Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| deluge of questions prompts aafp to develop fiv vaccine brief. american association of feline practitioners. | 2002 | 12418682 | |
| serological survey of toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukaemia virus in urban stray cats in belgium. | three hundred and forty-six serum samples taken between 1998 and 2000 from urban stray cats in the city of ghent were tested for antibodies to toxoplasma gondii and feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv), and antigens of feline leukemia virus (felv). of these 346 samples, 243 (70.2 per cent) were seropositive for tgondii. thirty-nine cats (11.3 per cent) had antibodies against fiv and 13 (3.8 per cent) had circulating antigens of felv. fewer of the female cats had fiv and heavier cats had a higher ... | 2002 | 12479298 |
| long-range effects of retroviral insertion on c-myb: overexpression may be obscured by silencing during tumor growth in vitro. | the c-myb oncogene is a frequent target for retroviral activation in hemopoietic tumors of avian and mammalian species. while insertions can target the gene directly, numerous clusters of retroviral insertion sites have been identified which map close to c-myb and outside the transcription unit in t-lymphomas (ahi-1, fit-1, and mis-2) and monocytic and myeloid leukemias (mml1, mml2, mml3, and epi-1). previous analyses showed no consistent effect of these insertions on c-myb expression, raising t ... | 2003 | 12502821 |
| prevalence of felv and antibodies to fiv and fcov in falkland islands cats. | 2002 | 12503794 | |
| a highly efficient gene delivery system derived from feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv). | 2003 | 12526177 | |
| structure and mechanism of a coreceptor for infection by a pathogenic feline retrovirus. | infection of t lymphocytes by the cytopathic retrovirus feline leukemia virus subgroup t (felv-t) requires felix, a cellular coreceptor that is encoded by an endogenous provirus and closely resembles the receptor-binding domain (rbd) of feline leukemia virus subgroup b (felv-b). we determined the structure of felv-b rbd, which has felix activity, to a 2.5-a resolution by x-ray crystallography. the structure of the receptor-specific subdomain of this glycoprotein differs dramatically from that of ... | 2003 | 12552012 |
| manufacturer addresses concerns about fiv vaccine. | 2003 | 12555972 | |
| demineralization for inactivation of infectious retrovirus in systemically infected cortical bone: in vitro and in vivo experimental studies. | clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated viral transmission through the transplantation of fresh-frozen infected bone. while sterilization methods sufficient to inactivate the human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) have been shown to markedly alter osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties of bone allografts, the ability of a process for creating demineralized bone matrix to abrogate transmission of a retrovirus has not been investigated, to our knowledge. we hypothesized that a clini ... | 2003 | 12571312 |
| 2001 report of the american association of feline practitioners and academy of feline medicine advisory panel on feline retrovirus testing and management. | 2003 | 12613492 | |
| disseminated mycobacterium avium complex infection in a cat: presumptive diagnosis by blood smear examination. | disseminated mycobacteriosis was diagnosed in a 4-year-old, castrated male domestic shorthair cat following the observation of one to three retractile, non-staining bacilli in neutrophils and monocytes on a wright-leishman-stained blood smear organisms were bright red following acid-fast staining by kinyoun's technique. the cat had a history of progressive weight loss, anemia, fever, and sporadic vomiting after eating. in addition to blood smears, mycobacteria also were observed in bone marrow a ... | 1997 | 12658601 |
| acute myeloid leukemia with basophilic differentiation (aml, m-2b) in a cat. | a 4-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat with a history of depression, anorexia, and weight loss was diagnosed with acute myelogenous leukemia (aml). the cat tested positive by both the feline immunodeficiency virus antibody test and feline leukemia virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test. results of cytochemical stains on peripheral blood and bone marrow specimens indicated acute myeloid leukemia with unusual basophilic differentiation (aml, m-2b). | 1994 | 12666034 |
| feline leukaemia virus and vaccination. | 2003 | 12670435 | |
| a potential therapeutic strategy to combat leukemia virus infection. | to test the concept that a replication-competent retrovirus carrying a suicide gene could have potential utility in the control of the natural virus infection in mammalian species, we constructed derivatives of a feline leukemia virus (felv) that is commonly associated with leukemia-lymphomas in this species. the felv, rickard strain, subgroup a (fra) genome contained at the 3' end of the envgene, an insert of an internal ribosomal entry site (ires) linked to cdna sequence of either herpes simpl ... | 2003 | 12673127 |
| fratricidal retroviruses: a new twist in gene therapy. | 2003 | 12673128 | |
| seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, fiv and felv infections in domestic cats in japan. | seroprevalence of bartonella henselae, toxoplasma gondii, feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) infections was investigated in 1,447 domestic cats derived from the north (hokkaido) to the south (okinawa) prefectures in japan. of the cats investigated, 8.8% (128/1,447) were seropositive to b. henselae, 5.4% (78/1,447) to t. gondii, 9.8% (107/1,088) to fiv, and 2.9% (32/1,088) to felv, respectively. for b. henselae infection, the positive rate varied from 11.5% in ca ... | 2003 | 12680718 |
| serosurvey for feline leukemia virus and lentiviruses in captive small neotropic felids in são paulo state, brazil. | feline leukemia virus (felv), gammaretrovirus, and feline immunodeficiency virus, a lentivirus, are members of the family retroviridae, and may establish persistent infections in the domestic cat (felis catus). cytoproliferative and cytosuppressive disorders may result from infection with these viruses. morbidity and mortality rates are high in domestic cats worldwide. infection of endangered neotropic small felids with these viruses could be devastating. to investigate the prevalence of felv an ... | 2003 | 12723802 |
| mutations that abrogate transactivational activity of the feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat do not affect virus replication. | the u3 region of the ltr of oncogenic moloney murine leukemia virus (mo-mulv) and feline leukemia viruses (felv) have been previously reported to activate expression of specific cellular genes in trans, such as mhc class i, collagenase iv, and mcp-1, in an integration-independent manner. it has been suggested that transactivation of these specific cellular genes by leukemia virus u3-ltr may contribute to the multistage process of leukemogenesis. the u3-ltr region, necessary for gene transactivat ... | 2003 | 12758176 |
| detection of the integrated feline leukemia viruses in a cat lymphoid tumor cell line by fluorescence in situ hybridization. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a type-c retrovirus associated with lymphoid and hematopoietic malignancies in cats. the felv-induced tumors are thought to be caused, at least in part, by somatically acquired insertional mutagenesis in which the integrated provirus may activate a proto-oncogene or disrupt a tumor suppressor gene. this study was undertaken to enumerate and map the acquired proviral insertions in the genome of a feline thymic lymphoma cell line (ft-1) infected with felv. fluoresce ... | 2003 | 12816966 |
| principles of treatment for feline lymphoma. | lymphoma is the most commonly diagnosed neoplasm in cats. as feline leukemia virus antigenemia has decreased over the past 15 years, there has been a profound shift in the presence, signalment, and frequency of sites of feline lymphoma in north america. there is variation in anatomic classification systems, but most studies have divided lymphoma into four groups: alimentary, mediastinal, multicentric, or extranodal. clinical signs and common differential diagnoses for each of the forms are descr ... | 2003 | 12831069 |
| disease propagation in connected host populations with density-dependent dynamics: the case of the feline leukemia virus. | spatial heterogeneity is a strong determinant of host-parasite relationships, however local-scale mechanisms are often not elucidated. generally speaking, in many circumstances dispersal is expected to increase disease persistence. we consider the case when host populations show density-dependent dynamics and are connected through the dispersal of individuals. taking the domestic cats (felis catus)--feline leukemia virus (felv) as a toy model of host-microparasite system, we predict the disease ... | 2003 | 12875824 |
| the feline leukemia virus (felv) and the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis). | 2003 | 12928879 | |
| efficacy of a canarypox virus-vectored vaccine against feline leukaemia. | canarypox virus recombinant vaccines have a unique efficacy and safety profile for the vaccinated host because the canarypox virus is non-replicative in mammalian hosts. after the vaccination of a mammalian species, recombinant canarypox viruses express the inserted genes but cannot multiply in the host. they stimulate a strong immune response in the absence of any virus amplification in the host or any viral spread into the environment. a new canarypox-based recombinant vaccine is the canarypox ... | 2003 | 12934796 |
| reevaluation of host ranges of feline leukemia virus subgroups. | we reevaluated the host ranges of feline leukemia virus (felv) subgroups a, b and c using pseudotype assays based on recombinant nb-tropic murine leukemia virus, which is not usually blocked after viral entry in mammalian cells. pseudotype viruses of felv-b and -c infected a variety of cell lines from many mammalian species. unexpectedly, felv-a pseudotype viruses of two independent isolates from the uk and us also infected a variety of non-feline cell lines including cells from humans, rabbits, ... | 2003 | 12941386 |
| development of antibodies to feline ifn-gamma as tools to elucidate the cellular immune responses to felv. | an understanding of the nature of immune protection and the role of immune effector products such as interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) in the control of infectious disease is fundamental to the rational design of effective vaccines and immunotherapeutic reagents. murine monoclonal and sheep polyclonal antibodies (mabs and pabs) to feline ifn-gamma (fifn-gamma) were generated firstly to facilitate further research into the role of cellular immune responses in the control of feline infectious disease, ... | 2003 | 12969548 |
| haematogenous spread of sporothrix schenckii in cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. | the recovery of sporothrix schenckii from blood samples is rare, and the diagnosis of systemic sporotrichosis is usually made at necropsy. in this report, s schenckii was isolated from two or more internal organs of nine necropsied cats with naturally acquired sporotrichosis. haematogenous spread was demonstrated in vivo by the isolation of s schenckii from the peripheral blood of 17 (n = 49, 34.4 per cent) cats. feline leukaemia virus (felv) was not detected, and co-infection with feline immuno ... | 2003 | 14510328 |
| feline gastrointestinal lymphoma. | gastrointestinal lymphoma is a common cause of anorexia and weight loss in older cats, with or without vomiting or diarrhea. most cats are feline leukemia virus-negative and feline immunodeficiency virus-negative. low-grade gastrointestinal lymphoma may be more common than previously thought, and these cats respond better to chemotherapy agents than cats with high-grade lymphoma. the most significant prognostic indicator is initial response to chemotherapy, with cats that survive the initial ind ... | 2003 | 14552162 |
| evidence of horizontal transmission of feline leukemia virus by the cat flea ( ctenocephalides felis). | the feline leukemia virus (felv) is a naturally occurring and widespread retrovirus among domestic cats. the virus is mainly transmitted horizontally through saliva, blood and other body fluids by close contact between cats. vectors other than cats, e.g. blood-sucking parasites, have not been reported. this study tested the vector potential of the cat flea ( ctenocephalides felis) for felv. in a first feeding, fleas were fed for 24 h with blood from a felv-infected cat with persistent viremia. f ... | 2003 | 14557874 |
| multicentric t-cell lymphoma associated with feline leukemia virus infection in a captive namibian cheetah (acinonyx jubatus). | this case report describes a multicentric lymphoma in a 4 yr old female wildborn captive cheetah (acinonyx jubatus) in namibia after being housed in an enclosure adjacent to a feline leukemia virus (felv) infected cheetah that had previously been in contact with domestic cats. the year prior to the onset of clinical signs, the wild-born cheetah was felv antigen negative. the cheetah subsequently developed lymphoma, was found to be infected with felv, and then rapidly deteriorated and died. at ne ... | 2003 | 14567232 |
| targeting a retroviral vector in the absence of a known cell-targeting ligand. | an important requirement for many gene therapy applications is to direct therapeutic genes specifically to target cells. here we describe an improved vector targeting method that does not depend on the use of a known cell-targeting ligand. it entails screening a library of constitutively produced retroviruses with random amino acid substitutions in the cell-targeting region of the envelope proteins for their ability to mediate gene delivery to a target cell. by screening such a library on the ra ... | 2003 | 14577917 |
| replication and expression of a swinepox virus vector delivering feline leukemia virus gag and env to cell lines of swine and feline origin. | the host range of swinepox virus (spv) is restricted to swine, although spv has been shown to infect mammalian, non-swine cells, without recovery of infectious virus. spv is a reasonable candidate for development as a non-productively replicating viral vector for use in non-swine, mammalian species, such as the cat. a novel spv gene deletion (spv 043) was created and found to be non-attenuating. this deletion was utilized to generate a stable recombinant virus expressing the gag-pro and env prot ... | 2003 | 14609625 |
| t-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat. | this report constitutes the first description of a t-cell lymphoma of the tympanic bulla in a cat. this feline leukemia virus (felv)-negative cat originally presented with signs referable to middle ear disease; it deteriorated rapidly after definitive diagnosis. lymphoma of the middle ear is extremely rare in all species. | 2003 | 14703086 |
| prevalence of dental resorptive lesions in swedish cats. | ninety-six, randomly selected swedish cats were evaluated for the presence of dental resorptive lesions. all cats were examined while receiving general anesthesia. diagnosis was based on oral examination and full-mouth, intraoral dental radiographs. information concerning age, sex, vaccination status, eating habits, food type, environment (indoor or outdoor housing), oral, discomfort, dental care, and medical treatment was recorded. hematologic samples included analysis for felv, fiv, and calciv ... | 2003 | 14705430 |
| sensitivity to human serum of gammaretroviruses produced from pig endothelial cells transduced with glycosyltransferase genes. | reduction of pig cell-surface alpha-galactosyl (gal) epitope, galalpha1, 3galbeta1, 4glcnac-r, by the introduction of glycosyltransferase genes is effective in suppressing hyperacute rejection (har) in pig-to-human xenotransplantation. the transmission of porcine endogenous retroviruses (pervs) has been recognized as a potential risk factor associated with xenotransplantation. in this study, effects of the introduction of glycosyltransferase genes to pig cells on the sensitivity of gammaretrovir ... | 2003 | 14708522 |
| prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats from northern florida. | necropsies were performed on 630 adult cats in northern florida to determine the prevalence and risk factors for heartworm infection in cats of this region. heartworms were identified in 4.9% of cats, and serological evidence of heartworm exposure was present in 17% of cats. not all cats from which heartworms were recovered were seropositive for heartworm antigen or antibody. there was no association between heartworm infection and co-infection with feline leukemia virus (felv) or feline immunod ... | 2003 | 14736717 |
| vaccine site-associated sarcoma and malignant lymphoma in cats: a report of six cases (1997-2002). | six cats developed malignant lymphoma 3 to 45 months after treatment for vaccine site-associated sarcoma. during the same time period, 184 cats were evaluated in the teaching hospital for vaccine site-associated sarcomas. feline vaccine site-associated sarcoma is not believed to be associated with feline leukemia virus (felv) infection. five of six cats were negative by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for felv antigens at the times of diagnosis of both sarcoma and lymphoma, and no cats were in ... | 2004 | 14736905 |
| efficient gene transfer to hematopoietic repopulating cells using concentrated rd114-pseudotype vectors produced by human packaging cells. | 2004 | 14759799 | |
| detection of feline coronavirus antibody, feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, and feline leukemia virus antigen in ascites from cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis. | to investigate the usefulness of ascites as a material for viral tests in cats with effusive feline infectious peritonitis (fip), we attempted to detect anti-feline coronavirus antibody, anti-feline immunodeficiency virus antibody, and feline leukemia virus antigen in ascites from 88 cats clinically suspected with effusive fip. in each of these three viral tests, all cats positive for serum antibody/antigen were also positive for ascitic antibody/antigen, while cats negative for serum antibody/a ... | 2004 | 14960820 |
| genomically intact endogenous feline leukemia viruses of recent origin. | we isolated and sequenced two complete endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enfelvs), designated enfelv-agtt and enfelv-ggag. in enfelv-agtt, the open reading frames are reminiscent of a functioning felv genome, and the 5' and 3' long terminal repeat sequences are identical. neither endogenous provirus is genetically fixed in cats but polymorphic, with 8.9 and 15.2% prevalence for enfelv-agtt and enfelv-ggag, respectively, among a survey of domestic cats. neither provirus was found in the genomes ... | 2004 | 15047851 |
| antiretroviral efficacy of a 98% solution of glycerol or ethylene oxide for inactivation of feline leukemia virus in bone. | to determine whether infectious retrovirus was inactivated in bones from felv-infected cats after ethylene oxide (eto) sterilization or preservation in a 98% solution of glycerol in an in vitro cell culture system. | 2004 | 15077685 |
| lyophilization does not inactivate infectious retrovirus in systemically infected bone and tendon allografts. | a review of multiple transplantations of human immunodeficiency virus-infected musculoskeletal allografts found that recipients of lyophilized (freeze-dried) bone or tendon from an infected donor all tested negative for human immunodeficiency virus. the finding that 75% of the recipients of fresh-frozen bone from the same donor contracted human immunodeficiency virus has led to speculation that freeze-drying may render retroviral-infected musculoskeletal allografts noninfectious. | 2004 | 15090371 |
| exposure to feline and canine pathogens in bobcats and gray foxes in urban and rural zones of a national park in california. | exposure of bobcats (lynx rufus) and gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) to a range of common canine and feline pathogens was assessed in urban and rural zones of golden gate national recreation area, a national park in the san francisco bay area, (california, usa) from 1992 to 1995. testing included serology for canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus (cpv), canine adenovirus, leptospira interrogans, feline calicivirus (fcv), feline panleukopenia virus, feline herpesvirus, feline enteric co ... | 2004 | 15137484 |
| serosurvey of viral infections in free-ranging namibian cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus). | cheetahs (acinonyx jubatus) in captivity have unusually high morbidity and mortality from infectious diseases, a trait that could be an outcome of population homogeneity or the immunomodulating effects of chronic stress. free-ranging namibian cheetahs share ancestry with captive cheetahs, but their susceptibility to infectious diseases has not been investigated. the largest remaining population of free-ranging cheetahs resides on namibian farmlands, where they share habitat with domestic dogs an ... | 2004 | 15137485 |
| feline leukemia virus threatens endangered panthers. | 2004 | 15198250 | |
| centrosome amplification and chromosomal instability in feline lymphoma cell lines. | to evaluate the presence of centrosome amplification and the resulting chromosomal instability in cat tumors, a newly established feline lymphoma cell line and four already established feline lymphoma cell lines were examined using immunohistochemical analysis of centrosomes. the number of chromosomes were subsequently counted by metaphase spread. moreover, to explore whether mutational inactivation of the p53 gene or inactivation of the p53 protein caused by mdm2 gene overexpression, occurred i ... | 2004 | 15297751 |
| therapeutic effects of recombinant feline interferon-omega on feline leukemia virus (felv)-infected and felv/feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv)-coinfected symptomatic cats. | the clinical efficacy of a recombinant feline interferon, rfeifn-omega, was evaluated for the treatment of cats presented with clinical signs associated with feline leukemia virus (felv) infection and felv/feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) coinfection in the field. in this multicentric, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 81 cats meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly placed into 2 groups and treated subcutaneously with rfelfn-omega (1 million [m]u/kg per day) or placebo once daily f ... | 2004 | 15320583 |
| anemia associated with 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' in a feline leukemia virus-negative cat with lymphoma. | 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum,' previously known as the small form of haemobartonella felis (california species), is a hemotrophic parasite found on erythrocytes of infected cats. although fleas are potential vectors, confirmatory studies are lacking. healthy cats infected with 'candidatus mycoplasma haemominutum' generally do not have clinically significant anemia, but concurrent disease or immune suppression may predispose a cat to develop a life-threatening anemia, such as in the case r ... | 2004 | 15347624 |
| prevalence of infectious diseases in feral cats in northern florida. | objectives of this study were to determine prevalence of infection in feral cats in northern florida with a select group of infectious organisms and to determine risk factors for infection. blood samples or sera from 553 cats were tested with a panel of antibody, antigen or pcr assays. male cats were at higher risk for fiv, mycoplasma haemofelis, and m. haemominutum. infection with either felv or fiv was associated with increased risk for coinfection with the other retrovirus, m. haemofelis, or ... | 2004 | 15363760 |
| identification of a human heme exporter that is essential for erythropoiesis. | flvcr, a member of the major facilitator superfamily of transporter proteins, is the cell surface receptor for feline leukemia virus, subgroup c. retroviral interference with flvcr display results in a loss of erythroid progenitors (colony-forming units-erythroid, cfu-e) and severe anemia in cats. in this report, we demonstrate that human flvcr exports cytoplasmic heme and hypothesize that human flvcr is required on developing erythroid cells to protect them from heme toxicity. inhibition of flv ... | 2004 | 15369674 |
| feline leukaemia virus ltr variation and disease association in a geographical and temporal cluster. | feline leukaemia virus (felv)-945 was previously identified in natural multicentric lymphomas and contains a 21 bp tandem triplication in the ltr. in the present study, felv ltr variation was examined in the cohort from which felv-945 was identified. the objectives of the study were to evaluate felv ltr variation within the cohort, to determine whether the felv-945 ltr was associated uniquely with multicentric lymphoma and to evaluate functional attributes that may have contributed selective adv ... | 2004 | 15448356 |
| regulation of felv-945 by c-myb binding and cbp recruitment to the ltr. | feline leukemia virus (felv) induces degenerative, proliferative and malignant hematologic disorders in its natural host, the domestic cat. felv-945 is a viral variant identified as predominant in a cohort of naturally infected animals. felv-945 contains a unique sequence motif in the long terminal repeat (ltr) comprised of a single copy of transcriptional enhancer followed by a 21-bp sequence triplicated in tandem. the ltr is precisely conserved among independent cases of multicentric lymphoma, ... | 2004 | 15507152 |
| sanitary conditions of a colony of urban feral cats (felis catus linnaeus, 1758) in a zoological garden of rio de janeiro, brazil. | the colony of urban stray cats living in the rio de janeiro zoological garden was studied in order to develop a population and health control program. as many cats as possible were captured during two months (47 animals) and were classified according to gender, age, weight and coat markings. they were submitted to a general health evaluation, examined for the presence of ectoparasites and sent to a surgical neutering program. all animals had a blood sample drawn for cbc, platelet count, heartwor ... | 2004 | 15517031 |
| association between nuclear antigens and endogenous retrovirus in the generation of autoantibody responses in murine lupus. | (nzb x nzw)f(1) (nzb/nzw) mice and other strains of mice with experimental lupus frequently produce autoantibodies to both chromatin constituents and murine leukemia virus envelope gp70. these autoantibody responses are involved in the glomerulonephritis that develops in these mice. this study was undertaken to explore possible connections between these 2 antigen systems. | 2004 | 15529369 |
| characterization of a newly established nonproducer lymphoma cell line for feline leukemia virus. | a feline lymphoblastoid cell line (ko-1) was established from a 5-year-old neutered female cat with naturally occurring thymic lymphoma. ko-1 cells had a rearrangement of t-cell receptor beta-chain gene and a germ-line configuration of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene, however, they were devoid of t-cell-specific surface phenotype. cytogenetically, ko-1 cells showed a hyperploidy (2n = 41) due to the trisomy of b2, f2 and x chromosomes. although ko-1 cells were shown to be clonally expanded cells ... | 2004 | 15541796 |
| in vitro selective suppression of feline myeloid colony formation is attributable to molecularly cloned strain of feline leukemia virus with unique long terminal repeat. | molecularly cloned feline leukemia virus (felv)-clone 33 (c-33), derived from a cat with acute myelocytic leukemia (aml), was examined to assess its relation to the pathogenesis of aml and myelodysplastic syndrome (mds). to evaluate in vitro pathogenicity of felv c-33, bone marrow colony-forming assay was performed on marrow cells infected with felv c-33 or an felv subgroup a strain (61e, a molecularly cloned strain with minimal pathogenicity). the myeloid colony-forming activity of feline bone ... | 2005 | 15563922 |
| substitution of feline leukemia virus long terminal repeat sequences into murine leukemia virus alters the pattern of insertional activation and identifies new common insertion sites. | the recombinant retrovirus, mofe2-mulv (mofe2), was constructed by replacing the u3 region of moloney murine leukemia virus (m-mulv) with homologous sequences from the felv-945 ltr. nih/swiss mice neonatally inoculated with mofe2 developed t-cell lymphomas of immature thymocyte surface phenotype. mofe2 integrated infrequently (0 to 9%) near common insertion sites (ciss) previously identified for either parent virus. using three different strategies, ciss in mofe2-induced tumors were identified a ... | 2005 | 15596801 |
| prevalence of canine distemper virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus in captive african lions (panthera leo) in japan. | sero-prevalences of canine distemper virus (cdv), feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) and feline leukemia virus (felv) were evaluated in 20 captive lions in two japanese zoos. anti-cdv antibody was detected in 13 of 20 lions. we could pursue antibody responses against cdv in three lions back to 1996. sera collected in 1996 were negative for anti-cdv antibody, therefore, all of them showed sero-conversion in 2000. this result suggested that the epidemic of cdv infection in this zoo might have hap ... | 2004 | 15644613 |
| subtle mutational changes in the su protein of a natural feline leukemia virus subgroup a isolate alter disease spectrum. | felv-945 is a representative isolate of the natural feline leukemia virus (felv) variant predominant in non-t-cell malignant, proliferative, and degenerative diseases in a geographic cohort. the felv-945 surface glycoprotein (su) is closely related to natural horizontally transmissible felv subgroup a (felv-a) but was found to differ from a prototype to a larger extent than the members of felv-a differ among themselves. the sequence differences included point mutations restricted largely to the ... | 2005 | 15650161 |
| probing sequence variation in the receptor-targeting domain of feline leukemia virus envelope proteins with peptide display libraries. | determinants of cellular tropism and receptor targeting lie within a short peptide in the vr1 region of the envelope (env) proteins of feline leukemia virus (felv) subgroups a and c. libraries of felv env proteins with random amino acid substitutions in the peptide were screened for their ability to deliver a marker gene to d17 and ah927 cells. screening on d17 canine cells yielded d17-specific env proteins that used the felv-c receptor. screening on ah927 cells yielded env proteins with a broad ... | 2005 | 15650172 |
| re-examination of feline leukemia virus: host relationships using real-time pcr. | the mechanisms responsible for effective vs. ineffective viral containment are central to immunoprevention and therapies of retroviral infections. feline leukemia virus (felv) infection is unique as a naturally occurring, diametric example of effective vs. ineffective retroviral containment by the host. we developed a sensitive quantitative real-time dna pcr assay specific for exogenous felv to further explore the felv-host relationship. by assaying p27 capsid antigen in blood and felv dna in bl ... | 2005 | 15661159 |
| dna-dependent protein kinase enhances dna damage-induced apoptosis in association with friend gp70. | friend leukemia virus (flv) infection strongly enhances gamma-irradiation-induced apoptosis of hematopoietic cells of c3h hosts leading to a lethal anemia. experiments using p53 knockout mice with the c3h background have clarified that the apoptosis is p53-dependent and would not be associated with changes of cell populations caused by the infection with flv. in bone marrow cells of flv + total body irradiation (tbi)-treated c3h mice, the p53 protein was prominently activated to overexpress p21 ... | 2005 | 15661267 |
| comparison of the safety and efficacy of a recombinant feline leukemia virus (felv) vaccine delivered transdermally and an inactivated felv vaccine delivered subcutaneously. | the efficacy of a new recombinant felv vaccine (rfelv), delivered transdermally via a needle-free delivery device was compared to that of an inactivated felv vaccine (felv-k), administered subcutaneously, with a conventional needle and syringe. kittens were immunized with either rfelv (0.25 ml, transdermal) or felv-k (1 ml, subcutaneous); or they were sham-vaccinated with physiologic saline (0.25 ml, transdermal). two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart. injection sites were monitored f ... | 2004 | 15719325 |
| inclusion of jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus proviral elements markedly increases lentivirus vector pseudotyping efficiency. | retroviral pseudotyping for gene transfer applications endeavors to alter vector tropism and maintain a suitable titer. we investigated the compatibility of the jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (jsrv) envelope glycoprotein with the feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) vector. a construct consisting of the minimal jsrv env coding region expressed from a standard mammalian expression plasmid generated fiv vector titers of approximately 10(4) tu/ml following standard triple transfection, collection of su ... | 2005 | 15727943 |
| insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses. | the number, chromosomal distribution, and insertional polymorphisms of endogenous feline leukemia viruses (enfelvs) were determined in four domestic cats (burmese, egyptian mau, persian, and nonbreed) using fluorescent in situ hybridization and radiation hybrid mapping. twenty-nine distinct enfelv loci were detected across 12 of the 18 autosomes. each cat carried enfelv at only 9 to 16 of the loci, and many loci were heterozygous for presence of the provirus. thus, an average of 19 autosomal cop ... | 2005 | 15767400 |
| improved transduction of human sheep repopulating cells by retrovirus vectors pseudotyped with feline leukemia virus type c or rd114 envelopes. | gene therapy for hematopoietic diseases has been hampered by the low frequency of transduction of human hematopoietic stem cells (hscs) with retroviral vectors pseudotyped with amphotropic envelopes. we hypothesized that transduction could be increased by the use of retroviral vectors pseudotyped with envelopes that recognize more abundant cellular receptors. the levels of mrna encoding the receptors of the feline retroviruses, rd114 and feline leukemia virus type c (felv-c), were significantly ... | 2005 | 15774617 |
| comparison of dna polymerase activities between recombinant feline immunodeficiency and leukemia virus reverse transcriptases. | in this study, we present enzymatic differences found between recombinant rts derived from feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus. firstly, fiv rt showed low steady state k(m) values for dntps compared to felv rt. consistent with this, fiv rt synthesized dna more efficiently than felv rt at low dntp concentrations. we observed similar concentration-dependent activity differences between other lentiviral (hiv-1 and siv) and non-lentiviral (mulv and amv) rts. second, felv rt showe ... | 2005 | 15823610 |
| unique long terminal repeat and surface glycoprotein gene sequences of feline leukemia virus as determinants of disease outcome. | the outcome of feline leukemia virus (felv) infection in nature is variable, including malignant, proliferative, and degenerative disorders. the determinants of disease outcome are not well understood but are thought to include viral, host, and environmental factors. in particular, genetic variations in the felv long terminal repeat (ltr) and su gene have been linked to disease outcome. felv-945 was previously identified as a natural isolate predominant in non-t-cell neoplastic and nonneoplastic ... | 2005 | 15827142 |
| epizootiologic investigations of selected infectious disease agents in free-ranging eurasian lynx from sweden. | serum samples from 106 eurasian lynx (lynx lynx) from across sweden, found dead or shot by hunters in 1993-99, were investigated for presence of antibodies to feline parvovirus (fpv), feline coronavirus, feline calicivirus, feline herpesvirus, feline immunodeficiency virus, francisella tularensis, and anaplasma phagocytophila, and for feline leukemia virus antigen. in addition, tissue samples from 22 lynx submitted in 1999 were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to detect nucl ... | 2005 | 15827211 |
| neutralising antibodies against the transmembrane protein of feline leukaemia virus (felv). | neutralising antibodies specific for feline leukaemia virus (felv) were induced by immunisation with recombinant felv transmembrane envelope protein p15e. epitope mapping revealed two epitopes located in similar regions to those previously identified for the porcine endogenous retrovirus (perv). one of the epitopes has partial homology and both are located in regions corresponding to epitopes recognised by neutralising antibodies in patients infected with hiv-1. | 2005 | 15837241 |
| cell-binding properties of the envelope proteins of porcine endogenous retroviruses. | to examine the binding properties of the envelope glycoproteins of porcine endogenous retrovirus subgroups a and b (perv-a and perv-b), we produced two forms of soluble envelope proteins, termed env-st and env-su, using a baculovirus expression system. env-st and env-su encompass one-third of the n-terminal and the entire surface unit (su) of the envelope protein, respectively. using these proteins, binding assays were performed in various mammalian cell lines. the binding properties of the env- ... | 2005 | 15876545 |
| a vector expressing feline mature il-18 fused to il-1beta antagonist protein signal sequence is an effective adjuvant to a dna vaccine for feline leukaemia virus. | dna vaccination using vectors expressing the gag/pol and env genes of feline leukaemia virus (felv) and plasmids encoding feline interleukin-12 (il-12) and il-18 completely protected cats from viraemia following challenge [hanlon l, argyle d, bain d, nicolson l, dunham s, golder mc, et al. feline leukaemia virus dna vaccine efficacy is enhanced by coadministration with interleukin-12 (il-12) and il-18 expression vectors. j virol 2001;75:8424-33]. however, the relative contribution of each cytoki ... | 2005 | 15893619 |
| feline uveitis: diagnosis and treatment. | uveitis is the inflammation of any or all parts of the vascular tunic of the eye; the vascular tunic includes the iris, the ciliary body, and choroid. a good knowledge base, up-to-date reference materials, and good instruments will improve the diagnosis of uveitis. feline uveitis can be caused by numerous infectious agents in addition to neoplasia and less likely trauma. the infectious causes most commonly associated with feline uveitis include feline leukemia virus, feline immunodeficiency viru ... | 2005 | 15948426 |
| feline lymphoma in the post-feline leukemia virus era. | lymphoma (lymphosarcoma or malignant lymphoma) is the most common neoplasm of the hematopoietic system of cats and reportedly the cat has the highest incidence for lymphoma of any species. a 21-year retrospective survey of feline lymphoma covering the period 1983-2003 was conducted with the patient database at the veterinary medicine teaching hospital (vmth) at the university of california, davis, school of veterinary medicine. this period comprises the post-feline leukemia virus (felv) era. fel ... | 2005 | 15954547 |
| resistance against friend leukemia virus-induced leukemogenesis in dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk)-deficient scid mice associated with defective viral integration at the spi-1 and fli-1 site. | retroviral dna integration is mediated by the viral protein integrase. however, elements of the host dna repair machinery such as the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (pi-3k)-related protein kinase family system would play a role in the integration of viral dna into the host dna. here, we show that a host pi-3k-related protein kinase, dna-dependent protein kinase (dna-pk), plays a role in the specific integration of retroviral dna and induction of retroviral diseases in vivo. dna-pk-deficient scid ... | 2005 | 15978944 |
| glycan moiety modifications of feline alpha1-acid glycoprotein in retrovirus (fiv, felv) affected cats. | alpha1-acid glycoprotein (agp) is considered one of the major acute phase proteins in cats. in humans, agp is a heavily glycosylated protein that undergoes several modifications of its glycan moiety during acute and chronic inflammatory pathologies. in this paper we present the feline agps (fagp) glycan moiety modifications in the course of two prevalent feline diseases, the fiv (feline immunodeficiency virus) dependent feline acquired viral immunodeficiency and the feline leukemia virus (felv) ... | 2005 | 15982476 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus diagnosis after vaccination. | prior to the widespread use of vaccination for the control of feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) infection, diagnosis was made by the detection of antibodies against fiv. a number of commercial animal side tests perform quite well for this determination, with positive predictive values between 91 and 100% and negative predictive values between 96 and 100%. furthermore, results of these tests could be confirmed by western blot analysis of fiv test-positive sera. currently, a killed whole virus f ... | 2004 | 15984349 |
| influence of naturally acquired feline leukemia virus (felv) infection on the phagocytic and respiratory burst activity of neutrophils and monocytes of peripheral blood. | the purpose of this study was cytometric evaluation of phagocytic and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils and monocytes in cats naturally infected with felv. to conduct the study, the peripheral blood was obtained from 33 cats naturally infected with felv. the control group consisted of 30 felv-, fiv-, clinically healthy cats. the percentage of phagocytizing neutrophils of peripheral blood was lower in felv+ than in felv- cats. the percentage of neutrophils and monocytes in which an oxidativ ... | 2005 | 15989127 |
| effect of 17beta-estradiol and progesterone on the expression of felv in chronically infected cells. | in a previous study, it was found that even though more male cats were infected by feline leukaemia virus (felv), females seemed to progress easier to overt disease. to study the effect of female hormones, 17beta-estradiol and progesterone were added in different concentrations (10(-3) m to 10(-12) m) to a culture of persistently felv-infected cells. the effect of both hormones was very similar. after 24 h the cell viability was very low at 10(-3) m and 10(-4) m but similar to controls at the re ... | 2005 | 16023797 |
| feline leukemia virus testing. | 1982 | 16030832 | |
| humoral immunity in cats infected with feline immunodeficiency virus or leukaemia virus. | the humoral antibody responses of 82 domestic cats to the common commensal bacteria pasteurella multocida and staphylococcus aureus were measured by an indirect immunofluorescence assay to give a subjective quantification of specific igg in serum. there was no significant difference in specific serum igg levels between sick cats which tested antibody-positive to feline immunodeficiency virus or antigen-positive to feline leukaemia virus and sick, virus-negative cats. this finding suggested that ... | 1994 | 16031766 |
| quantitation of feline leukaemia virus viral and proviral loads by taqman real-time polymerase chain reaction. | feline leukaemia virus (felv) infection in cats is not only of veterinary importance but also a well-acknowledged animal model for studying the pathogenesis of retroviral disease. after virus exposure, different courses and outcomes of felv infection may prevail; they have been associated with cellular and humoral immune responses and the felv proviral load in peripheral blood. we hypothesized that the plasma viral rna load might be an additional relevant indicator for the infection outcome. to ... | 2005 | 16054243 |
| in vivo expression of gfp transgene delivered via a replicating feline leukemia virus. | we previously described replication-competent feline leukemia virus (felv) vectors with high-level and stable expression of a green fluorescent protein (gfp) or a suicide transgene in cell cultures in vitro. considering that felv might potentially be used to deliver therapeutic genes in vivo, we first evaluated the expression of the gfp gene introduced in cats by the felv, rickard subgroup a (fra) construct. eight newborn kittens were either inoculated with pfra-gfp plasmid dna intradermally, or ... | 2005 | 16143471 |
| feline b7.1 and b7.2 proteins produced from swinepox virus vectors are natively processed and biologically active: potential for use as nonchemical adjuvants. | costimulatory ligands, b7.1 and b7.2, have been incorporated into viral and dna vectors as potential nonchemical adjuvants to enhance ctl and humoral immune responses against viral pathogens. in addition, soluble b7 proteins, minus their transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, have been shown to block the down regulation of t-cell activation through blockade of b7/ctla-4 interactions in mouse tumor models. recently, we developed swinepox virus (spv) vectors for delivery of feline leukemia antigen ... | 2005 | 16181751 |
| reassessment of feline leukaemia virus (felv) vaccines with novel sensitive molecular assays. | we previously described antigen negative, provirus positive cats. subsequently, we hypothesized that efficacious felv vaccines cannot prevent minimal viral replication. thus, we vaccinated cats with either a canarypox-vectored live or a killed virus vaccine and analyzed the challenge outcome with quantitative pcr and a newly established real-time rt-pcr. when judged by conventional parameters (antigenaemia, virus isolation), most of the vaccinated cats were, as expected, protected from persisten ... | 2006 | 16198454 |
| experimental quantification of the feline leukaemia virus in the cat flea (ctenocephalides felis) and its faeces. | cat fleas (ctenocephalides felis) were fed via artificial membranes and infected with the feline leukaemia virus (felv) from cell cultures. after removing the fleas from the blood source, the quantity of virus in the flea and its faeces was measured over a defined period of time. the virus was detectable in the fleas for up to 30 h at room temperature and up to 115 h at 4 degrees c. in the faeces, the amount of virus decreased much more slowly--after 2 weeks half of the initial amount of virus c ... | 2005 | 16228264 |
| real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay to detect a broad range of feline calicivirus isolates. | this report describes a real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) assay with sybr green targeting the vp2 (orf 3) of feline caliciviruses. all of the 44 feline calicivirus isolates tested were detected, whereas neither feline herpesvirus, feline panleukopenia virus, feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus nor other calicivirus like rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus and a canine calicivirus isolate showed specific amplification products. the sensitivity of ... | 2006 | 16266755 |
| seroreactivity to a-type retrovirus proteins in a subset of cats with hyperthyroidism. | the thyroid gland is afflicted in several endocrine, autoimmune, and malignant diseases. previous studies detected immunoreactivity against proteins of a human intracisternal a-type retroviral particle type-i (hiap-i) in serum samples from the majority of patients with graves' disease, an autoimmune disease of the thyroid that can also affect other organs, most prominently the eyes. to determine whether hyperthyroid animals might provide a model for the retroviral involvement in thyroid autoimmu ... | 2005 | 16276511 |
| leukemia virus long terminal repeat activates nfkappab pathway by a tlr3-dependent mechanism. | the long terminal repeat (ltr) region of leukemia viruses plays a critical role in tissue tropism and pathogenic potential of the viruses. we have previously reported that u3-ltr from moloney murine and feline leukemia viruses (mo-mulv and felv) upregulates specific cellular genes in trans in an integration-independent way. the u3-ltr region necessary for this action does not encode a protein but instead makes a specific rna transcript. because several cellular genes transactivated by the u3-ltr ... | 2006 | 16289658 |
| shedding of feline leukemia virus rna in saliva is a consistent feature in viremic cats. | the purpose of this investigation was to characterize the shedding pattern of feline leukemia virus (felv) rna in saliva, and to correlate it with the proviral load in whole blood, viral load in plasma, levels of p27 in saliva and plasma, the isolation of infectious felv from saliva, and the titers of felv-specific antibodies of the igg and iga isotypes. we evaluated 24 experimentally felv-infected cats for these parameters using real-time rt-pcr and pcr, cell culture assay and sandwich elisa. w ... | 2006 | 16303261 |
| antibody induction after combined application of an adjuvanted recombinant felv vaccine and a multivalent modified live virus vaccine with a chlamydial component. | the compatibility, safety and interaction on antibody induction of a combined vaccine application were assessed. specific pathogen-free cats were vaccinated with either a modified live virus vaccine containing feline calici- (fcv), herpes- (fhv-1), parvovirus (fpv) and chlamydophila felis (c. felis), an adjuvanted recombinant feline leukaemia virus (felv) vaccine or both vaccines in one syringe. after combined application, felv elisa antibody titres were unaltered, however antibody production ba ... | 2006 | 16343700 |
| two cases of felv-associated dermatoses. | two cases of feline leukaemia virus (felv)-associated dermatosis are described. the first cat was affected by an ulcerative dermatitis identified as a giant-cell dermatosis. the second case was a cutaneous lymphoma. in both cases, felv antigens and felv genome were demonstrated in the affected skin immunologically and with polymerase chain reaction, respectively. the first case suggests that, like other retroviruses, at least some strains of felv can induce syncytium formation. as felv antigens ... | 2005 | 16359309 |
| antibodies neutralizing feline leukaemia virus (felv) in cats immunized with the transmembrane envelope protein p15e. | the feline leukaemia virus (felv) vaccines that are currently in wide use are generally poor inducers of virus-neutralizing antibodies, although such antibodies appear after recovering from challenge. however, the presence of neutralizing antibodies in cats recovering from natural felv infection clearly correlates with resistance to subsequent infection and passive transfer of antibodies can protect other animals. after demonstrating the induction of neutralizing antibodies in rats and goats imm ... | 2006 | 16423059 |
| aplastic anemia in cats - clinicopathological features and associated disease conditions 1996-2004. | a retrospective study of 128 feline bone marrow reports identified 13 cases of aplastic anemia. clinical diagnoses included chronic renal failure (n=5), feline leukemia virus infection (n=2), hyperthyroidism treated with methimazole (n=1) and idiopathic aplastic anemia (n=5). in some cats, starvation may play a role in the development of marrow aplasia. some cats with aplastic anemia can have prolonged survival without resolution of the pancytopenia. | 2006 | 16434225 |
| envelope determinants for dual-receptor specificity in feline leukemia virus subgroup a and t variants. | gammaretroviruses, including the subgroups a, b, and c of feline leukemia virus (felv), use a multiple-membrane-spanning transport protein as a receptor. in some cases, such as felv-t, a nonclassical receptor that includes both a transport protein (pit1) and a soluble cofactor (felix) is required for entry. to define which regions confer specificity to classical versus nonclassical receptor pathways, we engineered mutations found in either felv-a/t or felv-t, individually and in combination, int ... | 2006 | 16439518 |
| comprehensive mapping of receptor-functioning domains in feline leukemia virus subgroup c receptor flvcr1. | infection of cells by the highly anemogenic feline leukemia virus subgroup c (felv-c) is mediated by the heme exporter flvcr1, a cell surface protein containing 12 potential transmembrane segments with six presumptive extracellular loops (ecls). to identify flvcr1 residues critical for mediating felv-c infection, we first independently isolated a human cdna encoding the flvcr2 protein that shares 52% identity to human flvcr1, and we show that flvcr2 does not function as a receptor for felv-c. th ... | 2006 | 16439531 |
| seroprevalence of feline leukemia virus and feline immunodeficiency virus infection among cats in north america and risk factors for seropositivity. | to determine seroprevalence of felv and fiv infection among cats in north america and risk factors for seropositivity. | 2006 | 16448357 |
| feline immunodeficiency virus testing in stray, feral, and client-owned cats of ottawa. | feline immunodeficiency virus (fiv) seroprevalence is evaluated in 3 groups of cats. seventy-four unowned urban strays were tested, as well as 20 cats from a small feral cat colony, and 152 client-owned cats. of the 246 cats tested, 161 (65%) were male and 85 (35%) were female. seroprevalence for fiv was 23% in the urban strays, 5% in the feral cat colony, and 5.9% in the client-owned cats. ten cats (4%) were also positive for feline leukemia virus (felv) antigen, including 2 cats coinfected wit ... | 2005 | 16454381 |
| rapid detection of feline leukemia virus provirus integration into feline genomic dna. | feline leukemia virus (felv) is a gamma retrovirus that induces fatal diseases in domestic cats. efficacious felv vaccines prevent persistent viremia and development of felv-related disease after virus exposure, but not minimal viral replication and a provirus-positive state as recently demonstrated using sensitive real-time pcr assays. proviral integration is an important parameter of latent infection and persistence of retroviruses in infected cells. so far, felv-specific real-time pcr assays ... | 2006 | 16488115 |
| primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in 19 cats: diagnosis, therapy, and outcome (1998-2004). | immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (imha) occurs less frequently in cats than in dogs. the value of the coombs' test (ct) has been questioned, but detailed surveys of its use are lacking. the objective of this study was to describe 19 cats with primary imha (pimha) and to examine the diagnostic value of the direct ct. the ct was performed in 92 cats; it was negative in 5 healthy, in 9 sick nonanemic, and in 55 cats with different types of anemia. the ct was positive in 18 anemic cats (2 feline leu ... | 2006 | 16496936 |
| protection from challenge following administration of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant feline leukemia virus vaccine in cats previously vaccinated with a killed virus vaccine. | to compare protection against felv challenge obtained following administration of 2 doses of an adjuvanted, chemically inactivated, whole felv (felv-k) vaccine with protection obtained following administration of 1 dose of an felv-k vaccine followed by 1 dose of a canarypox virus-vectored recombinant felv (rcp-felv) vaccine. | 2006 | 16506935 |
| detection of feline leukemia virus rna in saliva from naturally infected cats and correlation of pcr results with those of current diagnostic methods. | a novel diagnostic test for feline leukemia virus (felv) rna in saliva from naturally infected cats is described in this study. we evaluated different diagnostic tests and compared them with the widely used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) for the detection of p27 in the diagnosis of felv. blood samples from 445 cats were tested for the presence of provirus by real-time pcr and plasma and saliva specimens from those cats were tested for the presence of viral rna by real-time reverse tra ... | 2006 | 16517876 |