Publications

production of thiol-dependent haemolysins by listeria monocytogenes and related species.	twenty-six strains belonging to the five main species of the genus listeria were examined for production of thiol-dependent exotoxins. all strains of l. monocytogenes cultured in charcoal-treated broth secreted a haemolytic factor at a level ranging from 200 to 800 haemolytic units (hu) ml-1, except for the strain egd (1500 hu ml-1) and the type strain cip 82110t (10 hu ml-1). the haemolytic activity reached a maximum level by 8-10 h and then rapidly declined as soon as bacterial exponential gro ...	1989	2516113
inhibition of listeria monocytogenes growth by the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-h2o2 antimicrobial system.	the lactoperoxidase-thiocyanate-h2o2 system (lp system), consisting of lactoperoxidase (0.37 u/ml), kscn (0.3 mm), and h2o2 (0.3 mm), delayed but did not prevent growth of l. monocytogenes scott a at 5, 10, 20, and 30 degrees c in broth and at 20 degrees c in milk. the net lag periods determined spectrophotometrically varied inversely with temperature and were shorter at 5 and 10 degrees c for cultures from shaken versus from statically grown inocula. lag periods for cultures from shaken and sta ...	1989	2516432
listeria monocytogenes. a model system for the molecular study of intracellular parasitism.	listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular bacterium which, in its mammalian host, can infect enterocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. it is responsible for severe infections in humans and animals. recovery from infection and resistance depends on the development of a t-cell response, antibodies not being protective. several features of l. monocytogenes make it particularly suitable for the study of genetic and molecular aspects of invasion and intracellular parasitism. first, l. monoc ...	1989	2516599
sequences homologous to the listeriolysin o gene region of listeria monocytogenes are present in virulent and avirulent haemolytic species of the genus listeria.	various parts of the hlya gene region of listeria monocytogenes which encodes a major virulence factor, listeriolysin o, have been used to detect the presence of homologous sequences in other species of the genus listeria. under low-stringency hybridization conditions, sequences homologous to the hlya gene and its 5' adjacent regions were detected in the haemolytic and pathogenic species l. ivanovii, and in the haemolytic but non-pathogenic species l. seeligeri. in contrast, the region located d ...	1989	2516637
heat tolerance of free living and of intracellular listeria.	listeria monocytogenes, l. innocua, and l. seeligeri are ingested by tetrahymena pyriformis. they are not killed but survive and lyse bacteriovorous protozoans after about 8 days. the question important in food processing whether intracellular l. monocytogenes are protected against pasteurization was investigated using a model of tetrahymena containing previously ingested listeria. the study showed that tetrahymena containing listeria are more susceptible against application of heat, but intrace ...	1989	2516720
monitoring for listeria monocytogenes in the food supply.		1989	2517158
observation on the presence of listeria monocytogenes in axons.	the brains from 16 sheep diagnosed as listerial encephalitis on the basis of clinical signs and histopathology were examined to determine the types of inflammatory cells present and for bacteria. listeria monocytogenes were detected by immunocytochemistry in the brains of the 16 sheep and were also demonstrated in the trigeminal ganglion from the same side as the most severely affected side of the medulla. bacteria were observed within myelinated axons in white matter tracts of the brain and in ...	1989	2517159
comparative studies on susceptibility of the mouse (mus musculus) and the vole (microtus arvalis) to listeria monocytogenes and erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.	the susceptibility of mice and voles to intraperitoneal and subcutan injection of virulent strains has been tested comparatively on 261 mice and 120 voles. using various germ-doses, 50 per cent lethality has been established. listeria monocytogenes serovar 1/2a killed mice in doses of 120,000 and 1.5 x 10(6) germs when injected intraperitoneally and subcutaneously and voles in doses of 1800 and 12,000 germs, respectively. thus voles proved 100 to 120 times more susceptible than mice. erysipeloth ...	1989	2517160
research on listeriosis in milk cows with intramammary inoculation of listeria monocytogenes.	the purpose of our work was to produce 600 litre quantities of milk containing (per ml) 5000 viable listeria monocytogenes, for certification of standard pasteurization technique. preliminary research indicates deep (10 cm) inoculation via teat canal with 3 injections, (10(3), 10(5), 10(7)) per 10-day interval, was better than intraocular or per os route for establishing chronic l. monocytogenes mastitis. although milk yield diminished 25%, chronic l. monocytogenes shedding persisted for 8 month ...	1989	2517161
listeria-meningitis and -septicaemia in immunocompromised patients.	in the period from 1980-86 we obtained 51 strains of listeria from meningitis in adults for serotyping and phage-typing. ten strains were associated with meningitis and 3 with septicaemia of immunocompromised patients. they suffered from leukaemia, diabetes, hodgkin's disease, alcoholism, lupus erythematodes. the lethality rate in these patients was 70%, in other patients with meningitis 30%. phage typing has shown that 4b strains were often determined by the phage-code 00010 and similar codes. ...	1989	2517162
human listeriosis in france in 1987.	the surveillance of human listeriosis is based in france on laboratories' reports. from 1983 to 1986 the trend showed a steady increase of the number of cases reported. the highest annual incidence rate was observed in 1986 with 14.7 cases/million population. in 1987 less cases have been reported; about half of the human strains were typed by the national reference centre of listeriosis showing that 62% were 4b, 22% were 1/2a and 13% were 1/2b. since 1988, the surveillance of listeriosis is comp ...	1989	2517163
towards a physical map of the listeria chromosome: the pulsed field electrophoresis approach.	the possibility of the electrophoretic study of very large fragments of the listeria chromosome (dnas up to 1000 kb) may help to the understanding of the physical organization and functional mapping of the entire genome of this organism. several experiences were done to apply this technology to listeria. agarose inserts were prepared with intact cells and protoplasts, and lysis was induced in situ. inserts with a convenient amount of dna were cleaved in situ again by diffusing restriction enzyme ...	1989	2517164
reacquisition of virulence of haemolysin-negative listeria monocytogenes mutants by complementation with a plasmid carrying the hlya gene.	an haemolysin negative mutant of listeria monocytogenes lo28 produced by insertion of tn917 resulted in an avirulent derivative. the hlya gene of the same strain was previously cloned in escherichia coli and retransfered by transformation to the hly- derivative, after subcloning in the shuttle vector pmk4. the transformant strain (l828) reacquired an haemolytic activity at a similar level than the wild strain. the virulence of this hly+ transformant was estimated by determining the ld50 in swiss ...	1989	2517165
an epidemiological survey of human listeriosis in france during 1987, using serotyping and phage typing.	during 1987 the french national reference center for listeria received, from this country, 384 listeria monocytogenes strains isolated from human listeriosis cases. a constant exchange of information and strains between the reference center and the bacterial ecology unit of the institute pasteur of paris allowed complete characterization of these isolates, using serotyping and phage typing. among the strains studied 22%, 13% and 63%, respectively belonged to serovars 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b, but this ...	1989	2517166
preliminary studies on monocine typing of listeria monocytogenes strains.	about 58% of listeria monocytogenes strains produced monocines. the titres of 1/2a monocines were higher than those of 4b strains.	1989	2517167
the incidence of listeria monocytogenes in farm bulk milks in ne scotland.	raw milk samples (c. 20 ml) were taken from approximately 180 farm bulk tanks in the ne of scotland on 3 occasions over a period from august 1987 to february 1988 and tested for the presence of listeria monocytogenes. the maximum incidence of l. monocytogenes (3.8%) was found in the august sampling, with incidences of 1.02% and 2.7% in october and february. direct enrichment of 0.1 ml was negative and only 2 of the total of 14 positives were obtained by direct enrichment using 1.0 ml of milk, th ...	1989	2517168
examination of listeria monocytogenes in milk products.	the aim of our examinations was to make clear whether listeriae occur in hungarian milk products, first of all, in cheese. in the course of model-examinations, the most suitable enrichment- and isolation media were selected. an examination method was elaborated involving cold-enrichment and koh treatment. milk samples from different parts of the country and cheeses produced by different technologies were examined. to the present, 80 raw milk samples and 100 cheese samples were examined. listeria ...	1989	2517169
persistence of listeria monocytogenes in three sorts of soil.	life time of listeria monocytogenes (strain ps 10401, serovar 4b) was studied in three sorts of soil: a chalky soil, poor in organic matters (ph 8.3) a peaty soil rich in organic matters (ph 5.5) a mixture of a chalky and peaty soil (ph 7.9). about 10(5) colony forming units (c.f.u.) per g of dry material were inoculated to each sort of soil which was incubated at 4 degrees c or at 20 degrees c. periodically samples were taken and a numeration of germs was made on tryptose soy agar. when direct ...	1989	2517170
preservation of the virulence of listeria monocytogenes in different sorts of soil.	listeria monocytogenes (strain ps 10401, serovar 4b) whose virulence was well known, has been placed for 600 days in a sterile chalky soil (ph 8.3) and in a mixture of chalky and peaty soil (ph 7.9) and incubated at 4 degrees c and 20 degrees c. groups of six of1 mice were challenged by subcutaneous injection in the rear left hind foodpad with each sort of germs. three days after inoculation, mice were killed by cervical disruption and numeration of l. monocytogenes was made in the spleen. chemi ...	1989	2517171
thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes in sausage meat.	the heat resistance of a mixture of 10 different strains of listeria monocytogenes inoculated into ground meat and ground meat plus cure was examined. d-values for ground meat ranged from 1.01 min at 62 degrees c to 13.18 min at 56 degrees c. the d-values obtained for ground meat plus cure were approximately 5-8 fold times higher than those for ground meat alone. these results imply that rare meats and possibly some cooked fermented meats may not be heated adequately to inactivate listeria.	1989	2517172
heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes.	raw milk was inoculated with listeria monocytogenes and heat at 69 degrees c to 73 degrees c. the organism was recovered from 46.6% of the heated samples, but not from samples heated at 73 degrees c, after variable periods at refrigeration temperature. the results suggest that a low number of listeriae survive thermal treatments, but cold enrichment is necessary to repair the thermally injured cells.	1989	2517173
heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes.	two methods were used to study the thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes. the d60 degrees c values ranged from 1.3 to 6.5 s in a open vessel. d72 degrees c varied from 0.06 to 1.5 s and z from 3.1 to 6.5 k (38 strains) in capillary tubes. therefore a conventional pasteurization process of 15 s at 72 degrees c could assure 10 to 250 decimal reductions, depending on the strain. six days enrichment at 4 degrees c in milk prior to incubation at 37 degrees c did not show any influence on measu ...	1989	2517174
direct isolation (without enrichment) of listeria monocytogenes in milk.	in the present work we have developed a direct method (without enrichment) for the isolation of listeriae in milk, using the combinated action of sds (sodium dodecyl sulphate), centrifugation and selective media. it is possible to identify even 0.5 listeriae/ml amongst 7.2 x 10(7) c.f.u. contaminants/ml.	1989	2517175
the use of monoclonal antibodies to demonstrate listeria monocytogenes in post mortem tissue using a direct immunofluorescence technique, and to detect a soluble antigen in csf supernatants using an elisa.	a direct immunofluorescence technique was developed using fitc conjugates of anti-listeria antibodies (cl2 and cl17). using this technique listeria monocytogenes (whole cells) were observed in post mortem tissue from 3 patients where listeriosis had been proven by the isolation of the bacterium, and also from a patient where listeriosis was suspected. using one of these monoclonal antibodies (cl2) an indirect antigen capture elisa was developed for the detection of soluble antigen. soluble antig ...	1989	2517176
comparison of immunofluorescent antibody test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to listeria monocytogenes.	this laboratory has used an immunofluorescent antibody test (ifat) for the detection of igg and igm antibodies to listeria monocytogenes. this test is performed using whole cells of serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, and 4b as antigen. sera are pre-absorbed to remove cross-reacting antibodies. this test can diagnose listeriosis by demonstration of seroconversion in appropriately spaced acute and convalescent sera. the disadvantages of this test are the necessity for pre-absorption, the use of three different ...	1989	2517177
genetic regulation of macrophage production in response to surface components of listeria monocytogenes.	resistance to murine listeriosis requires humoral factors which alter production or delivery of monocytes to infective foci. production of such factors is under genetic control and may be modulated by bacterial components. two components from listeria monocytogenes, monocytosis producing activity (mpa) and immunosuppressive activity (isa) were used to study monocytopoiesis in mice with known abnormalities in microphage-related functions. listeria-sensitive a/j mice fail to produce or respond to ...	1989	2517178
the immunological properties of listerial complex ei.	factor ei, besides exerting toxic reactions, is amphipathic, antigenic, chemotaxinogenic, causes blastic transformation, adjuvant effect, hypersensitivity (mif, skin test), activates the res (splenomegaly), increases the macrophage production, prevents listerial infection in mice, mycobacterial infection in guinea pigs and enhances the effect of bcg experimental tuberculosis and neoplasia in mice (sa 180).	1989	2517179
isolation of listeria from french meat products.	one hundred and ten listeria strains were recovered from 378 meat samples: l. monocytogenes (68 strains), l. innocua (45) and l. welshimeri (7). l. monocytogenes isolates mainly belonged to serogroup 1/2 (1/2: 23 strains; 1/2b: 1; 1/2c: 43; 4b: 1). these results contrast those observed for 355 human strains isolated during the same period in france where serovar 4b strains were largely predominant (66.5%). 45% of the strains were phage typable. these results underline the widespread occurrence o ...	1989	2517197
is the conventional doctrine about macrophage activation still true?	the present results challenge the view that macrophage activation leads to a general, non-specific increase of microbicidal activity of these cells. instead, it was found that the interactions between activated macrophages and micro-organisms are dependent on the kind of activation and the type of target micro-organism.	1989	2517221
listeriosis and its transmission by food.	investigations of recent outbreaks and sporadic cases of listeriosis in north america and other countries have shown that the infection can be foodborne. pregnant women and their fetuses, the elderly, and immuno-compromised individuals are at increased risk of listeriosis. listeria monocytogenes, the causative bacterium, is widespread in nature and is found in many foods. it can grow at refrigerator temperatures and is resistant to adverse conditions and to several antibiotics. the generally low ...	1989	2517347
haemolysin producing capacity and mouse-pathogenicity of listeria monocytogenes.	for studying the relationship between their haemolysin producing capacity and pathogenicity on mice, 12 listeria strains were investigated, and 9 of them were reinvestigated one year later. haemolysin production was measured on 51cr-labelled sheep erythrocytes and the 50% haemolysis-inducing dilution of the bacterial suspensions was calculated. pathogenicity of the strains was estimated by intraperitoneal injection of mice. in both experimental series the correlation coefficients were calculated ...	1989	2518147
the use of monoclonal antibodies in the characterization and purification of cell surface antigens of listeria monocytogenes serogroup 4.	soluble antigen was prepared from listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b using a formamide extraction method. antigenic material was detected in this extract by gel diffusion and elisa using anti-listeria monoclonal antibodies. using this elisa, antigen was detected in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) during infection due to l. monocytogenes serovar 4b with wells coated with three of the monoclonal antibodies (cl1, cl2 and cl3). the antigen binding of cl3 was found to be greatly influenced by changes in ion ...	1989	2518148
the use of monoclonal antibodies against listeria monocytogenes in a direct immunofluorescence technique for the rapid presumptive identification and direct demonstration of listeria in food.	two monoclonal antibodies which recognise serogroup specific cell surface antigens of listeria monocytogenes are described. the antibodies were specific for listeria (i.e. did not react with 87 strains of bacteria from 14 other genera). in an indirect immunofluorescent test the antibodies had similar specificities when tested against strains of l. monocytogenes from human infections grown under a number of different growth conditions, and serological reference strains. a direct immunofluorescent ...	1989	2518149
antibiosis of some lactic acid bacteria including lactobacillus acidophilus toward listeria monocytogenes.	eleven strains of lactic acid bacteria were tested by the 'spot' on the 'lawn' method for their antagonistic activity against four strains of listeria monocytogenes. four out of the five strains of lactic acid bacteria most antagonistic toward the pathogen were those cultures known to produce bacteriocins. four other strains of lactic acid bacteria were not antagonistic against listeria by this method. seventeen inhibition zones of the pathogen were obtained at 25 degrees c as compared to 10 at ...	1989	2518151
behavior of listeria monocytogenes in the presence of sodium propionate.	survival or growth of listeria monocytogenes in tryptose broth supplemented with 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.25 or 0.3% sodium propionate was determined when the ph of the medium was 5.0 or 5.6 and incubation was at 4, 13, 21 and 35 degrees c. the pathogen grew in all controls, propionate-free broth, except at 4 degrees c and ph 5.0. at ph 5.6 and 4, 13, 21 and 35 degrees c the bacterium grew in the presence of all propionate concentrations used in this study. the higher concentrations permitted ...	1989	2518227
persistence at source of listeria spp. in raw milk.	from 36 of 315 bulk tank sources of raw milk found to harbour listeria spp., 34 were available for resampling at intervals to determine persistence of the organisms. listeriae were reisolated from 21 sources. in 16 listeria spp. were isolated in one retest. from the other five listeriae were obtained in more than one retest. listerial populations were not particularly persistent. in all but one instance listeriae were not reisolated more than 5 months after initial sampling. intermittent variati ...	1989	2518229
evaluation of enrichment procedures for recovering listeria monocytogenes from dairy products.	six different enrichment media and five selective plating media were compared for their suitability for the recovery of listeria monocytogenes from dairy products. these included media used to test milk products by the u.s. food and drug administration (fda) and the u.s. centers for disease control (cdc), and media developed by the u.s. department of agriculture (usda) for testing meat and poultry products. test samples included naturally contaminated goat's milk, cultured milk products and ice ...	1989	2518230
liquid and solid selective differential media for the detection and enumeration of l. monocytogenes and other listeria spp.	a selective and differential medium (palcam agar) was elaborated for the isolation and enumeration of listeria monocytogenes. palcam is based on columbia agar with 0.05% glucose made selective by the addition of 0.001% polymyxin b, 0.0005% acriflavin, 1.5% lithium chloride and 0.002% ceftazidime. the diagnostic traits were attained by the incorporation of (i) 0.08% aesculin and 0.05% ferric salt; and (ii) 1% mannitol plus 0.008% phenol red. palcam recovered test strains of l. monocytogenes and o ...	1989	2518321
a dna probe specific for l. monocytogenes in the genus listeria.	two dna fragments encoding part of the listeriolysin o of listeria monocytogenes have been used as probes in southern blot experiments to detect the presence of the gene in the genus listeria. under stringent conditions, and using a fragment internal to the gene, only l. monocytogenes reacted with the probe.	1989	2518322
augmentation of resistance of mice to bacterial infection by a polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex (pspg) extracted from lactobacillus casei.	a water-soluble polysaccharide-peptidoglycan complex (pspg) was prepared from heat-killed lactobacillus casei by digesting the bacteria with n-acetylmuramidase. the molecular weight of pspg was over 30,000, and the polysaccharide portion of pspg, its main component was composed of rhamnose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine. mice pretreated intraperitoneally with pspg survived after a lethal infection with listeria monocytogenes or pseudomonas aeruginosa. the growth of infecting ...	1989	2518375
listeria monocytogenes in foods. isolation, characterization and control.	the intent for examining foods for listeria monocytogenes, i.e. for surveying, for epidemiological purposes, or to inspect consignments of foods for microbiological safety, determines which analytical method is to be used. for instance resuscitation of debilitated cells may be required, and the degree of accuracy and precision necessary should be considered. moreover, in the case of acceptance-or-rejection monitoring target values for 'absence' of the pathogen have been amply but not always effe ...	1989	2518379
methods and media for the isolation and cultivation of listeria monocytogenes from various foods.	many methods and media currently exist for the detection and enumeration of listeria monocytogenes. however, the suitability of any specific method or media is influenced by the purpose of the analysis and the type of food being analyzed. food which are likely to contain high populations of contaminating microorganisms require highly selective media for enumeration. moreover, media which contain indicator systems are also helpful in distinguishing l. monocytogenes colonies. in contrast, less sel ...	1989	2518380
analysis of listeria monocytogenes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis and application of the method to epidemiologic investigations.	we examined 310 strains of listeria monocytogenes by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis. fifty-six electrophoretic types (ets) of the organism were defined: 10 for serovar 4b strains, 11 for serovar 1/2b strains, and 30 for serovar 1/2a strains. strains of serovars 1/2c, 3a, and 3b, and a non-typable strain were distributed among the remaining five ets. the mean genetic diversity of the species was 0.41. principal coordinate analysis revealed a sharp division among ets which divided the species i ...	1989	2518381
phage typing of listeria monocytogenes.		1989	2518382
identification and enumeration of virulent listeria strains.	recent outbreaks and a continuous increase in cases of listeriosis underscore the need for rapid, sensitive and reliable techniques to detect listeria. of the species of listeria, only l. monocytogenes has been found to be associated with human infections. one factor which definitely contributes to its pathogenicity is the presence of hemolysins, although l. ivanovii and l. seeligeri also elaborate hemolysins. based upon cloned hemolysin genes, we have developed dna probes specifically for detec ...	1989	2518383
possibilities of differentiation of listerial hemolysins by synergistic hemolytic reactions (camp reactions).		1989	2518384
thermal resistance of listeria monocytogenes in foods.	recent studies on the heat resistance of listeria monocytogenes in dairy products, the discrepancies in results and some of the difficulties involved in comparing interlaboratory experiments are reviewed. in addition, some current work on the thermal resistance of the organism in meat products is discussed.	1989	2518385
impedimetric determination of activity of disinfectants and detergents on listeria: preliminary study.	the efficiency of several disinfectants or detergents against three strains of listeria monocytogenes, one strain of listeria innocua and two strains of streptococcus group d was tested in water as well as in the presence of milk, whey and salt by an impedimetric method using a bactometer m120. certain synergistic effects between active agents and matrix could be observed. differences in sensitivities were noticed amongst the tested strains. products containing iodine, peroxide or quaternary amm ...	1989	2518386
sero-prevalence of agglutinins to listeria monocytogenes in nigerian domestic animals.	a survey using tube agglutination test was conducted to determine the antibody prevalence to listeria monocytogenes serotypes 1/2a, 1/2b, 1/2c, 3a and 4b in 1,190 serum samples of 8 animals species from various sources in kano and kaduna states of nigeria. following absorption with staphylococcus aureus antigen to remove cross-reacting agglutinins, 52 (68.4 p. 100) of the horse samples were positive. twenty-six (36.1 p. 100) pig, 52 (20.8 p. 100) cattle, 50 (20.0 p. 100) goat, 20 (20.0 p. 100) d ...	1989	2518470
[spreading of listeria monocytogenes in cheese dairy products].	the increasingly more frequent occurrences of epidemic nidus of listeria monocytogenes induced the e.e.c. health organisation to research into the diffusion of such microorganism. during the first six months of 1988 the "istituto superiore di sanità" began a research into the presence of listeria monocytogenes in milk and dairy products. the biological section of the "laboratorio di sanità pubblica" of grugliasco (torino) participated in this study and in this work methods and results are report ...	1989	2518760
[listeriosis in the adult: presentation of 14 cases].	the incidence of listeria monocytogenes (lm) infection has increased in recent years, particularly in immunocompromised patients or in those with severe underlying diseases. however, it still is an unusual pathogen. in the present study we report 14 cases of listeriosis in adults, seen from 1978 to 1988. the organism was isolated from the blood in 10 instances, from cerebrospinal fluid in 5, and from a cervical abscess in one. the ages of the patients ranged from 29 to 81 years and there was a c ...	1989	2518783
transferable vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in enterococcus faecium.	enterococcus faecium bm4165 and bm4178, isolated from immunocompromised patients, one treated with vancomycin, were inducibly resistant to high levels of the glycopeptide antibiotics vancomycin and teicoplanin but susceptible to the new lipopeptide daptomycin (ly146032). strain bm4165 was also resistant to macrolidelincosamide-streptogramin b-type (mls) antibiotics. the genes conferring resistance to glycopeptides and to mls antibiotics in strain bm4165 were carried on plasmids pip819 and pip821 ...	1989	2523687
molecular cloning of a murine fibronectin receptor and its expression during inflammation. expression of vla-5 is increased in activated peritoneal macrophages in a manner discordant from major histocompatibility complex class ii.	human fibronectin receptor (vla-5) alpha and beta chain probes were used to identify their mouse homologues in a thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal exudate cell cdna library. sequence analysis of both alpha and beta chain-related murine clones revealed approximately 90% homology to their human counterparts by both nucleotide and derived amino acid sequence comparisons. detectable alpha chain transcripts were seen predominantly in total rna of peritoneal macrophages. beta chain expression, howeve ...	1989	2523953
[the dilemma of listeriosis control by the public health office].	the frequent occurrence of listeria monocytogenes both superficially and in certain foods requires measures in accordance with the federal laws on communicable diseases and safe foods to study possible sources of the infectious agent and prevention if positive findings are reported. on the other hand, due to good defence mechanisms, the majority of the population are not at great risk. this excludes, however, immunodeficient patients, aged persons and newborn. the federal law on notifiable disea ...	1989	2524688
[epidemiology of listeriosis. current data].		1989	2534168
deficient intracellular killing of bacteria by murine alveolar macrophages.	microbiologic methods were used to assess the in vitro phagocytosis and intracellular killing of various species of bacteria by freshly isolated murine peritoneal and alveolar macrophages. peritoneal macrophages showed effective phagocytosis of opsonized streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus epidermidis, and listeria monocytogenes, and moderate ingestion of staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli. alveolar macrophages were poor in phagocytosi ...	1989	2534678
the incidence of listeria spp. in faeces of danish pigs and in minced pork meat.	one hundred and seventy-two samples of pig faeces, collected at a slaughterhouse, were investigated for listeria species. three of the samples (1.7%) contained l. monocytogenes, while l. innocua was demonstrated in four other samples. the 172 samples represented pigs from 72 herds, 14 (19%) of which were spf herds. listeria was not demonstrated in any of the samples from the spf herds representing 24% of all samples investigated. this indicates that the incidence of l. monocytogenes in spf herds ...	1989	2534914
multiple forms of ifn-beta 2/il-6 in serum and body fluids during acute bacterial infection.	many of the major alterations in plasma proteins characteristic of the hepatic acute phase response are regulated by ifn-beta 2/il-6. using a specific bioassay for ifn-beta 2/il-6, which relies on the induction of the hepatic acute phase plasma protein alpha 1-antichymotrypsin in the human hepatoma cell line hep3b clone 2 and its inhibition by anti-rifn-beta 2/il-6 antiserum, we have detected high levels of ifn-beta 2/il-6 in the body fluids of patients with acute bacterial infections. cerebrosp ...	1989	2536416
listeria monocytogenes meningitis.	the history and findings of all patients with listeria meningitis admitted to the university hospital of leuven from 1967 to 1987 were reviewed. listeriosis during pregnancy or the perinatal natal period was not considered. predisposing conditions in these 23 patients included renal transplants (9), immunosuppressive therapy (2), diseases of the lympthoreticular system (3) and chronic alcoholism (1). one man had an inversed t4/t8 ratio. in 7 patients no underlying disorder was detected. disease ...	1989	2538278
suppression of monocyte functions by human cytomegalovirus.	the role of the monocyte in human cytomegalovirus (hcmv)-induced immunosuppression was examined by assessing the ability of the virus to directly suppress various monocyte accessory cell functions. both patient-derived and laboratory-adapted strains of hcmv were capable of impairing antigen-presenting functions of purified human monocytes. in seven of 12 virus-infected samples, there was a significant decrease (p less than 0.05) in the ability of hcmv-infected monocytes to present tetanus toxoid ...	1989	2538390
loss of catalase activity in tn1545-induced mutants does not reduce growth of listeria monocytogenes in vivo.	two catalase-negative mutants of listeria monocytogenes were obtained by chromosomal insertions of the conjugative transposon tn1545. the loss of catalase activity did not reduce the level of virulence of these mutants in mice. indeed, both mutants were capable of growing in host tissues at the same rate as the parental catalase-positive strain. these results favor the view that catalase does not play a critical role in the resistance of l. monocytogenes to macrophage killing.	1989	2545629
dietary marine lipid does not alter susceptibility of (nzbxnzw)f1 mice to pathogenic microorganisms.	female (nzbxnzw)f1 mice were fed for one month with a diet in which the sources of fat were either melted beef tallow or fish oil, the latter regimen being associated with a marked decrease in the expression of auto-immune disease in these animals. to test whether or not this beneficial effect was associated with an increased risk of infection, animals fed each of these diets were challenged intraperitoneally with graded doses of four different classes of microorganisms: a gram positive bacillus ...	1989	2549578
enhancing effect of salmonella enteritidis spa on nonspecific resistance.	the peritoneal macrophages from mice treated with soluble protective antigen (spa) or lipopolysaccharide (lps) showed an increase in chemotactic activity, but muramyl dipeptide (mdp)-induced macrophages did not show any enhancing effect. conversely, the chemotactic activity of mice peritoneal neutrophils was enhanced by spa, lps or mdp treatment. the superoxide anion (o2-)-generating activity of spa-induced macrophages was higher than lps or mdp. and even 30 days after spa treatment, a significa ...	1989	2550565
separation and properties of the haemolysins and extracellular enzymes of listeria monocytogenes and l. ivanovii.	desalted ammonium-sulphate (0-65%) precipitates from the cell-free supernates of 16-24-h cultures of listeria monocytogenes boldy and l. ivanovii (previously l. monocytogenes) type 5 were eluted through sephadex g-200. the enzyme activities gave rise to two main peaks. the first peak (approximate mol. wt of protein 150,000) contained only phosphatase activity (assayed by hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenylphosphate at ph 5.0 and 7.0). the second peak (approximate mol. wts of proteins 40,000-60,000) cont ...	1989	2552122
purification and characterization of two listeria ivanovii cytolysins, a sphingomyelinase c and a thiol-activated toxin (ivanolysin o).	the strong bizonal hemolysis on blood agar and the positive camp reaction with rhodococcus equi denotes the production of two different cytolytic factors by listeria ivanovii. one was characterized as a thiol-activated (sh) cytolysin of 61 kilodaltons and was termed ivanolysin o (ilo) since data suggested that it is different from listeriolysin o, the sh-cytolysin produced by listeria monocytogenes. the other is a 27-kilodalton hemolytic sphingomyelinase c that was found to be the cytolytic fact ...	1989	2553614
predominant utilization of v beta 8+ t cell receptor genes in the h-2ld-restricted cytotoxic t cell response against the immediate-early protein pp89 of the murine cytomegalovirus.	cytotoxic t cell responses to the murine cytomegalovirus (mcmv) were elicited in balb/c mice (h-2d) by infectious virus. eight days after infection, mcmv-primed local lymph node t cells were either depleted for t cells expressing a v beta 8+ tcr or separated into v beta 8+ and v beta 8- subpopulations by a cell sorter using the mab f23.1. t cells were then expanded in vitro under limiting dilution conditions in the presence of il-2 and in the absence of viral ag to avoid selection by ag in vitro ...	1989	2556481
mutations affecting hemolysin production in listeria monocytogenes located outside the listeriolysin gene.	we have investigated the molecular basis of spontaneous mutations leading to non-hemolytic and avirulent variants of the listeria monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strain nctc 7973 using southern hybridization to dna fragments that harbor the listeriolysin gene (hlya) and adjacent regions cloned from a l. monocytogenes serotype 1/2a strain. the analysis of such non-hemolytic variants revealed the presence of a deletion of 300 base pairs, located 1.6 kb upstream of an otherwise intact listeriolysin gen ...	1989	2558949
human tumor necrosis factor increases the resistance against listeria infection in mice.	the resistance in mice against listeria infection was augmented by treatment with recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (tnf). to elucidate this phenomenon, we examined the effect of tnf on macrophage activation. tnf-treated macrophages had listericidal activity in vitro and superoxide anion production. in addition, macrophage migration was inhibited in the presence of tnf. therefore, activation of macrophages by tnf was similar to activation by macrophage-activating factor or macrophage-migra ...	1989	2559307
a genetic approach to demonstrate the role of listeriolysin o in the virulence of listeria monocytogenes.	the locus of insertion of a transposon previously used to obtain a non-haemolytic avirulent mutant was identified: it is the structural gene encoding lisreriolysin o, the thiol-dependent haemolysin, now called hlya. the gene was completely sequenced. the preliminary structural and functional study of the chromosomal region containing the gene indicates that hlya belongs to a monocistronic transcriptional unit. if it is the case, the transposon insertion would have no major polar effect on downst ...	1989	2561037
purification and characterization of cytolysins from listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b and listeria ivanovii.	several exoproteins from listeria monocytogenes serovar 4b (nctc 10527) and listeria ivanovii (atcc) 19119, slcc 2379), respectively, have been purified to homogeneity by thiol-disulfide exchange chromatography and gel filtration. both strains produce a haemolytic/cytolytic protein of mr 58 kda, which has all the properties of a sh-activated cytolysin, the prototype of which is streptolysin o (slo), and this protein has therefore been termed listeriolysin o (llo). in addition a protein of mr 24 ...	1989	2561038
phospholipase c in listeria.	the cooperative and antagonistic effect of extracellular bacterial proteins of streptococcus agalactiae, rhodococcus equi, corynebacterium ovis, and corynebacterium haemolyticum with proteins of listerial strains of various sources, species and serovars of the membrane of sheep erythrocytes was investigated. listeria monocytogenes and listeria ivanovii produce, beside listeriolysin, further proteins. their specific effect on the sheep erythrocyte membrane becomes apparent after the appearance of ...	1989	2561039
antibacterial effect of the glucose oxidase-glucose system on food-poisoning organisms.	the antibacterial effect of the glucose oxidase-glucose system was studied on food-poisoning organisms including staphylococcus aureus, salmonella infantis, clostridium perfringens, bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, listeria monocytogenes and yersinia enterocolitica using automated turbidometry. the bacteria were grown in sterile-filtered meat medium which was either raw or heat-denaturated. the results showed a clear growth inhibition with combinations of 0.5-1.0 mg/ml glucose and 0.5-1.0 ...	1989	2561954
[the effect of listeria factor ei, bcg vaccine and a combination of both on the growth of experimental syngeneic tumors in inbred mice].	the investigation assessed, whether a nonspecific single and repeated immunization induced by listeria monocytogenes ei factor, bcg vaccine and their combination influences the growth of transplanted syngenic methylcholanthrene tumour depending on tumor graft cellularity. the cellularity of 10(4) and 10(5) were investigated. tumour growth was examined 10 and 17 days after the inoculation. it has been found that single ei factor administration did not influence the tumour growth. single bcg vacci ...	1989	2562579
listeriosis.		1989	2562888
destruction of listeria monocytogenes during microwave cooking.		1989	2563121
listeria in food: a veterinary perspective.		1989	2563469
listeria monocytogenes and chilled foods.		1989	2563533
inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced alpha/beta-interferon synthesis by dopamine and the dopamine-1 agonist fenoldopam.	in vitro incubation of listeria monocytogenes-immune spleen cells in the presence of dopamine or fenoldopam, a dopamine-1 (d1) agonist, inhibited alpha/beta-interferon (ifn) synthesis induced by the mitogen lipopolysaccharide (lps), in a manner that appeared to be concentration dependent. in addition, the inhibitory effect of dopamine and fenoldopam on the synthesis of ifn was prevented by incubating immune spleen cells in the presence of haloperidol, a d1 antagonist.	1989	2563736
anything to eat?		1989	2563791
listeriosis in scotland, 1988.		1989	2563856
listeria monocytogenes bacteraemia in aids.		1989	2563872
transglutaminase levels and immunologic functions of bcg-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages isolated by centrifugal elutriation.	bcg-elicited mouse peritoneal macrophages were separated into three subpopulations by counterflow centrifugal elutriation. the three subpopulations were characterized on the basis of the level of a protein cross-linking enzyme, tissue transglutaminase. subpopulation-3 consisted of large cells (greater than 95% esterase positive and greater than 90% viable) and had at least a fivefold higher transglutaminase activity (35 +/- 6 nmol/hr/mg) as compared to macrophages in subpopulation-1 (6 +/- 2 nmo ...	1989	2565358
listeria survives microwave heating.		1989	2570109
cluster of listeriosis isolates with different serovar and phagovar characteristics.		1989	2572926
pregnancy as a natural model of allograft tolerance. interactions between adherent macrophages and trophoblast populations.	from an immunologic viewpoint, the fetus with its paternal antigens may be considered a successful allograft in the maternal host. understanding the basis of this host-allograft relationship remains a fundamental unsolved problem in transplantation immunobiology. we have previously demonstrated that local immunoregulation in the murine placenta prevented macrophage activities necessary for an effective response against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes. given the central role of ...	1989	2573182
listeria monocytogenes and pate.		1989	2573807
typing of listeria monocytogenes for epidemiological studies using dna probes.	we have investigated the possibility of using restriction fragment length polymorphisms (rflps) to distinguish different strains of listeria monocytogenes. cloned dna fragments (probes) were selected from a bacteriophage lambda gene library of l. monocytogenes (l1428). dnas from two lambda clones consisting of a total of approximately 20kb of probe dna were labelled with biotinylated dutp for use in these experiments. the criteria for probe selection were the ability both to hybridise with all s ...	1989	2576579
comparative effects of various classes of mouse interferons on macrophage activation for tumor cell killing.	the effects of mouse interferon-alpha (muifn-alpha), -beta (muifn-beta), and -gamma (muifn-gamma) on macrophage activation for tumor cell killing were determined by using proteose peptone-elicited peritoneal macrophages from c3h/hen and c3h/hej mice under conditions that either included or were free of detectable endotoxin. alone, under the conditions used, none of the interferons was able to activate macrophages directly for tumor cell killing. however, with a second signal provided to responsi ...	1985	2578167
influence of the h-2u haplotype on immune function in f1 hybrid mice. i. antigen presentation.	previously, we reported that myelin basic protein (mbp) peptide 1-37 contains an encephalitogenic epitope for pl/j mice, and mbp peptide 89-169 is encephalitogenic for sjl/j mice. (sjpl)f1 hybrid mice do not respond to immunization with these peptides in a co-dominant manner because the encephalitogenic response to peptide 1-37 dominates. to examine this phenomenon more closely, we tested the ability of mbp-primed parental or f1 t cells to respond to mbp or mbp peptides in the context of pl, sjl ...	1985	2580890
vaccination against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes with a clonotypic antiserum.	the t cell clone 26.1.1, which confers specific protection against the intracellular bacterium listeria monocytogenes, was fused to bw 5147. the resulting t cell hybridoma, tlm1, could be stimulated to secret interleukin 2 by antigen plus accessory cells or concanavalin a. stimulation was specific for an epitope expressed by l. monocytogenes egd but not atcc 19114 and was h-2i-a restricted. antisera against tlm1 were raised in syngeneic mice and tested for their capacity to block tlm1 responses. ...	1985	2580906
treatment of sepsis in patients with neoplastic diseases with intravenous ciprofloxacin.	hospitalized patients with sepsis caused by ciprofloxacin-susceptible organisms were treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin 300 mg every 12 hours. patients were followed closely for side effects and adverse reactions as well as for their response to therapy. culture specimens and laboratory parameters including serum chemistry profile, complete blood cell count, and urinalysis were obtained before, during (every four to five days), and after ciprofloxacin therapy. antimicrobial susceptibility of ...	1989	2589376
an update on the efficacy of ciprofloxacin in animal models of infection.	although animal models of infection are associated with certain limitations in interpretation, properly performed studies provide important information for evaluating the efficacy of new antimicrobial agents in the treatment of human disease. the antibacterial efficacy of the newer quinolones, particularly ciprofloxacin, has undergone extensive evaluation in several animal models. efficacy has been demonstrated in animal models of pneumonia, endocarditis, meningitis, skin and soft-tissue infecti ...	1989	2589379
concentrations of ofloxacin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid of patients without meningitis receiving the drug intravenously and orally.	the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) penetration of ofloxacin given orally or or intravenously was studied in cancer patients without meningitis. each patient was assigned to a different sampling time to assess the relation between time and penetration. ofloxacin was measured in serum and csf by high-pressure liquid chromatography and bioassay. in addition, the bactericidal titers were measured in csf and serum against a set of relevant bacteria. concentrations measured by high-pressure liquid chromato ...	1989	2589841
transient diabetes insipidus following listeria meningitis.	disorders of adh secretion associated with meningitis are usually consistent with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (siadh). this reports an unusual case of central diabetes insipidus following siadh secondary to listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a neonate.	1989	2599842
recurrent listeria monocytogenes meningitis in a heart transplant recipient.	a case of recurrent listeria monocytogenes meningitis is reported, the two episodes arising 4 months and 8 months after the patient had received a heart transplant. both episodes immediately followed increased doses of corticosteroids for allograft rejection. the source of infection was not identified. previous reports and possible explanations of recurrent l. monocytogenes infection are reviewed.	1989	2600442
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in previously healthy adults.		1989	2602265
early events associated with experimental infection of the murine lung with rhodococcus equi.	pneumonia due to rhodococcus equi was induced in the murine lung by deposition of a known dose of organisms. from serial estimations of bacterial numbers in the lungs of inoculated mice, analysis of the cellular composition of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and morphological examination of the lungs, events in the host-parasite interaction were followed until day 7. early bacterial clearance from the lung was dose-dependent but was not sustained. a proportion of the inoculated r. equi was suscepti ...	1989	2607013
listeria monocytogenes meningitis in previously healthy adults.		1989	2616414
[an attempt to control the growth of syngeneic experimental tumors in inbred mice using listeria factor ei, bcg vaccine and a combination of both].	the investigation assessed, whether a nonspecific single and repeated immunization induced by listeria monocytogenes ei factor, bcg vaccine and their combination influences the growth of transplanted syngenic methylcholanthrene tumour depending on tumour graft cellularity. the cellularity of 10(4) and 10(5) were investigated. tumour growth was examined 10 and 17 days after the inoculation. it has been found that single ei factor administration did not influence the tumour growth. single bcg vacc ...	1989	2617123
cerebral listeriosis in adults. three cases report.	the authors describe three autoptic cases of meningoencephalitis in adults due to an emerging pathogen, the gram-positive bacillus listeria monocytogenes. only one of these was an immunosuppressed patient (recurrent carcinoma of the larynx and bladder papillomas), while no severe cause of debilitation was detected in the other two cases, excluding colonic diverticulosis in both. the post-mortem examination revealed leptomeningitis and encephalitis. lympho-monocytic tissue reaction with perivascu ...	1989	2618825