevalence of anti-hav has decreased to 7% in those 18 to 30 years old. this percentage rises to 20% (31 to 40 years of age) and 57% (41 to 50 years of age) and is highe ... | 1994 | 8181844 |
| worldwide epidemiology of hepatitis a virus infection. | patterns of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection and clinical disease differ worldwide, and correlate with socioeconomic conditions (and hygienic and sanitary conditions) of each geographic area. in least developed countries with very poor sanitary and hygienic conditions, hav spreads readily, and most persons are infected as young children. because most persons become infected at an age when hav infection is often asymptomatic, reported disease rates in these areas are low and outbreaks of disease ... | 1993 | 8182265 |
| immunologic approaches to assessing the response to inactivated hepatitis a vaccine. | natural immunity to hepatitis a virus (hav) is complex and likely to involve several distinct arms of the immune system. there is evidence that natural killer cells, human leukocyte antigen (hla)-restricted cytotoxic t cells, and antibody-secreting cells of b-cell lineage all play roles in the immune response to infection with hav. however, antibody alone is sufficient to provide a high level of protection against clinical disease. a comparison of the serum levels of antibody to hav (anti-hav) f ... | 1993 | 8182266 |
| safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of an inactivated hepatitis a vaccine: effects of single and booster injections, and comparison to administration of immune globulin. | hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in adults is often symptomatic and disabling. the present article summarizes our experience with phase 2 studies of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine. pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis with immune globulin (ig) is only effective for 4-6 months. we compared the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a single i.m. injection of ig with single and booster doses of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine (ihav) in adults. a total of 75 healthy volunteer ... | 1993 | 8182270 |
| dose response study of an inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine. | in this dose-response study evaluating 3 different doses and 2 time schedules, the highest dose, 25 units of viral protein antigen, induced a seroconversion antibody response against hepatitis a virus (anti-hav) over 10 miu in all vaccinees by week 3 after one dose, indicating rapid onset of protective antibody levels. following the second dose, given 4 weeks later, rising titers were observed for 20 weeks, when the third and final dose of 25 units was given. the gmt of anti-hav at 24 weeks (bef ... | 1993 | 8182272 |
| hepatitis and hepatitis a vaccine: a glimpse of history. | human hepatitis has been recognized since the dawn of recorded history, but proof of infectious etiology and delineation of hepatitis a (infectious hepatitis) from hepatitis b (serum hepatitis) were not established until the first half of the present century. development of the present killed hepatitis a vaccine depended on a series of breakthrough discoveries made during the last 25 years. these were marmoset propagation (1967); definition of virus attributes (1974-1975); development of diagnos ... | 1993 | 8182274 |
| worldwide experience with the cr326f-derived inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccine in pediatric and adult populations: an overview. | the worldwide experience to date with vaqta, a highly purified formalin-inactivated hepatitis a vaccine containing alum-adjuvant, is reviewed. no serious adverse experience related to vaccination has been reported. the vaccine has proven highly immunogenic, with seroconversion detectable after a single dose in 90-99% of children 2-16 years old, and of adults under 77 kg (170 lb) body weight. there is a trend toward lower one-dose seroconversion rates with increasing age and with weight > 77 kg. ... | 1993 | 8182275 |
| considerations for the development of recommendations for the use of hepatitis a vaccine. | the prevention of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection should be greatly facilitated with the expected licensure of inactivated hepatitis a vaccines. in countries with a low endemicity of infection a number of high risk groups have been identified in which hav infection occurs, and include both children and adults. in most other countries hav infection occurs primarily in children. thus, selective immunization of high-risk adults or children would not be expected to lower the overall rates of infec ... | 1993 | 8182276 |
| control of hepatitis a by inactivated vaccines: unanswered questions and unresolved issues. | the recent development of safe and effective inactivated hepatitis a virus vaccines provides for the first time the opportunity to control hepatitis a. however, control will depend upon the intelligent use of the vaccines. how and when hepatitis a vaccines should be used will be determined from the results of studies of the levels and duration of protective antibody, determination of optimum immunization schedules, estimations of the continuing need for normal immune globulin and discussions of ... | 1993 | 8182277 |
| a viral dsrna element of the chestnut blight fungus with a distinct genetic organization. | we have sequenced overlapping complementary dna clones representing the viral double-stranded (ds) rna from hypovirulent strain nb58 of the chestnut blight fungus cryphonectria parasitica. cryphonectria hypovirus 2-nb58 (chv2-nb58) dsrna contains 12,507 base pairs, excluding the poly(a) tail at the 3' end of the plus strand, and is organizationally similar to the largest dsrna from the virus of strain ep713 (chv1-713; identical to hav; shapira et al., (1991), embo j. 10, 731-739). chv2-nb58 and ... | 1994 | 8184535 |
| viral diseases in ethiopia: a review. | ethiopia is endemic for many viral diseases. serosurveys have demonstrated the high prevalence rate of hepatitis b virus. there are also indications of high transmission for hepatitis c, hepatitis e and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv). the population is exposed to poliomyelitis, hepatitis a, measles, rubella and mumps early in life. rotaviral diarrhoea is an important cause of infant morbidity and mortality. vast areas of the country are endemic for yellow fever and rabies. the extent of many ... | 1993 | 8187657 |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in clinical and environmental samples by immunomagnetic separation and pcr. | magnetic beads coated with antibodies against surface epitopes of the hepatitis a virus (hav) captured efficiently viral particles from various types of samples. contaminating substances, including particulate material, were removed by using a magnet to retain the beads during the washing procedure. a sensitive reverse transcriptase/nested polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) was developed to confirm the presence of viral particles on the beads. the above technique was shown to be useful for the d ... | 1994 | 8188812 |
| sero-epidemiology of hepatitis a in black south african children. | a community-based sero-epidemiological survey was undertaken to determine the age-specific prevalence rates of hepatitis a virus (hav) infection in a representative sample of 782 urban black children aged from newborn to 13 years. among children aged 0-5 months, the prevalence of anti-hav was 68.8% (95% confidence interval (ci) 60.6-77.0%); this fell to a low of 2.5% (ci 0.1-4.9%) in those aged 6-11 months, implying the presence of maternal antibody in the first few months of life. by the age of ... | 1993 | 8191332 |
| [severe acute hepatitis caused by hepatitis a virus]. | 1994 | 8208004 | |
| simple and reliable salivary tests for hiv and hepatitis a and b virus diagnosis and surveillance. | 1993 | 8215057 | |
| detection of hepatitis a virus in mercenaria mercenaria by coupled reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction. | hepatitis a virus (hav) is a major cause of infectious hepatitis in humans. in this respect, bivalve mollusks pose a major health concern because they are filter feeders and can concentrate the virus up to 900-fold from contaminated water. detection of hav has been hampered because wild-type hav grows poorly if at all in cell culture. here we describe a technique for the detection of hav in shellfish based on reverse transcription coupled with the polymerase chain reaction. rna is isolated from ... | 1993 | 8215351 |
| efficacy of different doses of immune serum globulin in the prevention of hepatitis a: a three-year prospective study. | previous studies have shown that the administration of immune serum globulin (isg) before exposure to hepatitis a virus prevents infection. the precise dose needed and the duration of the protection conferred are unclear, however. in this study, isg doses of 2 ml and 5 ml were used for preexposure prophylaxis, and their efficacies in reducing the attack rate of hepatitis a among israel defence forces troops serving in field units were compared. the attack rate during the first 4 months of follow ... | 1993 | 8218682 |
| [synthetic oligopeptide of hepatitis d virus antigen and its clinical application]. | a 27-peptide fragment derived from natural hdag sequence was selected, identified and synthesized. it was used to develop an eia method for detection of anti-hd. the 27-peptide possessed the similar antigenicity with the corresponding fragment of natural hdag, and could also compete with natural hdag for serum anti-hd. high specificity and no cross-reaction were found among the peptide and normal human sera, normal mice sera and sera positive with hav, hbv or hcv antibody alone. 36 serum samples ... | 1993 | 8221244 |
| safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated hepatitis a virus vaccine (h2 strain) in humans. | a study was made in neijiang city, sichuan province to observe the safety and immunogenicity of a live attenuated hepatitis a virus (hav) vaccine (h2 strain). 3,031 children, aged 6 to 9 years, were injected subcutaneously with 10(6.0) tcid50, 10(5.5) tcid50, and 10(5.0) tcid50 of hav vaccine; the seroconversion rate and antibody gmt were 97.52%-90.68%, gmt = 1:5.19 +/- 1.90-1:3.36 +/- 1.94; 84.75%-76.27%, gmt = 1:4.29 +/- 1.96-1:2.0 +/- 2.67; 53.23%-51.61%, gmt = 1:2.57 +/- 1.89-1:1.68 +/- 1.41 ... | 1993 | 8222910 |
| inactivation of hepatitis a virus by heat treatment in aqueous solution. | hepatitis a virus infections have been reported recently among hemophilic patients in italy and germany, leading to speculation that infectious hepatitis a virus (hav) might have been present in some factor viii concentrates. in both cases, the implicated factor concentrates had been treated by a solvent/detergent method, which inactivates enveloped viruses but which would not be expected to inactivate hav, a nonenveloped picornavirus. to determine whether hav would be inactivated during pasteur ... | 1993 | 8228940 |
| surveillance for waterborne disease outbreaks--united states, 1991-1992. | problem/condition: since 1971, cdc and the u.s. environmental protection agency have maintained a collaborative surveillance program for collection and periodic reporting of data on the occurrence and causes of waterborne disease outbreaks. reporting period covered: january 1991 through december 1992. description of system: the surveillance system includes data about outbreaks associated with water intended for drinking and also about those associated with recreational water. state and local pub ... | 1993 | 8232179 |
| initial report of a hepatitis investigation in rural belize. | in spring 1991, belizian health officials expressed concern about a possible hepatitis outbreak in a banana farming district. a study was designed to identify cases and to address the serological prevalence of hepatitis virus markers. three populations were studied: (i) persons meeting a clinical case definition for hepatitis; (ii) designated banana workers; and (iii) people in a random sample of households in the community. information was collected using questionnaires and sera were collected ... | 1993 | 8236384 |