Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| iron and metal regulation in bacteria. | in escherichia coli, the iron regulator fur is regulated by two oxidative-stress response regulators. the generation of dangerous radicals by oxygen and iron is the basis for this dual regulation, which is also found in eukaryotes. the binding of iron-regulated transcripts to apo-aconitase and results of mrna half-life studies indicate that there is post-transcriptional iron regulation in bacteria, as in eukaryotes. fur contains two metal-binding sites, one for zn2+ and one for fe2+. zinc uptake ... | 2001 | 11282473 |
| persistence of a distinct corynebacterium diphtheriae clonal group within two communities in the united states and canada where diphtheria is endemic. | molecular characterization of 53 u.s. and canadian corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis, ribotyping, and random amplified polymorphic dna showed that strains with distinct molecular subtypes have persisted in the united states and canada for at least 25 years. these strains are endemic rather than imported from countries with current endemic or epidemic diphtheria. | 2001 | 11283092 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae surface proteins as adhesins to human erythrocytes. | corynebacterium diphtheriae strains express non-fimbrial surface proteins able to recognize and bind to specific host cells receptors. protein extracts were obtained from bacterial cells by mechanical process and ammonium sulfate precipitation at 25 and 45% (w/v) saturation. sds-page analysis of the extracts detected two polypeptide bands of 67 and 72 kda, named 67-72 p. the 67-72 p, rabbit anti-67-72 p igg antibodies as well as human gastric mucin, n-acetylneuraminic acid and n-acetyl d-glucosa ... | 2001 | 11313140 |
| structures of three diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) variants with decreased repressor activity. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) from corynebacterium diphtheriae regulates the expression of the gene on corynebacteriophages that encodes diphtheria toxin (dt). other genes regulated by dtxr include those that encode proteins involved in siderophore-mediated iron uptake. dtxr requires activation by divalent metals and holo-dtxr is a dimeric regulator with two distinct metal-binding sites per three-domain monomer. at site 1, three side chains and a sulfate or phosphate anion are involved i ... | 2001 | 11320302 |
| the prevalence of diphtheria immunity in healthy population in poland. | the degree of seroprotection against diphtheria in poland was evaluated by determination of igg antibodies to corymebacterium diphtheriae toxin (igg-dtab). the study population consisted of 4,829 healthy subjects aged from 1 day to 85 years from 7 regions of poland. serum samples collected between 1996 and 1998 were assayed for igg-dtab antibodies using a toxoid enzyme immunoassay. neutralization of toxin in vero cells was performed as a reference method with the who standard for human diphtheri ... | 2001 | 11349973 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae: a pts view to the genome. | we have surveyed the publicly available genome sequence of corynebacterium diphtheriae (www.sanger.ac.uk) to identify components of the phosphotransferase system (pts), which plays a central role in carbon metabolism in many bacteria. three gene loci were found to contain putative pts genes. these comprise: (i) the genes of the general phosphotransferases enzyme i (ptsi) and hpr (ptsh), a fructose-specific enzyme iiabc permease (frua), and a fructose 1-phosphate kinase (fruk); (ii) a gene that e ... | 2001 | 11361072 |
| expression of streptococcus mutans fima is iron-responsive and regulated by a dtxr homologue. | iron uptake, transport and storage in streptococcus mutans, the principal causative agent of human dental cavities, is unexplored despite early reports in the literature which predict a role for this trace metal in cariogenesis. experiments in the authors' laboratory revealed several iron-responsive proteins in s. mutans, one of which reacted with a polyclonal antiserum directed against the fima fimbrial adhesin from streptococcus parasanguis on western blots. the results of western blot and nor ... | 2001 | 11390691 |
| conformational changes of the ferric uptake regulation protein upon metal activation and dna binding; first evidence of structural homologies with the diphtheria toxin repressor. | fur (ferric uptake regulation protein) is a bacterial global regulator that uses iron as a cofactor to bind to specific dna sequences. it has been suggested that metal binding induces a conformational change in the protein, which is subsequently able to recognize dna. this mechanism of activation has been investigated here using selective chemical modification monitored by mass spectrometry. the reactivity of each lysine residue of the fur protein was studied, first in the apo form of the protei ... | 2001 | 11419938 |
| new antioxidant and antimicrobial ellagic acid derivatives from pteleopsis hylodendron. | bioassay-guided isolation of two new compounds, 3,4-methylenedioxy-3'-o-methyl-4'-o-glucoside ellagic acid (1) and the pteleoellagic acid derivative (2), from the stem bark of pteleopsis hylodendron is reported along with 3,4-methylenedioxy-3'-o-methyl ellagic acid (3), 3,3'-di-o-methyl ellagic acid (4) and 3,3',4'-tri-o-methyl ellagic acid (5), which were obtained for the first time from this plant. the structures of these compounds were elucidated with the help of spectroscopic studies. compou ... | 2001 | 11458450 |
| corynebacterium diphtheriae threats in cancer patients. | the aim of this study was to determine the bacteriological properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from bronchiole washing and cancer lesions. bacteriological characterization included fluorescence/double sugar urease (king/dsu) screening tests, pyrazinamidase (pyz), camp-reactions and radial immunodiffusion toxigenicity assay. microorganisms produced fluorescence under ultraviolet light and were catalase positive; urea and aesculin hydrolysis negative; fermentation of glucose ... | 2001 | 11494762 |
| structure of the n-terminal region of haemophilus influenzae h10017: implications for function. | haemophilus influenzae is a gram-negative pathogen that causes infections ranging from asymptomatic colonization of the human upper respiratory tract to serious invasive diseases such as meningitis. although the genome of haemophilus influenzae has been completely sequenced, the structure and function of many of these proteins are unknown. h10017 is one of these uncharacterized proteins. here we describe the three-dimensional solution structure of the n-terminal portion of h10017 as determined b ... | 2001 | 11495242 |
| low baseline antibody level to diphtheria is associated with poor response to conjugated pneumococcal vaccine in adults. | joining polysaccharide antigens to protein increases immunogenicity in infants. in older adults, using conjugation to protein carriers to improve the immune response to pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine has thus far proved disappointing. low immunity to the carrier protein in the elderly may explain the failure of conjugated vaccines to elicit a t-cell-dependent response. we immunized 49 older adults (ages 60-78) and 50 younger adults (ages 18-45) with either 23-valent pneumococcal polysacchar ... | 2001 | 11515767 |
| [corynebacterium diphtheriae and conventional-pathogenic corynebacteria (lecture)]. | 2001 | 11521594 | |
| safety and immunogenicity of live attenuated quadrivalent human-bovine (uk) reassortant rotavirus vaccine administered with childhood vaccines to infants. | the safety and immunogenicity of an orally administered, live rotavirus vaccine comprised of four strains, each with a titer of 10(5.3) or 10(5.8) pfu, and each having 10 genes from the uk bovine strain and the vp7 gene from human rotavirus serotype 1, 2, 3, or 4, were evaluated in adults, young children and infants in randomized, double-blind phase 1 trials. three doses of rotavirus vaccine or placebo given with childhood immunizations to infants at 2, 4, and 6 months of age were well tolerated ... | 2001 | 11535316 |
| onjisaponins, from the root of polygala tenuifolia willdenow, as effective adjuvants for nasal influenza and diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines. | active substances from hot water extracts from 267 different chinese and japanese medicinal herbs were screened for mucosal adjuvant activity with influenza ha vaccine in mice. the extract from the root of polygala tenuifolia was found to contain potent mucosal adjuvant activity. the active substances were purified and identified as onjisaponins a, e, f, and g. when each onjisaponin (10 microg) was intranasally (i.n.) inoculated with influenza vaccine (10 microg) in mice, serum hemagglutination- ... | 2001 | 11535335 |
| [identification of corynebacterium diphtheria biovar belfanti among circulating c. diphtheriae strains in ukraine]. | the biochemical test of the reduction of nitrates to nitrites made it possible to identify 5.2% of strains belonging to biovar belfanti among 135 c. diphtheriae strains, initially classified within biovar mitis. out of 7 identified c. diphtheriae belfanti strains, 2 toxigenic strains were isolated from multiple foci diphtheria. according to the results of the polymerase chain reaction, 1 out of 5 non-toxigenic strains had tox gene. all c. diphtheriae belfanti strains were found to have pronounce ... | 2001 | 11548269 |
| [genetic structure of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in russia during epidemics of various intensity]. | the genetic structure of c. dipthteriae toxigenic strains isolated in russia during the period of more than 50 years was analysed. the use of the method of ribotyping made it possible to register 17 c. diphtheriae ribotypes. the study revealed that the genetic structure of c. diphtheriae population varied in the dynamics of the epidemic process: each epidemic cycle characterized by predominant spread of epidemic strains of definite biovars and ribotypes. thus, c. diphtheriae strains of biovar gr ... | 2001 | 11550555 |
| reactogenicity and immunogenicity of adult versus paediatric diphtheria and tetanus booster dose at 6 years of age. | we evaluated the reactogenicity and immunogenicity of a booster dose of diphtheria-tetanus vaccine administered at the age of school-entry, comparing a low-dose vaccine (dt) to the standard paediatric dose (dt). participants were randomly assigned to receive one of the two vaccines; the study was evaluator-blinded. the frequency of side-reactions was similar when comparing the two groups, except when considering local redness and swelling, which were significantly more frequent among the dt grou ... | 2001 | 11567748 |
| disordered to ordered folding in the regulation of diphtheria toxin repressor activity. | understanding how metal binding regulates the activity of the diphtheria toxin repressor protein (dtxr) requires information about the structure in solution. we have prepared a dtxr mutant construct with three additional n-terminal residues, gly-ser-his-dtxr(cys-102 --> asp), that retains metal-binding capabilities, but remains monomeric in solution and does not bind dna under conditions that effect dimerization and dna binding in the functional dtxr(cys-102 --> asp) construct. although the inte ... | 2001 | 11572979 |
| diphtheria in thailand in the 1990s. | diphtheria remains endemic in developing countries, but there are limited published data on the subject. thailand's diphtheria surveillance data are relatively complete and may give a fuller picture of the situation in similar countries. after routine immunization began in 1977, the incidence of reported diphtheria decreased by >98% to <0.1 case per 100,000 persons annually in the 1990s. despite infant immunization coverage of >90%, diphtheria cases were reported throughout the 1990s, primarily ... | 2001 | 11574919 |
| the esat-6 gene cluster of mycobacterium tuberculosis and other high g+c gram-positive bacteria. | the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv has five copies of a cluster of genes known as the esat-6 loci. these clusters contain members of the cfp-10 (lhp) and esat-6 (esat-6) gene families (encoding secreted t-cell antigens that lack detectable secretion signals) as well as genes encoding secreted, cell-wall-associated subtilisin-like serine proteases, putative abc transporters, atp-binding proteins and other membrane-associated proteins. these membrane-associated and energy-providing pro ... | 2001 | 11597336 |
| influence of relative binding affinity on efficacy in a panel of anti-cd3 scfv immunotoxins. | the in vitro cell killing potency of an immunotoxin reflects the aggregate of several independent biochemical properties. these include antigen binding affinity; internalization rate, intracellular processing and intrinsic toxin domain potency. this study examines the influence of antigen binding affinity on potency in various immunotoxin fusion proteins where target antigen binding is mediated by single chain antibody variable region fragments (scfv). firstly, the relationship between affinity ... | 2001 | 11684296 |
| international external quality assessment scheme for the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. | an international external quality assessment (eqa) scheme has been established so as to evaluate the proficiency of specialist, national diphtheria reference laboratories in the laboratory diagnosis of diphtheria. six simulated clinical specimens were freeze-dried and distributed to 23 participants in 20 countries. participants were asked to isolate, identify and perform toxigenicity testing on any corynebacteria present and to complete a simple questionnaire describing the procedures and reagen ... | 2001 | 11699587 |
| humoral immunity to viral and bacterial antigens in lymphoma patients 4-10 years after high-dose therapy with abmt. serological responses to revaccinations according to ebmt guidelines. | the aim of this study was to investigate the late effects of abmt on the immune system with regard to protective humoral immunity against common antigens and responses to recall antigens (vaccines). the vaccines were given according to ebmt guidelines from 1995. the protocol included 35 patients with malignant lymphoma in cr 4-10 years after abmt, and 35 controls. the results show that prior to abmt the proportion of patients with protective immunity against poliomyelitis, tetanus and diphtheria ... | 2001 | 11704791 |
| immunochromatographic strip test for rapid detection of diphtheria toxin: description and multicenter evaluation in areas of low and high prevalence of diphtheria. | an immunochromatographic strip (ics) test was developed for the detection of diphtheria toxin by using an equine polyclonal antibody as the capture antibody and colloidal gold-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific for fragment a of the diphtheria toxin molecule as the detection antibody. the ics test has been fully optimized for the detection of toxin from bacterial cultures; the limit of detection was approximately 0.5 ng of diphtheria toxin per ml within 10 min. in a comparative study with 91 ... | 2002 | 11773096 |
| vaccines: world health organization versus federal drug administration recommended formula. | vaccines produced in accordance with who formulas, differ in concentration from those used in united states according to fda formulas. we aimed to compare the immunogenicity of both formulas. infants who were 6 weeks old were randomly put into 3 groups to receive 3 doses of vaccines at 6 weeks, 3 months and 5 months of age. the vaccines consisted of haemophilus influenzae type b vaccine, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis and oral polio vaccine. antibody levels for polyribosylribitol phosphate (prp), ... | 2000 | 11794070 |
| [diphtheria]. | 2001 | 11808166 | |
| negatively charged liposomes as immunological adjuvant for tetanus and diphtheria toxoids. | the aim of this study is to develop the previous research on tetanus toxoid and improve the level of antibodies against tetanus and diphtheria toxoids using liposomes as adjuvant. the results show that negatively charged liposomes enhance the immune effects of the combination of the two vaccines. | 1998 | 11845437 |
| antitetanus and antidiphtheria immunity in newborns. | the level of antitetanus and antidiphtheria immunity was evaluated in 280 pairs (mother-newborn) and in 56 pairs where mothers (aged 19-26 yrs.) were vaccinated in the 7th month of pregnancy with an adsorbed tetanus vaccine dose. the results revealed a high antitetanus immunity level both in mothers and newborns (93.57% and 92.85% respectively) and a low antidiphtheria protection level (79.64% and 77.14%). immunization of pregnant women ensures a 100% passive protection of newborns against tetan ... | 1999 | 11845464 |
| the amino acid requirements of corynebacterium diphtheriae pw 8 substrain cn 2000. | to determine the amino acid requirement and utilization pattern of corynebacterium diphtheriae during growth and toxin production. | 2002 | 11849348 |
| [axel ström--pioneer of social medicine and administrator]. | dr axel strøm (1901-85), professor in the university of oslo from 1940 to 1970, was a leader in norwegian medicine in the latter half of the 20th century. he qualified in 1926 and in 1936 gained a doctorate with a dissertation on the toxin production of the corynebacterium diphtheriae. his first appointment as a professor was in hygiene. in 1951 he moved on to public health, a field that he pioneered in norway and the other scandinavian countries. as a professor during the german occupation of n ... | 2002 | 11851299 |
| [effect of lysogenic conversion of corynebacterium diphtheriae strain on its iron assimilation and spectrum of cellular proteins]. | growth of the isogenic pair of c. diphtheriae strains, the nontoxigenic strain c7 (-) and the toxigenic strain c7 (beta), was studied under conditions of limited availability of the iron source. the growth of the toxigenic strain was shown to depend on the concentration of iron in the medium to a lesser degree than the nontoxigenic one. lysogenic conversion results in the synthesis of additional iron-dependent proteins, absent in c. diphtheriae initial nontoxigenic strain c7 (-). special attenti ... | 2001 | 11871310 |
| [specific features of diphtheria vaccinal process in children with rheumatic diseases]. | clinical and immunological examination of 55 children aged 6-15 years with rheumatic diseases, immunized against diphtheria, was carried out. all children were immunized at the stage of clinical and laboratory remission and in some cases while undergoing a prolonged course of cytostatic therapy or therapy with nonsteroid anti-inflammatory remedies. this examination demonstrated that in the overwhelming majority of children with rheumatic diseases the diphtheria vaccinal process took an asymptoma ... | 2001 | 11881495 |
| [reactions to and immunogenic properties of the combined vaccine bubo-m for immunization of children against diphtheria, tetanus and viral hepatitis b]. | bubo-m, the first russian combined vaccine, was found to have low reactogenicity. the difference between the number of postvaccinal reactions in the group of children immunized with bubo-m (25.9%) and those in the group of children who had been simultaneously injected into different sites of the body with ads-m toxoid (adsorbed dt toxoid with reduced antigen content) and hepatitis b vaccine (26.7%) was not statistically significant. following immunization a considerable increase in the level of ... | 2001 | 11881496 |
| sensing nitrogen limitation in corynebacterium glutamicum: the role of glnk and glnd. | a novel nitrogen control system regulating the transcription of genes expressed in response to nitrogen starvation in corynebacterium glutamicum was identified by us recently. in this communication, we also show that the nitrogen regulation cascade in c. glutamicum functions by a new mechanism, although components highly similar to sensor and signal transmitter proteins of escherichia coli are used, namely uridylyltransferase and a pii-type glnk protein. the genes encoding these key components o ... | 2001 | 11886559 |
| study of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in romania, northwestern russia and the republic of moldova. | a selection of 167 corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated in romania, the russian federation and the republic of moldova were analysed by biotyping, phage typing, the toxin production test and by molecular techniques such as ribotyping, pulsed field gel electrophoresis and random amplified polymorphic dna, in order to establish the epidemiological relatedness, genetic divergence and strain circulation within and between the bordering countries. using a set of five digoxigenin-labeled oligo ... | 2002 | 11902155 |
| nitrogen assimilation in corynebacterium diphtheriae: pathways and regulatory cascades. | genes encoding proteins for ammonium uptake, assimilation, and the nitrogen regulatory system in corynebacterium diphtheriae were studied on basis of homology searches using corynebacterium glutamicum genes as query sequences. regulation of transcription of these genes in response to nitrogen starvation was analyzed by rna hybridization experiments and knock-out mutants were generated to verify the function of distinct genes. in this communication, we were able to identify the key components of ... | 2002 | 11959451 |
| bacterial skin infections in a tropical environment. | the subject of bacterial skin infection in the tropics has shown some significant advances in the past few years, although it is still relatively understudied. of special interest is the emerging concern about the public health aspects of pyoderma, either primary or secondary to scabies, in developing countries. in addition, certain more unusual agents, such as bacillus anthracis and corynebacterium diphtheriae, continue to cause significant problems in some areas, while incidence of other tropi ... | 2001 | 11979120 |
| molecular characterization of corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates, russia, 1957-1987. | in the 1990s, the newly independent and baltic states of the former soviet union experienced the largest diphtheria outbreak since the 1960s; it was caused by corynebacterium diphtheriae strains of a unique clonal group. to address its origin, we studied 47 clinical isolates from russia and demonstrated that this clonal group was an integral part of the endemic reservoir that existed in russia at least 5 years before the epidemic began. | 2002 | 11996689 |
| hyperammonaemic encephalopathy in a 13-year-old boy. | 2002 | 11998916 | |
| complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete streptomyces coelicolor a3(2). | streptomyces coelicolor is a representative of the group of soil-dwelling, filamentous bacteria responsible for producing most natural antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. here we report the 8,667,507 base pair linear chromosome of this organism, containing the largest number of genes so far discovered in a bacterium. the 7,825 predicted genes include more than 20 clusters coding for known or predicted secondary metabolites. the genome contains an unprecedented proportion of regula ... | 2002 | 12000953 |
| diphtheria and hearing loss. | to determine if infectious diseases usually experienced in childhood have an effect on hearing ability later in life. | 2001 | 12037265 |
| microbial evolution: antitoxin vaccines and pathogen virulence. | in their mathematical description of vaccine-induced immunity, gandon et al. predict that the host's immunity to a microbial toxin will lead to increased virulence of the pathogen without affecting its transmission. however, results obtained using vaccines against two additional bacterial pathogens are not consistent with this prediction. the model proposed by gandon et al. may therefore be an oversimplification, with the outcome depending on the biological details of both the pathogen and the v ... | 2002 | 12050654 |
| design and development of a novel genetic probe for the analysis of repressor-operator interactions. | while the native diphtheria tox promoter/operator (toxpo)-lacz transcriptional fusion has allowed initial isolation and characterization of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr), the low level of reporter gene expression has limited the detection and analysis of mutations affecting subtle changes in repressor-operator binding. in order to overcome this difficulty, we have constructed a novel hybrid promoter/operator-lacz transcriptional fusion in which the "-35" and spacing of the tac promoter w ... | 2002 | 12069891 |
| safety, tolerability and immunogenicity of low dose haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of neisseria meningitidis group b. | infants vaccinated with three doses followed by a booster of either 1.0 microg of haemophilus influenzae type b conjugated to the outer membrane protein complex of neisseria meningitidis group b or h. influenzae 10-microg oligosaccharide vaccine conjugated to 25 microg mutant toxin (crm197) isolated from corynebacterium diphtheriae had protective antipolyribosylribitol phosphate concentrations. | 2002 | 12075771 |
| comparison of a multiplex flow cytometric assay with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for auantitation of antibodies to tetanus, diphtheria, and haemophilus influenzae type b. | we developed a multiplexed indirect immunofluorescence assay for antibodies to haemophilus influenza type b (hib) polysaccharide and the toxoids of clostridium tetani (tet) and corynebacterium diphtheriae (dip) based on the luminex multiple-analyte profiling system. a pooled serum standard was calibrated against world health organization standards for dip and tet and an international standard for hib. the multiplexed luminex assay was compared to individual enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (el ... | 2002 | 12093688 |
| penicillin tolerance amongst non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae isolated from cases of pharyngitis. | twenty-four strains of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype gravis from the throats of patients with pharyngitis/tonsillitis were assayed for susceptibility to penicillin and erythromycin using determination of mic, mbc and time-kill curves. there were no differences between the mics of penicillin for susceptible and tolerant strains. all but one strain had penicillin mbcs > or = 2 mg/l. seventy-one per cent (17/24) of the strains were tolerant to penicillin. in contrast, all strain ... | 2002 | 12096018 |
| the changing epidemiology of diphtheria in the past two centuries. | 2002 | 12162125 | |
| identification of a dtxr-regulated operon that is essential for siderophore-dependent iron uptake in corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) uses fe(2+) as a corepressor and inhibits transcription from iron-regulated promoters (irps) in corynebacterium diphtheriae. a new irp, designated irp6, was cloned from c. diphtheriae by a selex-like procedure. dtxr bound to irp6 in vitro only in the presence of appropriate divalent metal ions, and repression of irp6 by dtxr in an escherichia coli system was iron dependent. the open reading frames (orfs) downstream from irp6 and previously described promoter ... | 2002 | 12169610 |
| [cutaneous leishmaniotic ulcers with corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | in a prospective study to evaluate the influence of secondary bacterial infection on the evaluation of cutaneous leishmaniasis, in corte de pedra (bahia), we isolated corynebacterium diphtheriae in 7 (8.3%) out of 84 patients with ulcers studied. due to the small number of patients with the presence of the bacteria in the ulcer, we could not conclude whether corynebacterium diphtheriae behaves only as a colonizer nor its influence on the healing of the leishmaniotic ulcer. | 2002 | 12170325 |
| [diphtheria--results of an immunologic survey]. | the objective of the immunological survey (is) was in addition to assessment of the overall immunity of the slovak population against diphtheria to test the effectiveness of vaccination and suitability of the used vaccination pattern and to assess the persistence of antibodies against diphtheria in more advanced age, and possibly the need of revaccination. the sera were tested by means of the neutralization test on cell cultures. the level of diphtheria antitoxin was assessed quantitatively. in ... | 2002 | 12184194 |
| [specificity of antibodies to diphtheria toxin subunits in children with various forms of diphtheria infections]. | in order to study the specificity of serum antibodies to separate subunits of diphtheria toxin, sds-electrophoresis of diphtheria toxin preliminary disintegrated on the subunits via trypsin treatment was performed, followed by immunoblotting assay. 86 blood serum samples of children with diphtheria carriers of toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae as well as children with other infectious diseases similar to diphtheria in their clinical manifestation, and healthy one ... | 2001 | 12199083 |
| efficient electrotransformation of corynebacterium diphtheriae with a mini-replicon derived from the corynebacterium glutamicum plasmid pga1. | efficient transformation of the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae was achieved with novel cloning vectors consisting of a mini-replicon from the cryptic c. glutamicum plasmid pga1 as well as of the aph(3')-iia or teta(z ) antibiotic resistance genes. plasmid-containing transformants of c. diphtheriae were recovered at frequencies ranging from 1.3 x 10(5) to 4.8 x 10(6) colony forming units (cfu)/microg of plasmid dna. vector dna was directly transferred from escherichia coli into c. dip ... | 2002 | 12232668 |
| construction and characterization of transposon insertion mutations in corynebacterium diphtheriae that affect expression of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr). | transcription of the bacteriophage-borne diphtheria toxin gene tox is negatively regulated, in response to intracellular fe(2+) concentration, by the chromosomally encoded diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr). due to a scarcity of tools, genetic analysis of corynebacterium diphtheriae has primarily relied on analysis of chemically induced and spontaneously occurring mutants and on the results of experiments with c. diphtheriae genes cloned in escherichia coli or analyzed in vitro. we modified a tn5 ... | 2002 | 12270831 |
| iron acquisition by gram-positive bacterial pathogens. | for the majority of bacterial pathogens, acquisition of iron from host proteins is a prerequisite for growth during infection. the mechanisms by which gram-negative bacteria obtain iron from host proteins have been well described, but only recently has substantial progress been made in identifying these mechanisms for gram-positive bacterial pathogens. this review provides an overview of the existing knowledge on the genetic basis of iron transport for important gram-positive pathogens. | 2002 | 12361915 |
| recognition of dna by fur: a reinterpretation of the fur box consensus sequence. | ferric uptake repressor (fur) proteins regulate the expression of iron homeostasis genes in response to intracellular iron levels. in general, fur proteins bind with high affinity to a 19-bp inverted repeat sequence known as the fur box. an alignment of 19 operator sites recognized by bacillus subtilis fur revealed a different conserved 15-bp (7-1-7) inverted repeat present twice within this 19-bp consensus sequence. we demonstrated using electrophoretic mobility shift assays that this 7-1-7 inv ... | 2002 | 12374814 |
| corynebactin and a serine trilactone based analogue: chirality and molecular modeling of ferric complexes. | because the hydrolysis of ferric ion makes it very insoluble in aerobic, near neutral ph environments, most species of bacteria produce siderophores to acquire iron, an essential nutrient. the chirality of the ferric siderophore complex plays an important role in cell recognition, uptake, and utilization. corynebactin, isolated from gram-positive bacteria, is structurally similar to enterobactin, a well-known siderophore first isolated from gram-negative bacteria, but contains l-threonine instea ... | 2002 | 12377042 |
| intracellular viability of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains in hep-2 cells. | corynebacterium diphtheriae, generally considered an extracellular coloniser, was evaluated for its ability to enter and survive within hep-2 monolayers by gentamicin protection assay. intracellular viability of hc01 strain, isolated from endocarditis, was more expressive (2.59%) than observed in 241 (0.21%) and cdc-e8392 (1.93%) strains. electron microscopy of c. diphtheriae-infected hep-2 cells revealed intracellular bacteria inside membrane-bound vacuoles. bacterial internalisation was totall ... | 2002 | 12393210 |
| analysis of a dtxr-like metalloregulatory protein, mntr, from corynebacterium diphtheriae that controls expression of an abc metal transporter by an mn(2+)-dependent mechanism. | the dtxr protein is a global iron-dependent repressor in corynebacterium diphtheriae that regulates transcription from multiple promoters. a search of the partially completed c. diphtheriae genome identified a gene, mntr, whose predicted product has significant homology with the dtxr repressor protein. the mntr gene is the terminal gene in a five-gene operon that also carries the mntabcd genes, whose predicted products are homologous to abc metal transporters. transcription of this genetic syste ... | 2002 | 12446639 |
| development of a real-time fluorescence pcr assay for rapid detection of the diphtheria toxin gene. | we developed and evaluated a real-time fluorescence pcr assay for detecting the a and b subunits of diphtheria toxin (tox) gene. when 23 toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae strains, 9 nontoxigenic c. diphtheriae strains, and 44 strains representing the diversity of pathogens and normal respiratory flora were tested, this real-time pcr assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity. it allowed for the detection of both subunits of the tox gene at 750 times greater sensitivity (2 cfu) than the ... | 2002 | 12454177 |
| [antibody levels to diphtheria in various community segments]. | the aim of this study was to detect the immune status of our population against diphtheria. for this purpose, the levels of diphtheria igg antibodies in various age groups were investigated in 150 subjects aged over 20 years old, by using elisa method. the positive immunity rate against diphtheria was found 62%, while there was no statistically significant difference between the rates of males (66.7%) and females (57.7%) (p > 0.05). eighty percent of subjects aged between 20-29 years, 71.4% of 3 ... | 2002 | 12476762 |
| solution 1h nmr investigation of the active site molecular and electronic structures of substrate-bound, cyanide-inhibited hmuo, a bacterial heme oxygenase from corynebacterium diphtheriae. | the molecular structure and dynamic properties of the active site environment of hmuo, a heme oxygenase (ho) from the pathogenic bacterium corynebacterium diphtheriae, have been investigated by (1)h nmr spectroscopy using the human ho (hho) complex as a homology model. it is demonstrated that not only the spatial contacts among residues and between residues and heme, but the magnetic axes that can be related to the direction and magnitude of the steric tilt of the fecn unit are strongly conserve ... | 2003 | 12480929 |
| [in vivo activity of amoxicillin in a non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae rabbit endocarditis experimental model]. | the mortality of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae endocarditis is high (27%). one explanation could be tolerance to amoxicillin. the aim of this work was to evaluate in vivo the tolerance phenomenon, in a rabbit endocarditis experimental model. two strains of non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae were compared: a tolerant one and a non-tolerant one. each animal was randomly assigned to one of the following groups: no treatment, continuous infusion of amoxicillin simulating 200 mg/kg ... | 2002 | 12490412 |
| [characteristics of antitoxic and antibacterial immune response in nontoxic forms of oropharyngeal diphtheria]. | the enzyme immunoassay system (eia) for differentiation of antibodies in therapeutic heterogeneous antitoxic serum and antibodies to corynebacterium diphtheriae toxigenic strains in patients and carriers was developed. the use of eia permitted the dynamic evaluation of the characteristics of humoral antitoxic and antibacterial immune response in 50 patients with the localized and disseminated forms of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria and 14 "healthy" carriers of toxigenic c. diphtheriae. as revealed ... | 2002 | 12506628 |
| protective levels of diphtheria-neutralizing antibody induced in healthy volunteers by unilateral priming-boosting intranasal immunization associated with restricted ipsilateral mucosal secretory immunoglobulin a. | subunit intranasal vaccines offer the prospect of inducing combined systemic-mucosal immunity against mucosally transmitted infections such as human immunodeficiency virus. however, although human studies have demonstrated the induction of active immunity, secretory immunoglobulin a (siga) responses are variable, and no study has demonstrated protection by accepted vaccine-licensing criteria as measured by direct toxin-neutralizing activity. using the genetically inactivated mutant diphtheria to ... | 2003 | 12540551 |
| manganese-dependent regulation of the endocarditis-associated virulence factor efaa of enterococcus faecalis. | there is increasing recognition of the emerging role of manganese regulation and acquisition in some pathogenic bacteria. expression of the enterococcus faecalis endocarditis-associated virulence factor efaa is induced by growth in serum. it is demonstrated here that expression of the efacba operon encoding a putative abc-type transporter is regulated by mn(2+). transcription of efacba and efaa production were repressed in mn(2+)-supplemented medium. a mn(2+)-responsive transcriptional regulator ... | 2003 | 12543916 |
| molecular epidemiology and characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae and corynebacterium ulcerans strains isolated in italy during the 1990s. | five cases of diphtheria were reported in italy between january 1990 and june 2001. three cases were confirmed microbiologically by the isolation of toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae (two cases) and corynebacterium ulcerans (one case). over the same period, 11 cases of non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae infection were reported to the italian public health institute, from which the causative organism was isolated from a skin infection in one case and from the throat in the other ten. seven of the t ... | 2003 | 12543926 |
| [strain of screening high toxin--producing from corynebacterium diphtheria pw8-weissensee]. | corynebacterium diphtheria pw8-weissensee was grown on different media for screening high toxin produce. through six times of screening (selecting butyrous brilliant smooth small colonies and testing their toxin production capacity) from original strain producing toxin 160 lf/ml, a high toxin--producing descendand culture was obtained, which produced 79% more toxin than the original strain did. | 1998 | 12549392 |
| insights into the genetic organization of the corynebacterium diphtheriae erythromycin resistance plasmid png2 deduced from its complete nucleotide sequence. | the complete nucleotide sequence of the erythromycin resistance plasmid png2 from the human pathogen corynebacterium diphtheriae s601 was determined. the plasmid has a total size of 15,100 bp and contains at least 17 coding regions. comparative genomics identified conserved motifs within replication initiator proteins of corynebacterial plasmids and a novel nucleotide sequence feature, termed 22-bp box, located downstream of the repa gene. the erythromycin resistance determinant erm(x) is flanke ... | 2003 | 12584002 |
| genotypic and phenotypic characteristics of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains isolated from patients in belarus during an epidemic period. | one hundred two corynebacterium diphtheriae strains (93 of the gravis biotype and nine of the mitis biotype) isolated from clinical cases during the belarus diphtheria epidemic were characterized by biotyping, toxigenicity testing by the elek test and an indirect hemagglutination assay, phage typing, and ribotyping. the gravis biotype strains were characterized as high and medium toxin producers, and strains of biotype mitis were characterized as low and medium toxin producers. most strains (82 ... | 2003 | 12624069 |
| infective endocarditis caused by unusual gram-positive pathogens. | of a total of 81 patients hospitalized in the infectious diseases department in 1990-2000 with infectious endocarditis caused by gram-positive pathogen, unusual etiological agents were found in several cases: streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, corynebacterium diphtheriae, and gemella morbillorum. cardiac defects were present in the latter two patients: bicuspid aortic valve and tetralogy of fallot. two patients were successfully treated with antibiotics only and one patient with a ... | 2002 | 12630329 |
| [immune response in adult immunized with adsorbed dt-m anatoxin with reduced antigen content and imovax-dt-adulte vaccine]. | the comparative study of immune response after immunization of adults with adsorbed dt toxoid with reduced antigen content and imovax-dt-adulte vaccine, as well as the safety of these preparations, was made. the study revealed that immunization of adults with adsorbed dt toxoid having reduced antigen content, made in two injections, and the injection of imovax-dt-dulte vaccine, as well as the successive injection of these preparations, produced the same the levels of antitetanus immunity. antidi ... | 2003 | 12630352 |
| report on the sixth international meeting of the european laboratory working group on diphtheria, brussels, belgium. | in addition to the eastern european resurgence of diphtheria during the last decade, there has also been an emergence of infections caused by non-toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae and non-toxigenic, toxin gene bearing c. diphtheriae. given that these strains may manifest as symptomatic infections of differing degrees of severity, their clinical and epidemiological significance need to be assessed. the persistence of toxigenic and non-toxigenic c. diphtheriae in circulation, together with gen ... | 2002 | 12631954 |
| the src homology 3-like domain of the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) modulates repressor activation through interaction with the ancillary metal ion-binding site. | the diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is a transition metal ion-activated repressor that acts as a global regulatory element in the control of iron-sensitive genes in corynebacterium diphtheriae. we recently described (l. sun, j. c. vanderspek, and j. r. murphy, proc. natl. acad. sci. usa 95:14985-14990, 1998) the isolation and in vivo characterization of a hyperactive mutant of dtxr, dtxr(e175k), that appeared to be constitutively active. we demonstrate here that while dtxr(e175k) remains activ ... | 2003 | 12644496 |
| metal stoichiometry and functional studies of the diphtheria toxin repressor. | diphtheria toxin repressor (dtxr) is a transition metal ion-activated repressor in corynebacterium diphtheriae. dtxr is an iron sensor; metal-bound dtxr represses transcription of genes downstream of the tox operator. wild-type dtxr [dtxr(wt)] and several mutant forms were overexpressed and purified from escherichia coli. dtxr was isolated without bound metal. metal reconstitution gave a binding stoichiometry of 2 per monomer for dtxr(wt) and 1 per monomer for dtxr(h79a) and dtxr(m10a). dna bind ... | 2003 | 12655054 |
| corynebacterium spheniscorum sp. nov., isolated from the cloacae of wild penguins. | twenty unidentified gram-positive, rod-shaped organisms were recovered from the cloacae of apparently healthy wild penguins (spheniscus magellanicus) and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. on the basis of cellular morphology and biochemical criteria, the isolates were tentatively assigned to the genus corynebacterium, although the organisms did not appear to correspond to any recognized species. lipid studies confirmed this generic placement, and comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing s ... | 2003 | 12656150 |
| [a case of diphtheria in the netherlands due to an infection with corynebacterium ulcerans]. | a 58-year-old woman was admitted due to a pseudomembranous pharyngitis. the patient had not been vaccinated against diphtheria. corynebacterium ulcerans was cultured from a throat swab. the production of diphtheria toxin by these bacteria was demonstrated with pcr and an immunoprecipitation test. the patient was cared for in respiratory isolation and was treated with benzylpenicillin. she quickly recovered and was discharged four days after admission. a contact investigation did not reveal any d ... | 2003 | 12661461 |
| origins of metal ion selectivity in the dtxr/mntr family of metalloregulators. | corynebacterium diphtheriae dtxr is an iron-specific repressor of diphtheria toxin expression and iron homeostasis functions. a homologue, mntr, serves as a manganese-specific repressor of mn(ii) uptake in bacillus subtilis. when expressed in b. subtilis, dtxr regulates gene expression in response to either iron or manganese with comparable sensitivity. replacement of two amino acids in the metal-sensing site with the corresponding residues from mntr results in a dtxr mutant that is highly selec ... | 2003 | 12675807 |
| quantitative detection of moraxella catarrhalis in nasopharyngeal secretions by real-time pcr. | the recognition of moraxella catarrhalis as an important cause of respiratory tract infections has been protracted, mainly because it is a frequent commensal organism of the upper respiratory tract and the diagnostic sensitivity of blood or pleural fluid culture is low. given that the amount of m. catarrhalis bacteria in the upper respiratory tract may change during infection, quantification of these bacteria in nasopharyngeal secretions (npss) by real-time pcr may offer a suitable diagnostic ap ... | 2003 | 12682118 |
| [vaginal microbiological coenosis and its disorders (etiology, pathogenesis, clinical and laboratory diagnosis (lecture)]. | 2003 | 12688212 | |
| characterization of the role of the divalent metal ion-dependent transcriptional repressor mntr in the virulence of staphylococcus aureus. | dtxr-type metal ion-dependent repressors, present in many bacterial pathogens, may regulate expression of virulence genes such as that encoding diphtheria toxin. sirr, a dtxr homologue initially identified in staphylococcus epidermidis, governs the expression of the adjacent sitabc operon encoding a putative metal ion abc transporter system. we identified a sirr homologue, mntr, in staphylococcus aureus and demonstrated by gel shift assay that the corynebacterial repressor dtxr binds to the s. a ... | 2003 | 12704132 |
| [adaptation mechanisms in the formation of the corynebacterium diphtheriae carrier state]. | the complex clinico-laboratory examination of 92 children aged 3-14 years with the localized form of stomatopharyngeal diphtheria and toxigenic c. diphtheriae (tcd) carrier state was carried out. the children were hospitalized in the clinic of drop infections during the period of 1996-1998. the hydrophobic properties, adhesive, lysozyme, antilysozyme and dnaase activities of 92 tcd strains, as well as the levels of the specific and nonspecific immunity of the macroorganism, were studied. the stu ... | 2000 | 12712509 |
| septic arthritis due to a toxigenic strain of corynebacterium diphtheriae gravis. | 2003 | 12740624 | |
| infectious diseases. darwinian vaccines. | 2003 | 12775815 | |
| determinants of the src homology domain 3-like fold. | in eukaryotes, the src homology domain 3 (sh3) is a very important motif in signal transduction. sh3 domains recognize poly-proline-rich peptides and are involved in protein-protein interactions. until now, the existence of sh3 domains has not been demonstrated in prokaryotes. however, the structure of the c-terminal domain of dtxr clearly shows that the fold of this domain is very similar to that of the sh3 domain. in addition, there is evidence that the c-terminal domain of dtxr binds to poly- ... | 2003 | 12837782 |
| regulation of intracellular heme levels by hmx1, a homologue of heme oxygenase, in saccharomyces cerevisiae. | saccharomyces cerevisiae responds to iron deprivation by increasing the transcription of genes involved in the uptake of environmental iron and in the mobilization of vacuolar iron stores. hmx1 is also transcribed under conditions of iron deprivation and is under the control of the major iron-dependent transcription factor, aft1p. although hmx1p exhibits limited homology to heme oxygenases, it has not been shown to be enzymatically active. we find that hmx1p is a resident protein of the endoplas ... | 2003 | 12840010 |
| new insights into the biogenesis of the cell envelope of corynebacteria: identification and functional characterization of five new mycoloyltransferase genes in corynebacterium glutamicum. | mycolic acids, the major lipid constituents of corynebacterineae, play an essential role in maintaining the integrity of the bacterial cell envelope. we have previously characterized a corynebacterial mycoloyltransferase (ps1) homologous in its n-terminal part to the three known mycobacterial mycoloyltransferases, the so-called fibronectin-binding proteins a, b and c. the genomes of corynebacterium glutamicum (atcc13032 and cgl2005) and corynebacterium diphtheriae were explored for the occurrenc ... | 2003 | 12855165 |
| isolation of corynebacterium falsenii and description of corynebacterium aquilae sp. nov., from eagles. | biochemical, molecular chemical and molecular genetic studies were performed on seven unidentified gram-positive, rod-shaped organisms recovered from eagles. the strains were provisionally identified as corynebacterium jeikeium with the commercial api coryne system, but they were able to grow under anaerobic conditions and were non-lipophilic. comparative 16s rrna gene sequencing studies demonstrated that the isolates belonged phylogenetically to the genus corynebacterium. three strains were ide ... | 2003 | 12892140 |
| [persistence of circulation of corynebacterium diphtheriae non-toxigenic strains and low prevalence of carriers in a sample of children vaccinated against diphtheria]. | this study was carried out with the aim to investigate the presence of carriers of diphtheria bacillus in a sample of 1970 healthy children, 6-14 years aged, residing in eight italian towns. three non-toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae biotype mitis were isolated from as many healthy children. molecular characterization by ribotyping showed close genetic relation of two of the wild strains with the c7(b) reference strain whereas one of the wild strains showed close genetic relation ... | 2003 | 12910872 |
| influence of stannous chloride on the adhesive properties of corynebacterium diphtheriae strains. | stannous ion, as a chloride salt, influenced on the survival and adhesive properties of two toxigenic corynebacterium diphtheriae of the sucrose-fermenting (241 strain) and non-sucrose-fermenting (cdc-e8392 strain) biotypes. differences in survival fractions suggested differences in susceptibility of strains to bactericidal effect of stannous chloride (sncl2). a number of 0.3% bacterial cells of 241 strain and 0.02% of cdc-e8392 strain survived after 220 micro l ml(-1) sncl2 treatment. results o ... | 2003 | 12964050 |
| the nature of the cell wall of corynebacterium diphtheriae. isolation of an oligosaccharide. | 1952 | 12977775 | |
| electrophoretic and diffusion measurements on cell wall oligosaccharides from corynebacterium diptheriae. | 1952 | 12977776 | |
| [recently proposed culture media for enrichment and isolation of c. diphtheriae]. | 1952 | 12977962 | |
| [research on pleomorphism from urethane in corynebacterium diphtheriae]. | 1952 | 12977976 | |
| [types of corynebacterium diphtheriae and their clinical significance]. | 1952 | 12989788 | |
| [activity in vitro of some glycols on c. diphtheriae]. | 1952 | 12994626 | |
| the oxidation of acetone by a soil diphtheroid. | 1952 | 12999694 | |
| [studies on listerella and corynebacterium in animals]. | 1952 | 13001998 | |
| [the biology of aerobic bacteria in the fertilized chicken egg. i. culture of corynebacterium diphtheriae and the effects of diphtheria toxin on the fertilized chick embryo]. | 1952 | 13006960 | |
| [typing of diphtheria bacilli in the bydgoszcz district and significance of types in the course of diphtheria]. | 1952 | 13012820 |