Publications

[sporulation of clostridium perfringens and bacilli (the vaccinal strain sti) depending on the mineral composition of the medium].		1985	2868028
involvement of gangliosides in rabies virus infection.	the role of gangliosides in rabies virus infection of chick embryo-related (cer) cells was investigated. cultured cells were pretreated with neuraminidase to render the cells transiently non-susceptible to viral infection. incubation of these desialylated cells with gangliosides allowed them to incorporate exogenous gangliosides and they recovered their susceptibility to rabies virus infection. infection of cer cells was monitored by specific fluorescence 24 h after virus inoculation. the use of ...	1986	2868068
clostridial infection of renal cell carcinoma.	we report a case of a large gas-filled clostridial abscess in a previously unrecognized renal cell carcinoma. neoplastic tissue has a nonhomogeneous blood supply, creating areas of hypoxia and reduced glucose concentrations, which lead to tumor necrosis and an environment conducive to the growth of anaerobic organisms. anaerobic infection should be considered in any patient with carcinoma and fever. conversely, abscess transformation of a tumor can be the explanation for what otherwise seems to ...	1986	2868130
humoral immune responses in peyronie's disease patients receiving clostridial collagenase therapy.	human igg and ige antibody responses to clostridial collagenase (nucleolysin) were monitored in 150 untreated healthy blood donors and 44 patients receiving intrapenile injections of collagenase for treatment of peyronie's disease. pre, 1 and/or 2 month post treatment sera were analyzed in radioimmunoassays for human igg and ige antibodies using solid phase purified cl. histolyticum collagenase to extract antibodies from serum and 125i-protein a or rabbit anti-human ige to detect bound igg and i ...	1986	2868133
[in vitro activity of ceftriaxone on hospital bacteria. results of a multicenter study].	minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of ceftriaxone were determined by agar dilution for 2 099 strains isolated in six teaching hospitals. mics were less than 1 microgram/ml for the great majority of enterobacteriaceae, with mode mics varying across groups from less than 0.008 micrograms/ml for proteus (mirabilis and indole-positive) to 0.25 for enterobacter. only a few resistant strains were found, mainly among enterobacter and citrobacter. ceftriaxone proved noticeably less active against ...	1985	2868442
[differentiation of the main species of clostridium by gas chromatography].	for the first time in the ussr the properties of microorganisms of the genus clostridium have been studied with the use of the gas-chromatographic techniques. the analysis of the quantitative and qualitative composition of extracellular alcohols and carboxylic acids in 99 museum and newly isolated strains of 18 clostridium species has made it possible to classify these microorganisms with 7 sharply differing groups. the above techniques permit the classification of clostridia with one of the gro ...	1985	2868589
[use of an experimental analytical method for equilibrating nutrient broths for clostridium perfringens type a growth and toxin formation].	a successful attempt to use analytico-experimental approach to the evaluation of experimental data for the scientifically based calculation of the composition of complex culture media, intended for growing pathogenic microorganisms, has been made. the method is based on the evaluation of the specific growth-stimulating and toxin-forming activity of the components of a given culture medium, which are determined by the number of cells grown in the variants of the medium with the limited amount of ...	1985	2868592
the relative importance of enteric pathogens affecting neonates of domestic animals.		1985	2868628
clostridium perfringens type a. comparison of in vitro and in vivo activity of twelve antimicrobial drugs.	penicillin g and imipenem (n-formimidoyl thienamycin) in vitro were the most active of twelve examined antimicrobial drugs against clinical and fecal isolates of clostridium perfringens type a. however, vancomycin and fosfomycin, which revealed suboptimal in vitro bactericidal activity, proved as efficacious as penicillin g and imipenem in an experimental mode of murine gas gangrene. thus, conventional in vitro tests were not uniformly predictive for in vivo (murine) chemotherapeutic efficacy.	1986	2868848
[clostridium perfringens and food poisoning].		1985	2868849
aridicins, novel glycopeptide antibiotics. iii. preparation, characterization, and biological activities of aglycone derivatives.	the aglycone and two pseudoaglycones of aridicin a were prepared by selective hydrolysis and characterized, chemically and biologically. these new analogs demonstrate improved activities in vitro over the parent antibiotics against methicillin sensitive and resistant staphylococci. the major determinant of activity is the mannose substituent, the presence of which results in less potent compounds. the analogs have potent activity against enterococci.	1986	2869019
the seasonality of bacterial quality of water in a tropical developing country (sierra leone).	natural water sources used as drinking-water supplies by rural settlements in sierra leone were examined monthly over a one-year period to detect any seasonal variations in bacterial quality. the 37 degrees c colony count, levels of selected faecal indicator bacteria and the incidence of salmonella spp. were monitored. a seasonality was demonstrated for all the variables, counts generally increasing with the progression of the dry season, culminating in peaks at the transition from dry to wet se ...	1986	2869083
necrotizing enteritis and clostridium perfringens.		1986	2869091
synthesis and investigation of the beta-adrenoceptor agonist and platelet antiaggregatory properties of 1,7,8-trisubstituted 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1h-2-benzazepine analogues of trimetoquinol.	the synthesis and biological evaluation of 7,8-dihydroxy (2) and 7,8-methylenedioxy (3) analogues of 1-[(3,4,5-trimethyoxyphenyl)methyl]-2,3,4,5-tetradhyo-1h-2-b enzazepine on beta-adrenoceptor systems and human platelets were undertaken and compared with trimetoquinol (tmq, 1). whereas 1 is a potent beta-adrenoceptor agonist in guinea pig atria and trachea (pd2 = 8.2), analogue 2 was marginally effective at relaxing guinea pig tracheal smooth muscle (pd2 = 4.4) and inactive as an agonist on gui ...	1986	2869145
uneventful administration of plasma products in a recipient with t-activated red cells.	a patient with t-polyagglutinable red cells and a severe coagulopathy provided an opportunity to observe the results of plasma transfusion in the face of t-activation. the patient was a 52-year-old navajo indian with a perforated gall bladder and related sepsis due to clostridium perfringens. the gall bladder was removed surgically. postoperatively, he had severe thrombocytopenia, and prolonged partial thromboplastin and prothrombin times. the patient's red cells were agglutinated by arachis hyp ...	1986	2869600
etiology and pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis.	sporulated oocysts of eimeria acervulina were administered orally to cage-housed broilers at a dose of 3.5 x 10(5) resulted in mild subclinical coccidiosis. clostridium perfringens incorporated in feed at a level of 2.5 x 10(8) organisms/g. produced lesions characteristic of necrotic enteritis. mortality of 8% (7/80) occurred in birds fed a ration inoculated with cl. perfringens alone. mortality of 35% (28/80) was observed in birds which received an oral dose of e. acervulina and which were fed ...	1985	2869608
production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.	four hybridoma cell lines producing monoclonal antibodies to clostridium perfringens enterotoxin were established by fusion of mouse myeloma and spleen cells obtained from mice immunized with the enterotoxin and its toxoid. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay indicated that the two antibodies, 2-b-4 and 3-g-10, bound to those regions that were located close each other; the others, 3-b-2 and 2-h-2, bound to other independent regions on the enterotoxin. release of 51cr from vero cells with the en ...	1986	2870028
[clinical aspects of food poisoning of microbial origin].		1985	2870149
[effect of immunomodulators on resistance to gas gangrene. the enhanced resistance of white mice to perfringens toxin type a as affected by prodigiozan].	experiments on 575 noninbred white mice have revealed that the nonspecific resistance of the animals to type a c. perfringens toxin can be enhanced by the administration of prodigiosan, a commercial immunostimulating agent. prodigiosan, introduced in 3-4 injections (the last one made 24 hours before intoxication) has been found to enhance the resistance of the animals to the subcutaneous injection of type a c. perfringens toxin by 40-60% and to its intraperitoneal injection by 60-97%.	1986	2870596
rapid extraction of plasmids from clostridium perfringens.	two rapid methods were evaluated for their extraction of plasmids from clostridium perfringens. the first method involved lysis of 1 to 2 ml of c. perfringens culture by treatment with hyaluronidase, lysozyme, and sarcosyl. dna, extracted with phenol-chloroform, was treated with rnase, boiled, and electrophoresed in a 1.2% agarose gel. the second method involved lysis of 2 ml of culture by lysozyme treatment and extraction with alkaline sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds). extracted dna was treated wit ...	1986	2870680
the antitumor agent mitoxantrone binds cooperatively to dna: evidence for heterogeneity in dna conformation.	the equilibrium binding of the antitumor compound dhaq, or mitoxantrone [1,4-dihydroxy-5,8-bis[[2-[(2-hydroxyethyl)amino]ethyl]amino]-9,10- anthracenedione], to various dnas has been examined by optical titration and equilibrium dialysis methods. at low r (bound drug/dna base pair) values, r less than 0.03, dhaq binds, in a highly cooperative manner, to calf thymus and micrococcus lysodeikticus dnas. the binding isotherms for the interaction of dhaq with clostridium perfringens dna and poly(da-d ...	1986	2870736
thermal stability and ligand-binding properties of human plasma alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (orosomucoid) as determined with fluorescent probes.	the fluorescence of 1,8-anilinonaphthalene sulfonate is enhanced and blue-shifted upon binding to alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, a human plasma protein of uncertain function. fluorescence titrations of delipidated protein indicate at least two classes of binding sites having dissociation constants of 0.33 microm and 12 microm at 25 degrees c in 0.02 m potassium phosphate/0.15 m nacl, ph 7.4. exclusion chromatography measurements indicate only 1 binding site per mol protein, suggesting that the heter ...	1986	2870738
detection of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin in stool specimens and culture supernatants by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.	an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was developed to detect and quantitate clostridium perfringens enterotoxin a in culture supernatants and in stool specimens from cases of diarrhea in which high numbers of enterotoxin-producing clostridium perfringens were isolated. to analyze for enterotoxin a, polyvinyl chloride microtiter plates were coated with dilute immune whole rabbit serum. enterotoxin a standards and samples were allowed to react with sensitized wells. the presence of the immobilized ...	1986	2870839
gangrenous cholecystitis and acute cholangitis associated with anaerobic bacteria in bile.	the incidence of anaerobic bacteria in bile, and the relationship between bacterial species isolated from the bile and the clinical characteristics of disease in these patients was studied. one hundred and twenty-five bile specimens obtained during surgery from the same number of patients were cultured aerobically and anaerobically. seventy patients (56%) had positive cultures and in 30% of the patients with positive cultures anaerobic bacteria were recovered, usually together with aerobic bacte ...	1986	2870920
a note on ultra-violet red fluorescence of anaerobic bacteria in vitro.	anaerobes other than the bacteroides melaninogenicus group isolated from clinical material produce an ultra-violet red fluorescence when grown under certain conditions in vitro. these organisms include other members of the genus bacteroides as well as strains of some species of clostridium, bifidobacterium and actinomyces. the major fluorescent pigment was identified as protoporphyrin ix. factors necessary for the production of fluorescence are the presence of blood or haem and a fermentable car ...	1986	2871006
diagnostic importance of clostridium perfringens enterotoxin analysis in recurring enteritis among elderly, chronic care psychiatric patients.	a series of clostridium perfringens-related gastrointestinal outbreaks occurred over a period of several months among elderly, chronic care patients in a psychiatric hospital. several serotypes of c. perfringens and many nontypeable isolates were found. the distribution of certain serotypes and the incidence of detection of enterotoxin in fecal extracts were related to wards on which patients were resident (six wards were involved). several patients were reported to have chronic or recurring fec ...	1986	2871043
[treatment of complicated anaerobic paraproctitis].		1986	2871217
spontaneous necrotic enteritis in young rfm/ms mice.	fatal necrotic enteritis was observed in mice 24-52 days old in the rfm/ms breeding colony maintained in a clean conventional condition in the national institute of radiological sciences. gross lesions included hyperaemia, petechiae, erosion and the occasional formation of pseudomembranes in the mucosa of the ileum and caecum. histologically, there was necrotic enteritis with numerous gram-positive bacilli-forming spores but no inflammatory cell reaction. non-type-a clostridium perfringens was i ...	1986	2871226
isolation of clostridium species from herbage.	a total of fourteen herbage samples were collected from paddocks on six farms from two states of nigeria. these samples yielded twenty two clostridial isolates out of which eleven were identified as clostridium perfringens and five as clostridium bifermentans. the other species identified were less frequently isolated. no farm yielded all the species isolated. the farm with the highest distribution of the species of clostridium was government farm, butura, plateau state, with a frequency distrib ...	1985	2871477
a review of the sheep-multiple sclerosis connection.	this paper reviews a notion that the prevalence of multiple sclerosis is high in global areas where sheep populations are concentrated. pilot studies are reported to serum antibodies in humans to three sheep diseases; focal symmetrical encephalomalacia (fse), maedi visna and sarcocystis. in ms patients and controls antibodies were not found to the epsilon neurotoxin of the fse organism, clostridium welchii type d and to a caprine retrovirus that is closely related to maedi-visna virus. however, ...	1986	2871478
[acute necrotizing colitis in immunodepressed patients].		1986	2871596
discitis due to clostridium perfringens.	diagnosis of the infectious process of the intervertebral disc is often delayed due to the lack of specifity of the clinical picture. this delay in diagnosis and consequently in treatment can lead to severe neurologic sequela. in these cases, punction biopsy of the intervertebral disc is of special value. the authors found no mention in the literature concerning chlostridium perfringens discitis verified by aspiration and fluid culture extracted by intervertebral disc puncture.	1986	2871633
role of sialic acid in cell receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus.	the role of sialic acid in the receptors for vesicular stomatitis virus (vsv) was investigated by treating chick embryo related (cer) cells and goose erythrocytes with neuraminidases from different sources and studying the effects produced on both infection and haemagglutination. the virus attachment to cer cells was reduced by their treatment with c. perfringens and a. ureafaciens neuraminidases and the susceptibility to viral infection of desialylated cer cells was recovered by coating with ga ...	1986	2871728
the efficacy of pefloxacin in comparison to gentamicin in the treatment of experimentally induced peritonitis in rats.	a reproducible experimental model of intra-abdominal infections in rats has been devised in order to stimulate intra-abdominal sepsis in patients. pre-operatively, the rats were fed with lean ground beef for two weeks in order to change the intestinal flora to one similar to that of humans. a 1 cm segment of ileum was isolated on its vascular pedicle. the intestine was then divided at each end of the segment and intestinal continuity was re-established by an end-to-end anastomosis. the segment o ...	1986	2872197
comparison of agar dilution, microdilution, and disk elution methods for measuring the synergy of cefotaxime and its metabolite against anaerobes.	the activities of cefotaxime (ctx) and desacetyl cefotaxime (des-ctx) were tested both singly and in combination against 173 anaerobic clinical isolates. the mic of ctx for 50% of 60 bacteroides fragilis isolates was 22.4 micrograms/ml in broth, compared with 47.4 micrograms/ml in agar. this reduced efficacy in agar was seen with all species tested and is in apparent conflict with reported clinical efficacy of the drug. synergy between ctx and des-ctx was observed with 70 to 100% of the isolates ...	1986	2872231
ganglioside identification on human monocyte membrane with clostridium perfringens delta-toxin.	clostridium perfringens delta-toxin was first described as a hemolysin with a restricted lytic spectrum. a selective cytotoxicity of the delta-toxin was then found on rabbit leukocytes: peritoneal and alveolar macrophages were uniformly killed, whereas thymocytes were essentially resistant. the toxin was shown to be specific for gm2 ganglioside or a gm2-like structure. in the present study we report the interaction of delta-toxin with human monocytes. a specific, saturable, and irreversible bind ...	1986	2872258
enteritis necroticans (pig-bel) on thai/kampuchean border?		1986	2872531
biochemical differentiation between enterotoxigenic heat-sensitive and heat-resistant clostridium perfringens strains.	some biochemical characteristics of 37 enterotoxigenic clostridium perfringens strains isolated from human feces, ground beef, and soil samples by heat-selection methods and of two nctc strains were studied. two different biochemical patterns closely related to the heat resistance of the strains were found. the strains placed into group 1 were trehalose, inositol, and sorbitol negative and synthesized heat-resistant spores, while those placed into group 2 were trehalose and inositol positive and ...	1986	2872579
[clostridium perfringens and gas gangrene].		1986	2872759
colostral transfer of clostridium perfringens type c beta antitoxin in swine.	nine bred gilts were vaccinated with 2 doses of a clostridium perfringens type c toxoid at a 5-week interval. time of vaccination during gestation differed among the gilts. clostridium perfringens beta antitoxin in colostral samples and in serum samples was titrated in mice. blood was collected from 2 to 5 neonatal pigs from each dam (total = 32 pigs) when the pigs were 36 to 48 hours old. antitoxin titers in colostrum were 123 to 4.5 iu/ml, indicating considerable variation in individual respon ...	1986	2872843
effect of membrane perturbation on protein kinase c activation: treatment with exogenous phospholipase c decreases translocation of enzyme to cellular membranes.	incubation of mouse epidermal hel-37 cells with c. perfringens phospholipase c for 30 min caused a partial loss of protein kinase c activity after 30 min incubation. essentially all the kinase activity was present in the cytosolic fraction of both control and treated cells, despite the continued hydrolysis of phospholipid by the exogenous phospholipase. at shorter incubation times with phospholipase c (5 and 10 min) an association of protein kinase with particulate material was observed, presuma ...	1986	2872887
activation of phosphatidic acid metabolism of human erythrocyte membranes by perfringolysin o.	the effect of perfringolysin o on the lipid metabolism of human erythrocyte membranes was investigated. erythrocytes were prelabeled with [3h]arachidonic acid and [32p]inorganic phosphate. in the presence of calcium ion(5.5 mm), the effect of perfringolysin o on lipid metabolism was very similar to that of an calcium-ionophore a23187. in the absence of calcium ion, the accumulation of phosphatidic acid and its following decreasing trend were observed during the reaction with the toxin. such chan ...	1986	2872892
hemorrhagic enteritis caused by clostridium perfringens type c in a foal.	a 4-day-old foal died with bloody diarrhea. using a mouse neutralization test, clostridium perfringens type c was isolated from intestinal contents, and alpha and beta toxins were identified. about 4 m of the jejunum had severe necrohemorrhagic enteritis. microscopically, large, rod-shaped, gram-positive bacteria were seen on necrotic intestinal villi by use of brown and hopp's stains.	1986	2873119
[three epidemics of food poisoning caused by clostridium perfringens occurring near the regional hospital of perugia in 1982 and 1983].		1985	2873556
toxin-types of clostridium perfringens strains isolated from sheep, cattle and paddock soils in nigeria.	two-hundred and forty-five strains of clostridium perfringens isolated from the faeces of apparently healthy sheep and cattle and from their environments (paddock soils) in kano and kaduna states of nigeria were studied. the isolates were examined by the toxin-antitoxin neutralisation tests performed intradermally in depilated albino guinea-pigs. one-hundred and twenty-seven (53.1%) of the isolates were type a, 17 (7.1%) were type b, 14 (4.9%) were type c, 44 (18.4%) were type d and 19 (7.9%) we ...	1986	2873674
degradation of pig gastric and colonic mucins by bacteria isolated from the pig colon.	mucin degradation was studied with one clostridium (rs42) and two bacteroides (rs2 and rs13) strains isolated from the pig colon mucosa. mucins from pig colon and stomach were prepared in their subunit forms for use as growth substrates, and the loss of the individual sugars from the mucins was measured after bacterial growth. colonic mucin was more resistant to degradation than gastric mucin. the strains differed in their competence in degrading the mucins. carbohydrate plus sulfate removal fro ...	1986	2873788
modified plasmid isolation method for clostridium perfringens and clostridium absonum.	a rapid plasmid isolation procedure for clostridium perfringens and c. absonum is described. the ratio of culture volume to lysis buffer volume was found to be crucial for efficient plasmid isolation. the method can be scaled up, without difficulty, for large-scale plasmid preparation.	1986	2873789
lethal effect of butylated hydroxyanisole as related to bacterial fatty acid composition.	bacillus cereus, clostridium perfringens, staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas fluorescens, pseudomonas fragi, escherichia coli, and salmonella "anatum" were challenged with butylated hydroxyanisole (bha). susceptibility was measured as the concentration of bha required to cause a 90% reduction in bacterial survivors. staphylococcus aureus lp and p. fragi were two of the most resistant species examined; c. perfringens and p. fluorescens were the most susceptible. gram stain reaction was found not ...	1986	2873790
factors controlling the size of dna loops in frog embryos and friend erythroleukemia cells.	measurements were made of the average size of fluorescent halos of nucleoids of developing frog embryos, mouse fibroblasts (a9 cells) and friend erythroleukemia cells cultured with various compounds. these halos are thought to represent relaxed lengths of loops of dna attached to the nuclear matrix. measurement of transcription of rna from nuclei in vitro suggested that cells with more loops (smaller halos) had more initiation sites for transcription. dna loop number decreases during development ...	1986	2873897
mycotic right coronary artery aneurysm: ct and mr diagnosis.	a clostridial mycotic aneurysm of the right coronary artery was diagnosed by the use of multiple imaging modalities including gated magnetic resonance imaging. percutaneous drainage was performed as a palliative measure in hope of avoiding repeat sternotomy.	1986	2874161
large outbreaks of clostridium perfringens food poisoning associated with the consumption of boiled salmon.	five large outbreaks of food poisoning are described in which clinical, epidemiological or laboratory data indicated clostridium perfringens as the causative organism. the foodstuff common to all incidents was boiled salmon served cold as an hors d 'oeuvre. in all cases the fish had been subject to a long period of cooling or storage between boiling and consumption. it is thought that multiplication of the organism occurred during this time. recommendations are made for the avoidance of further ...	1986	2874173
[trials of immunostimulation of an antitoxic response with levamisole in the immunization of sheep with a combined clostridial vaccine].	comparative investigations were carried out on the antibody level in test animals--sheep, vaccinated with a polyvaccine against c and d enterotoxemia and necrotic hepatitis as well as in combined application with levamisol. it was found that with the use of the preparation the stimulation of immunogenesis with type d and necrotic hepatitis--type b antigens (included in the composition of the polyvaccine) was enhanced. no stimulation of immunogenesis with the type c specific antigen was found wit ...	1986	2874649
an immobilized bienzyme system for assay of sialic acid.	sialic acid has been assayed enzymatically by an immobilized two-enzyme system. the method includes cleavage of sialic acid to pyruvic acid by n-acetylneuraminic acid (nana) aldolase and reduction of pyruvic acid by lactate dehydrogenase in the presence of nadh, which is followed photometrically at 349 nm. for the membrane preparation 5 units of lactate dehydrogenase and 1 unit of nana-aldolase were used. the ph optimum of the reaction using potassium phosphate buffer was 7.0. this two-enzyme me ...	1986	2874818
experimental production of hemorrhagic enterotoxemia by clostridium perfringens type c in maturing lambs.	maturing lambs, eight to nine months old, were dosed by the intraduodenal route with various preparations of clostridium perfringens type c. whole cultures of this organism or cells suspended in fresh medium, both supplemented with soybean flour as a protease inhibitor, produced acute fatal hemorrhagic enterotoxemia in these animals. the latter preparation was more effective than the former in causing disease. without the soybean supplement the inocula did not produce fatal disease. dosing with ...	1986	2874878
scaled-up production and purification of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	methods for small-scale production of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin were unsuitable for large-scale culture of this organism. rapid, efficient harvesting of 40 1 batch culture of cl. perfringens was achieved by tangential flow micro-filtration with the millipore pellicon cassette system. enterotoxin-containing extracts were prepared by passing concentrated suspensions of the harvested cells through a french pressure cell. the overall yield of purified enterotoxin was 38.8%. the toxi ...	1986	2875051
potent antagonism of escherichia coli, bacteroides ovatus, fusobacterium varium, and enterococcus faecalis, alone or in combination, for enteropathogens in anaerobic continuous flow cultures.	interactions between representative strains of four predominant resident bacteria of the human colon, escherichia coli, enterococcus faecalis, bacteroides ovatus, and fusobacterium varium, and strains of seven enteropathogens, yersinia enterocolitica, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. cholerae serogroup non o1, staphylococcus aureus, and clostridium perfringens, were examined in studies with an anaerobic continuous flow culture system and medium resembling th ...	1986	2875188
effects of phospholipases c on the beta-receptor-adenylate cyclase system of chick erythrocyte membranes.	the beta-adrenergic receptor located in chick erythrocyte membranes was characterized using (-)-[3h]-dihydroalprenolol ([3h]-dha) with rapid filtration techniques. the affinity of beta-adrenergic antagonist, (-)-propranolol, was approximately 100-fold higher than that of (+)-propranolol. catecholamines were bound with the receptor in the following order, (-)-isoproterenol greater than (-)-norepinephrine greater than (-)-epinephrine, suggested the binding site to be beta 1-classification. when th ...	1986	2875718
susceptibility of clostridium perfringens type a to 23 antimicrobial drugs.	a total of 106 strains of clostridium perfringens type a, that had been isolated very recently from faecal cultures of healthy adults, were examined for susceptibility to 23 antimicrobial drugs (agar dilution method). all strains were susceptible to ampicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefotetan, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, fusidic acid, imipenem, metronidazole, mezlocillin, ofloxacin, penicillin g, piperacillin, teicoplanin, and vancomycin. teicoplanin and imipenem were the most active ...	1986	2875853
clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia in a newborn foal.	a 1-day old, full-term foal with a history of colic died 2 hours after admission. necropsy revealed an extremely flaccid, fluid-filled intestinal tract. histopathologically, the superficial intestinal mucosa was completely necrotic, with minimal inflammatory response. numerous large, gram-positive rods covered the villi. clostridium perfringens was isolated on bacteriologic culturing of the intestinal tract contents and was identified as type c by toxin neutralization tests.	1986	2875986
influence of the amino acid moiety on deconjugation of bile acid amidates by cholylglycine hydrolase or human fecal cultures.	the influence of the chemical structure of the amino acid (or amino acid analogue) moiety of a number of synthetic cholyl amidates on deconjugation by cholylglycine hydrolase from clostridium perfringens was studied in vitro at ph 5.4. conjugates with alkyl homologues of glycine were hydrolyzed more slowly as the number of methylene units increased (cholylglycine greater than cholyl-beta-alanine greater than cholyl-gamma-aminobutyrate). in contrast, for conjugates with the alkyl homologues of ta ...	1986	2876046
the significance of clostridial isolates in intra-abdominal sepsis.	in order to evaluate the significance of clostridial species in intra-abdominal infections, the bacteriology records of three hospitals were reviewed during a period of five years. included in this report were 41 patients from whom clostridial species were recovered from specimens of free peritoneal fluid, abscess cavities or bile. seven patients died for a mortality rate of 17.1 per cent. most patients had polymicrobial infections of which clostridial organisms were one of the several anaerobes ...	1986	2876527
[enterotoxemia in newborn calves due to cl. perfringens types a, c and d].	the clinical symptoms and the morphologic picture of calf enterotoxemia are described. studied were a total of thirty-two dead and slaughtered animals. bacteriologically, the disease was shown to be caused by types a, d, and c of clostridium perfringens. types c and d proved pathogenic for guinea pigs, while type a did not. isolated was a strain of clostridium perfringens, which had high toxigenicity. it was found that calves were fairly often affected with the disease. most severe were the infe ...	1986	2876542
anaerobic infections in childhood.	bacteroides melaninogenicus and bacteroides oralis are predominant anaerobes in orofacial infections and aspiration pneumonia. fusobacterium species are common pathogens in aspiration pneumonia, brain abscesses and orofacial infections. clostridium perfringens can cause bacteremia and wound infections. clostridium botulinum can produce a paralytic toxin that causes a paralytic syndrome in infants. clostridium difficile can cause diarrhea or antibiotic-associated colitis.	1986	2876620
[methodological approaches to the rapid determination of the sensitivity of the causative agent of gas gangrene to antibiotics].	the results of the studies on development of a rapid assay of antibiotic sensitivity of gas gangrene causative agents with their high nutrient requirements under obligatory anaerobiosis are summarized. the data on development of a uniform standard nutrient medium with the use of dry components made in the ussr are presented for the first time. the medium is intended for rapid assay of antibiotic sensitivity of the main causative agents of gas gangrene, i.e. c. perfringens, c. oedematiens, c. his ...	1986	2876676
changes in the cell wall of clostridium species following passage in animals.	morphological changes in clostridial isolates after animal passage with other flora in mixed infections were studied by utilizing a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. we used 26 isolates of 7 clostridial species, and one isolate each of bacteroides fragilis and klebsiella pneumoniae. abscesses were induced by all 7 clostridium perfringens and 3 clostridium butyricum isolates and by some of the other isolates. a thick granular wall prior to animal inoculation was shown only in c. perfringens, c. ...	1986	2876678
enterotoxin synthesis by nonsporulating cultures of clostridium perfringens.	chemostat-cultured clostridium perfringens atcc 3624 and nctc 10240, and a nonsporulating mutant strain, 8-5, produced enterotoxin in the absence of sporulation when cultured in a chemically defined medium at a 0.084-h-1 dilution rate at 37 degrees c. the enterotoxin was detected by serological and biological assays. examination of the chemostat cultures by electron microscopy did not reveal sporulation at any stage. the culture maintained enterotoxigenicity throughout cultivation in a continuou ...	1986	2876679
necrotic enteritis in cage-reared commercial layer pullets.	necropsy of five 12-week-old pullets from a flock of 99,300 suffering from an increased mortality rate revealed enlarged, gas-filled intestines, the mucosal surfaces of which had the "dirty turkish towel" appearance typical of necrotic enteritis. although the pullets had been raised entirely in cages, intestinal scrapings revealed the presence of eimeria maxima. histopathological findings were compatible with necrotic enteritis. clostridium perfringens was isolated by anaerobic culture from the ...	1986	2876698
anaerobic bacterial infections and response to treatment in dogs and cats: 36 cases (1983-1985).	anaerobic bacteria have been increasingly implicated as important pathogens in animals. to determine the prevalence of anaerobic bacterial infection, the results of anaerobic bacteriologic culture of 599 specimens obtained from dogs and cats hospitalized at the colorado state university veterinary teaching hospital were reviewed. obligate anaerobic bacteria were isolated from 35% of properly submitted specimens; bacteroides spp and fusobacterium spp were the organisms most commonly isolated. inf ...	1986	2876976
comparative study on the immunogenic properties of clostridium perfringens type a toxoid.	the paper presents the results of a study on the immunogenic properties of toxoid preparations from cl. perfringens type a obtained using the routine method of detoxifying alpha = toxin in the culture medium (commercial preparations) and by means of detoxifying a previously purified alpha = toxin (experimental preparations). when tested in immunized guinea pigs, the immunogenicity of experimental preparations was found to be 4.5 to 6 times that of commercial preparations. in mice, there was no d ...	1986	2877025
reaffirmation of the validity of enzymatic cleavage of lithocholic acid from n-epsilon-lithocholyl-l-lysine and n-alpha-cbz-n-epsilon-lithocholyl-l-lysine.	n-epsilon-lithocholyl-l-lysine or n-alpha-cbz-n-epsilon-lithocholyl-l-lysine when incubated overnight at 37 degrees c with 3 k units of clostridial cholanoylaminoacid hydrolase (from clostridium perfringens atcc 19574) in the presence of disodium edta (0.1 m), beta-mercaptoethanol (0.1 m), and sodium acetate buffer, ph 5.6, released free lithocholic acid. the latter material was isolated by thin-layer chromatography and identified by combined gas-liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry in the fu ...	1986	2877042
[activity of cefotetan against anaerobic bacteria].	we determined the susceptibility to antibiotics of 64 strains of obligate anaerobes. tested bacterial strains were as follows: 28 bacteroides fragilis, 22 fusobacterium nucleatum, 10 clostridium perfringens, and 4 bacteroides bivius. tested antibiotics were cefotetan, cefoxitin and piperacillin. cefotaxime was tested against 20 bacteroides fragilis strains. bacteroides fragilis, which is the most resistant species, was susceptible to cefotetan, cefoxitin and piperacillin, with comparable mics fo ...	1986	2877431
clostridial infections of the lungs and pleura.		1986	2877498
retrorectal tumor: is biopsy risky?	a 55-year-old white man with an extensive retrorectal tumor died after transrectal needle biopsy. the indications and methods for biopsy of tumors in this location are controversial and are not well delineated in the literature. when resection seems unlikely or risky, or if a neoplasm is suspected which could be treated by nonsurgical means, biopsy is indicated. antibiotics with aerobic and anaerobic coverage should be given prophylactically. when ct scan or sigmoidoscopic findings suggest a nec ...	1986	2877499
clostridium perfringens iota toxin: synergism between two proteins.	the iota toxin of clostridium perfringens type e is a guinea pig dermonecrotic, mouse lethal toxin which cross-reacts with the iota-like toxin of clostridium spiroforme. antiserum raised against c. spiroforme or c. perfringens type e neutralizes the toxin from both species. by using c. spiroforme antiserum and crossed immunoelectrophoresis, we have found that there are two cross-reacting proteins, designated iota a (ia) and iota b (ib) in the culture filtrate of c. perfringens type e. both prote ...	1986	2877514
control of an outbreak of wet-tail in a closed colony of hamster (mesocricetus auratus).		1986	2877518
prevalence of various enteropathogens in the feces of diarrheic and healthy calves.	the presence of various enteropathogens was examined in the feces of homebred dairy calves reared in a restricted geographical area of france (north west of county of indre-et-loire) during winter 1983-1984. two distinct surveys were carried on: a case-control study including 32 diarrheic calves and 21 healthy calves bred in 53 different farms; and a separate study on nine diarrheic calves in another farm. the following infectious agents were looked for, by specific methods of detection: escheri ...	1986	2877609
evaluation of the diagnostic application of an enzyme immunoassay for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin.	the diagnostic application of an enzyme immunoassay for clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin was evaluated. test results from 100 individuals associated with c. perfringens gastroenteritis outbreaks and 111 control individuals were included. the assay sensitivity was 93.7%, and the assay specificity was 98.7%.	1986	2877617
[food poisoning in a home for the aged].		1986	2877642
clostridium perfringens and rheumatoid arthritis.		1986	2877709
purification by high performance liquid chromatography of clostridium perfringens type a enterotoxin prepared from high toxin producers selected by a toxin-antitoxin halo.	high enterotoxin-producing substrains of clostridium perfringens type a were selected reproducibly as colonies having toxin-antitoxin haloes on agar plates of duncan-strong medium containing antitoxin serum. enterotoxin from these substrains was subjected to rapid purification by high performance liquid chromatography (hplc). for this, the toxin was extracted by sonication from sporulating bacteria grown in duncan-strong sporulation medium, fractionated by ammonium sulfate (40% saturation) preci ...	1985	2877901
purification and characterization of clostridium perfringens iota toxin: dependence on two nonlinked proteins for biological activity.	clostridium perfringens type e iota toxin, a dermonecrotic and lethal binary toxin, was purified to homogeneity. each protein component of the toxin, iota a (ia) or iota b (ib), appeared as a single band by gradient or sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and yielded a single immunoprecipitin arc by crossed immunoelectrophoresis with homologous antiserum. individually, ia (mr 47,500) or ib (mr 71,500) had little biological activity. however, when combined in equimolar amount ...	1986	2877949
characterization of a bacteriocinogenic plasmid from clostridium perfringens and molecular genetic analysis of the bacteriocin-encoding gene.	the bacteriocinogenic plasmid pip404 from clostridium perfringens was isolated and cloned in escherichia coli, and its physical map was deduced. expression of the bcn gene, encoding bacteriocin bcn5, is inducible by uv irradiation of c. perfringens and thus resembles the sos-regulated bacteriocin genes of enteric bacteria. the location of bcn on pip404 was established by a dot-blot procedure, using specific hybridization probes to analyze mrna samples from induced and uninduced cultures. from th ...	1986	2877971
cold-labile hemolysin produced by limited proteolysis of theta-toxin from clostridium perfringens.	a nicked toxin whose hemolytic activity is temperature dependent was obtained by limited proteolysis of theta-toxin (mr 54,000) with subtilisin. the nicked toxin (c theta) is a complex of two fragments: the n-terminal fragment (mr 15,000) with basic isoelectric point and the c-terminal fragment (mr 39,000) with the single cysteinyl residue of the toxin whose reduced form is essential for the hemolytic activity. c theta hemolyzes erythrocytes only at temperatures above 25 degrees c, whereas the n ...	1986	2878682
[in vitro study of the diffusion of metronidazole (klion) in extracted teeth].		1986	2878831
the titration of clostridial toxoids and antisera in cell culture.	the practicability of cell culture titration methods for antigens and antitoxins derived from clostridium perfringens, cl. septicum and cl. novyi was investigated. toxin neutralization could not be demonstrated with cl. perfringens filtrates but assays for antitoxin based on the use of cultures of vero cells were practicable for cl. novyi and cl. septicum. in the case of the latter, the precision and reproducibility of the test was sufficient for quality control purposes.	1986	2878845
molecular basis for the pathological actions of clostridium perfringens iota toxin.	clostridium perfringens type e iota toxin is composed of two separate and independent polypeptide chains that act synergistically in mouse lethal assays. the light chain is an enzyme that mono(adp-ribosyl)ates certain amino acids. the enzyme displays substantial activity when homopoly-l-arginine is used as a substrate, but it shows little activity when polyasparagine, polylysine or polyglutamic acid are used. in keeping with the properties of an adp-ribosylating enzyme, the toxin possesses the f ...	1987	2878881
pathogenicity of clostridium species with other bacteria in mixed infections.	the relationship of clostridial isolates with other bacteria in mixed infections was studied by means of a subcutaneous abscess model in mice. we used 26 isolates of seven clostridial species, two bacteroides spp., eight gram-positive facultative or anaerobic cocci and three enteric gram-negative aerobic rods. abscesses were induced by all seven clostridium perfringens and three c. butyricum isolates and by some of the others. selective antimicrobial therapy experiments showed that enteric gram- ...	1986	2878957
analysis of sialidase and n-acetylneuraminate pyruvate-lyase substrate specificity by high-performance liquid chromatography.	a rapid and sensitive assay by high-performance liquid chromatography for determination of the activity and substrate specificity of sialidase (ec 3.2.1.18) and n-acetylneuraminate lyase (ec 4.1.3.3) is described. sialic acids were separated on a strong anion-exchange resin using 0.75 mm sodium sulfate as elution medium. this method allows the determination of a minimum amount of 200 pg (0.6 pmol) of sialic acid. usually the enzyme mixtures were directly applied to the column without prior purif ...	1986	2879483
comparison of clindamycin, rifampin, tetracycline, metronidazole, and penicillin for efficacy in prevention of experimental gas gangrene due to clostridium perfringens.	gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens is associated with significant mortality and morbidity in spite of penicillin treatment. although prompt surgical debridement has been established as the primary therapeutic objective, additional studies are needed for determination of the optimal antimicrobial therapy. in a mouse model of gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens, clindamycin, metronidazole, rifampin, and tetracycline were all more efficacious than penicillin (p less than .05) ...	1987	2879873
cell surface sialylation of two human tumor cell lines and its correlation with their platelet-activating activity.	the relationship between cell surface sialylation and platelet-activating activity was studied in two tumor cell lines of human origin, the sknmc neuroblastoma line and the u87mg glioblastoma line. their platelet-activating activity was evaluated in two different experimental systems, one that measures platelet aggregation and the other that quantifies platelet thrombus formation on vascular subendothelium under flow conditions. our results demonstrate that, for the sknmc line, the loss of 30% o ...	1987	2880661
[standardization and reproducibility of gas chromatographic research on the cellular fatty acids of microorganisms].		1987	2880882
[clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia (necrotizing enteritis) in suckling pigs. 1. study of the experimental production of disease by clostridium perfringens type c poisoning and infection (experimental set-up, clinical aspects, pathological findings)].		1986	2881525
[clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia (necrotizing enteritis) in suckling pigs. 2. light and electron microscopic studies of the pathology and pathogenesis of experimental clostridium perfringens type c toxin poisoning].		1986	2881526
[clostridium perfringens type c enterotoxemia (necrotizing enteritis) of suckling pigs. 3. light and electron microscopic studies of the pathology and pathogenesis of experimental clostridium perfringens type c infection].		1986	2881527
identification of tn4451 and tn4452, chloramphenicol resistance transposons from clostridium perfringens.	the recombinant plasmids pjir45 and pjir97 contain the chloramphenicol resistance determinants derived from the clostridium perfringens r plasmids pip401 and pjir27, respectively. escherichia coli cultures which harbored these recombinant plasmids rapidly became chloramphenicol sensitive when grown in the absence of chloramphenicol. the loss of resistance was associated with the loss of 6.2-kilobase (kb) segments from both plasmids. detailed restriction analysis of e. coli- and c. perfringens-de ...	1987	2881919
age related variations of serum concentrations of normally occurring igg antibodies to clostridium perfringens.	in studies using indirect immunofluorescence igg antibodies to clostridium perfringens were found in sera from healthy adults. sera from 236 healthy children were examined. the normally occurring igg antibodies to c perfringens were found to have an age related variation. preliminary data suggest that they are not correlated to c perfringens alpha toxin. the antigen(s) against which the antibodies are directed is/are probably part of the cell wall, but its/their exact nature is not known.	1987	2881950
effect of antibiotics on toxin production and viability of clostridium perfringens.	we have recently reported (d.l. stevens, k.a. maier, b.m. laine, and j.e. mitten, j. infect. dis. 155:220-228, 1987) that clindamycin, rifampin, and tetracycline were more efficacious than penicillin in the treatment of fulminant gas gangrene in mice caused by clostridium perfringens. we hypothesize that antibiotic efficacy correlated with bactericidal or toxin-suppressing properties of these agents. to investigate the possibility that penicillin is only bacteriostatic against c. perfringens, we ...	1987	2882731
comparison of single and combination antimicrobial agents for prevention of experimental gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens.	the treatment of experimental gas gangrene caused by clostridium perfringens was investigated by using combinations of antimicrobial agents. this study demonstrated that rifampin, penicillin, metronidazole, and clindamycin were all bactericidal against standard inocula (10(5) to 10(6) cfu). these antimicrobial agents were then administered to mice beginning 30 min after intramuscular injection of 10(9) cfu of c. perfringens type a. the highest doses used produced levels of drug in blood which ex ...	1987	2882732
chemical and biological properties of acetyl derivatives of the hydroxylamino reduction products of metronidazole and dimetridazole.	metronidazole and related 5-nitroimidazoles undergo reduction of their nitro group apparently to produce such reactive species as 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles. to define the role of these species we have sought ways to prepare them by the catalytic reduction of metronidazole, dimetridazole and flunidazole. although their respective 5-hydroxylaminoimidazoles were too unstable to be isolated directly, their o,n-diacetyl derivatives were isolable. of these, the diacetyl derivative of the hydroxylamine ...	1987	2882756
clostridium pyoarthrosis following arthroscopy.		1987	2882761