Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| detection of ehrlichia canis by pcr in different tissues obtained during necropsy from dogs surveyed for naturally occurring canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. | a molecular study for the detection of ehrlichia canis was carried out on tissues obtained at necropsy from randomly selected dogs with the intention of investigating naturally-occurring canine ehrlichiosis. the tissues evaluated for the presence of e. canis included lymph nodes, spleen, liver, bone marrow, and blood. eight of the 18 dogs included were found to be positive for e. canis by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene. two dogs were positive for anaplasma pl ... | 2008 | 17368942 |
| detection of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia sp. hf strains in ixodes ricinus ticks in brittany, france. | dna extracts from 156 tick pools, 18 blood specimens and 17 spleens from european woodmice (apodemus sylvaticus) collected in brittany, france were tested by pcr for the 16s rrna gene of anaplasmataceae. positive amplicons were sequenced and confirmed, either by amplification and sequencing of a second gene, or by a second pcr specific for the p44 and glta genes of anaplasma phagocytophilum and the glta gene of ehrlichia sp. hf. in addition to a. phagocytophilum, the study detected ehrlichia sp. ... | 2007 | 17391395 |
| immune response of balb/c mouse immunized with recombinant msps proteins of anaplasma marginale binding to immunostimulant complex (iscom). | anaplasmosis, caused by anaplasma marginale, results in significant economic losses of cattle in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. six major surface proteins (msps) were well characterized and designated as msp1, msp2, msp3, msp4, and msp5. the objective of this study was to evaluate the humoral immune response of balb/c mice against the recombinant msps, incorporated into immunostimulating complex (iscom). the recombinant proteins purified by ni-nta columns were incorporated into isco ... | 2007 | 17395222 |
| immune-mediated erythroid and megakaryocytic aplasia in a cat. | a 6-month-old domestic shorthair cat was evaluated because of acute lethargy. | 2007 | 17397342 |
| differential innate immune cell activation and proinflammatory response in anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga) is caused by the obligate intracellular bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum. the critical role of gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) for induction of severe inflammatory histopathology, even in the absence of a significant bacterial load, was previously demonstrated in a murine model of hga. we hypothesized that nk, nkt, and possibly cd8(+) cytotoxic t cells participate in the development of histopathologic lesions with a. phagocytophilum infection. mice were mock ... | 2007 | 17403880 |
| multiply infected vectors. | 2007 | 17403941 | |
| identification of midgut and salivary glands as specific and distinct barriers to efficient tick-borne transmission of anaplasma marginale. | understanding the determinants of efficient tick-borne microbial transmission is needed to better predict the emergence of highly transmissible pathogen strains and disease outbreaks. although the basic developmental cycle of anaplasma and ehrlichia spp. within the tick has been delineated, there are marked differences in the ability of specific strains to be efficiently tick transmitted. using the highly transmissible st. maries strain of anaplasma marginale in dermacentor andersoni as a positi ... | 2007 | 17420231 |
| acute anaplasmosis in imported cattle. | of 18 hereford cattle imported into quebec from the eastern u.s.a., five exhibited acute hemolytic anemia, icterus, depression, fever, anorexia and died; 11 were killed because they had positive or suspicious anaplasma titers and two were quarantined. anaplasma marginale organisms were found in the erythrocytes of the sick animals by light and electron microscopy. the partial absence of erythrocytic plasmalemma on several electron photomicrographs suggested exit of the anaplasma bodies. titers u ... | 1982 | 17422202 |
| ectoparasite diversity and exposure to vector-borne disease agents in wild rodents in central coastal california. | a survey of wild rodents was performed in the morro bay area of central coastal california to determine serological and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dumler, barbet, bekker, dasch, palmer, ray, rikihisa, and rurangirwa, borrelia burgdorferi johnson, schmidt, hyde, steigerwalt, and brenner, francisella tularensis mccoy, and yersinia pestis yersin; to describe the ectoparasitic fauna on important vector-borne disease hosts; and to determine whether pathoge ... | 2007 | 17427705 |
| high-cholesterol diet facilitates anaplasma phagocytophilum infection and up-regulates macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and cxcr2 expression in apolipoprotein e-deficient mice. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligatory intracellular bacterium that infects granulocytes and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga). this bacterium requires cholesterol for host cell infection in vitro and incorporates exogenous cholesterol into its membrane. | 2007 | 17436230 |
| epifaunistic arthropod parasites of the four-striped mouse, rhabdomys pumilio, in the western cape province, south africa. | flea, lice, mite, and tick species associated with 510 rhabdomys pumilio were collected at 9 localities in the western cape province, south africa. the aims of the study were first to quantify the species richness, prevalence, and relative mean intensity of infestation of epifaunistic arthropod species associated with r. pumilio, and second to determine temporal variations in the mean abundance of the parasitic arthropods. each mouse was examined under a stereoscopic microscope and its parasites ... | 2007 | 17436941 |
| high-resolution genetic fingerprinting of european strains of anaplasma phagocytophilum by use of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a widely distributed tick-borne pathogen of humans, livestock, and companion animals. we used in silico methods to identify 10 variable-number tandem-repeat (vntr) loci within the genome sequence of the a. phagocytophilum hz strain and used these data to develop a multilocus vntr-based typing scheme for the species. having confirmed the stability of four of the loci in replicates of the a. phagocytophilum strain that had been subjected to different numbers of passage ... | 2007 | 17442796 |
| emerging zoonoses and vector-borne infections affecting humans in europe. | the purpose of this study was to assess and describe the current spectrum of emerging zoonoses between 2000 and 2006 in european countries. a computerized search of the medline database from january 1966 to august 2006 for all zoonotic agents in european countries was performed using specific criteria for emergence. fifteen pathogens were identified as emerging in europe from 2000 to august 2006: rickettsiae spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, borrelia burgdorferi, bartonella spp., francisella tula ... | 2007 | 17445320 |
| unraveling the immune regulatory mechanisms imposed by anaplasma. | 2008 | 17449299 | |
| seroprevalence of selected infectious agents in a free-ranging, low-density lion population in the central kalahari game reserves in botswana. | twenty-one free-ranging central kalahari lions (panthera leo) exhibited a high prevalence rate of feline herpesvirus (100%) and feline immunodeficiency virus (71.4%). canine distemper virus and feline calicivirus occurred with a low prevalence. all individuals tested negative for feline coronavirus, feline parvovirus, feline leukemia virus, ehrlichia canis, and anaplasma phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17460117 |
| detection and quantification of anaplasma marginale dna in blood samples of cattle by real-time pcr. | a taqman-based real-time pcr assay was developed for the diagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection of cattle. the established assay was proven to be highly specific, since no cross-reactions were observed with other anaplasma species of ruminants, including the closely related anaplasma centrale, or other haemoparasites of ruminants (anaplasma bovis, anaplasma ovis, anaplasma phagocytophilum, babesia bovis, babesia bigemina, theileria annulata and theileria buffeli). the detection limit was equ ... | 2007 | 17466470 |
| diversifying selection and host adaptation in two endosymbiont genomes. | the endosymbiont wolbachia pipientis infects a broad range of arthropod and filarial nematode hosts. these diverse associations form an attractive model for understanding host:symbiont coevolution. wolbachia's ubiquity and ability to dramatically alter host reproductive biology also form the foundation of research strategies aimed at controlling insect pests and vector-borne disease. the wolbachia strains that infect nematodes are phylogenetically distinct, strictly vertically transmitted, and r ... | 2007 | 17470297 |
| isolation and propagation of the ap-variant 1 strain of anaplasma phagocytophilum in a tick cell line. | the first tissue culture isolates of the unique anaplasma phagocytophilum strain, ap-variant 1, were obtained in the ixodes scapularis tick-derived cell line ise6. two isolates were from goat blood samples: one from a goat infected with i. scapularis ticks from rhode island and a second from a goat infected by serial passage of blood from the first infected goat. eight isolates were made directly from i. scapularis ticks collected from white-tailed deer in minnesota and represent the first isola ... | 2007 | 17475757 |
| molecular detection of ehrlichia ruminantium infection in amblyomma variegatum ticks in the gambia. | in west africa, losses due to heartwater disease are not known because the incidence/prevalence has not been well studied or documented. to develop a diagnostic tool for molecular epidemiology, three pcr-based diagnostic assays, a nested pcs20 pcr, a nested map1 pcr and a nested reverse line blot (rlb) hybridization assay, were evaluated to determine their ability to detect infection in vector ticks, by applying them simultaneously to a. variegatum field ticks to detect ehrlichia ruminantium, th ... | 2007 | 17476576 |
| proteomic identification of a novel anaplasma phagocytophilum dna binding protein that regulates a putative transcription factor. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular bacterium. little is known about the gene regulatory mechanisms for this bacterium. a gene encoding a putative transcription factor, tr1, upstream of three tandem genes encoding outer membrane proteins, including the major outer membrane protein p44, is driven by a strong promoter. in the present study, gel mobility shift assays revealed the presence of a. phagocytophilum proteins th ... | 2007 | 17483233 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in domestic felines in the united states. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is among the more common tick-borne disease agents in the united states. it is of veterinary and public health significance as dogs, cats, and human beings are known to be susceptible. a. phagocytophilum is transmitted trans-stadially by either nymphs or adults of either the black-legged tick (ixodes scapularis) or the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). little information is available regarding either the prevalence of this agent in cats or the dynamics of ve ... | 2007 | 17493756 |
| contribution of polymorphisms in anka, glta, and groesl in defining genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum. | analysis of several nucleotide polymorphisms in polymorphic genes (anka, glta, and groesl) from 16s rrna gene-based genetic variants of anaplasma phagocytophilum from dogs in the western united states defined at least two sets of multigene polymorphisms to further characterize these variants. the multigene polymorphism approach holds promise for development of a genotyping scheme for this important pathogen. | 2007 | 17507511 |
| il-12/23p40-dependent clearance of anaplasma phagocytophilum in the murine model of human anaplasmosis. | human anaplasmosis is an emerging infectious disease transmitted by ticks that can be potentially fatal in the immunocompromised and the elderly. the mechanisms of defense against the causative agent, anaplasma phagocytophilum, are not completely understood; however, interferon (ifn)-gamma plays an important role in pathogen clearance. here, we show that ifn-gamma is regulated through an early il-12/23p40-dependent mechanism. interleukin (il)-12/23p40 is regulated in macrophages and dendritic ce ... | 2007 | 17521390 |
| molecular and serological evidence for anaplasma platys and babesia sp. infection in a dog, imported in belgium, from southern spain. | this case report describes a dog suffering from a co-infection with babesia and anaplasma parasites. anaplasma platys was found to be responsible for the anaplasmosis by molecular biology techniques, while microscopical and serological evidence was found for a coexistent babesiosis, although this could not be confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. moreover, the possible risk of import of exotic pathogens is highlighted. | 2007 | 17523964 |
| conservation of transmission phenotype of anaplasma marginale (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) strains among dermacentor and rhipicephalus ticks (acari: ixodidae). | before the eradication of boophilus ticks from the united states, rhipicephalus (boophilus) microplus (canestrini) and rhipicephalus (boophilus) annulatus (say) were important biological vectors of the cattle pathogen anaplasma marginale theiler. in the absence of boophilus ticks, a. marginale continues to be transmitted by dermacentor ticks. however, a few u.s. strains are not transmissible by dermacentor andersoni stiles, dermacentor variabilis (say), or both, raising the question of how these ... | 2007 | 17547235 |
| gray foxes (urocyon cinereoargenteus) as a potential reservoir of a bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and domestic dogs as part of a sentinel system for surveillance of zoonotic arthropod-borne pathogens in northern california. | two species of bartonella, a novel bartonella clarridgeiae-like bacterium and b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii, were isolated from rural dogs and gray foxes in northern california. a novel b. clarridgeiae-like species was isolated from 3 (1.7%) of 182 dogs and 22 (42%) of 53 gray foxes, while b. vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii was isolated from 1 dog (0.5%) and 5 gray foxes (9.4%). pcr and dna sequence analyses of the citrate synthase (glta) gene and the 16s-23s intergenic spacer region suggested that s ... | 2007 | 17553970 |
| [clinical and serological evidence of canine rickettsiosis in chile]. | rickettsial infections in pets have not been documented in chile. some of those infections have relevant zoonotic potential. | 2007 | 17554436 |
| seroprevalence of borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and anaplasma phagocytophilum in dogs with neurological signs. | a retrospective cohort study was carried out to evaluate whether seropositivity for the tick-transmitted bacterial species borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and/or anaplasma phagocytophilum was associated with one or more specific categories of nervous system disorders in dogs. a total of 248 dogs with nervous system disorders were serotested for these agents and categorised into six main diagnostic categories: degenerative diseases of the spine, epilepsy, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, periphe ... | 2007 | 17575245 |
| counterpoint: long-term antibiotic therapy improves persistent symptoms associated with lyme disease. | controversy exists regarding the diagnosis and treatment of lyme disease. patients with persistent symptoms after standard (2-4-week) antibiotic therapy for this tickborne illness have been denied further antibiotic treatment as a result of the perception that long-term infection with the lyme spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, and associated tickborne pathogens is rare or nonexistent. | 2007 | 17578772 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis and macrophage activation. | patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis present with fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and an elevated aspartate transaminase level. clinical and histopathologic features of severe disease suggest macrophage activation. twenty-nine patients with human granulocytic anaplasmosis had higher ferritin, interleukin-10, interleukin-12 p70, and interferon- gamma levels than did control subjects matched for age and sex; severity correlated with triglyceride, ferritin, and interleukin-12 p70 leve ... | 2007 | 17578779 |
| ehrlichioses in humans: epidemiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment. | human ehrlichioses are emerging tickborne infections. "human ehrlichiosis" describes infections with at least 5 separate obligate intracellular bacteria in 3 genera in the family anaplasmataceae. since 1986, these agents and infections (human monocytic ehrlichiosis [hme], caused by ehrlichia chaffeensis; human granulocytic anaplasmosis [hga], caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum; and human ewingii ehrlichiosis, caused by ehrlichia ewingii) are the causes of most human ehrlichioses. their prevalen ... | 2007 | 17582569 |
| new criteria for selecting the origin of dna replication in wolbachia and closely related bacteria. | the annotated genomes of two closely related strains of the intracellular bacterium wolbachia pipientis have been reported without the identifications of the putative origin of replication (ori). identifying the ori of these bacteria and related alpha-proteobacteria as well as their patterns of sequence evolution will aid studies of cell replication and cell density, as well as the potential genetic manipulation of these widespread intracellular bacteria. | 2007 | 17584494 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum anka secreted by type iv secretion system is tyrosine phosphorylated by abl-1 to facilitate infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium of granulocytes. a. phagocytophilum specifically induces tyrosine phosphorylation of a 160 kda protein (p160) in host cells. however, identity of p160, kinases involved, and effects of tyrosine phosphorylation on bacterial infection remain largely unknown. here, we demonstrated through proteomic analysis that p160, an abundant and rapidly tyrosine-phosphorylated protein throughout infe ... | 2007 | 17587335 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in a fallow deer (dama dama) population in a preserve of central italy. | from autumn 2004 to spring 2005, 70 fallow deer (dama dama), 27 female and 43 male, living in a natural preserve of central italy were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) to detect specific antibodies to anaplasma phagocytophilum. thirty-one (44.28%) sera scored positive: in particular 10 fallow deer (8 male and 2 female) scored positive at 40 antibody titer, 21 deer (8 male and 13 female) at > or = 80 titer. edta anticoagulated blood samples collected from 29 of the 70 deer exam ... | 2007 | 17619261 |
| ehrlichia species in rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks in cameroon. | ehrlichia and anaplasma species are tick-transmitted obligately intracellular bacteria that commonly cause disease in dogs worldwide. in addition to causing disease in canines, ehrlichia chaffeensis, ehrlichia ewingii, and anaplasma phagocytophilum are responsible for emerging and life-threatening human zoonoses in the united states. we previously reported a high prevalence of e. canis infection in cameroonian dogs based on serologic and molecular evidence. this study was undertaken to determine ... | 2007 | 17627442 |
| molecular characterization of thai ehrlichia canis and anaplasma platys strains detected in dogs. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichia canis is of veterinary importance worldwide. in thailand, there has been little information available on e. canis and its phylogeny. the objective of this study was to characterize and establish molecular structure and phylogeny of thai ehrlichia and anaplasma strains. genus-specific primers for ehrlichia and anaplasma were used to amplify the 16s rrna gene from naturally infected canine blood samples, and these amplicon sequences were compared w ... | 2008 | 17643354 |
| [investigation on anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china]. | to investigate the prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodents from forest areas in northeastern china. | 2007 | 17649687 |
| [anapasma and human granulocytic anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 17649695 | |
| evidence of anaplasma infections in european roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from southern spain. | anaplasma spp. (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) are tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and human importance. the wildlife hosts for these pathogens are not well characterized and may play an important role in the epidemiology of the disease. the objective of this research was to study the infection with a. marginale, a. ovis and a. phagocytophilum in free-ranging european roe deer (capreolus capreolus) from cádiz, andalucía, spain. of 17 roe deer tested, 14 (82%) and 5 (29%) had antibodies react ... | 2008 | 17655893 |
| gene conversion is a convergent strategy for pathogen antigenic variation. | recent studies on three unrelated vector-borne pathogens, anaplasma marginale, borrelia hermsii and trypanosoma brucei, illustrate the central importance of gene conversion as a mechanism for antigenic variation, which results in subsequent evasion of the immune response and persistence in the reservoir host. the combination of genome sequence data and in vivo studies tracking variant emergence not only provides insight into the genetic mechanisms for variant generation and hierarchy in variant ... | 2007 | 17662656 |
| comparison of the complement fixation test and competitive elisa for serodiagnosis of anaplasma marginale infection in experimentally infected steers. | to compare sensitivity of a complement fixation (cf) test and competitive elisa (celisa) for detection of anaplasma marginale in experimentally infected steers. | 2007 | 17669027 |
| biomedical evaluation of free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) in three habitats at the beza mahafaly special reserve, madagascar. | complete physical examinations and biomedical sample collection were performed on 70 free-ranging ring-tailed lemurs (lemur catta) from three different habitats in the beza mahfaly special reserve (bmsr), in southern madagascar, to assess the impact of humans and habitat on lemur health. lemurs were chemically immobilized with ketamine and diazepam administered via blow darts for concurrent biomedical, morphometric, and behavioral studies. subsets of the animals had blood analyzed for hematology ... | 2007 | 17679503 |
| anaplasmosis in cattle in italy. | bovine anaplasmosis caused by anaplasma marginale is a disease transmitted by ticks belonging to the ixodidae family. southern italy is considered an endemic zone but environmental and social factors are changing the epidemiology of the disease to expand to previously anaplasmosis-free regions. the available data of published reports of anaplasmosis in italy together with the data obtained by the national centre of reference for anaplasma, babesia, rickettsia and theileria (c.r.a.ba.r.t.), allow ... | 2007 | 17682850 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum - the most widespread tick-borne infection in animals in europe. | the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum (formerly ehrlichia phagocytophila) may cause infection in several animal species including human. the disease in domestic ruminants is also called tick-borne fever (tbf), and has been known for at least 200 years. in europe, clinical manifestations due to a. phagocytophilum have been recorded in sheep, goat, cattle, horse, dog, cat, roe deer, reindeer and human. however, seropositive and pcr-positive mammalian have been detected in several other species. ... | 2007 | 17682851 |
| targeting the tick/pathogen interface for developing new anaplasmosis vaccine strategies. | bovine anaplasmosis is a tick-borne hemolytic disease of cattle that occurs worldwide caused by the intraerythrocytic rickettsiae anaplasma marginale. control measures, including use of acaricides, administration of antibiotics and vaccines, have varied with geographic location. our research is focused on the tick-pathogen interface for development of new vaccine strategies with the goal of reducing anaplasmosis, tick infestations and the vectorial capacity of ticks. toward this approach, we hav ... | 2007 | 17682853 |
| human granulocytic anaplasmosis during pregnancy: case series and literature review. | we describe the clinical and laboratory manifestations and pregnancy outcomes of 6 women who received a diagnosis of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis during pregnancy. human granulocytic ehrlichiosis did not seem to present in a fulminant fashion, and all treated patients had excellent responses to rifampin or doxycycline therapy. perinatal transmission was documented in 1 neonate, who responded well to treatment. there do not appear to be any long-term adverse sequelae in children born from thes ... | 2007 | 17682993 |
| mitogenic component in polar lipid-enriched anaplasma phagocytophilum membranes. | human granulocytic anaplasmosis is an emerging tick-borne disease caused by anaplasma phagocytophilum. a. phagocytophilum cells activate toll-like receptor 2 signaling and possess mitogenic activity, and a. phagocytophilum infection in vivo activates nkt cells unrelated to major surface protein 2 (msp2) hypervariable region expression. thus, we hypothesized that lipoprotein or glycolipid components of a. phagocytophilum membranes could be important triggers of the innate immune response and immu ... | 2007 | 17687112 |
| detection of rickettsia africae in rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus ticks from the republic of botswana, south africa. | a total of 53 engorged adult ticks belonging to the species rhipicephalus (boophilus) decoloratus (n = 9), rhipicephalus evertsi evertsi (n = 27), rhipicephalus appendiculatus (n = 9), amblyomma hebraeum (n = 5), and hyalomma marginatum turanicum (n = 3), were removed from oryx in botswana (south africa). they were tested for the presence of spotted fever group (sfg) rickettsia and anaplasma phagocytophilum using polymerase chain reaction (pcr). seventy-seven percent of r. decoloratus as well as ... | 2007 | 17690416 |
| tick-borne zoonotic bacteria in wild and domestic small mammals in northern spain. | the prevalence and diversity of tick-borne zoonotic bacteria (borrelia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, coxiella burnetii, and spotted fever group rickettsiae) infecting 253 small mammals captured in the basque country (spain) were assessed using pcr and reverse line blot hybridization. trapping sites were selected around sheep farms (study 1, 2000 to 2002) and recreational parks (study 2, 2003 to 2005). the majority of the studied mammals (162) were wood mice (apodemus sylvaticus), but six othe ... | 2007 | 17693556 |
| identification of novel surface proteins of anaplasma phagocytophilum by affinity purification and proteomics. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the etiologic agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), one of the major tick-borne zoonoses in the united states. the surface of a. phagocytophilum plays a crucial role in subverting the hostile host cell environment. however, except for the p44/msp2 outer membrane protein family, the surface components of a. phagocytophilum are largely unknown. to identify the major surface proteins of a. phagocytophilum, a membrane-impermeable, cleavable biotin reagent, sulf ... | 2007 | 17766422 |
| maintenance of antibody to pathogen epitopes generated by segmental gene conversion is highly dynamic during long-term persistent infection. | multiple bacterial and protozoal pathogens utilize gene conversion to generate rapid intrahost antigenic variation. both large- and small-genome pathogens expand the size of the variant pool via a combinatorial process in which oligonucleotide segments from distinct donor loci are recombined in various combinations into expression sites. although the potential combinatorial diversity generated by this segmental gene conversion mechanism is quite large, the functional variant pool depends on whet ... | 2007 | 17785476 |
| ticks of small ruminants in china. | the importance of ticks and tick-borne diseases of small ruminants in china is discussed. of the 109 species of ticks identified to date in china, 45 species infest small ruminants. five species have been proved to be involved, or possibly involved, in the transmission of tick-borne diseases. anaplasma ovis, babesia motasi, babesia ovis and two unidentified species of theileria, have been recorded in small ruminants in china. the diseases caused by these organisms are widespread in china, causin ... | 2007 | 17823826 |
| asc/pycard and caspase-1 regulate the il-18/ifn-gamma axis during anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is an obligate intracellular pathogen that resides within neutrophils and can cause fever, pancytopenia, or death. ifn-gamma plays a critical role in the control of a. phagocytophilum; however, the mechanisms that regulate ifn-gamma production remain unclear. in this study, we demonstrate that apoptotic specklike protein with a caspase-activating recruiting domain (asc)/pycard, a central adaptor molecule in the nod-like receptor (nlr) pathway, regulates the il-18/ifn-ga ... | 2007 | 17878377 |
| influence of dipping practices on the seroprevalence of babesiosis and anaplasmosis in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone adjoining the kruger national park in south africa. | a serological survey of bovine babesiosis and anaplasmosis was conducted in the foot-and-mouth disease buffer zone surrounding the kruger national park in south africa between 2001 and 2003 to determine whether the withdrawal of government-subsidized dipping in certain regions had affected the seroprevalence of these tick-borne diseases. seroprevalence of anaplasma marginale and babesia bovis increased during the study period. this increase was greater in limpopo province where farmers had to su ... | 2007 | 17883196 |
| sp110 transcription is induced and required by anaplasma phagocytophilum for infection of human promyelocytic cells. | the tick-borne intracellular pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum (rickettsiales: anaplasmataceae) causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis after infection of polymorphonuclear leucocytes. the human sp110 gene is a member of the nuclear body (nb) components that functions as a nuclear hormone receptor transcriptional coactivator and plays an important role in immunoprotective mechanisms against pathogens in humans. in this research, we hypothesized that sp110 may be involved in the infection of hum ... | 2007 | 17883869 |
| sialyl-lewis x-independent infection of human myeloid cells by anaplasma phagocytophilum strains hz and hge1. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligate intracellular bacterium that infects neutrophils and neutrophil precursors. bacterial recognition of p-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (psgl-1) and the alpha2,3-sialylated- and alpha1,3-fucosylated-moiety sialyl-lewis x (sle(x)), which modifies the psgl-1 n terminus, is important for adhesion to and invasion of myeloid cells. we have previously demonstrated that a. phagocytophilum organisms of the nc ... | 2007 | 17893131 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum-borrelia burgdorferi coinfection enhances chemokine, cytokine, and matrix metalloprotease expression by human brain microvascular endothelial cells. | borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum coinfect and are transmitted by ixodes species ticks. clinical indicators suggest that a. phagocytophilum coinfection contributes to the severity, dissemination, and, possibly, sequelae of lyme disease. previous in vitro studies showed that spirochete penetration through human brain microvascular endothelial cells of the blood-brain barrier is facilitated by endothelial cell-derived matrix metalloproteases (mmps). a. phagocytophilum-infected neu ... | 2007 | 17898182 |
| anaplasma phagocytophilum p44 mrna expression is differentially regulated in mammalian and tick host cells: involvement of the dna binding protein apxr. | the natural life cycle of anaplasma phagocytophilum, an obligatory intracellular bacterium that causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, consists of alternate infection of two distinct hosts, ticks and mammals, in which bacterial surface proteins are expected to have a critical role. the present study investigated regulation of a. phagocytophilum p44 genes, which encode the p44 major surface proteins. quantitative real-time reverse transcription-pcr analysis revealed that the amount of p44 mrna o ... | 2007 | 17905983 |
| wild game as a reservoir of anaplasma phagocytophilum in north-western poland. | the aim of the study was to determine the role of game animals as reservoirs of anaplasma phagocytophilum, a bacteria species transmitted by ixodes ricinus ticks, from north-western poland (zachodniopomorskie vovoidship). the area under question is endemic for a. phagocytophilum. | 2007 | 17912805 |
| [hematozoon cenoses of small rodents and insectivora in the orenburg region]. | a total of 2942 specimens of 15 species of ground rodents and insectova in the orenburg region were caught and examined during long-term studies. the investigators detected 7 taxonomic groups of hematozoons: rickettsia (anaplasma sp., grahamella sp., haemobartonella sp.), protozoa (trypanosoma sp., plasmodium sp., piroplasma sp.), and nematodes (filariidae spp., larval stages). the authors give information on the species composition and infection extensiveness of individual systematic groups of ... | 2007 | 17912832 |
| molecular evaluation of the incidence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys and babesia spp. in dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis caused by ehrlichiacanis is endemic in many regions of brazil. since thrombocytopenia is a common finding in infected dogs, many clinicians tend to use it as an indication for antibiotic treatment. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and nested pcr were used to study the presence of e. canis, anaplasma platys and babesia spp. in thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic dogs from ribeirão preto, brazil. despite the high prevalence of e. canis infection among thrombocyto ... | 2009 | 17920967 |
| epidemiological survey of tick-borne encephalitis virus and anaplasma phagocytophilum co-infections in patients from regions of the czech republic endemic for tick-borne diseases. | during the period 2000-2003, patients hospitalized for suspected tick-borne encephalitis in the czech republic were screened for possible a. phagocytophilum co-infection. blood samples taken at admission were tested for the presence of a. phagocytophilum dna by nested pcr using a modified target sequence as an internal control, and sera were tested for the presence of antibodies by indirect immunofluorescence and western blotting methods using cell-culture-derived antigens. to verify the assay s ... | 2007 | 17943406 |
| experimental transmission of bovine anaplasmosis (caused by anaplasma marginale) by means of dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni (ixodidae) collected in western canada. | canadian cattle are free of bovine anaplasmosis, with the exception of 4 isolated incursions since 1968, which were eradicated. it is not known why the disease has not become established in regions of canada adjacent to the united states where it is endemic. to assess the vector competence of wild-caught ticks in cattle-rearing regions, dermacentor variabilis and d. andersoni were collected in western canada and fed on calves experimentally infected with anaplasma marginale (st. maries strain). ... | 2007 | 17955901 |
| functional genomic studies of tick cells in response to infection with the cattle pathogen, anaplasma marginale. | the coevolution of ticks and the pathogens that they transmit has ensured their mutual survival. in these studies, we used a functional genomics approach to characterize tick genes regulated in response to anaplasma marginale infection. differentially regulated genes/proteins were identified by suppression-subtractive hybridization and differential in-gel electrophoresis analyses of cultured ide8 tick cells infected with a. marginale. nine of 17 of these genes were confirmed by real-time rt-pcr ... | 2007 | 17964755 |
| outer membrane protein sequence variation in lambs experimentally infected with anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum has long been known to cause tick-borne fever in ruminants and has been identified more recently as the causative agent of the emerging disease human granulocytic anaplasmosis. the related organism anaplasma marginale uses gene conversion of the expression site for two major outer membrane proteins (omps) to generate extensive sequence and antigenic variation in these omps. this is thought to present a continuously varying repertoire of epitopes to the mammalian host an ... | 2008 | 17967854 |
| lyme borreliosis incidence in two french departments: correlation with infection of ixodes ricinus ticks by borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato. | we conducted a prospective study to estimate the lyme borreliosis incidence in two rural french departments, meuse and puy-de-dôme. concurrently, we investigated the prevalence of ticks infected with borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (sl) and anaplasma phagocytophilum. the incidence of lyme borreliosis decreased from 156 to 109/100,000 inhabitants in meuse and from 117 to 76/100,000 inhabitants in puy-de-dôme in 2004 and 2005, respectively, corresponding to a decrease in the density of ixodes rici ... | 2007 | 17979533 |
| ticks and associated pathogens collected from domestic animals in the netherlands. | following an outbreak of autochthonous canine babesiosis in the netherlands, a request made to veterinarians and the public to collect ticks from companion animals resulted in 4298 ticks submitted between july 2005 and october 2006 to our center. ticks were identified as ixodes ricinus adults (2907/4298, 67.6%), ixodes sp. nymphs (529/4298, 12.3%) and ixodes sp. larvae (385/4298, 9.0%), i. hexagonus adults (328/4298, 7.6%), dermacentor reticulatus (72/4298, 1.7%), and several other exotic tick s ... | 2007 | 17979540 |
| subversion of cellular autophagy by anaplasma phagocytophilum. | anaplasma phagocytophilum, the causative agent of human granulocytic anaplasmosis, is an obligatory intracellular pathogen. after entry into host cells, the bacterium is diverted from the endosomal pathway and replicates in a membrane-bound compartment devoid of endosomal or lysosomal markers. here, we show that several hallmarks of early autophagosomes can be identified in a. phagocytophilum replicative inclusions, including a double-lipid bilayer membrane and colocalization with gfp-tagged lc3 ... | 2008 | 17979984 |
| survey for zoonotic rickettsial pathogens in northern flying squirrels, glaucomys sabrinus, in california. | epidemic typhus, caused by rickettsia prowazekii, is maintained in a southern flying squirrel (glaucomys volans) sylvatic cycle in the southeastern united states. the northern flying squirrel (glaucomys sabrinus) has not been previously associated with r. prowazekii transmission. a second rickettsial pathogen, anaplasma phagocytophilum, infects dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes) and tree squirrels in northern california. because northern flying squirrels or their ectoparasites have not bee ... | 2007 | 17984264 |
| spatial analysis of the exposure of dogs in rural north-coastal california to vectorborne pathogens. | between 0 and 50 per cent of the dogs in eight rural villages in far northern california with a high risk of tickborne diseases were seropositive for anaplasma phagocytophilum and bartonella vinsonii subspecies berkhoffii, and between 0 and 10 per cent were seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi. the odds ratio for the co-exposure of individual dogs to b vinsonii berkhoffii and a phagocytophilum was 18.2. none of the diseases was associated with the sex of the dogs, whether they slept out of door ... | 2007 | 17993656 |
| c-jun nh2-terminal kinase 2 inhibits gamma interferon production during anaplasma phagocytophilum infection. | gamma interferon (ifn-gamma) plays a critical role in the early eradication of anaplasma phagocytophilum. however, the mechanisms that regulate ifn-gamma production upon infection remain poorly understood. here we show that c-jun nh2-terminal kinase 2 (jnk2) inhibits ifn-gamma production during a. phagocytophilum infection. jnk2-null mice were more refractory to infection with a. phagocytophilum and produced increased levels of ifn-gamma after challenge with the pathogen. the resistance of jnk2- ... | 2008 | 17998313 |
| surveillance for zoonotic vector-borne infections using sick dogs from southeastern brazil. | for many vector-borne organisms, dogs can be used as sentinels to estimate the risk of human infection. the objective of this study was to use dogs as sentinels for multiple vector-borne organisms in order to evaluate the potential for human infection with these agents in southeastern brazil. blood from 198 sick dogs with clinicopathological abnormalities consistent with tick-borne infections were selected at the são paulo state university veterinary teaching hospital in botucatu and tested for ... | 2007 | 18021025 |
| habitat factors influencing distributions of anaplasma phagocytophilum and ehrlichia chaffeensis in the mississippi alluvial valley. | human monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (hme), caused by the bacterium ehrlichia chaffeensis, and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (hga), caused by the bacterium anaplasma phagocytophilum, are two emerging tick-borne zoonoses of concern. factors influencing geographic distributions of these pathogens are not fully understood, especially at varying spatial extents (regional versus landscape) and resolutions (counties versus smaller land units). we used logistic regression to compare influences of physic ... | 2007 | 18047394 |
| differential exposure to anaplasma phagocytophilum in rodent species in northern california. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is a zoonotic tick-borne rickettsial pathogen that causes granulocytic anaplasmosis (ga) in humans, horses, and dogs. in california, dusky-footed woodrats (neotoma fuscipes) are a putative reservoir host, and ixodes pacificus is a vector for transmission from rodents to humans, dogs, and horses. cases are clustered in coastal and sierra nevada foothill regions, but not necessarily in proximity to infected woodrats. this study was designed to compare exposures and active ... | 2008 | 18047398 |
| detection of rickettsia amblyommii in association with a tick bite rash. | in the summer of 2006, an amblyomma americanum tick was removed from a woman in central north carolina, who subsequently developed a rash at the site of tick attachment. when examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for borrelia, anaplasma, ehrlichia, babesia, rickettsia, and bartonella dna, only the rickettsia primers generated an amplicon, which was identified as "r. amblyommii" by sequencing. to our knowledge, this is the first case in which r. amblyommii was temporally associated with a r ... | 2007 | 18052716 |
| experimental transmission of anaplasma marginale by male dermacentor reticulatus. | bovine anaplasmosis has been reported in several european countries, but the vector competency of tick species for anaplasma marginale from these localities has not been determined. because of the wide distributional range of dermacentor reticulatus within europe and the major role of dermacentor spp. as a vector of a. marginale in the united states, we tested the vector competency of d. reticulatus for a. marginale. | 2007 | 18053123 |
| [probable case of imported human anaplasmosis]. | 2007 | 18053479 | |
| [transcription of genes of membrane proteins of brazilians isolates of anaplasma marginale]. | this work shows the transcription profile of membrane protein genes in three brazilian isolates of anaplasma marginale (rio grande do norte, pernambuco-zona da mata, and pernambuco-sertão). rna was purified from cattle blood experimentally-infected with the three isolates of a. marginale. after reverse transcription, genes omp1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, and 14; opag1-3; virb3, 9, and 10; am097, 197, 254, 854, and 956 were amplified by pcr, with specific primers. transcripts were dete ... | 2007 | 18078602 |
| [natural infection by hemoparasites in calves submitted to chemoprophylaxis at 30 days of age]. | the tick-borne disease (tbd) brings great damages to cattle breeding. the most important etiologic agents are babesia bigemina, b. bovis and anaplasma marginale, being the tick boophilus microplus the main vector. this work reports the occurrence of natural infection by hemoparasites of tbd in 36 calves with high ticks natural infestation submitted to chemoprophylaxis with 30 days year-old. the blood smears from animals of different ages were analized and were found b. bigemina (33.3%), b. bovis ... | 2007 | 18078605 |
| vector-borne infections in cats: molecular study in barcelona area (spain). | previous serological surveys have reported the presence of different organisms in cats from spain but little reports exist about the exact identity of these organisms. the purpose of the study reported here was to assess the presence of dna of several vector-borne infections in a population of cats from barcelona area. one hundred blood samples obtained from cats admitted to the uab-vth were entered into the study and classified as healthy (n=48) or unhealthy (n=52). edta-blood samples were assa ... | 2008 | 18079064 |
| development of a lateral flow assay for rapid detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale. | a rapid lateral flow assay for detection of bovine antibody to anaplasma marginale was developed. the assay used a recombinant peptide of major surface protein 5 as the antigen and a monoclonal antibody specific for bovine igg(1) conjugated with colloidal gold beads for detection. serum and anticoagulated blood samples were obtained from cattle in an area where anaplasmosis was endemic. the samples were selected based on positive identification of the organism in blood smears. the unclotted bloo ... | 2008 | 18080877 |
| physical linkage of naturally complexed bacterial outer membrane proteins enhances immunogenicity. | the outer membrane proteins (omps) of bacterial pathogens are essential for their growth and survival and especially for attachment and invasion of host cells. since the outer membrane is the interface between the bacterium and the host cell, outer membranes and individual omps are targeted for development of vaccines against many bacterial diseases. whole outer membrane fractions often protect against disease, and this protection cannot be fully reproduced by using individual omps. exactly how ... | 2008 | 18086812 |
| sequential analysis of anaplasma phagocytophilum msp2 transcription in murine and equine models of human granulocytic anaplasmosis. | anaplasma phagocytophilum causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis by inducing immunopathologic responses. its immunodominant msp2 protein is encoded by a family of >100 paralogs. msp2 (msp2) expression modulates in the absence of immune pressure, and prolonged in vitro passage modulates in vivo virulence. because programmed msp2 expression occurs in anaplasma marginale, we hypothesized a similar event in a. phagocytophilum in vivo, with specific msp2 expression triggering immunopathologic injury ... | 2008 | 18094110 |
| prevalence of ehrlichia canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, bartonella vinsonii berkhoffii, and rickettsia spp. in dogs from grenada. | to identify the tick-borne pathogens in dogs from grenada, we conducted a serologic survey for ehrlichia canis in 2004 (104 dogs) and a comprehensive serologic and molecular survey for a variety of tick-borne pathogens in 2006 (73 dogs). in 2004 and 2006, 44 and 32 dogs (42.3% and 43.8%) were seropositive for e. canis, respectively. in 2006, several tick-borne pathogens were identified by serology and pcr. dna of e. canis, anaplasma platys, babesia canis vogeli, hepatozoon canis, and bartonella ... | 2008 | 18160223 |
| ultrastructural evidence of the ehrlichial developmental cycle in naturally infected ixodes persulcatus ticks in the course of coinfection with rickettsia, borrelia, and a flavivirus. | ehrlichiae are small gram-negative obligately intracellular bacteria that multiply within vacuoles of their host cells and are associated for a part of their life cycle with ticks, which serve as vectors for vertebrate hosts. two morphologically and physiologically different ehrlichial cell types, reticulate cells (rc) and dense-cored cells (dc), are observed during experimental infection of cell cultures, mice, and ticks. dense-cored cells and reticulate cells in vertebrate cell lines alternate ... | 2007 | 18171109 |
| prevalence of seropositivity to spotted fever group rickettsiae and anaplasma phagocytophilum in a large, demographically diverse us sample. | most epidemiologic studies of tick-borne rickettsial diseases in the united states are small and have limited demographic scope, making broader risk assessment difficult. | 2008 | 18171216 |
| expression of perilipin in human promyelocytic cells in response to anaplasma phagocytophilum infection results in modified lipid metabolism. | the obligate intracellular pathogen anaplasma phagocytophilum is transmitted by ticks and causes human granulocytic anaplasmosis, tick-borne fever of ruminants, and equine and canine granulocytic anaplasmosis. in a previous study, the perilipin (plin) gene was identified as one of the genes differentially expressed in human promyelocytic hl-60 cells in response to infection with a. phagocytophilum. plin is a major adipocyte lipid droplet-associated phosphoprotein that plays a central role in lip ... | 2008 | 18201980 |
| zoonotic pathogens in ixodes scapularis, michigan. | 2007 | 18214207 | |
| competitive exclusion between piroplasmosis and anaplasmosis agents within cattle. | 2008 | 18225951 | |
| serologic and molecular characterization of tickborne pathogens in lions (panthera leo) from the fasano safari park, italy. | lions (panthera leo) are an endangered species threatened by illegal hunting, habitat loss, and infectious diseases. little is known about the tick-borne pathogens that infect lions and could contribute to population declines. the objective of this study was to characterize rickettsia spp., anaplasma phagocytophilum, and coxiella burnetii infections in 10 lions from the fasano safari park in italy by serology, polymerase chain reaction, and sequence analysis. although animals did not show clinic ... | 2007 | 18229868 |
| high-throughput identification of t-lymphocyte antigens from anaplasma marginale expressed using in vitro transcription and translation. | the ability to rapidly screen a complex pathogen proteome for proteins that elicit recall t-lymphocyte responses from immune individuals would accelerate vaccine development. an outer membrane fraction of the rickettsial pathogen anaplasma marginale induces protective immunity against infection and disease in cattle. we have used this immunization model to evaluate high-throughput screening of proteins expressed by in vitro transcription and translation (ivtt) for recognition by memory cd4(+) t- ... | 2008 | 18243240 |
| role of migratory birds in introduction and range expansion of ixodes scapularis ticks and of borrelia burgdorferi and anaplasma phagocytophilum in canada. | during the spring in 2005 and 2006, 39,095 northward-migrating land birds were captured at 12 bird observatories in eastern canada to investigate the role of migratory birds in northward range expansion of lyme borreliosis, human granulocytic anaplasmosis, and their tick vector, ixodes scapularis. the prevalence of birds carrying i. scapularis ticks (mostly nymphs) was 0.35% (95% confidence interval [ci] = 0.30 to 0.42), but a nested study by experienced observers suggested a more realistic infe ... | 2008 | 18245258 |
| prevalence of anaplasma phagocytophilum in ixodes ricinus ticks determined by polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers detecting 16s rrna and anka genes. | a total of 684 ixodes ricinus ticks (321 nymphs, 184 males, and 179 females) were collected by flagging lower vegetation in 6 forest districts located on the territory of lublin province (eastern poland). ticks were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method for the presence of anaplasma phagocytophilum dna with two pairs of primers: ehr521/ehr747 for detecting 16s rrna gene, and la6/la1 for detecting anka gene. to study the relationship between infection in ticks and people occupational ... | 2007 | 18247465 |
| anaplasma platys in dogs, chile. | we conducted a 16s rrna nested pcr for the genus ehrlichia and ehrlichia spp. with blood samples from 30 ill dogs in chile. phylogenetic analysis was performed by using groesl gene amplification. we identified anaplasma platys as 1 of the etiologic agents of canine ehrlichiosis. | 2007 | 18252119 |
| molecular evidence for anaplasma phagocytophilum in israel. | sequences from the anaplasma phagocytophilum 16s rrna gene were detected in 5 ticks representing 3 species (hyalomma marginatum, rhipicephalus turanicus, and boophilus kohlsi) collected from roe deer (capreolus capreolus) in mount carmel, israel. the sequences were all identical to those of ap-variant 1 strain. | 2007 | 18252125 |
| superinfection as a driver of genomic diversification in antigenically variant pathogens. | a new pathogen strain can penetrate an immune host population only if it can escape immunity generated against the original strain. this model is best understood with influenza viruses, in which genetic drift creates antigenically distinct strains that can spread through host populations despite the presence of immunity against previous strains. whether this selection model for new strains applies to complex pathogens responsible for endemic persistent infections, such as anaplasmosis, relapsing ... | 2008 | 18252822 |
| co-circulating microorganisms in questing ixodes scapularis nymphs in maryland. | ixodes scapularis can be infected with borrelia burgdorferi, anaplasma phagocytophilum, bartonella spp., babesia microti, and rickettsia spp., including spotted-fever group rickettsia. as all of these microorganisms have been reported in maryland, the potential for these ticks to have concurrent infections exists in this region. to assess the frequency of these complex infections, 348 i. scapularis nymphs collected in 2003 were screened for these microorganisms by pcr with positives being confir ... | 2007 | 18260514 |
| host-seeking behavior of ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) nymphs in relation to environmental parameters in dense-woodland and woodland-grass habitats. | in the far-western united states, the bacteria that cause lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi, bb) and human granulocytic anaplasmosis (anaplasma phagocytophilum, ap) are transmitted by the western black-legged tick (ixodes pacificus). in a dense woodland, human behaviors involving contact with wood were recently found to pose greater risk for encountering i. pacificus nymphs than behaviors entailing exclusive exposure to leaf litter. a four-year follow-up study was undertaken in the same woodlan ... | 2007 | 18260527 |
| selenium status and antibodies to selected pathogens in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) in southern minnesota. | to determine exposure to a variety of infectious diseases potentially important for native ungulates, livestock, and humans, serum samples from 114 (94 adults, 20 fawns) female white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were collected during january 2000-03 from multiple locations in southeast (se) and southwest (sw) minnesota. antibody prevalence was determined for the following pathogens: mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, leptospira interrogans (six serovars), anaplasma marginale, b ... | 2008 | 18263838 |
| validation of an anaplasma marginale celisa for use in the diagnosis of a. ovis infections in domestic sheep and anaplasma spp. in wild ungulates. | a commercially available (celisa) kit for diagnosing anaplasma marginale infection in cattle was validated for diagnosing a ovis infection in sheep using the bovine serum controls as supplied by the manufacturer (bcelisa) and sheep serum controls from pathogen-free sheep (ocelisa). true positives were identified using two previously established assays, a nested pcr (npcr) test and an indirect immunofluorescent assay (ifa). the bcelisa was also applied to sera from various species of wild ruminan ... | 2008 | 18272296 |