Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| air pollution and its impacts on wheat yield in the pakistan punjab. | a study using open-top chambers ventilated with ambient or charcoal-filtered air in the vicinity of lahore, pakistan, has demonstrated a reduction of 46.7% and 34.8% in the grain yield for two cultivars of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the 6-h daily mean o(3) concentrations were 25-45 nl litre(-1) and on the basis of experience in north america and europe, reductions in yield in the present study are substantially greater than might be predicted. the reasons for this discrepancy are discu ... | 1995 | 15091554 |
| effects of ozone on 14c translocation velocity and growth of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) exposed in open-top chambers. | growth and yield were reduced but (14)c translocation velocity was not affected by increasing levels of ozone in spring wheat exposed in open top chambers to the following treatments: charcoal filtered air (cf), non-filtered ambient air (nf), or nf with addition of 30 microl litre(-1) ozone, 8 h daily (nfo). destructive harvests were performed at anthesis and at maturity. parts of the flag leaf or the second leaf were exposed to (14)co(2) in small cuvettes for 5 min before, during and after anth ... | 1995 | 15091586 |
| modelling stomatal responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) to ozone and different levels of water supply. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. air was charcoal filtered (cf), non-filtered (nf) and cf plus proportional addition of ambient or twice ambient ozone (cf1, cf2). seasonal means of o(3), taken over 24 h, were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 34.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1 and cf2 treatments, respectively. a split-plot design was used to obtain two levels of water supply: one-half of the pots was irrigated ... | 1995 | 15091587 |
| effects of ozone on grain quality of wheat grown in open-top chambers: three years of experimentation. | field trials with winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in open-top chambers and exposed to either ambient filtered (f) or unfiltered (nf) air were carried out for 3 years in northern italy. the experiments were performed at two places, a rural and an urban site in the po plain. the data obtained show no significant difference in protein, starch and glucose contents between the treatments; nevertheless, a tendency towards an increase in glucose and a decrease in starch contents was observed ... | 1994 | 15091646 |
| response of cellular antioxidants to ozone in wheat flag leaves at different stages of plant development. | the effect of ozone (o3) on growth, yield and foliar antioxidants of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was investigated in 1990 and 1991 in braunschweig, germany. plants were grown full-season in pots in open-top chambers ventilated with charcoal-filtered (cf) air to which one or two levels of o3 were added. mean 8 h day(-1) (10.00-18.00 h) o3 concentrations in the cf and cf + o3 treatments were 5.9, 61.2 and 92.5 nl litre(-1) in 1990, and 4.7 and 86.4 nl litre(-1) in 1991. plants th ... | 1994 | 15091719 |
| growth and yield responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) grown in open-top chambers to ozone and water stress. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) cv. turbo was exposed to different levels of ozone and water supply in open-top chambers in 1991. the plants were grown either in charcoal filtered air (cf), not filtered air (nf), in charcoal filtered air with proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf1), or in charcoal filtered air with twice proportional addition of ambient ozone (cf2). the mean seasonal ozone concentrations (24 h mean) were 2.3, 20.6, 17.3, and 24.5 nl litre(-1) for cf, nf, cf1, and cf2 tr ... | 1994 | 15091737 |
| the effects of lead-resistant pseudomonads on the growth of triticum aestivum seedlings under lead stress. | five pseudomonad strains, spb-1, spb-2, spb-3, (from a water sample), spb-4, and spb-5 (from rhizosphere), which could tolerate lead acetate up to 1000 microm ml(-1), were isolated from an industrially polluted area around kasoor, pakistan. only spb-5 harbours a lead-resistant plasmid. triticum aestivum seeds inoculated with strains spb-4 and spb-5 were germinated and grown under different concentrations (0, 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 mm) of lead acetate for ten days. germination and seedling growth we ... | 1993 | 15091828 |
| effects of air filtration on spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers at a rural site. i. effects on growth, yield and dry matter partitioning. | spring wheat, triticum aestivum, was grown in open-top field chambers and exposed during the whole life cycle to filtered and non-filtered ambient air. the relatively low ambient pollution level did affect plant growth but had no effect on the overall grain yield of the two spring wheat cultivars echo (1987) and pelican (1988). a reduced root growth was found in both years which could be attributed mainly to the deposition of no2 and so2. effects on crop development most likely due to ozone were ... | 1992 | 15091971 |
| effects of air filtration on spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers at a rural site. ii. effects on mineral partitioning, sulphur and nitrogen metabolism and on grain quality. | in 1988 the effect of ambient levels of air pollutants on the nutrients status and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. pelican) was investigated by comparing plants grown in open-top chambers (otc) ventilated with ambient air (nf treatments) and charcoal-filtered air (cf treatments) at a rural site (tervuren, belgium). spring wheat cultivated in nf otc showed only minor differences in the p, k, ca, mg, mn and na concentrations of the different plant parts at final harvest, as we ... | 1992 | 15091972 |
| effects of open-top chamber fumigations with ozone on three fungal leaf diseases of wheat and the mycoflora of the phyllosphere. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was exposed in open-top chambers to six different ozone levels (8-h daily means from 12.4 to 122 microg m(-3)), to non-filtered air and to chamberless field conditions for 31 days from seedling stage through ear emergence. powdery mildew (erysiphe graminis dc. f.sp. tritici marchal) which developed during the exposure period was significantly enhanced from 0.3/0.6% (two chamber replicates), 1.2/2.1%, 0.9/2.2% in charcoal-filtered air (cf) to 1.5/1.6% ... | 1991 | 15092102 |
| yield and grain quality of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. drabant) was exposed to different concentrations of ozone in open-top chambers for two growing seasons, 1987 and 1988, at a site located in south-west sweden. the chambers were placed in a field of commercially grown spring wheat. the treatments were charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air plus extra ozone (nf(+)). in 1988, one additional ozone concentration (nf(++)) was used. grain yield was affected by the ozone concentrati ... | 1991 | 15092158 |
| ozone episodes in southern lower saxony (frg) and their impact on the susceptibility of cereals to fungal pathogens. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and spring barley (hordeum vulgare l.) plants were exposed to simulated ozone (o(3)) episodes (7 h day(-1) for 7 days) at maximum concentrations of 120, 180 and 240 microg m(-3) o(3), in comparison to a charcoal-filtered air control. fumigations were conducted in four closed chambers placed in a climate room. exposures took place prior to inoculation of the plants with six different facultative leaf pathogens. on wheat, significant enhancement of leaf attack b ... | 1990 | 15092225 |
| effects of ozone on the grain composition of spring wheat grown in open-top field chambers. | in a three-year study carried out at a rural site in switzerland, spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. albis) was exposed to different levels of ozone (o(3)) in open-top-field chambers from the two-leaf stage until harvest. field plots in ambient air (aa) were used for comparison. grain recovered from the different treatments was analyzed for minerals (ca, mg, k, p), starch, protein, amino acids and alpha-tocopherol, in order to investigate the effect of o(3) on grain composition. chamber-encl ... | 1990 | 15092274 |
| effects of ozone on the yield of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) grown in open-top field chambers. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l., cv. albis) was grown in the field at a site located in central switzerland, and exposed to chronic doses of ozone (o(3)) in open-top chambers to study impacts on yield. the experiment was carried out in 1986, 1987 and 1988. the treatments used included charcoal-filtered air (cf), non-filtered air (nf) and non-filtered air to which constant amounts of o(3) (two levels, o(3)-1 and o(3)-2) were added daily from 09.00 until 17.00 local time. mean solar radiation-w ... | 1989 | 15092381 |
| modeling the impact of ozone x drought interactions on regional crop yields. | the influence of soil moisture stress on crop sensitivity to o3 was evaluated for corn (zea mays l.), cotton (gossypium hirsutum l.), soybean (glycine max l. merr.), and wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the united states. this assessment was accomplished by using yield forecasting models to estimate the influence of soil moisture deficits on regional yield and a previously developed model to predict moisture stress x o3 interactions. reduced crop sensitivity to o3 was predicted for those re ... | 1988 | 15092561 |
| an ozone flux-response relationship for wheat. | six open-top chamber experiments with field-grown wheat triticum aestivum l. (five with spring wheat and one with winter wheat) were combined to test which of the two ozone exposure indices, aot40 and cfo(3), that provided the most consistent relationship between relative yield loss and ozone exposure. aot40 is the accumulated exposure over a threshold ozone concentration of 40 nl l(-1), while cfo(3) is the cumulative flux of ozone (uptake) to the flag leaves. the ozone uptake of the flag leaves ... | 2000 | 15092878 |
| phenological weighting of ozone exposures in the calculation of critical levels for wheat, bean and plantain. | this paper presents phenological weighting factors to be applied to aot40 (accumulated ozone exposure above a threshold of 40 nl l(-1)) ozone exposure-response relationships for crops at different growth stages. the quantification of such factors represents a step-forward in the derivation of level ii critical levels for ozone. the weighting factors presented are derived from published literature on the sensitivity of wheat (triticum aestivum), bean (phaseolus vulgaris) and plantain (plantago ma ... | 2000 | 15092885 |
| interactive effects of elevated ozone and carbon dioxide on growth and yield of leaf rust-infected versus non-infected wheat. | spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. turbo) was grown from seedling emergence to maturity (129 days) in chambers simulating the physical climate and ozone pollution of a field site in northern germany from 1 april to 31 july with a mean 1-h daily maximum of 61.5-62.4 nl l(-1) ozone compared to a constant low level of 21.5-22.8 nl l(-1) ozone. the two ozone levels were combined with either a current (374.1-380.2 microl l(-1)) or enriched (610.6-615.0 microl l(-1)) co(2) atmosphere. additionally ... | 2000 | 15092930 |
| interactive effects of temperature and heavy metal stress on the growth and some biochemical compounds in wheat seedlings. | in this study, the interaction between temperature and heavy metal stress was investigated in two wheat varieties (triticum aestivum l. cv. gerek-79 and bolal-2973). effects of different concentrations of lead and cadmium (0, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg l(-1)) simultaneously applied at various temperatures (8/4, 25/18, 35/26 degrees c day/night) to the seedlings were detected by measuring changes in the plant length, percentage of dry weight, chlorophyll (a, b, a/b), total soluble phenolics, and free p ... | 2000 | 15092977 |
| the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in wheat. | short-term (14)co(2) pulse and chase experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect of ozone on below-ground carbon allocation in spring wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. 'anza'). wheat seedlings were grown in a sand-hydroponic system and exposed to either high ozone (38-40 ppm-h) or low ozone (23-31 ppm-h) for 21 days in a series of replicated experiments. following the ozone exposures, the plants were pulsed with (14)co(2) and allocation of (14)c-labeled photosynthate was me ... | 2000 | 15092992 |
| impacts of ozone on the growth and yield of field-grown winter wheat. | seed of winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv riband) was sown on 29 august 1992 in eight field plots. four plots were exposed to elevated ozone (o(3)) concentrations on 16 days between 29 august and 2 october 1992, for 6 h day(-1), and on 27 days between 29 march and 24 august 1993, for 7 h day(-1). mean daily o(3) concentrations were approximately 30 and 80 nmol mol(-1) in ambient and fumigated plots, respectively. plants were sampled on 5 november (1992), 14 january, 16 february, 1 april, 25 ... | 1999 | 15093060 |
| growth stimulation of triticum aestivum seedlings under cr-stresses by non-rhizospheric pseudomonad strains. | four chromium-resistant non-rhizospheric strains spcr-1, spcr-2, spcr-3 and spcr-4 (pseudomonads), which were isolated from the effluents of an ici paint factory and could tolerate 2-3 mg ml(-1) chromium in a minimal medium and 40 mg ml(-1) in a rich medium, were used to inoculate seeds of triticum aestivum. both inoculated and non-inoculated seeds were germinated and grown under different concentrations of chromium salts (k2cro4, 0, 100, 250, 500; crcl3, 0, 250, 500, 1000 microg ml(-1)). germin ... | 1997 | 15093364 |
| effects of enhanced o3 and co2 enrichment on plant characteristics in wheat and corn. | the effects of co(2) enrichment and o(3) induced stress on wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and corn (zea mays l.) were studied in field experiments using open-top chambers to simulate the atmospheric concentrations of these two gases that are predicted to occur during the coming century. the experiments were conducted at beltsville, md, during 1991 (wheat and corn) and 1992 (wheat). crops were grown under charcoal filtered (cf) air or ambient air + 40 nl liter(-1) o(3) (7 h per day, 5 days per week ... | 1996 | 15093517 |
| thioredoxin reduction alters the solubility of proteins of wheat starchy endosperm: an early event in cereal germination. | a kcl-soluble, albumin/globulin fraction of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) starchy endosperm was further separated into a methanol-insoluble fraction that contained metabolic proteins and a methanol-soluble fraction that contained "chloroform-methanol" or cm-like proteins. reduction of the disulfide bonds of the cm proteins with thioredoxin or dithiothreitol altered their properties so that, like the metabolic proteins, they were insoluble in methanol. glutathione had little effect, indicating dit ... | 2004 | 15111715 |
| ntzip antisense plants show reduced chlorophyll levels. | we have isolated and characterized a new photosynthetic tissue-specific gene ntzip (nicotiana tabacum leucine zipper) from tobacco (n. tabacum). its deduced amino acid sequence has two highly conserved regions, leucine zipper and [ex(n)dexrh](2) motifs, which are related to the gene's biochemical functions. ntzip was expressed in leaves and stems, but was not detected in roots or flowers, suggesting that its physiological functions might be associated with photosynthesis. northern blot analysis ... | 2004 | 15120117 |
| rapid genome evolution revealed by comparative sequence analysis of orthologous regions from four triticeae genomes. | bread wheat (triticum aestivum) is an allohexaploid species, consisting of three subgenomes (a, b, and d). to study the molecular evolution of these closely related genomes, we compared the sequence of a 307-kb physical contig covering the high molecular weight (hmw)-glutenin locus from the a genome of durum wheat (triticum turgidum, aabb) with the orthologous regions from the b genome of the same wheat and the d genome of the diploid wheat aegilops tauschii (anderson et al., 2003; kong et al., ... | 2004 | 15122014 |
| [inheritance of heading date in crosses of wheat cultivar responsiveness to light intensity]. | the inheritance of heading date has been studied in crosses of spring bread wheat cultivars differing in their reaction to various light intensities. the parental cultivars were similar in their vrn and ppd gene systems and differed in heading dates. domination of higher reaction to light intensity has been shown in f1 on duration of "ear emergence-heading" period. analysis of f2 populations has shown the identity of earliness per se genetic systems in novosibirskaya 22 and ordynskaya cultivars. ... | 2008 | 15131962 |
| in silico physical mapping software for the triticum aestivum genome. | the large size of the triticum aestivum genome makes it unlikely that a complete genome sequence for wheat will be available in the near future. exploiting the conserved genome organization between wheat and rice and existing genomic resources, we have constructed in silico physical mapping software for wheat, assigning a gross physical location(s) into chromosome bins to 22,626 representative wheat gene sequences. to validate the predictions from the software we compared the predicted locations ... | 2004 | 15133717 |
| [comparative studies on proteins of cytoplasmic male-sterile wheat and its maintainer by 2d-page in triticum aestivum]. | by using 2d-page techniques, protein compositions have been studied at different developmental stage leaf (seedling, tillering, shooting and booting stages) and pollen mother cells (pmc) (meiotic, 1-nucleus and 2-3 nuclei stages) in male sterile wheat and its maintainer. the results indicated that a specific protein (33kd/pi6.3) identified at the shooting and booting stage leaves in male-sterile wheat, but this protein species has not been identified in the male fertile wheat. four protein speci ... | 2004 | 15133897 |
| study of simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers from wheat expressed sequence tags (ests). | the increasing availability of expressed sequence tags (ests) in wheat ( triticum aestivum) and related cereals provides a valuable resource of non-anonymous dna molecular markers. we examined 170,746 wheat ests from the public (international triticeae est cooperative) and génoplante databases, previously clustered in contigs, for the presence of di- to hexanucleotide simple sequence repeats (ssrs). analysis of 46,510 contigs identified 3,530 ssrs, which represented 7.5% of the total number of c ... | 0 | 15146317 |
| cloning and expression of pinb gene from triticum monococum seeds. | puroindolines (pin) are low molecular weight, cysteine-rich, endosperm-specific, basic proteins with a unique tryptophan-rich domain found in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and barley (hordeum vulgare l.) as well as other members of triticaceae. pins appear to be involved in both flour softness as well as resistance against fungal diseases. these proteins are known to be the major components of 'friabilin' associated with the surface of water washed starch grains and possess lipid binding properti ... | 2003 | 15151287 |
| economic impact of hessian fly (diptera: cecidomyiidae) on spring wheat in oregon and additive yield losses with fusarium crown rot and lesion nematode. | damage caused by hessian fly, mayetiola destructor (say), was quantified in spring wheat, triticum aestivum l., trials near pendleton and moro, or, during 2001 and 2002. five field experiments were established to examine genetic resistance to fusarium crown rot, fusarium pseudograminearum (o'donnell & aoki), and economic damage by lesion nematode, pratylenchus neglectus (rensch, 1924) (filipjev schuurmanns & stekhoven, 1941) and pratylenchus thornei (sher & allen, 1941). hessian fly became the d ... | 2004 | 15154461 |
| phenotypic mechanisms of host resistance against greenbug (homoptera: aphididae) revealed by near isogenic lines of wheat. | interactions between biotype e greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rondani), and wheat, triticum aestivum l., were investigated using resistant and susceptible near isogenic lines of the greenbug resistance gene gb3. in an antixenosis test, the greenbugs preferred susceptible plants to resistant ones when free choice of hosts was allowed. aphid feeding resulted in quick and severe damage to susceptible plants, which seemed to follow a general pattern spatially and was affected by the position where t ... | 2004 | 15154495 |
| from individual leaf elongation to whole shoot leaf area expansion: a comparison of three aegilops and two triticum species. | rapid leaf area expansion is a desirable trait in the early growth stages of cereal crops grown in low-rainfall areas. in this study, the traits associated with inherent variation in early leaf area expansion rates have been investigated in two wheat species (triticum aestivum and t. durum) and three of its wild relatives (aegilops umbellulata, a. caudata and a. tauschii) to find out whether the aegilops species have a faster leaf area expansion in their early developmental stage than some of th ... | 2004 | 15155374 |
| intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat cultivars to enhanced uv-b radiation under field conditions. | field studies were conducted to determine the potential for intraspecific responses in grain quality of 10 wheat (triticum aestivum) cultivars to enhanced ultraviolet-b (uv-b, 280-315 nm) radiation. the plants were exposed to 5 kjm(-2) supplemental uv-b radiation, simulating a depletion of 20% stratospheric ozone. in wheat cultivars tested, intraspecific responses in 16 amino acid contents and total amino acid contents in grains were found. out of tested wheat cultivars, dali 905, mianyang 20, w ... | 2004 | 15157904 |
| a physically anchored genetic map and linkage to avirulence reveals recombination suppression over the proximal region of hessian fly chromosome a2. | resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum) to the hessian fly (mayetiola destructor), a major insect pest of wheat, is based on a gene-for-gene interaction. close linkage (3 +/- 2 cm) was discovered between hessian fly avirulence genes vh3 and vh5. bulked segregant analysis revealed two dna markers (28-178 and 23-201) within 10 cm of these loci and only 3 +/- 2 cm apart. however, 28-178 was located in the middle of the short arm of hessian fly chromosome a2 whereas 23-201 was located in the middle ... | 2004 | 15166159 |
| structural basis for inhibition of aspergillus niger xylanase by triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i. | plants developed a diverse battery of defense mechanisms in response to continual challenges by a broad spectrum of pathogenic microorganisms. their defense arsenal includes inhibitors of cell wall-degrading enzymes, which hinder a possible invasion and colonization by antagonists. the structure of triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor-i (taxi-i), a first member of potent taxi-type inhibitors of fungal and bacterial family 11 xylanases, has been determined to 1.7-a resolution. surprisingly, taxi- ... | 2004 | 15166216 |
| cold hardiness of wheat near-isogenic lines differing in vernalization alleles. | four major genes in wheat (triticum aestivum l.), with the dominant alleles designated vrn-a1, vrn-b1, vrn-d1, and vrn4, are known to have large effects on the vernalization response, but the effects on cold hardiness are ambiguous. near-isogenic experimental lines (nils) in a triple dirk (td) genetic background with different vernalization alleles were evaluated for cold hardiness. although td is homozygous dominant for vrn-a1 (formerly vrn1) and vrn-b1 (formerly vrn2), four of the lines are ea ... | 2004 | 15168023 |
| accumulation of 1,3-beta-d-glucans, in response to aluminum and cytosolic calcium in triticum aestivum. | one of the most rapid responses to aluminum (al) stress in plants is enhanced synthesis and deposition of 1,3-beta-d-glucans (callose) in root tips. ironically, al-induced synthesis and deposition of callose occurs in vivo, despite evidence from in vitro systems that suggests that al is a powerful inhibitor of 1,3-beta-d-glucan synthase. we set out to test the hypothesis that an al-induced increase in the activity of free calcium in the cytoplasm ([ca(2+)](cyt)) is the trigger for enhanced synth ... | 2004 | 15169936 |
| aluminum targets elongating cells by reducing cell wall extensibility in wheat roots. | phytotoxicity of aluminum is characterized by a rapid inhibition of root elongation at micromolar concentrations, however, the mechanisms primarily responsible for this response are not well understood. we investigated the effect of al on the viscosity and elasticity parameters of root cell wall by a creep-extension analysis in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) differing in al resistance. the root elongation and both viscous and elastic extensibility of cell wall of the root apices w ... | 2004 | 15169940 |
| [inheritance of stability of mn81330 common wheat samples to septoria blotch]. | wheat samples described in literature as resistant to septoria glume blotch were assessed for their response to inoculation with septoria nodorum berk. three days after inoculation with the infectious agent, samples klein titan (k-41772), mian jang (k-61568), walter (k-54585), reisler (k-59505), rempart (k-59493), pin/bow (k-62838), mn81330 (k-60785), frondoso (k-46736), sokrates (k-58179) were classified as resistant to infection. seven days after inoculation, only samples reisler and mian jang ... | 2004 | 15174291 |
| [localization of fibrillarin, 53 kda protein and ag-nor proteins in the nuclei of giant antipodal cells of the wheat triticum aestivum]. | distribution of nucleolar argentophylic proteins, fibrillarin and 53 kda protein, in highly polyploid nuclei of antipodal cells of triticum aestivum l. was studied at different stages of the embryo sac development. the main results are as follows. 1. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin form clusters are distributed in the giant nucleoli, whereas 53 kda protein is mainly localized on the nucleolar periphery. ag-nor proteins and fibrillarin are accumulated as globular nucleolar-like particles--micronu ... | 2004 | 15174351 |
| the dual nature of the wheat xylanase protein inhibitor xip-i: structural basis for the inhibition of family 10 and family 11 xylanases. | the xylanase inhibitor protein i (xip-i) from wheat triticum aestivum is the prototype of a novel class of cereal protein inhibitors that inhibit fungal xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase families 10 (gh10) and 11 (gh11). the crystal structures of xip-i in complex with aspergillus nidulans (gh10) and penicillium funiculosum (gh11) xylanases have been solved at 1.7 and 2.5 a resolution, respectively. the inhibition strategy is novel because xip-i possesses two independent enzyme-binding s ... | 2004 | 15181003 |
| maintaining exponential growth, solution conductivity, and solution ph in low-ionic-strength solution culture using a computer-controlled nutrient delivery system. | studies of plant nutrient requirements in solution culture have often used nutrient concentrations many-fold higher than levels found in fertile soils, creating an artificial rooting environment that can alter patterns of nutrient acquisition. the relative addition rate (rar) technique addresses this problem by providing nutrients in exponentially increasing quantities to plant roots in solution culture. a computer-controlled rar nutrient delivery system has been developed to reduce workload and ... | 2004 | 15181105 |
| stress-induced expression in wheat of the arabidopsis thaliana dreb1a gene delays water stress symptoms under greenhouse conditions. | one of the major environmental factors limiting plant productivity is lack of water. this is especially true for the major cereals maize, rice, and wheat, which demonstrate a range of susceptibility to moisture deficit. although conventional breeding and marker-assisted selection are being used to develop varieties more tolerant to water stress, these methods are time and resource consuming and germplasm dependent. genetic engineering is attractive because of its potential to improve abiotic str ... | 2004 | 15190366 |
| phylogeny and expression of paralogous and orthologous sulphate transporter genes in diploid and hexaploid wheats. | twelve genes encoding two closely related subtypes (st1.1a and st1.1b) of a sulphate transporter have been identified in the diploid wheats aegilops tauschii, triticum urartu, and aegilops speltoides, as well as the hexaploid triticum aestivum. based on phylogenetic comparisons with other plant sulphate transporters, the st1.1a and 1.1b subtypes aligned with group 1 of the plant sulphate transporter gene family. the exon-intron structure was conserved within the st1.1a or st1.1b genes; however, ... | 2004 | 15190370 |
| photosynthetic pigment composition and photosystem ii photochemistry of wheat ears. | the characteristics of pigment composition and photosystem ii (psii) photochemistry in the flag leaf and ear parts of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) grown in the field was compared. at the early stage of flowering, awns and the flag leaf showed the highest values in the maximal efficiency of psii photochemistry (fv/fm), actual psii efficiency (phi(psii)), photochemical quenching (qp), and the efficiency of excitation capture by open psii centres (fv/f'm), followed by glumes, lemmas, and paleae, re ... | 2004 | 15191742 |
| [preliminary gene-mapping of photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterility in wheat (triticum aestivum l.)]. | the photoperiod-temperature sensitive genic male sterile (ptsgms) line in wheat is important for the utilization of heterosis. the wheat line, bau3338, is an excellent ptsgms material identified in the recent years. in this study, its ptsgms genes were mapped using molecular markers, ssr and issr. the result of molecular analysis showed that the two ptsgms loci were identified and designated as ptms1 and ptms2, respectively. in addition, the genetic effect analysis indicated that the locus effec ... | 2004 | 15195570 |
| a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique combining dapi staining with image analysis in plants. | in this study, a new chromosome fluorescence banding technique was developed in plants. the technique combined 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (dapi) staining with software analysis including three-dimensional imaging after deconvolution. clear multiple and adjacent dapi bands like g-bands were obtained by this technique in the tested species including hordeum vulgare l., oryza officinalis, wall & watt, triticum aestivum l., lilium brownii, brown, and vicia faba l. during mitotic metaphase, the nu ... | 2004 | 15197560 |
| est derived ssr markers for comparative mapping in wheat and rice. | structural and functional relationships between the genomes of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) (2n=6x=42) and rice (oryza sativa l.) (2n=2x=24) were evaluated using linkage maps supplemented with simple sequence repeat (ssr) loci obtained from publicly available expressed sequence tags (ests). est-ssr markers were developed using two main strategies to design primers for each gene: (1) primer design for multiple species based on supercluster analysis, and (2) species-specific primer desi ... | 2004 | 15197579 |
| widespread paleopolyploidy in model plant species inferred from age distributions of duplicate genes. | it is often anticipated that many of today's diploid plant species are in fact paleopolyploids. given that an ancient large-scale duplication will result in an excess of relatively old duplicated genes with similar ages, we analyzed the timing of duplication of pairs of paralogous genes in 14 model plant species. using est contigs (unigenes), we identified pairs of paralogous genes in each species and used the level of synonymous nucleotide substitution to estimate the relative ages of gene dupl ... | 2004 | 15208399 |
| compared use of hplc and fzce for cluster analysis of triticum spp and for the identification of t. durum adulteration. | wheat quality criteria continually evolve in response to market pressure and consumer preference. characterization of cereal cultivars for quality and agronomic properties, have widely shown the importance of the protein content to ensure good quality products. the aim of this work is a comparison of reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (rp-hplc) and free zone capillary electrophoresis (fzce) in the identification of italian wheat cultivars and detection of durum wheat flour adu ... | 2004 | 15212451 |
| gluten of spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subspecies spelta) as a source of peptides promoting viability and product yield of mouse hybridoma cell cultures. | the enzymic hydrolysate of gluten from spelt wheat (triticum aestivum subsp. spelta), an ancient protein-rich wheat subspecies, was subjected to repeated chromatography runs on the small pore size exclusion chromatography matrix, biogel p-2. two small peptide fractions were purified by rechromatography. the amino acid analyses carried out upon total hydrolysis of these fractions have shown a very high proportion of glutamic acid/glutamine, leucine, and methionine. the biological activity of the ... | 2004 | 15212453 |
| antioxidants, free radicals, storage proteins, puroindolines, and proteolytic activities in bread wheat (triticum aestivum) seeds during accelerated aging. | seeds of bread wheat were incubated at 40 degrees c and 100% relative humidity for 0, 3, 4, 6, and 10 days. the effects of accelerated aging on seed germinability and some biochemical properties of flour (carotenoid, free radical, and protein contents and proteolytic activity) and gluten (free radical content and flexibility) were investigated. seed germinability decreased during aging, resulting in seed death after 10 days. a progressive decrease of carotenoid content, in particular, lutein, wa ... | 2004 | 15212480 |
| impact of inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in wheat flour breadmaking. | a bacillus subtilis endoxylanase (xbs(i)) sensitive to inhibition by triticum aestivum l. endoxylanase inhibitor (taxi) and a mutant thereof (xbs(ni)), uninhibited by taxi, were used in straight-dough breadmaking to assess the importance of endoxylanase inhibition sensitivity on endoxylanase functionality in the process. with two european wheat flours, the loaf volume improving effect of xbs(ni) at much lower enzyme dosages was substantially larger than that brought about by xbs(i). this coincid ... | 2004 | 15212483 |
| aneuploid analyses of three chlorophyll abnormalities in emmer wheat. | of the various chlorophyll abnormalities that occur in polyploid wheats, genetic bases of only two types, chlorina and virescence, are known. here, for the first time, the chromosomal bases of three other chlorophyll abnormalities, striato-virescence, delayed virescence, and albino, which occur in emmer wheat (2n = 4x = 28, genome constitution aabb) are reported. a set of disomic substitution lines of langdon durum was used for chromosome identification. all three abnormalities are controlled by ... | 2004 | 15215675 |
| proteomic characterization of herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii seedlings. | proteomic methods such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, as well as immunoblotting, were used to identify herbicide safener-induced proteins in the coleoptile of triticum tauschii, a diploid wheat containing the d genome also found in the cultivated, hexaploid wheat triticum aestivum. the herbicide safener fluxofenim dramatically increased protein abundance in the molecular weight (m(r)) range of 24 to 30 kda, as well as a few higher m(r) ... | 2004 | 15221767 |
| reduced biodegradation of benzonitrile in soil containing wheat-residue-derived ash. | burning of crop residues is a common agricultural practice that incorporates the resulting particulate matter (ash) of high adsorptivity into soils. to investigate the effect of ash on the biodegradation of pesticides in soils, we measured the sorption, desorption, and biodegradation of benzonitrile in a silt loam in the presence and absence of an ash resulting from burning of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue. biodegradation experiments were conducted by inoculating sorbent slurries with a p ... | 2004 | 15224922 |
| uncertainty and sensitivity analysis of spatial predictions of heavy metals in wheat. | heavy metals seriously threaten the health of human beings when they enter the food chain. therefore, policymakers require precise predictions of heavy metal concentrations in agricultural crops. in this paper we quantify the uncertainty of regression predictions of cd and pb in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and the contributions to the uncertainties in these predictions associated with inputs to the regression model. for each node of the 500- x 500-m grid covering the arable soils in the netherl ... | 2004 | 15224924 |
| activities of key enzymes in sucrose-to-starch conversion in wheat grains subjected to water deficit during grain filling. | this study tested the hypothesis that a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum) could accelerate grain-filling rate through regulating the key enzymes involved in suc-to-starch pathway in the grains. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were field grown. well-watered and water-deficit (wd) treatments were imposed from 9 dpa until maturity. the wd promoted the reallocation of prefixed 14c from the stems to grains, shortened the grain-filling period, and in ... | 2004 | 15235118 |
| sequence polymorphism in polyploid wheat and their d-genome diploid ancestor. | sequencing was used to investigate the origin of the d genome of the allopolyploid species triticum aestivum and aegilops cylindrica. a 247-bp region of the wheat d-genome xwye838 locus, encoding adp-glucopyrophosphorylase, and a 326-bp region of the wheat d-genome gss locus, encoding granule-bound starch synthase, were sequenced in a total 564 lines of hexaploid wheat (t. aestivum, genome aabbdd) involving all its subspecies and 203 lines of aegilops tauschii, the diploid source of the wheat d ... | 2004 | 15238542 |
| advanced backcross qtl analysis in progenies derived from a cross between a german elite winter wheat variety and a synthetic wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | we report here the second advanced backcross quantitative trait locus (ab-qtl) analysis carried out in winter wheat. seven agronomic traits were studied in a bc2f1 population derived from a cross between the german winter wheat variety flair and the synthetic wheat line xx86 developed in japan. we selected 111 bc2f1 lines and genotyped these with 197 microsatellite markers. field data for seven agronomic traits were collected from corresponding bc2f3 families that were grown at up to six locatio ... | 2004 | 15243706 |
| evolution and function of the sucrose-phosphate synthase gene families in wheat and other grasses. | suc-phosphate synthase (sps) is a key regulatory enzyme in the pathway of suc biosynthesis and has been linked to quantitative trait loci controlling plant growth and yield. in dicotyledonous plants there are three sps gene families: a, b, and c. here we report the finding of five families of sps genes in wheat (triticum aestivum) and other monocotyledonous plants from the family poaceae (grasses). three of these form separate subfamilies within the previously described a, b, and c gene families ... | 2004 | 15247374 |
| phloem import and storage metabolism are highly coordinated by the low oxygen concentrations within developing wheat seeds. | we studied the influence of the internal oxygen concentration in seeds of wheat (triticum aestivum) on storage metabolism and its relation to phloem import of nutrients. wheat seeds that were developing at ambient oxygen (21%) were found to be hypoxic (2.1%). altering the oxygen supply by decreasing or increasing the external oxygen concentration induced parallel changes in the internal oxygen tension. however, the decrease in internal concentration was proportionally less than the reduction in ... | 2004 | 15247408 |
| preferential flow of bromide, bentazon, and imidacloprid in a dutch clay soil. | leaching to ground water and tile drains are important parts of the environmental assessment of pesticides. the aims of the present study were to (i) assess the significance of preferential flow for pesticide leaching under realistic worst-case conditions for dutch agriculture (soil profile with thick clay layer and high rainfall) and (ii) collect a high-quality data set that is suitable for testing pesticide leaching models. the movement of water, bromide, and the pesticides bentazon [3-isoprop ... | 2017 | 15254130 |
| mitochondria are the main target for oxidative damage in leaves of wheat (triticum aestivum l.). | photosynthesis, respiration, and other processes produce reactive oxygen species (ros) that can cause oxidative modifications to proteins, lipids, and dna. the production of ros increases under stress conditions, causing oxidative damage and impairment of normal metabolism. in this work, oxidative damage to various subcellular compartments (i.e. chloroplasts, mitochondria, and peroxisomes) was studied in two cultivars of wheat differing in ascorbic acid content, and growing under good irrigation ... | 2004 | 15258167 |
| identification and genetic characterization of an aegilops tauschii ortholog of the wheat leaf rust disease resistance gene lr1. | aegilops tauschii (goat grass) is the progenitor of the d genome in hexaploid bread wheat. we have screened more than 200 ae. tauschii accessions for resistance against leaf rust (puccinia triticina) isolates,which are avirulent on the leaf rust resistance gene lrl. approximately 3.5% of the ae. tauschii accessions displayed the same low infection type as the tester line thatcher lrl. the accession tr.t. 213, which showed resistance after artificial infection with lrl isolates both in mexico and ... | 2004 | 15258740 |
| effect of zinc fertilization on cadmium toxicity in durum and bread wheat grown in zinc-deficient soil. | the effect of increasing application of zinc (zn) and cadmium (cd) on shoot dry weight and shoot concentrations of zn and cd was studied in bread and durum wheat cultivars. plants were grown in severely zn-deficient calcareous soil treated with increasing zn (0 and 10 mg kg(-1) soil) and cd (0, 10 and 25 mg kg(-1) soil) and harvested after 35 and 65 days of growth under greenhouse conditions. growing plants without zn fertilization caused severe depression in shoot growth, especially in durum wh ... | 2004 | 15261409 |
| antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a cucumis melo lc. extract rich in superoxide dismutase activity. | the present study was conducted to evaluate in vitro and in vivo the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a cantaloupe melon (cucumis melo lc., cucurbitaceae) extract (cme) selected for its high superoxide dismutase activity. peritoneal macrophages were pre-activated in vitro with 300 iu of interferon-gamma (ifn-gamma) and were then challenged in culture with iggl/anti-igg1 immune complexes (igg1ic) in presence of various cme extracts. the subsequent production of free radicals (super ... | 2004 | 15261965 |
| spelt (triticum spelta l.) and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) wholemeals have similar sterol profiles, as determined by quantitative liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry analysis. | from a nutritional point of view, cereal lipids include valuable molecules, such as essential fatty acids, phytosterols, and fat-soluble vitamins. spelt (triticum spelta l.) is an alternative hulled bread cereal mostly grown in belgium, where it is mainly intended for animal feed but should increasingly be used for human consumption. the present research focused on phytosterol quantification by lc/apci-ms2 in saponified wholemeal extracts of 16 dehulled spelt and 5 winter wheat (triticum aestivu ... | 2004 | 15264918 |
| [construction of immune lines with complex resistance to leaf rust and powdery mildew in common spring wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29]. | immune lines resistant both to leaf rust and to powdery mildew were constructed on the basis of common wheat cultivar saratovskaya 29. synthetic wheat triticum timopheevii/aegilops squarrosa (aaggdd, 2n = 42) of savov (bulgaria) was used as a source of resistance genes. using cytological analysis of bc2, we selected resistant plants (21") free from meiosis 1 (m1) defects. with these plants and continuous selection, bc8-bc9 immune lines were obtained. the lines were shown to carry new resistance ... | 2004 | 15272560 |
| [expression of fertility during morphogenesis in self-pollinated backcrossed progenies of barley-wheat amphiploids]. | the fertility characteristics expressed during morphogenesis in first-generation self-pollinated backcrossed progenies (bc1) obtained from amphiploid barley-wheat hybrids [hordeum geniculatum all. (2n = 28) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42)] (2n = 70) backcrossed with common wheat were studied. it was found that, in the case of self-pollination of bc1 plants, karyotype stabilization leads to the formation of alloplasmic euploid (2n = 42), telocentric substitution (2n = 40 + 2t), and telocentric a ... | 2004 | 15272561 |
| [phylogenetic relationships and intraspecific variation of d-genome aegilops l. as revealed by rapd analysis]. | rapd analysis was carried out to study the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of polyploid aegilops species, which contain the d genome as a component of the alloploid genome, and diploid aegilops tauschii, which is a putative donor of the d genome for common wheat. in total, 74 accessions of six d-genome aegilops species were examined. the highest intraspecific variation (0.03-0.21) was observed for ae. tauschii. intraspecific distances between accessions ranged 0.007-0.067 in ae. ... | 2004 | 15272562 |
| ph-dependence of pesticide adsorption by wheat-residue-derived black carbon. | the potential of black carbon as an adsorbent for pesticides in soils may be strongly influenced by the properties of the adsorbent and pesticides and by the environmental conditions. this study evaluated the effect of ph on the adsorption of diuron, bromoxynil, and ametryne by a wheat (triticum aestivum l.) residue derived black carbon (wc) as compared to a commercial activated carbon (ac). the ph drift method indicated that wc had a point of zero charge of 4.2, much lower than that of 7.8 for ... | 2004 | 15274579 |
| field evaluation of emmer wheat-derived synthetic hexaploid wheat for resistance to russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae). | broadening the genetic base for resistance to russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko) (homoptera: aphididae), in bread wheat, triticum aestivum l., is desirable. to date, identified russian wheat aphid resistance genes are either located to the d chromosomes or to rye translocation of wheat, and resistance derived from the a or b genomes of tetraploid triticum spp. would therefore be highly beneficial. fifty-eight synthetic hexaploid wheat, derived from interspecific crosses of triticum ... | 2004 | 15279292 |
| effect of different temperature on starch synthase activity in excised grains of wheat cultivars. | excised grains of wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties hd 2285 (relatively tolerant) and hd 2329 (susceptible type) were incubated for 1 hr at 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c. in an another treatment, excised grains were incubated for 1 hr at increasing temperature (15 degrees, 25 degrees, 35 degrees and 45 degrees c) continuously, thus exposing the grains to gradual rise in temperature. the above treated grains were then analysed for the activity of soluble starch synthase (s ... | 2004 | 15282961 |
| regeneration of somatic hybrids in relation to the nuclear and cytoplasmic genomes of wheat and setaria italica. | somatic hybridization via peg (polyethylene 6000)-mediated protoplast fusion was achieved between two different wheat culture lines (triticum aestivum l., "jinan"177, t1 and t2) and setaria italica (l.) p. beauv. the t1 recipient originated from non-regenerable long-term cell suspensions, while t2 was derived from embryogenic calli with a high regeneration capacity. donor protoplasts were obtained from embryogenic calli of s. italica (s) (with low regeneration capacity) irradiated with different ... | 2004 | 15284872 |
| colocation between a gene encoding the bzip factor spa and an eqtl for a high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit in wheat (triticum aestivum). | the quality of wheat grain is largely determined by the quantity and composition of storage proteins (prolamins) and depends on mechanisms underlying the regulation of expression of prolamin genes. the endosperm-specific wheat basic region leucine zipper (bzip) factor storage protein activator (spa) is a positive regulator that binds to the promoter of a prolamin gene. the aim of this study was to map spa (the gene encoding bzip factor spa) and genomic regions associated with quantitative variat ... | 2004 | 15284875 |
| a direct repeat sequence associated with the centromeric retrotransposons in wheat. | a high-density bac filter of triticum monococcum was screened for the presence of a centromeric retrotransposon using the integrase region as a probe. southern hybridization to the bac digests using total genomic dna probes of triticum monococcum, triticum aestivum, and hordeum vulgare detected differentially hybridizing restriction fragments between wheat and barley. the fragments that hybridized to genomic dna of wheat but not to that of barley were subcloned. fluorescence in situ hybridizatio ... | 2004 | 15284880 |
| the use of microsatellite markers for the detection of genetic similarity among winter bread wheat lines for chromosome 3a. | previous studies with chromosome substitution and recombinant inbred chromosome lines identified that chromosome 3a of wheat cv. wichita contains alleles that influence grain yield, yield components and agronomic performance traits relative to alleles on chromosome 3a of cheyenne, a cultivar believed to be the founder parent of many nebraska developed cultivars. this study was carried out to examine the genetic similarity among wheat cultivars based on the variation in chromosome 3a. forty-eight ... | 2004 | 15290051 |
| activities of fructan- and sucrose-metabolizing enzymes in wheat stems subjected to water stress during grain filling. | this study investigated if a controlled water deficit during grain filling of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) could accelerate grain filling by facilitating the remobilization of carbon reserves in the stem through regulating the enzymes involved in fructan and sucrose metabolism. two high lodging-resistant wheat cultivars were grown in pots and treated with either a normal (nn) or high amount of nitrogen (hn) at heading time. plants were either well-watered (ww) or water-stressed (ws) from 9 days ... | 2004 | 15290295 |
| synthesis of antioxidants in wheat sprouts. | aqueous and ethanolic extracts from wheat (triticum aestivum) sprout powder were analyzed to determine its reduction and antioxidant activities. mean and standard deviation of five independent samples were reported. the results showed that the micromoles of potassium ferricyanide reduced by aqueous and ethanolic extracts corresponding to 1 g of sprout powder (80.6 +/- 11.2 and 9.7 +/- 1.8, respectively) were higher than that reduced by 1 mg of other reducing compounds: ascorbic acid, rutin, quer ... | 2004 | 15291497 |
| high-level expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant wheat xylanase inhibitor taxi-i secreted by the yeast pichia pastoris. | triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i (taxi-i) is a wheat protein that inhibits microbial xylanases belonging to glycoside hydrolase family 11. in the present study, recombinant taxi-i (rtaxi-i) was successfully produced by the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris at high expression levels (approximately 75 mg/l). the rtaxi-i protein was purified from the p. pastoris culture medium using cation exchange and gel filtration chromatographic steps. rtaxi-i has an iso-electric point of at least 9.3 ... | 2004 | 15294279 |
| a novel auxin conjugate hydrolase from wheat with substrate specificity for longer side-chain auxin amide conjugates. | this study investigates how the ilr1-like indole acetic acid (iaa) amidohydrolase family of genes has functionally evolved in the monocotyledonous species wheat (triticum aestivum). an ortholog for the arabidopsis iar3 auxin amidohydrolase gene has been isolated from wheat (taiar3). the taiar3 protein hydrolyzes negligible levels of iaa-ala and no other iaa amino acid conjugates tested, unlike its ortholog iar3. instead, taiar3 has low specificity for the ester conjugates iaa-glc and iaa-myoinos ... | 2004 | 15299127 |
| crystallization and preliminary crystallographic studies of alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat (triticum aestivum). | crystals of the human salivary alpha-amylase inhibitor from wheat have been obtained. a native data set was collected to 2.1 a resolution with 90% completeness at laboratory sources. the crystals belong to the trigonal system, space group p3(1) (or enantiomer) with a = b = 79.31, c = 60.56 a. crystal density analysis and self-rotation function studies suggest the presence of four subunits in the asymmetric unit. | 1996 | 15299612 |
| mapping of 99 new microsatellite-derived loci in rye (secale cereale l.) including 39 expressed sequence tags. | the genetic map of rye contains predominantly restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) markers but also a limited number of microsatellite markers, which are known to be more reliable and easier to apply. we report here the saturation of the genomic map of rye with additional microsatellite-derived markers that we obtained from the rye expressed sequence tag (est) databases and the gatersleben collection of wheat microsatellite markers (wms). a total of 99 loci (39 est and 60 wms) were ma ... | 2004 | 15300380 |
| the effect of different spray liquids on the foliar retention of agricultural sprays by wheat plants in a canopy. | the aim of this work was to examine the effect of liquid properties on spray retention in a range of situations representative of practical pesticide application. liquids with different physical properties were sprayed with conventional flat-fan and air-induction nozzles onto outdoor-grown wheat plants (triticum aestivum l cv axona) at growth stages between gs 22 and gs 35. since total retention is affected by leaf surface as well as plant growth stage and canopy density, the experiments include ... | 2004 | 15307670 |
| molecular genetic mapping of gby, a new greenbug resistance gene in bread wheat. | the greenbug, schizaphis graminum (rhodani),is one of the major insect pests of wheat worldwide and it is important to develop a basic understanding of the chromosomal locations of known and new greenbug resistance genes. gby is a new greenbug resistance gene in the wheat line 'sando's selection 4040'. a mapping population used in this study was derived from a cross of sando's 4040 and pi220127, a greenbug susceptible wheat land race from afghanistan. a progeny test indicated that gby is inherit ... | 2004 | 15309299 |
| application of a new pcr primer for terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the bacterial communities in plant roots. | contamination with plastid small subunit (ssu) rdna is a major drawback when analyzing the bacterial communities of plant roots using culture-independent methods. in this study, a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) primer, 783r, was designed and tested to specifically amplify the ssu rdna of various bacterial species without amplifying the ssu rdna of plant plastids. to confirm how useful the community analysis of rhizobacteria is using 783r, the terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t ... | 2004 | 15325755 |
| specific detection of fusarium langsethiae and related species by dgge and arms-pcr of a beta-tubulin (tub1) gene fragment. | fusarium langsethiae was recently described as a new toxigenic fusarium species, which morphologically resembles fusarium poae, but exhibits a mycotoxin pattern related to fusarium sporotrichioides. to develop tools for early and specific detection of f. langsethiae and distinguishing it from related species of section sporotrichiella and discolor (f. poae, f. sporotrichioides, fusarium kyushuense, fusarium robustum, fusarium sambucinum and fusarium tumidum) sequence variations in their beta-tub ... | 2004 | 15337597 |
| a cytogenetic method for stacking gene pairs in common wheat. | the potential for non-reciprocal robertsonian translocations of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to assist in the stacking of genes was assessed from a study of their cytological and genetic behaviour. to obtain translocations, a double monosomic (3b+5a; 2n=40=19ii+2i) was crossed reciprocally with a contrasting disomic. individuals inheriting a broken monosome were identified from the loss of one arm-specific dna marker coupled with retention of a marker for the opposite arm. no double breaks (pote ... | 2004 | 15338132 |
| genome-specific primer sets for starch biosynthesis genes in wheat. | common wheat (triticum aestivum l.,2n=6x=42) is an allohexaploid composed of three closely related genomes, designated a, b, and d. genetic analysis in wheat is complicated, as most genes are present in triplicated sets located in the same chromosomal regions of homoeologous chromosomes. the goal of this report was to use genomic information gathered from wheat-rice sequence comparison to develop genome-specific primer sets for five genes involved in starch biosynthesis. intron locations in whea ... | 2004 | 15340684 |
| dissemination of the highly expressed bx7 glutenin subunit (glu-b1al allele) in wheat as revealed by novel pcr markers and rp-hplc. | increased expression of the high molecular weight glutenin subunit (hmw-gs) bx7 is associated with improved dough strength of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) flour. several cultivars and landraces of widely different genetic backgrounds from around the world have now been found to contain this so-called 'over-expressing' allelic form of the bx7 subunit encoded by glu-b1al. using three methods of identification, sds-page, rp-hplc and pcr marker analysis, as well as pedigree information, we have trac ... | 2004 | 15340686 |
| sequence tagged microsatellites for the xgwm533 locus provide new diagnostic markers to select for the presence of stem rust resistance gene sr2 in bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.). | the stem rust resistance gene sr2 has provided durable broad-spectrum, adult-plant resistance to the fungal pathogen puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici throughout wheat-growing regions of the world for more than 50 years. the ability to select for sr2 in wheat breeding programs was recently improved by the identification of a tightly linked microsatellite marker gwm533. this marker typically amplifies a 120-bp polymerase chain reaction fragment from wheat lines carrying sr2. in instances whe ... | 2004 | 15340687 |
| dissecting large and complex genomes: flow sorting and bac cloning of individual chromosomes from bread wheat. | the analysis of the complex genome of common wheat (triticum aestivum, 2n = 6x = 42, genome formula aabbdd) is hampered by its large size ( approximately 17 000 mbp) and allohexaploid nature. in order to simplify its analysis, we developed a generic strategy for dissecting such large and complex genomes into individual chromosomes. chromosome 3b was successfully sorted by flow cytometry and cloned into a bacterial artificial chromosome (bac), using only 1.8 million chromosomes and an adapted pro ... | 2004 | 15341637 |
| [mechanisms of protective action of wheat germ agglutinin on cell growth in wheat seedling roots under salinity]. | effects of 20 nm wheat germ agglutinin (wga) on relative growth rate, mitotic index (mi) and the cell area in the root extension zone were investigated in seedling of triticum aestivum l. under the influence of 2% nacl. it was elucidated that pretreatment of wheat seedling with wga prevented a salinity induced inhibition of root cell growth, and accelerated the restoration of cell growth after stress removal. the protective wga effect on root cell growth may be due, presumably, to reorganization ... | 2004 | 15346789 |
| microbial products trigger amino acid exudation from plant roots. | plants naturally cycle amino acids across root cell plasma membranes, and any net efflux is termed exudation. the dominant ecological view is that microorganisms and roots passively compete for amino acids in the soil solution, yet the innate capacity of roots to recover amino acids present in ecologically relevant concentrations is unknown. we find that, in the absence of culturable microorganisms, the influx rates of 16 amino acids (each supplied at 2.5 microm) exceed efflux rates by 5% to 545 ... | 2004 | 15347793 |
| proteomic analysis of aneuploid lines in the homeologous group 1 of the hexaploid wheat cultivar courtot. | three monosomic lines (msls) and three nullisomic lines (nsls) of the homeologous group 1 and one euploid line of the bread wheat triticum aestivum cultivar courtot were used in a proteomic approach to investigate the effects of zero, one or two doses of chromosomes 1a, 1b and 1d on the amount of endosperm proteins. polypeptides whose amounts changed significantly between each aneuploid line and the euploid line were identified using image analyses of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis patterns ... | 2004 | 15352243 |
| conserved extracellular cysteine residues and cytoplasmic loop-loop interplay are required for functionality of the heptahelical mlo protein. | we performed a structure-function analysis of the plasma membrane-localized plant-specific barley (hordeum vulgare) mlo (powdery-mildew-resistance gene o) protein. invariant cysteine and proline residues, located either in extracellular loops or transmembrane domains that have been conserved in mlo proteins for more than 400 million years, were found to be essential for mlo functionality and/or stability. similarly to many metazoan g-protein-coupled receptors known to function as homo- and heter ... | 2005 | 15352871 |
| [effect of vernalization and red light illumination of seedlings of bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) on the temperature profile of the camp phosphodiesterase activity]. | phenotypic manifestations of vrn (vernalization) and ppd (photoperiodism) genes responsible for transition of bread wheat triticum aestivum l. to generative growth (flowering) are mutually related. since the mechanism of phytochrome-induced photoperiodism involves the enzymes of cyclic adenosine monophosphate metabolism and phosphodiesterase in particular, we tested involvement of phosphodiesterase in the process of winter wheat vernalization and formation of flowering competence in alternate wh ... | 2016 | 15354954 |