Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| tumour necrosis factor-alpha induces preferential expression of stress proteins in virulent promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | intracellular replication of leishmania donovani inside macrophages is essential for production of disease and development of the parasite. tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf) plays an integral role in host response to leishmania. the effect of tnf on expression of heat-shock proteins (hsp) was examined in promastigotes of l. donovani. tnf treatment led to an increased expression of hsp83, hsp70 and hsp65 in virulent, but not avirulent, parasites. in response to stress by h2o2 or sodium arsenite, ... | 1995 | 7721337 |
| il-12 enhances th1-type responses in human leishmania donovani infections. | il-12 is a pluripotent cytokine that interacts with nk and t cells to play a central role in the initiation and maintenance of th1 responses and ifn-gamma production. because of the interactive relationship between il-12 and ifn-gamma response to infectious organisms, a study was undertaken to examine the role of il-12 in the immune regulation of human visceral leishmaniasis (vl). human (hu) vl is associated with immune dysfunction and the appearance of il-10 mrna, not present in healed individu ... | 1995 | 7722314 |
| conservation among old world leishmania species of six physical linkage groups defined in leishmania infantum small chromosomes. | we have characterised 49 dna probes specific for each of the six smallest chromosomes in leishmania infantum and have examined the allocation of these probes in the molecular karyotypes of the other old world leishmania species leishmania donovani, leishmania major, leishmania tropica and leishmania aethiopica. these 49 probes define 6 physical linkage groups in the molecular karyotypes of various strains of l. infantum. 40 of these probes hybridise in the other old world leishmania species and ... | 1995 | 7723776 |
| detection of parasites of the leishmania donovani-complex by a polymerase chain reaction-solution hybridization enzyme-linked immunoassay (pcr-shela). | a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the detection of the lmet2 repeat sequence specific to members of the leishmania donovani-complex is described. to improve pcr specificity, a post-pcr hybridization step is often performed but this usually involves an entirely new procedure with additional manipulations, expense and time. we have simplified this post-pcr hybridization by developing a strategy which includes the probe in the pcr and enables the hybridization to be performed automatically ... | 1995 | 7724234 |
| molecular and cytotoxic effects of camptothecin, a topoisomerase i inhibitor, on trypanosomes and leishmania. | parasites pose a threat to the health and lives of many millions of human beings. among the pathogenic protozoa, trypanosoma brucei, trypanosoma cruzi, and leishmania donovani are hemoflagellates that cause particularly serious diseases (sleeping sickness, chagas disease, and leishmaniasis, respectively). the drugs currently available to treat these infections are limited by marginal efficacy, severe toxicity, and spreading drug resistance. camptothecin is an established antitumor drug and a wel ... | 1995 | 7731973 |
| [leishmaniasis in peninsular spain. a historical-bibliographic review (1912-1985)]. | a bibliographic-historical review of leishmaniasis in spain during the period 1912-1985 is carried out. the bibliographical prospecting has allowed to collect a total of 402 works; out of them only 79 are included in this review. from reading them, it can be deduced that, starting from its discovery in the coast of levante in 1912, leishmaniasis has been a very well known disease in spain, during the first third of our century, period in which a remarkable prevalence took place, as it follows fr ... | 1993 | 7732292 |
| biosynthesis of lipophosphoglycan from leishmania major: characterization of (beta 1-3)-galactosyltransferase(s). | lipophosphoglycan (lpg) is the major cell surface molecule of promastigotes of all leishmania species. it is comprised of three domains: a conserved gpi anchor linked to a repeating phosphorylated disaccharide (p2; po4-6-gal(beta 1-4)man(alpha 1-) backbone variously substituted with galactose, glucose and arabinose residues in l.major and capped with a neutral oligosaccharide. using a microsomal membrane preparation from l.major, we have been able to demonstrate that galactose from udp-[14c]gala ... | 1994 | 7734847 |
| acidic residues important for substrate binding and cofactor reactivity in eukaryotic ornithine decarboxylase identified by alanine scanning mutagenesis. | ornithine decarboxylases from trypanosoma brucei, mouse, and leishmania donovani share strict specificity for three basic amino acids, ornithine, lysine, and arginine. to identify residues involved in this substrate specificity and/or in the reaction chemistry, six conserved acidic resides (asp-88, glu-94, asp-233, glu-274, asp-361, and asp-364) were mutated to alanine in the t. brucei enzyme. each mutation causes a substantial loss in enzyme efficiency. most notably, mutation of asp-361 increas ... | 1995 | 7744828 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in somalia: prevalence of leishmanin-positive and seropositive inhabitants in an endemic area. | in an endemic area of somalia both humoral and cell mediated immunity against leishmania donovani was demonstrated in 246 inhabitants. in a study of 14 patients with active visceral leishmaniasis, we found that antibodies appear early in infection and that they are then demonstrable for a limited period only. leishmanin positivity develops later and persists longer, but does not seem to be lifelong. the majority of the immunoreactive individuals were either sero- or leishmanin positive. this fin ... | 1995 | 7747298 |
| interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 production by human t cells recognizing leishmania donovani antigens separated by sds-page. | crude preparations of leishmania donovani proteins were separated by preparative sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. fractions of separated proteins were recovered by electroelution directly from the gel into separate chambers. the isolated protein fractions were tested for induction of proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in cultures of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from individuals who had recovered from visceral leishmaniasis caused by l. donovani. the rel ... | 1995 | 7748537 |
| antimicrobial response of a t cell-deficient host to cytokine therapy: effect of interferon-gamma in experimental visceral leishmaniasis in nude mice. | to determine if interferon (ifn)-gamma can enhance intracellular antimicrobial defense in a t cell-deficient host, nude balb/c mice were infected with leishmania donovani and treated with ifn-gamma. ifn-gamma induced killing of l. donovani in livers of euthymic mice but had no effect in nude mice despite activating peritoneal macrophages in vivo. transfer of cd4+ or cd8+ t cells permitted nude mice to respond to ifn-gamma; treatment with t cell-regulated antileishmanial cytokines (interleukin-2, ... | 1995 | 7751708 |
| effects of an azasterol inhibitor of sterol 24-transmethylation on sterol biosynthesis and growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were cultured in the presence of an azasterol (20-piperidin-2-yl-5 alpha-pregnane-3 beta,20-diol) to determine the effects on sterol biosynthesis and cell proliferation. inhibition of growth increased gradually with azasterol concentrations up to 5 micrograms/ml; concentrations of azasterol exceeding 5 micrograms/ml were lethal. sterol biosynthesis was affected by the azasterol when administered at concentrations as low as 100 pg/ml. the primary site of action w ... | 1995 | 7755579 |
| antileishmanial activity of berenil and methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) and its correlation with s-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase and polyamines. | leishmania donovani s-adenosyl-l-methionine (adomet) decarboxylase was found to show a growth related pattern. methylglyoxal bis (guanylhydrazone) (mgbg) and berenil inhibited the growth of leishmania donovani promastigotes (strain ur6) in a dose dependent manner. the concentrations of mgbg and berenil required for 50% inhibition of rate of growth were 67 and 47 microm, respectively. the growth inhibition of mgbg was partially reversed by spermidine (100 microm) and spermine (100 microm). bereni ... | 1995 | 7757882 |
| leishmania donovani: pilot study for evaluation of therapeutic effects of inosine analogs against amastigotes in vitro and in vivo. | the inhibition of carbocyclic inosine (c-ino), 3'-deoxyinosine (3'-di), and 3'-fluoroinosine (3'-fi) to leishmania donovani amastigotes was examined. j774.1 cells (a mouse macrophage line) were cultured in git medium with lipopolysaccharide and hemin and infected with the parasite. c-ino (3 microm) completely inhibited and 3'-di (30 microm) reduced to 40% the infection rate on day 6 after infection. pentostam (30 microm) resulted in a 38% infection rate. the therapeutic efficacies of nonentrappe ... | 1995 | 7758547 |
| chemical-microbiological synthesis of ent-13-epi-manoyl oxides with biological activities. | the biotransformation of ent-13-epi-3-keto manoyl oxide, which possesses antileishmania activity, with curvularia lunata produced ent-6 beta-hydroxy, ent-1 alpha-hydroxy, ent-11 beta-hydroxy and delta 1-derivatives, as well as a reduction product a c-3 (s-alcohol) with another hydroxyl group at c-6 (ent-6 beta) or c-11 (ent-11 beta). the ent-6 beta-hydroxy and delta 1-derivatives inhibited growth of the pathogenic protozoa, leishmania donovani. the biotransformation of ent-12 alpha-acetoxy-3 bet ... | 1994 | 7765688 |
| antigenicity of cystatin-binding proteins from parasitic protozoan. detection by a proteinase inhibitor based capture immunoassay (pinc-elisa). | a novel immunoassay (pinc-elisa) was designed using proteinase inhibitors of the cystatin superfamily (pinc) in the solid phase, to promote the selective capture of cysteine proteinases. the method was applied in the identification of papain-like antigens from parasitic protozoa. pinc of human origin, namely recombinant cystatin c (r-cystatin c) or low molecular weight kininogen were used in the assays to adsorb proteases contained in cell lysates from various trypanosomatids. the pinc-elisa was ... | 1995 | 7769245 |
| leishmania donovani: in vitro culture and [1h] nmr characterization of amastigote-like forms. | when leishmania donovani promastigote forms, were cultured in tc-199 medium at 28 degrees c and subsequently incubated at 38 degrees c, they turned into aflagellate (amastigote-like) forms. a return of the incubation-culture temperature to 28 degrees c these amastigote-like forms to revert to promastigotes. the amastigotes obtained by heat-shock, were viable and retained antigenic capacity being recognized by the sera of naturally infected patients. these forms, remained also capable of multiply ... | 1995 | 7770070 |
| evora district as a new focus for canine leishmaniasis in portugal. | on the basis of information acquired from local health authorities in evora district of portugal on cases of visceral leishmaniasis (vl), an epidemiology survey study was conducted. to determine the prevalence of anti-leishmania antibodies in the local human and canine populations residing in evora town and 14 adjacent villages, blood samples collected from 885 children and 3,614 dogs were tested in a direct agglutination test (dat). seropositivity for leishmania parasite obtained by dat in both ... | 1995 | 7770430 |
| synthesis of enantio-manoyl oxides: modifiers of the activity of adenylatecyclase enzyme. | cyclization of methyl ent-8 alpha-hydroxylabd-13(16),14-dien-18-oate with m-chloroperbenzoic acid gave methyl (13s)-ent-16-hydroxy-8 alpha,13-epoxylabd-14-en-18-oate and its epimer at c-13. biotransformation of the former (which exhibits antileishmania activity) with rhizopus nigricans cultures produced the methyl (13s)-ent-11 beta,16-dihydroxy-8 alpha,13-epoxilabd-14-en-18-oate (carbomanoyl, which inhibits the activity of the adenylatecyclase enzyme), methyl (13s)-ent-3 beta,16-dihydroxy-8 alph ... | 1995 | 7772300 |
| treatment of indian kala-azar with pentavalent antimony. | 1995 | 7776791 | |
| comparative evaluation of anti-heat shock protein antibodies in sle and healthy controls. | presence of anti-heat shock protein (anti-hsp) antibodies have earlier been demonstrated in children as well as adult patients with systemic lupus erythmatosus (sle). since hsp share homology across several species, it is presumed that anti-e. coli antibodies could in fact be autoantibodies. surface expression of hsps has also been shown to play a role in the generation of antibodies. in the present study antibodies to a recombinant hsp70 of leishmania dnonvani origin have been investigated in p ... | 1995 | 7777828 |
| successful treatment of antimony-resistant visceral leishmaniasis with liposomal amphotericin b (l-ampb-lrc) in a child. | 1995 | 7778200 | |
| molecular mimicry between the immunodominant ribosomal protein p0 of trypanosoma cruzi and a functional epitope on the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. | sera from chagasic patients possess antibodies recognizing the carboxy-terminal part of the ribosomal p0 protein of trypanosoma cruzi and the second extracellular loop of the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor. comparison of both peptides showed that they contain a pentapeptide with very high homology (aesee in p0 and aesde in the human beta 1-adrenergic receptor). using a competitive immunoenzyme assay, recognition of the peptide corresponding to the second extracellular loop (h26r) was inhibited ... | 1995 | 7790824 |
| applicability of direct agglutination test (dat) at a rural health setting in bangladesh and feasibility of local antigen production. | as part of a large-scale sero-epidemiological survey on visceral leishmaniasis (vl) carried out in mymensingh district of bangladesh, applicability of dat was assessed at the level of a rural health setting in trishal (upazila) subdistrict. despite the relatively less optimal conditions encountered, 5854 inhabitants from 7 villages appendant to trishal were assessed for vl. the demographic distribution for sero-positivity obtained at the rural setting was comparable to that found by dat as execu ... | 1993 | 7802488 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, n. e. brazil: towards a dna probe kit and its adaptation to processing blood-contaminated samples. | the lmet2 chemiluminescent dna probe is a valuable tool for identifying parasites of the leishmania donovani -complex in sand flies, dogs and human samples. recent blood meals in sand flies or blood contamination of tissue samples inhibited probe sensitivity, whether radiolabelled or chemiluminescent detection systems were used. treatment of membranes with protease before hybridisation restored positive signal. alternatively samples could be lysed with protease and applied to membranes with a va ... | 1993 | 7802496 |
| interleukin 12 is effective treatment for an established systemic intracellular infection: experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | when administered at or near the initiation of experimental intracellular infection caused by leishmania major, toxoplasma gondii, or cryptococcus neoformans, treatment with the immuno-regulatory cytokine interleukin 12 (il-12), induces protective antimicrobial activity. in contrast, once infections are established, il-12 exerts considerably less or no effect in the face of a suppressive th2 cell-associated response (l. major) or rapidly progressive fatal infection (t. gondii). to test the effic ... | 1995 | 7807019 |
| intra- and interspecific polymorphisms of leishmania donovani and l. tropica minicircle dna. | a pair of degenerate polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primers (lei-1, tcg gat cc[c,t] [g,c]tg ggt agg ggc gt; lei-2, acg gat cc[g,c] [g,c][a,c]c tat [a,t]tt aca cc) defining a 0.15-kb segment of leishmania minicircle dna was constructed. these primers amplified not only inter- but also intraspecifically polymorphic sequences. individual sequences revealed a higher intraspecific than interspecific divergence. it is concluded that individual sequences are of limited relevance for species determinat ... | 1994 | 7808997 |
| cytotoxic and antiparasitic activity from annona senegalensis seeds. | several extracts of annona senegalensis (annonaceae) seeds were tested for antiparasitic activity against leishmania major, leishmania donovani, trypanosoma brucei brucei, and for cytotoxic activity against kb and vero cell lines. fractionation of seeds extracts was mainly guided by means of a biocidal assay against artemia salina nauplii. the biological activities resulted from extract-isolated acetogenins. | 1994 | 7809207 |
| the polymerase chain reaction can reveal the occurrence of naturally mixed infections with leishmania parasites. | on isolation and characterization of leishmania parasites from sudanese patients with visceral leishmaniasis (vl), four cases of mixed infections were found. three of those cases were from the eastern sudan focus of vl. in one case the patient was found to be concomitantly infected with leishmania donovani and leishmania aethiopica, while the remaining three patients possessed mixed infections of leishmania donovani and leishmania major. mixed infections were identified by pcr amplification of l ... | 1994 | 7810388 |
| identification of an immunodominant 32-kilodalton membrane protein of leishmania donovani infantum promastigotes suitable for specific diagnosis of mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis. | sera from 35 patients suffering from mediterranean visceral leishmaniasis (caused by leishmania donovani infantum) and 59 patients with various forms of cutaneous leishmaniasis prevalent in the sub-mediterranean countries (caused by leishmania major, l. donovani infantum, or leishmania tropica) were tested by immunoblotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) with both membrane and soluble antigens prepared from l. donovani infantum parasites. control sera were from healthy children (n ... | 1994 | 7814485 |
| leishmania donovani: enhanced expression of soluble acid phosphatase in the presence of sinefungin, an antiparasitic agent. | sinefungin, an antileishmanial nucleoside, induces morphological and ultrastructural changes in promastigotes of leishmania donovani. the most important modifications are the enlargement of the flagellar pocket and the increased activity of the golgi apparatus. cytoenzymatic labeling demonstrates an increased activity of the soluble acid phosphatase in the flagellar reservoir of sinefungin-treated cells. the affinity constant remained unchanged. analyzes by western blot demonstrate an increased ... | 1995 | 7821414 |
| subpopulations of t lymphocytes in the peripheral blood, dermal lesions and lymph nodes of post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis patients. | distribution of different subpopulations of t cells in the dermal lesions, lymph nodes and peripheral blood of post kala-azar dermal lesihmaniasis (pkadl) patients was studied by using appropriate phenotypic markers for cd2+, cd4+ and cd8+ cells. histopathological studies of skin lesions showed marginal to massive infiltration of mononuclear cells depending upon the duration of illness and type of lesions. thus, while the hypopigmented patches were represented by small focal collections of lymph ... | 1995 | 7824884 |
| sinefungin shares adomet-uptake system to enter leishmania donovani promastigotes. | the involvement of a carrier for sinefungin (sf) uptake in leishmania donovani promastigotes is indicated by saturation kinetics, competition studies and sf accumulation against a 270-fold concentration gradient across the cell membrane. whether sf uptake occurs via nucleoside- or adomet-carrier systems was investigated by competition experiments and comparison of the uptake of various molecules in wild-type and sf-resistant cells. results show that sf did not inhibit purine or pyrimidine uptake ... | 1995 | 7826320 |
| isolation and structural characterization of the leishmania donovani kinetoplastid membrane protein-11, a major immunoreactive membrane glycoprotein. | a novel membrane molecule, previously observed to be co-isolated with lipophosphoglycan and called lipophosphoglycan-associated protein, has been detected in leishmania donovani promastigotes and amastigotes. this kinetoplastid membrane protein (kmp-11) has been purified by preparative sds/page after organic solvent extraction of promastigote membranes. isoelectric-focusing experiments indicated that this was an acidic protein with an isoelectric point of 4.8. immunoblot analysis of subcellular ... | 1995 | 7826346 |
| cloning and structure-function analysis of the leishmania donovani kinetoplastid membrane protein-11. | this report describes the complete translated gene sequence, predicted secondary structure and lipid bilayer association of a novel kinetoplastid membrane protein (kmp-11) from leishmania donovani promastigotes. kmp-11 was previously referred to as the lipophosphoglycan-associated protein (lpgap). the isolation, species distribution and chemical characterization, including a partial protein sequence analysis and post-translational modifications, of this major membrane component have been describ ... | 1995 | 7826347 |
| haplotype mapping and sequence analysis of the mouse nramp gene predict susceptibility to infection with intracellular parasites. | the mouse chromosome 1 locus bcg (ity, lsh) controls the capacity of the tissue macrophage to restrict the replication of antigenically unrelated intracellular parasites and therefore determines the natural resistance (bcg-r, dominant) or susceptibility (bcg-s, recessive) of inbred mouse strains to infection with diverse pathogens, including several mycobacterium species, salmonella typhimurium, and leishmania donovani. we have used a positional cloning strategy based on genetic and physical map ... | 1994 | 7829102 |
| trypanosomatid cysteine protease activity may be enhanced by a kininogen-like moiety from host serum. | african trypanosomes contain cysteine proteases (trypanopains) the activity of which can be measured by in vitro digestion of fibrinogen, after electrophoresis in fibrinogen-containing sds/polyacrylamide gels. when assessed by this procedure, trypanopain from trypanosoma brucei (trypanopain-tb) is estimated to have a molecular mass of 28 kda. however, two additional bands of trypanopain activity (87 kda and 105 kda) are observed if serum is added to the trypanopain before electrophoresis. format ... | 1995 | 7832773 |
| stage-specific binding of leishmania donovani to the sand fly vector midgut is regulated by conformational changes in the abundant surface lipophosphoglycan. | the life cycle of leishmania parasites within the sand fly vector includes the development of extracellular promastigotes from a noninfective, procyclic stage into an infective, metacyclic stage that is uniquely adapted for transmission by the fly and survival in the vertebrate host. these adaptations were explored in the context of the structure and function of the abundant surface lipophosphoglycan (lpg) on leishmania donovani promastigotes. during metacyclogenesis, the salient structural feat ... | 1995 | 7836922 |
| characterization of a polymorphic family of integral membrane proteins in promastigotes of different leishmania species. | antibodies raised against a leishmania major recombinant promastigote surface antigen 2 (psa-2) fragment recognized three major polypeptides of approximate m(r) 96,000, 80,000 and 50,000 in promastigotes of three israeli isolates of l. major including the cloned line lrc-l137-v121, but detected a different array of polypeptides in other l. major isolates. the pattern was different both in number of polypeptides detected and their molecular weight. the antibodies to l. major psa-2 also recognized ... | 1994 | 7838170 |
| leishmania resistant to sodium stibogluconate: drug-associated macrophage-dependent killing. | a total of 17 leishmania isolates, 6 of them isolated from antimony-resistant patients, were collected in the sudan and tested for their sensitivity to sodium stibogluconate (pentostam) as promastigotes. six of those isolates were tested as amastigotes infecting a murine macrophage cell line. the results indicated that the conventional promastigote screening assay did not correlate with the clinical picture, whereas the amastigote/macrophage system produced results that pertained to the in vivo ... | 1994 | 7855121 |
| anaemia in kala-azar--a preliminary report. | 1994 | 7860490 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis in vervet monkeys: immunological responses during asymptomatic infections. | nine vervet monkeys (cercopithecus aethiops) were infected intradermally with 8 x 10(7) virulent l. donovani promastigotes. four animals developed clinical visceral leishmaniasis and died over a period of 18 months. the remaining five animals have remained asymptomatic for a period of 3 years now. attempts to isolate parasites from spleen and liver through biopsies were fruitless. immunological responses of these subclinically infected animals were examined. enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (el ... | 1995 | 7863267 |
| daily versus alternate-day regimen of amphotericin b in the treatment of kala-azar: a randomized comparison. | using a randomized study, we compared a daily and an alternate-day regimen of amphotericin b for the treatment of kala-azar, with respect to efficacy, adverse reactions, cost-effectiveness, and tolerance. the study subjects were 80 kala-azar patients, drawn from the first four decades of life and matched by age, sex, and parasite load. the patients were randomly allocated to treatment groups a and b (40 patients per group). patients in group a received a daily regimen of amphotericin b, starting ... | 1994 | 7867139 |
| a combination of sulphadiazine, trimethoprim and metronidazole or tinidazole in kala-azar. | nine patients of kala-azar showed good response to treatment with a combination of sulphadiazine, trimethoprim and metronidazole or tinidazole given orally for 12 to 25 weeks. no untoward side effect was noticed. tinidazole sulphadiazine and trimethoprim combination was found to be safer for treatment of kala-azar in pregnant women. | 1994 | 7868522 |
| [fixation and immunological reactivity of parasitic protozoa in sol-gel matrices]. | parasitic protozoa have been entrapped within sol-gel silica matrices. stationary phase promastigote cells of leishmania donovani infantum are mixed with a silicon alkoxide solution. they remain trapped within the growing oxide network formed upon hydrolysis and condensation of the alkoxide. electron microscopy shows the preservation of the cellular organization and the integrity of the plasma membrane of entrapped parasites. specific antigen-antibody reactions have been performed within the sol ... | 1994 | 7882149 |
| effect of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | gm-csf induces three effects potentially beneficial in visceral leishmaniasis: blood monocyte mobilization, macrophage activation, and amelioration of granulocytopenia. to determine the experimental role and effect of gm-csf in this intracellular infection, livers from leishmania donovani-infected balb/c mice were tested for gm-csf mrna expression and mice were treated with anti-gm-csf antiserum or gm-csf. l. donovani infection upregulated hepatic gm-csf mrna expression by 10-fold, and anti-gm-c ... | 1995 | 7883967 |
| antinuclear antibodies in visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 7884234 | |
| visceral leishmaniasis in teresina, state of piauí, brazil: preliminary observations on the detection and transmissibility of canine and sandfly infections. | a leishmania donovani-complex specific dna probe was used to confirm the widespread dissemination of amastigotes in apparently normal skin of dogs with canine visceral leishmaniasis. when lutzomyia longipalpis were fed on abnormal skin of five naturally infected dogs 57 of 163 (35%) flies became infected: four of 65 flies (6%) became infected when fed on apparently normal skin. the bite of a single sandfly that had fed seven days previously on a naturally infected dog transmitted the infection t ... | 1994 | 7885238 |
| [anemia and hepatosplenomegaly: search for the protozoon?]. | an eight-months-old infant presenting with anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, hypoalbuminemia and polyclonal hypergammaglobulinemia was finally found to be affected by visceral leishmaniasis, after having suspected oncohaematologic problems. diagnosis was confirmed by bone marrow aspiration. complete recovery was achieved with antimonial n-methylglucamine (glucantim) administered im. | 1994 | 7885958 |
| asymptomatic visceral leishmaniasis in israel. | 1994 | 7886758 | |
| phase 2 efficacy trial of an oral 8-aminoquinoline (wr6026) for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis. | the efficacy of an oral 8-aminoquinoline (8-[[6-(diethylamino)hexyl]amino]-6-methoxy-4-methylquinoline) (wr6026) in the treatment of 16 patients with kala azar was evaluated. the first 8 patients received therapy for 2 weeks at a dosage of 0.75-1.00 mg/(kg.d); 1 patient was cured, and in regard to the other 7, a 1-logarithm decrease in the number of splenic parasites and clinical improvement were noted. the next 8 patients received therapy for 4 weeks at the same daily dosage (1 mg/[kg.d]); 4 we ... | 1994 | 7888530 |
| metronidazole therapy for visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 7888556 | |
| inverted repeat structure and homologous sequences in the ld1 amplicons of leishmania spp. | in the parasitic trypanosomatids of the genus leishmania, novel circular (cd) and linear (ld) multicopy genetic elements arise de novo either spontaneously or as a result of drug selection. we report that the ld1 minichromosomes of l. donovani, l. major and l. mexicana (ranging in size from 180 to 230 kb) have an inverted repeat structure and contain homologous sequences located at similar distances from the telomere; one half of the chromosome being the mirror image of the other. they must ther ... | 1994 | 7891749 |
| phlebotomine sandflies associated with households of human visceral leishmaniasis cases in baringo district, kenya. | a 12-month field study on sandflies was conducted from april 1992 to march 1993 at three locations in baringo district, rift valley province, kenya. study sites were selected based on their close proximity to the households of three patients who had had parasitologically confirmed visceral leishmaniasis in 1988, 1990 or 1991. sandfly populations were highest during the two rainy seasons, april-june and november-december. a significant association was detected between the monthly abundance of san ... | 1994 | 7893180 |
| the activity and ultrastructural localization of primaquine-loaded poly (d,l-lactide) nanoparticles in leishmania donovani infected mice. | the activity of primaquine (pq) was compared to that of pq-loaded poly (d,l-lactide) (pla) nanoparticles against leishmania donovani. the association of pq with pla nanoparticles increased the antileishmanial in vitro and in vivo effects of intravenously administered drug while its toxicity was reduced. the effectiveness of pq-loaded pla nanoparticles was 3.3 times as high as that of free drug in the suppression of amastigotes in the liver of balb/c mice. a total dose of 30 mg pq bound/kg (600 m ... | 1994 | 7899792 |
| interleukin-4 and interferon-gamma production by leishmania stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells from nonexposed individuals. | interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and interleukin-4 (il-4) production by leishmania reactive peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from non-exposed individuals was investigated. ifn-gamma was measured in culture supernatants after antigen stimulation. for the measurement of il-4, antigen stimulated cells were pulsed with pma and ionomycin before il-4 release was measured. l. donovani and l. major antigens induced il-4 production (105-1748 pg/ml) in 13 and seven cultures, and ifn-gamma production ... | 1995 | 7899822 |
| identification of leishmania donovani using a polymerase chain reaction in patient and animal material obtained from an area of endemic kala-azar in the sudan. | 1993 | 7903141 | |
| genetic control of drug-induced recovery from murine visceral leishmaniasis. | the influence of host genetic background on the response of leishmania donovani-infected mice to chemotherapy was studied using the h-2d and h-2b haplotypes on a balb or a b10 genetic background. animals were treated with free or liposomal sodium stibogluconate and parasite burdens in the liver, spleen and bone marrow were assessed. in all the mouse strains and their congenic derivatives examined, the liver responded best to therapy regardless of drug formulation, whilst the spleen and the bone ... | 1993 | 7903366 |
| cloning and sequence analysis of a drosophila melanogaster cdna encoding imp dehydrogenase. | a cdna encoding the entire drosophila melanogaster imp dehydrogenase (impdh) protein was isolated and sequenced. translation of the impdh cdna nucleotide sequence indicated that the drosophila impdh exhibited 48% and 65% amino acid identity to the leishmania donovani and human isoform ii counterparts, respectively. northern analysis revealed that expression of the 2.4 kb impdh transcript was equivalent in adult drosophila head and body and that impdh expression was developmentally regulated. in ... | 1994 | 7904480 |
| incorporation of label from acetate and laurate into the mannan of leishmania donovani via the glyoxylate cycle. | leishmania donovani promastigotes in late-stationary phase incorporated label from [2-14c]acetate and [1-14c]laurate into the mannose residues of mannan, thus confirming the presence of a functional glyoxylate bypass in these parasitic protozoa. isolated, washed calls also incorporated label from [2-14c]acetate and [1-14c]laurate into mannan during a 1-hr incubation in buffer. glucose had no effect on label incorporation into mannan, but glutamate caused over a four-fold increase in incorporatio ... | 1993 | 7904877 |
| cloning, sequencing, and structural analysis of the dna encoding inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (ec 1.1.1.205) from tritrichomonas foetus. | the inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (impdh) of the parasitic protozoan tritrichomonas foetus is a purine salvage enzyme with a subunit molecular weight of 58,000. the enzyme has been purified to homogeneity by verham et al. (molecular and biochemical parasitology 24, 1-12, 1987) and characterized in more detail by hedstrom and wang (biochemistry 29, 849-854, 1990). we used a polyclonal antibody directed against the purified enzyme to identify three cdna clones from t. foetus. these clones we ... | 1994 | 7905423 |
| the major surface glycoprotein (gp63) from leishmania major and leishmania donovani cleaves cd4 molecules on human t cells. | the effect of leishmania major and l. donovani surface protease gp63 on surface markers on human t cells was studied using fluorescence-activated flow cytometry. purified gp63 (63,000 m.w. glycoprotein) at concentrations above 10 micrograms/ml completely inhibited binding of six different anti-cd4 abs to human t cells, whereas the binding of one ab, okt4, was not inhibited. heat inactivation of the protease before the incubation with cells abolished the effect on binding of anti-cd4 abs. cells i ... | 1994 | 7908919 |
| biochemical and immunochemical characterization of a p-type atpase from leishmania donovani promastigote plasma membrane. | an atpase on the plasma membrane of leishmania donovani has been characterized. an antiserum, generated against atpase active bands from native gels, was specific for a 105 kda protein in promastigotes. however, in plasma membrane preparations a 70 kda protein is also recognized, suggesting proteolysis of the intact 105 kda protein or the presence of a second similar atpase. [gamma-32p]atp phosphorylates two proteins (105 kda and 70 kda) in promastigotes and plasma membranes. both proteins form ... | 1994 | 7918568 |
| the beta-aspartyl phosphate intermediate in a leishmania donovani promastigote plasma membrane p-type atpase. | the phosphorylated intermediate of a plasma membrane p-type atpase in leishmania donovani has been further characterized. the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate is sensitive to several atpase inhibitors including vanadate, dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (dccd), n-ethylmaleimide (nem), and fluorescein isothiocyanate (fitc). these inhibitors affect purified immunoprecipitated protein as well as total plasma membrane fractions. oligomycin, an inhibitor of mitochondrial atpases, and ouabain, an ... | 1994 | 7918569 |
| a simple medium without blood modified for successful isolation & cultivation of ld bodies. | a simple growth medium for primary isolation and subsequent cultivation of leishmania donovani promastigotes without using whole blood is described. this medium is modified from aljeboori's biphasic medium (used originally only for cultivation), containing only beef extract, peptone, sodium chloride, bactoagar and foetal calf serum (fcs). we have modified the medium by adding glucose and ascertaining the ph in the solid phase and by drastically reducing (91%) fcs in the liquid phase. the medium ... | 1994 | 7927570 |
| the kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 of leishmania donovani and african trypanosomes is a potent stimulator of t-lymphocyte proliferation. | kinetoplastid membrane protein 11 (kmp-11) from leishmania donovani is an abundant 11-kda surface membrane glycoprotein. lymph node cells from mice of six different h-2 haplotypes immunized with kmp-11 or with l. donovani promastigotes were stimulated to proliferate in vitro kmp-11. primed purified t cells required antigen presentation since they were not stimulated unless kmp-11-pulsed or l. donovani-infected macrophages were added. promastigotes of a wide variety of leishmania species and proc ... | 1994 | 7927770 |
| time course and intensity of infection in vitro in the resident peritoneal macrophages of resistant and susceptible mice exposed to different doses of leishmania donovani promastigotes. | a study was made of the proliferation dynamics in vitro of leishmania donovani amastigotes in the resting peritoneal macrophages of c57bl/6 (lshs) and c57l/j (lshr) mice. monolayers were inoculated with 5, 50 or 500 promastigotes per macrophage and the number of infected cells and the number of parasites per cell were determined 1, 3, 5, 7 and 14 days following inoculation. results indicate that, irrespective of the phenotype of the donor mouse and of the inoculum, only 50-65% of the cells becam ... | 1994 | 7928078 |
| protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in leishmania donovani. | l. donovani promastigotes were grown to late-log and 3-day stationary phase to determine the level of protein tyrosine phosphatase activity in crude extracts and in fractions following gel filtration column chromatography. over 90% of the activity was soluble in a low salt extraction buffer in both phases of growth. several peaks of activity were resolved following gel filtration of the crude extracts indicating that multiple tyrosine phosphatases are present in these cells. tyrosine phosphatase ... | 1993 | 7935346 |
| the structure, organization, and expression of the leishmania donovani gene encoding trypanothione reductase. | trypanothione reductase (tr) is an nadph-dependent flavoprotein oxidoreductase central to thiol metabolism in the trypanosomatids. we report here the cloning by expression of the leishmania donovani gene. it is single copy, expresses a 2.6-kb transcript and a 52-kda protein and is located on a 1.1-mbp chromosome. the 491 amino acid sequence has 76% similarity to crithidia fasciculata and 67% similarity to trypanosoma cruzi, trypanosoma congolense and trypanosoma brucei tr. residues recognising t ... | 1994 | 7935607 |
| an approach to functional complementation by introduction of large dna fragments into trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani using a cosmid shuttle vector. | to extend the range of genetic tools available for the functional analysis of trypanosomatid genes we have constructed a cosmid shuttle vector (pcostl) which facilitates the introduction of large dna fragments into trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani. the vector contains several features to simplify library construction and insert mapping and transformed cells can be selected on the basis of g418 resistance. to evaluate the vector and to determine the fidelity of replication we first const ... | 1994 | 7935628 |
| epidemiology and clinical manifestations of visceral and cutaneous leishmaniasis in baringo district, rift valley, kenya. a literature review. | visceral leishmaniasis (vl), caused by leishmania donovani, is endemic in baringo district, kenya. the disease has a focal distribution in the dry, hot areas below 1500 metres. infections may be characterized as follows: 1) asymptomatic, 2) subclinical and self-limiting (not medically identifiable), and 3) clinically manifest disease (that is medically identifiable). half of the reported vl patients are between 5 and 14 years of age and 66% of them are males. the reasons for the focal distributi ... | 1994 | 7940999 |
| infection of human monocytes by leishmania results in a defective oxidative burst. | the effect of infection by prototypes from the three major species of leishmania on the oxidative burst of human mononuclear phagocytes in culture was examined. the presence of intracellular parasites of the three species, l.major, l.donovani and l.mexicana decreased hydrogen peroxide (h2o2) and superoxide anion (o2-) production. this was particularly apparent when infected cells were compared to control monocytes following treatment with ifn-gamma. nitroblue tetrazolium (nbt) reduction by monoc ... | 1994 | 7947230 |
| formation of functional cross-species heterodimers of ornithine decarboxylase. | the two active sites in ornithine decarboxylase (odc) are formed at the dimer interface with lys-69 and cys-360 contributing to each active site from opposite monomers [tobias, k. e., & kahana, c. (1993) biochemistry 32, 5842-5847]. to gain insight into the organization of the substrate binding site and the nature of the dimer interface, analysis of ornithine decarboxylase from two parasitic protozoa, trypanosoma brucei and leishmania donovani, and from mouse was undertaken. though t. brucei and ... | 1994 | 7947774 |
| [preliminary study on expression of leishmania donovani antigen gene in e. coli]. | we constructed previously the expressing library of leishmania donovani genomic dna with lambda gt11 as vector. in this paper, 2 x 10(4) phages were plated on e. coli y1090r-, and screened with a rabbit antiserum prepared by immunization with leishmania donovani promastigotes. bound antibodies were detected using alkaline phosphatase labeled anti-rabbit antibodies. a positive expressing clone was detected and transferred into e. coli y1098r- to prepare lysate, a 39 kda polypeptide in e. coli y10 ... | 1994 | 7955157 |
| two cases of laryngeal leishmaniasis in patients infected with hiv. | a high incidence of visceral leishmaniasis has been documented in hiv-infected patients in endemic areas. in these patients, atypical locations and a chronic course of the disease are more frequent. two aids patients with laryngeal leishmaniasis are reported. these cases are believed to be the first of this type documented in the literature. the possible pathogenic mechanisms of the disease are discussed. infection with leishmania donovani may eventually be described for every organ containing p ... | 1994 | 7957275 |
| a frequently amplified region in leishmania contains a gene conserved in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. | a 27.5-kb sequence that is present in an approx. 2-mb chromosome in leishmania also occurs as an inverted dimer in a multicopy, 55-kb circular molecule (ld1) in leishmania infantum itmap263. sequence analysis of a 7100-bp cloned segment from the circular molecule revealed three open reading frames (orfs). the orfs are likely to have protein coding function by a number of criteria, including northern blot analyses. the amino acid (aa) sequences deduced from two orfs showed no similarity to other ... | 1994 | 7958944 |
| status of glutathione in lymphoid tissues of golden hamster during leishmania donovani infection. | during leishmania donovani infection of golden hamsters, changes in the glutathione levels of lymphoid tissues were observed. while in liver and thymus there was significant decrease in the levels of reduced and oxidised glutathione, that in spleen, bone marrow cells, peritoneal exudate cells and lymph nodes increased, indicating a role for host glutathione in establishing the infection. | 1994 | 7959849 |
| amplification of the inosinate dehydrogenase gene in trypanosoma brucei gambiense due to an increase in chromosome copy number. | drug resistance is a significant impediment to the therapy of african sleeping sickness in humans. to evaluate molecular mechanisms that contribute to drug resistance in african trypanosomes, a clonal strain of trypanosoma brucei gambiense, mpa10, was selected in medium containing mycophenolic acid (mpa), an inhibitor of imp dehydrogenase (impdh) activity. impdh activity in mpa10 cells was approximately 6-fold higher than that of wild type parental cells, although the enzymes in both strains wer ... | 1994 | 7961861 |
| comparative evaluation of serological tests in indian kala-azar. | data on 41 kala-azar patients were collected and the series of serological tests employed to diagnose the disease were compared depending upon their sensitivity and specificity indices. the indirect fluorescent antibody test (ifat) was found to be 100% sensitive and specific. the direct agglutination test (dat) involving detection of agglutinating antibodies against leishmania donovani was 97.2% efficient. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) had a specificity of 75% while other tests s ... | 1994 | 7966534 |
| a further study of ldt and ifat tests in evaluating the control of kala-azar in china. | kala-azar (ka) used to be highly prevalent in shandong province in china and, according to the survey made in 1950, the average prevalence rate was 350 per million. through mass treatment and sandfly control, the prevalence rate was brought down to 3 per 100,000 in 1958 and the disease was basically eliminated. since 1972, only 18 residual patients have been detected and no newly infected cases have appeared. in the meantime, the vector density had been reduced to such a low level that sandflies ... | 1994 | 7966538 |
| evolution of codon usage and base contents in kinetoplastid protozoans. | in this study we analyze and compare the trends in codon usage in five representative species of kinetoplastid protozoans (crithidia fasciculata, leishmania donovani, l. major, trypanosoma cruzi and t. brucei), with the purpose of investigating the processes underlying these trends. a principal component analysis shows that the g+c content at the third codon position represents the main source of codon-usage variation, both within species (among genes) and among species. the non-trypanosoma spec ... | 1994 | 7968492 |
| detection of ubiquinone in parasitic and free-living protozoa, including species devoid of mitochondria. | ubiquinone (coenzyme q, coq) was analyzed and individual homologues quantified in 11 species of parasitic and free-living protozoa by a combination of thin-layer chromatography and high performance liquid chromatography. fast atom bombardment ionization-mass spectrometry was used for the first time to confirm the identity of the fractionated coq homologues and proved to be a fast, gentle and convenient method for ubiquinone identification. ubiquinone was detected in all organisms including those ... | 1994 | 7969263 |
| structural organisation of microsatellite families in the leishmania genome and polymorphisms at two (ca)n loci. | in the present study, we have analysed the frequency and distribution of several microsatellite dnas [(ca)n, (ggt)n and (gca)n] in the genome of leishmania. hybridisation analysis on the molecular karyotypes of different leishmania strains showed the presence of these three microsatellites on all chromosomes of the parasite. the number of microsatellite clusters appeared grossly similar among strains from different old world complexes. however, these three microsatellite families showed an uneve ... | 1994 | 7969268 |
| saliva of lutzomyia longipalpis sibling species differs in its composition and capacity to enhance leishmaniasis. | leishmania donovani chagasi parasites, transmitted by sandflies of the lutzomyia longipalpis species complex, normally cause visceral leishmaniasis. however, in central america infections frequently result in cutaneous disease. we undertook experiments to investigate the possible influence of sandfly saliva on the course of infection. erythemas caused by feeding sandflies correlated well with the levels of the erythema-inducing peptide, maxadilan, in their saliva. saliva of brazilian flies was t ... | 1994 | 7972360 |
| development of a rapid latex agglutination test for the detection of visceral leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 7974667 | |
| differential expression of stress proteins in virulent and attenuated promastigotes of leishmania donovani. | induction of stress proteins in response to heat shock and/or ph shock was compared in virulent and attenuated promastigotes of leishmania donovani. the virulent strain showed increased expression of heat shock proteins (hsps) of 110, 83, 70, 65, 40 and 12 kda on heat shock (37 degrees c), while the attenuated form showed increased expression of hsps 83, 70 and 65 only. in response to a low ph (4.5), the virulent promastigotes showed a significantly greater increase in the relative synthesis of ... | 1994 | 7981656 |
| leishmania donovani-infected macrophages: characterization of the parasitophorous vacuole and potential role of this organelle in antigen presentation. | leishmania donovani amastigotes, the etiological agents of visceral leishmaniasis, are obligate intracellular parasites residing in membrane-bound compartments of macrophages called parasitophorous vacuoles (pv). the study of these organelles is of paramount importance to understanding how these parasites resist the microbicidal mechanisms of macrophages and how they escape the immune response of their hosts. confocal microscopy of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages infected with l. donovani ... | 1994 | 7983173 |
| a rapid, single-step purification method for immunogenic members of the hsp 70 family: validation and application. | gelatin affinity chromatography has been developed as a simple one-step procedure for purification of members of the hsp 70 kda family from mdbk cells (a bovine epithelioid cell line), rat liver microsomes and three different protozoan parasites. the ability of the isolated proteins to bind to denatured proteins like gelatin together with their apparent molecular masses, constitutive and inducible expression and their release from gelatin-agarose beads by atp suggested that these proteins are mo ... | 1994 | 7983383 |
| growth inhibition of trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum by different snake venoms: preliminary identification of proteins from cerastes cerastes venom which interact with the parasites. | venom from three different snake species was tested in vitro against the protozoan parasites trypanosoma cruzi and leishmania donovani infantum. two of them, cerastes cerastes and naja haje, exerted a significant growth inhibition of t. cruzi and l. d. infantum parasites. heating of the venoms abolished their activity, suggesting that the active factors are thermolabile. incubation of parasites with 125i-labelled c. cerastes venom proteins allowed preliminary identification of components which i ... | 1994 | 7985193 |
| alteration of pulmonary macrophage function by respiratory syncytial virus infection in vitro. | alveolar macrophages (al) are the first line of defense against inhaled pathogens and are exposed to virus during the course of a respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection. interference of virus with alveolar macrophage functions may contribute to the risk of acquiring secondary bacterial infections during or after respiratory tract infections with rsv or other viral agents. we studied whether murine al get infected with rsv and whether they support viral replication in vitro. in addition, the ... | 1995 | 7995946 |
| isolation of bis-indole alkaloids with antileishmanial and antibacterial activities from peschiera van heurkii (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii). | extracts from leaves and stem bark of peschiera van heurkii (muell. arg.) l. allorge (syn. tabernaemontana van heurkii muell. arg., apocynaceae) have been assayed for antileishmanial and antibacterial activities. the activities were concentrated in the alkaloid fractions which yielded 20 indole and bisindole alkaloids. the strongest leishmanicidal and antibacterial activities were observed with the dimeric alkaloids conodurine (1), n-demethylconodurine (= gabunine) (2), and conoduramine (3). wea ... | 1994 | 7997477 |
| dichotomy of the human t cell response to leishmania antigens. ii. absent or th2-like response to gp63 and th1-like response to lipophosphoglycan-associated protein in cells from cured visceral leishmaniasis patients. | the t cell response to different leishmania donovani antigens was investigated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) from kenyans cured of visceral leishmaniasis and non-exposed danes. crude promastigote and amastigote antigens both induced proliferation and interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) production in pbmc from cured patients, while cells from non-exposed donors gave weak responses. a similar pattern was induced by lipophosphoglycan-associated protein (lpgap). by contrast, the major sur ... | 1994 | 8004810 |
| [the generation of active forms of oxygen by mouse macrophages: the effect of the genotype, immunocytokines and infection]. | in this work the effect of the natural complex of cytokines on the generation of active forms of oxygen (afo) by mouse peritoneal macrophage in different in vivo and in vitro systems were studied. intact mice of various strains were found to have differences in the afo production of their macrophages: balb/c (h-2d) > cba (h-2k) > c57bl/6 (h-2b), as well as in the degree of the prestimulation of the macrophage oxygen metabolism with the complex of cytokines balb/c > cba. the in vivo and in vitro ... | 1994 | 8017135 |
| role and effect of tnf-alpha in experimental visceral leishmaniasis. | tnf-alpha has been implicated in cytokine-induced macrophage activation and tissue granuloma formation, two activities linked to control of intracellular visceral infection caused by leishmania donovani. to determine the role of tnf-alpha in l. donovani-infected balb/c mice, we measured tnf-alpha levels and treated mice with either anti-tnf-alpha antiserum or tnf-alpha. tnf-alpha activity in infected livers was increased by 2.7-fold 2 wk after challenge and by 5.5-fold at wk 8. in parallel, alth ... | 1994 | 8021511 |
| visceral leishmaniasis in angola due to leishmania (leishmania) infantum. | a 26-year-old man from angola with no history of travel outside the country presented with typical symptoms of visceral leishmaniasis. the parasite was isolated and biochemically characterized using both kinetoplast dna and nuclear dna probes and showed a strong homology with leishmania (leishmania) donovani sensu lato (s.l.). when the nuclear dna of the isolate was hybridized with a specific leishmania (l.) infantum probe, the pattern obtained showed a clear signal with this species. to establi ... | 1994 | 8024060 |
| expression of the major surface glycoprotein of leishmania, gp63, in wild-type and sinefungin-resistant promastigotes. | in this study, we have surveyed gp63 expression in sinefungin-(sf)-resistant and wild-type leishmania promastigotes. documentation of gp63 expression in leishmania promastigotes was carried out by western blotting, purification of the protein and assessment of gp63 protease activity. we demonstrated a 3-4-fold and 1.5-2-fold increase of gp63 protein in sf-resistant leishmania donovani and leishmania tropica promastigotes compared to wild-type, respectively. northern blot analysis showed that the ... | 1994 | 8033909 |
| the activity of 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids in balb/c mice infected with leishmania donovani. | potent antileishmanial activity has recently been described in vivo when certain 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids are administered to mice with cutaneous leishmaniasis. we now report the antileishmanial activity of four 2-substituted quinoline alkaloids, namely chimanine d or 2-(1',2'-trans-epoxypropyl) quinoline (i), 2-n-propylquinoline (ii), 2-styrylquinoline (iii) and 2-(2'-hydroxypropyl) quinoline (iv), for experimental treatment of visceral leishmaniasis in infected balb/c mice. subcutaneo ... | 1994 | 8040117 |
| leishmanial glycosomes contain superoxide dismutase. | in this work we report that superoxide dismutase is entrapped in a microbody-like organelle, the glycosome, present in leishmania spp. studies on the sensitivity of the enzyme to various inhibitors indicated that glycosomal superoxide dismutase is predominantly of the cu/zu type. localization of superoxide dismutase in glycosomes points to the major importance of this organelle in the survival of this pathogen, suggesting a new approach towards chemotherapy for leishmaniasis. | 1994 | 8042972 |
| [construction of leishmania donovani genomic library]. | in this report, we described the extraction of l. donovani genomic dna and construction of l. donovani genomic library in order to isolate individual gene and its products that can be the candidate to develop serum diagnostic and protective products for this disease. we prepared l. donovani promastigote genomic dna using the protocols of extracting genomic dna of cultivated cells by centrifugation (15,000 g, 60 min) to get rid of kinetoplast dna. genomic dna was then partially digested with rest ... | 1994 | 8044910 |
| secretion of sucrase by leishmania donovani. | leishmania donovani promastigotes were collected, washed, resuspended in buffer, and assayed for sucrase activity. no activity was observed in the intact washed cells, but activity was measurable when the cells were permeabilized with triton x-100. intracellular sucrase activity was highest in promastigotes grown at ph 7.4, somewhat lower in promastigotes grown at ph 5.5, and significantly lower in "amastigotes" grown at ph 5.5. no trehalase, lactase, or maltase activities were observed. assay o ... | 1994 | 8049686 |