Publications

an integrated phylogenomic approach toward pinpointing the origin of mitochondria.	overwhelming evidence supports the endosymbiosis theory that mitochondria originated once from the alphaproteobacteria. however, its exact position in the tree of life remains highly debated. this is because systematic errors, including biased taxonomic sampling, high evolutionary rates and sequence composition bias have long plagued the mitochondrial phylogenetics. in this study, we address this issue by 1) increasing the taxonomic representation of alphaproteobacterial genomes by sequencing 18 ...	2015	25609566
role of l-alanine for redox self-sufficient amination of alcohols.	in white biotechnology biocatalysis represents a key technology for chemical functionalization of non-natural compounds. the plasmid-born overproduction of an alcohol dehydrogenase, an l-alanine-dependent transaminase and an alanine dehydrogenase allows for redox self-sufficient amination of alcohols in whole cell biotransformation. here, conditions to optimize the whole cell biocatalyst presented in (bioorg med chem 22:5578-5585, 2014), and the role of l-alanine for efficient amine functionaliz ...	2015	25612558
anti-virulence potential of eugenyl acetate against pathogenic bacteria of medical importance.	considering the role of virulence factors in bacterial pathogenicity, interfering with the virulence factor production could afford a novel way for the treatment of infections caused by pathogenic bacteria. in the present study, an effect of eugenyl acetate (ea), a well-known phytochemical from syzygium aromaticum (clove bud) was assessed for its anti-virulence potential against both gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens. eugenyl acetate at 150 µg/ml, significantly inhibited virulence factor ...	2015	25613850
whole genome sequencing and analysis reveal insights into the genetic structure, diversity and evolutionary relatedness of luxi and luxr homologs in bacteria belonging to the sphingomonadaceae family.	here we report the draft genomes and annotation of four n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-producing members from the family sphingomonadaceae. comparative genomic analyses of 62 sphingomonadaceae genomes were performed to gain insights into the distribution of the canonical luxi/r-type quorum sensing (qs) network within this family. forty genomes contained at least one luxr homolog while the genome of sphingobium yanoikuyae b1 contained seven open reading frames (orfs) that have significant homolo ...	2014	25621282
whole genome sequencing and analysis reveal insights into the genetic structure, diversity and evolutionary relatedness of luxi and luxr homologs in bacteria belonging to the sphingomonadaceae family.	here we report the draft genomes and annotation of four n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl)-producing members from the family sphingomonadaceae. comparative genomic analyses of 62 sphingomonadaceae genomes were performed to gain insights into the distribution of the canonical luxi/r-type quorum sensing (qs) network within this family. forty genomes contained at least one luxr homolog while the genome of sphingobium yanoikuyae b1 contained seven open reading frames (orfs) that have significant homolo ...	2014	25621282
melioidosis diagnostic workshop, 2013.	melioidosis is a severe disease that can be difficult to diagnose because of its diverse clinical manifestations and a lack of adequate diagnostic capabilities for suspected cases. there is broad interest in improving detection and diagnosis of this disease not only in melioidosis-endemic regions but also outside these regions because melioidosis may be underreported and poses a potential bioterrorism challenge for public health authorities. therefore, a workshop of academic, government, and pri ...	2015	25626057
quorum quenching activity of syzygium cumini (l.) skeels and its anthocyanin malvidin against klebsiella pneumoniae.	many bacterial species use their intercellular signaling mechanism called quorum sensing (qs), which is found to be implicated in various factors including bacterial pathogenicity and food spoilage. interrupting the bacterial communication is an attractive strategy to develop novel qs-based antibacterial drugs. present study is aimed to investigate the quorum sensing inhibitory activity of syzygium cumini and its anti-biofilm property against opportunistic pathogen using a biosensor strain chrom ...	2015	25637095
mechanisms of inflammasome activation: recent advances and novel insights.	inflammasomes are cytosolic multiprotein platforms assembled in response to invading pathogens and other danger signals. typically inflammasome complexes contain a sensor protein, an adaptor protein, and a zymogen - procaspase-1. formation of inflammasome assembly results in processing of inactive procaspase-1 into an active cysteine-protease enzyme, caspase-1, which subsequently activates the proinflammatory cytokines, interleukins il-1β and il-18, and induces pyroptosis, a highly-pyrogenic inf ...	2015	25639489
colostrum hexasaccharide, a novel staphylococcus aureus quorum-sensing inhibitor.	the discovery of quorum-sensing (qs) systems regulating antibiotic resistance and virulence factors (vfs) has afforded a novel opportunity to prevent bacterial pathogenicity. dietary molecules have been demonstrated to attenuate qs circuits of bacteria. but, to our knowledge, no study exploring the potential of colostrum hexasaccharide (chs) in regulating qs systems has been published. in this study, we analyzed chs for inhibiting qs signaling in staphylococcus aureus. we isolated and characteri ...	2015	25645850
genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria.	initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ...	2015	25653643
genome-wide gene order distances support clustering the gram-positive bacteria.	initially using 143 genomes, we developed a method for calculating the pair-wise distance between prokaryotic genomes using a monte carlo method to estimate the conservation of gene order. the method was based on repeatedly selecting five or six non-adjacent random orthologs from each of two genomes and determining if the chosen orthologs were in the same order. the raw distances were then corrected for gene order convergence using an adaptation of the jukes-cantor model, as well as using the co ...	2015	25653643
inhibition of quorum sensing mediated biofilm development and virulence in uropathogens by hyptis suaveolens.	bacterial urinary tract infections (utis) are the most common nosocomial infections, accounting for about 40 % of all hospital-acquired infections. the bacterial spectrum of nosocomial utis is broad and the treatment of utis is becoming difficult owing to the emergence of drug resistance. therefore, it is reasonable to investigate novel and alternative therapeutic strategies to treat utis. since utis are caused by uropathogens with quorum sensing (qs)-dependent biofilm forming abilities, interru ...	2015	25656290
chronic granulomatous disease.		2015	25657928
expression, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic data analysis of viod, a hydroxylase in the violacein-biosynthesis pathway.	violacein, a natural purple secondary metabolite, is sequentially biosynthesized by five enzymes in the following pathway: vioa-viob-vioe-viod-vioc. viod, a flavin-dependent oxygenase, catalyzes the hydroxylation of the intermediate product prodeoxyviolaceinic acid (pva) at the 5-position of one indole ring to yield proviolacein. in vitro biochemical data have revealed this process, but the catalytic mechanism still remains largely unclear. here, the cloning, expression, purification, crystalliz ...	2015	25664787
augmenting antitumor immune responses with epigenetic modifying agents.	epigenetic silencing of immune-related genes is a striking feature of the cancer genome that occurs in the process of tumorigenesis. this phenomena impacts antigen processing and antigen presentation by tumor cells and facilitates evasion of immunosurveillance. further modulation of the tumor microenvironment by altered expression of immunosuppressive cytokines impairs antigen-presenting cells and cytolytic t-cell function. the potential reversal of immunosuppression by epigenetic modulation is ...	2015	25699047
[the effects of alkylhydroxybenzenes on homoserine lactone-induced manifestations of quorum sensing in bacteria].	the effects of four alkylhydroxybenzene (ahb) homologs of different hydrocarbon chain lengths on synthesis of the pigment violacein induced by c6-homoserine lactone (hsl) and biofilm formation by chromobacterium violaceum nctc 13274 and on escherichia coli pal103 bioluminescence in the presence of c6-oxo-hsl were studied. it was shown that the inhibitory effect of alkylhydroxybenzenes on the growth of c. violaceum increased in the c5-ahb --> c12-ahb series in the absence of this activity in c1-a ...	2016	25707115
pityriazepin and other potent ahr ligands isolated from malassezia furfur yeast.	malassezia furfur yeast strains isolated from diseased human skin preferentially biosynthesize indole alkaloids which can be detected in the human skin and are highly potent activators of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (ahr) and ahr-dependent gene expression. chemical analysis of an etoac extract of a m. furfur strain obtained from diseased human skin and grown on l-tryptophan agar revealed several known ahr active tryptophan metabolites along with a previously unidentified compound, pityriazepin ...	2015	25721496
influence of quorum sensing in multiple phenotypes of the bacterial pathogen chromobacterium violaceum.	chromobacterium violaceum is a bacterial pathogen that communicates through quorum sensing (qs), via the c6-homoserine lactone signal (c6-hsl). it is well known that the production of the pigment violacein is controlled by qs in this microorganism, in fact qs-dependent violacein production is widely used as a marker to evaluate the efficiency of potential anti-qs molecules, such as those extracted from plants. in addition to violacein, the production of chitinase is also known to be controlled b ...	2015	25722489
6-gingerol reduces pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and virulence via quorum sensing inhibition.	pseudomonas aeruginosa is a well-known pathogenic bacterium that forms biofilms and produces virulence factors via quorum sensing (qs). interfering with normal qs interactions between signal molecules and their cognate receptors is a developing strategy for attenuating its virulence. here we tested the hypothesis that 6-gingerol, a pungent oil of fresh ginger, reduces biofilm formation and virulence by antagonistically binding to p. aeruginosa qs receptors. in silico studies demonstrated molecul ...	2015	25728862
histone deacetylase inhibitors in clinical studies as templates for new anticancer agents.	histone dacetylases (hdacs) are a group of enzymes that remove acetyl groups from histones and regulate expression of tumor suppressor genes. they are implicated in many human diseases, especially cancer, making them a promising therapeutic target for treatment of the latter by developing a wide variety of inhibitors. hdac inhibitors interfere with hdac activity and regulate biological events, such as cell cycle, differentiation and apoptosis in cancer cells. as a result, hdac inhibitor-based th ...	2015	25738536
biofilm formation and quorum-sensing-molecule production by clinical isolates of serratia liquefaciens.	serratia spp. are opportunistic human pathogens responsible for an increasing number of nosocomial infections. however, little is known about the virulence factors and regulatory circuits that may enhance the establishment and long-term survival of serratia liquefaciens in the hospital environment. in this study, two reporter strains, chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and vir24, and high-resolution triple-quadrupole liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (lc-ms) were used to detect and to quantif ...	2015	25746999
biosynthesis of the antifungal haterumalide, oocydin a, in serratia, and its regulation by quorum sensing, rpos and hfq.	polyketides represent an important class of bioactive natural products with a broad range of biological activities. we identified recently a large trans-acyltransferase (at) polyketide synthase gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of the antifungal, anti-oomycete and antitumor haterumalide, oocydin a (ooc). using genome sequencing and comparative genomics, we show that the ooc gene cluster is widespread within biocontrol and phytopathogenic strains of the enterobacteria, serratia and di ...	2015	25753587
fatal chromobacterium violaceum bacteraemia in rural bandundu, democratic republic of the congo.	we describe the first case of bacteraemia caused by chromobacterium violaceum in the democratic republic of the congo. this diagnosis was made in an apparently healthy adult who was admitted to a rural hospital of the province of bandundu with severe community-acquired sepsis. the patient developed multi-organ failure and died; to our knowledge, this is the first reported fatal case in an adult in africa.	2014	25755887
fatal chromobacterium violaceum bacteraemia in rural bandundu, democratic republic of the congo.	we describe the first case of bacteraemia caused by chromobacterium violaceum in the democratic republic of the congo. this diagnosis was made in an apparently healthy adult who was admitted to a rural hospital of the province of bandundu with severe community-acquired sepsis. the patient developed multi-organ failure and died; to our knowledge, this is the first reported fatal case in an adult in africa.	2014	25755887
highly sensitive and specific detection of e. coli by a sers nanobiosensor chip utilizing metallic nanosculptured thin films.	a nanobiosensor chip, utilizing surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers) on nanosculptured thin films (nstfs) of silver, was shown to detect escherichia coli (e. coli) bacteria down to the concentration level of a single bacterium. the sensor utilizes highly enhanced plasmonic nstfs of silver on a silicon platform for the enhancement of raman bands as checked with adsorbed 4-aminothiophenol molecules. t-4 bacteriophages were immobilized on the aforementioned surface of the chip for the specifi ...	2015	25756826
a bioinformatic survey of distribution, conservation, and probable functions of luxr solo regulators in bacteria.	luxr solo transcriptional regulators contain both an autoinducer binding domain (abd; n-terminal) and a dna binding helix-turn-helix domain (hth; c-terminal), but are not associated with a cognate n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) synthase coding gene in the same genome. although a few luxr solos have been characterized, their distributions as well as their role in bacterial signal perception and other processes are poorly understood. in this study we have carried out a systematic survey of distri ...	2015	25759807
antimicrobial and antiquorum-sensing studies. part 3: synthesis and biological evaluation of new series of [1,3,4]thiadiazoles and fused [1,3,4]thiadiazoles.	new series of [1,3,4]thiadiazoles and fused [1,3,4]thiadiazoles were synthesized. the newly synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial activity against staphylococcus aureus, bacillus cereus, and escherichia coli. compounds 3b and 10a displayed the highest activity against e. coli with mic value of 78.125 μg/ml. in addition, compound 10a exhibited the highest activity against b. cereus with mic value of 156.25 μg/ml. the antifungal activity of these compounds was also tested aga ...	2015	25773477
new therapies for dedifferentiated papillary thyroid cancer.	the number of thyroid cancers is increasing. standard treatment usually includes primary surgery, thyroid-stimulating hormone suppressive therapy, and ablation of the thyroid remnant with radioactive iodine (rai). despite the generally good prognosis of thyroid carcinoma, about 5% of patients will develop metastatic disease, which fails to respond to rai, exhibiting a more aggressive behavior. the lack of specific, effective and well-tolerated drugs, the scarcity of data about the association of ...	2015	25789503
traditional uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology of olea europaea (olive).	aim of the review. to grasp the fragmented information available on the botany, traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of olea europaea to explore its therapeutic potential and future research opportunities. material and methods. all the available information on o. europaea was collected via electronic search (using pubmed, scirus, google scholar, and web of science) and a library search. results. ethnomedical uses of o. europaea are recorded throughout the world where it ...	2015	25802541
violacein induces p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase-mediated solid tumor cell death and inhibits tumor cell migration.	microbial secondary metabolites have emerged as alternative novel drugs for the treatment of human cancers. violacein, a purple pigment produced by chromobacterium violaceum, was investigated in the present study for its anti-tumor properties in tumor cell lines. clinically applicable concentrations of violacein were demonstrated to inhibit the proliferative capacity of tumor cell lines according to a crystal violet proliferation assay. the underlying mechanism was the promotion of apoptotic cel ...	2015	25816226
structural and mechanistic roles of novel chemical ligands on the sdia quorum-sensing transcription regulator.	bacteria engage in chemical signaling, termed quorum sensing (qs), to mediate intercellular communication, mimicking multicellular organisms. the luxr family of qs transcription factors regulates gene expression, coordinating population behavior by sensing endogenous acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). however, some bacteria (such as escherichia coli) do not produce ahls. these luxr orphans sense exogenous ahls but also regulate transcription in the absence of ahls. importantly, this ahl-independen ...	2015	25827420
single active-site mutants are sufficient to enhance serine:pyruvate α-transaminase activity in an ω-transaminase.	we have analyzed the natural evolution of transaminase structure and sequence between an α-transaminase serine-pyruvate aminotransferase and an ω-transaminase from chromobacterium violaceum with < 20% sequence identity, and identified the active-site regions that are least conserved structurally. we also show that these structural changes correlate strongly with transaminase substrate specificity during evolution and therefore might normally be presumed to be essential determinants of substrate ...	2015	25846556
effect of salinity and incubation time of planktonic cells on biofilm formation, motility, exoprotease production, and quorum sensing of aeromonas hydrophila.	the aim of this study was to determine the effect of salinity and age of cultures on quorum sensing, exoprotease production, and biofilm formation by aeromonas hydrophila on stainless steel (ss) and crab shell as substrates. biofilm formation was assessed at various salinities, from fresh (0%) to saline water (3.0%). for young and old cultures, planktonic cells were grown at 30 °c for 24 h and 96 h, respectively. biofilm formation was assessed on ss, glass, and crab shell; viable counts were det ...	2015	25846924
the formation of biofilms by pseudomonas aeruginosa: a review of the natural and synthetic compounds interfering with control mechanisms.	p. aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogenic bacterium responsible for both acute and chronic infections. beyond its natural resistance to many drugs, its ability to form biofilm, a complex biological system, renders ineffective the clearance by immune defense systems and antibiotherapy. the objective of this report is to provide an overview (i) on p. aeruginosa biofilm lifestyle cycle, (ii) on the main key actors relevant in the regulation of biofilm formation by p. aeruginosa including qs syst ...	2015	25866808
regulation of inflammasome activation.	inflammasome biology is one of the most exciting and rapidly growing areas in immunology. over the past 10 years, inflammasomes have been recognized for their roles in the host defense against invading pathogens and in the development of cancer, auto-inflammatory, metabolic, and neurodegenerative diseases. assembly of an inflammasome complex requires cytosolic sensing of pathogen-associated molecular patterns or danger-associated molecular patterns by a nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich ...	2015	25879280
bacterial recognition pathways that lead to inflammasome activation.	inflammasomes are multi-protein signaling platforms that upon activation trigger the maturation of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-1β (il-1β) and il-18, and cell death. inflammasome sensors detect microbial and host-derived molecules. here, we review the mechanisms of inflammasome activation triggered by bacterial infection, primarily focusing on two model intracellular bacterial pathogens, francisella novicida and salmonella typhimurium. we discuss the complex relationship between b ...	2015	25879288
genome mining reveals unlocked bioactive potential of marine gram-negative bacteria.	antibiotic resistance in bacteria spreads quickly, overtaking the pace at which new compounds are discovered and this emphasizes the immediate need to discover new compounds for control of infectious diseases. terrestrial bacteria have for decades been investigated as a source of bioactive compounds leading to successful applications in pharmaceutical and biotech industries. marine bacteria have so far not been exploited to the same extent; however, they are believed to harbor a multitude of nov ...	2015	25879706
distribution in microbial genomes of genes similar to loda and goxa which encode a novel family of quinoproteins with amino acid oxidase activity.	l-amino acid oxidases (laos) have been generally described as flavoproteins that oxidize amino acids releasing the corresponding ketoacid, ammonium and hydrogen peroxide. the generation of hydrogen peroxide gives to these enzymes antimicrobial characteristics. they are involved in processes such as biofilm development and microbial competition. laos are of great biotechnological interest in different applications such as the design of biosensors, biotransformations and biomedicine. the marine ba ...	2015	25886995
from broad-spectrum biocides to quorum sensing disruptors and mussel repellents: antifouling profile of alkyl triphenylphosphonium salts.	'onium' compounds, including ammonium and phosphonium salts, have been employed as antiseptics and disinfectants. these cationic biocides have been incorporated into multiple materials, principally to avoid bacterial attachment. in this work, we selected 20 alkyl-triphenylphosphonium salts, differing mainly in the length and functionalization of their alkyl chains, in fulfilment of two main objectives: 1) to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the antifouling profile of these molecules with re ...	2015	25897858
biodiversity of genes encoding anti-microbial traits within plant associated microbes.	the plant is an attractive versatile home for diverse associated microbes. a subset of these microbes produces a diversity of anti-microbial natural products including polyketides, non-ribosomal peptides, terpenoids, heterocylic nitrogenous compounds, volatile compounds, bacteriocins, and lytic enzymes. in recent years, detailed molecular analysis has led to a better understanding of the underlying genetic mechanisms. new genomic and bioinformatic tools have permitted comparisons of orthologous ...	2015	25914708
violacein treatment modulates acute and chronic inflammation through the suppression of cytokine production and induction of regulatory t cells.	inflammation is a necessary process to control infection. however, exacerbated inflammation, acute or chronic, promotes deleterious effects in the organism. violacein (viola), a quorum sensing metabolite from the gram-negative bacterium chromobacterium violaceum, has been shown to protect mice from malaria and to have beneficial effects on tumors. however, it is not known whether this drug possesses anti-inflammatory activity. in this study, we investigated whether viola administration is able t ...	2015	25938431
structural basis for carbapenem-hydrolyzing mechanisms of carbapenemases conferring antibiotic resistance.	carbapenems (imipenem, meropenem, biapenem, ertapenem, and doripenem) are β-lactam antimicrobial agents. because carbapenems have the broadest spectra among all β-lactams and are primarily used to treat infections by multi-resistant gram-negative bacteria, the emergence and spread of carbapenemases became a major public health concern. carbapenemases are the most versatile family of β-lactamases that are able to hydrolyze carbapenems and many other β-lactams. according to the dependency of dival ...	2015	25938965
diversity and n-acyl-homoserine lactone production by gammaproteobacteria associated with avicennia marina rhizosphere of south indian mangroves.	the diversity of n-acyl-homoserine lactone (ahl)-producing rhizosphere bacterial community associated with avicennia marina in the mangrove ecosystems of south india was investigated. approximately 800 rhizobacteria were isolated from a. marina, and they were screened for the production of ahl using two biosensors, chromobacterium violaceum cv026 and agrobacterium tumefaciens ntl4 (pzlr4). among the total isolates screened, 7% of the rhizobacteria showed positive induction for ahl signals. the b ...	2015	25956585
versatile genetic assembly system (vegas) to assemble pathways for expression in s. cerevisiae.	we have developed a method for assembling genetic pathways for expression in saccharomyces cerevisiae. our pathway assembly method, called vegas (versatile genetic assembly system), exploits the native capacity of s. cerevisiae to perform homologous recombination and efficiently join sequences with terminal homology. in the vegas workflow, terminal homology between adjacent pathway genes and the assembly vector is encoded by 'vegas adapter' (va) sequences, which are orthogonal in sequence with r ...	2015	25956652
chemical composition and disruption of quorum sensing signaling in geographically diverse united states propolis.	propolis or bee glue has been used for centuries for various purposes and is especially important in human health due to many of its biological and pharmacological properties. in this work we showed quorum sensing inhibitory (qsi) activity of ten geographically distinct propolis samples from the united states using the acyl-homoserine lactone- (ahl-) dependent chromobacterium violaceum strain cv026. based on gc-ms chemical profiling the propolis samples can be classified into several groups that ...	2015	25960752
in vitro antiparasitic activity of microbial pigments and their combination with phytosynthesized metal nanoparticles.	bioactive pigments were extracted and purified from cultures of serratia marcescens and chromobacterium violaceum. spectroscopic, ftir, and hplc analyses showed prodigiosin and violacein as the principle molecules in the extract. bioactive microbial pigments prodigiosin, violacein and their combinations with phytosynthesized silver and gold nanoparticles were studied for in vitro growth inhibition of plasmodium falciparum and trypanosoma brucei gambiense. prodigiosin was found to be more effecti ...	2015	25986963
trigonella foenum-graceum (seed) extract interferes with quorum sensing regulated traits and biofilm formation in the strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa and aeromonas hydrophila.	trigonella foenum-graecum l. (fenugreek) is an important plant of the leguminosae family known to have medicinal properties. however, fraction based antiquorum sensing and antibiofilm activities have not been reported from this plant. in the present study t. foenum-graecum seed extract was sequentially fractionated and sub-mics were tested for above activities. the methanol fraction of the extract demonstrated significant inhibition of ahl regulated virulence factors: protease, lasb elastase, py ...	2015	26000026
pandoraea sp. strain e26: discovery of its quorum-sensing properties via whole-genome sequence analysis.	we report the draft genome sequence of pandoraea sp. strain e26 isolated from a former landfill site, sequenced by the illumina miseq platform. this genome sequence will be useful to further understand the quorum-sensing system of this isolate.	2015	26021935
volatile affairs in microbial interactions.	microorganisms are important factors in shaping our environment. one key characteristic that has been neglected for a long time is the ability of microorganisms to release chemically diverse volatile compounds. at present, it is clear that the blend of volatiles released by microorganisms can be very complex and often includes many unknown compounds for which the chemical structures remain to be elucidated. the biggest challenge now is to unravel the biological and ecological functions of these ...	2015	26023873
gold biorecovery from e-waste: an improved strategy through spent medium leaching with ph modification.	rapid technological advancement and relatively short life time of electronic goods have resulted in an alarming growth rate of electronic waste which often contains significant quantities of toxic and precious metals. compared to conventional recovery methods, bioleaching is an environmentally friendly process for metal extraction. gold was bioleached from electronic scrap materials (esm) via gold-cyanide complexation using cyanide produced from pure and mixed cultures of cyanogenic bacteria chr ...	2015	26025187
progress and challenges in the use of latent hiv-1 reactivating agents.	highly active antiretroviral therapy (haart) can effectively suppress the replication of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (hiv-1) and block disease progression. however, chronic hiv-1 infection remains incurable due to the persistence of a viral reservoir, including the transcriptionally silent provirus in cd4(+) memory t cells and the sanctuary sites that are inaccessible to drugs. reactivation and the subsequent elimination of latent virus through virus-specific cytotoxic effects or host immune ...	2015	26027656
sub-mics of mentha piperita essential oil and menthol inhibits ahl mediated quorum sensing and biofilm of gram-negative bacteria.	bacterial quorum sensing (qs) is a density dependent communication system that regulates the expression of certain genes including production of virulence factors in many pathogens. bioactive plant extract/compounds inhibiting qs regulated gene expression may be a potential candidate as antipathogenic drug. in this study anti-qs activity of peppermint (mentha piperita) oil was first tested using the chromobacterium violaceum cvo26 biosensor. further, the findings of the present investigation rev ...	2015	26029178
effect of tannic and gallic acids alone or in combination with carbenicillin or tetracycline on chromobacterium violaceum cv026 growth, motility, and biofilm formation.	chromobacterium violaceum is an opportunistic pathogen that causes infections that are difficult to treat. the goal of this research was to evaluate the effect of selected tannins (tannic acid (ta) and gallic acid (ga)) on bacterial growth, motility, antibiotic (carbenicillin, tetracycline) susceptibility, and biofilm formation. both tannins, particularly ta, impaired bacterial growth levels and swimming motilities at sub-minimum inhibitory concentrations (sub-mics). in combination with tannins, ...	2015	26039903
violacein induces cell death by triggering mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization in vitro.	violacein is a purple pigment from chromobacterium violaceum that possesses diverse biological and pharmacological properties. among these, pro-oxidant and antioxidant activities have been suggested. however, the cytotoxic mechanisms induced by violacein are poorly understood and the improvement in knowledge regarding these cell death mechanisms will be useful to develop new therapeutic approaches. considering this, in our work, we investigated the pro-oxidant effects of violacein in non-tumor ( ...	2015	26048053
evaluation of cyp3a-mediated drug-drug interactions with romidepsin in patients with advanced cancer.	two multicenter, single-arm, single-infusion, open-label studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of ketoconazole (a strong cyp3a inhibitor) or rifampin (a strong cyp3a inducer) daily for 5 days on the pharmacokinetics (pk) and safety of romidepsin (8 mg/m(2) intravenous 4-hour infusion for the ketoconazole study or a 14 mg/m(2) intravenous 4-hour infusion for the rifampin study) in patients with advanced cancer. romidepsin coadministered with ketoconazole (400 mg) or rifampin (600 mg) was ...	2015	26053962
isoprenyl caffeate, a major compound in manuka propolis, is a quorum-sensing inhibitor in chromobacterium violaceum.	the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial pathogens, especially gram-negative bacteria, has driven investigations into suppressing bacterial virulence via quorum sensing (qs) inhibition strategies instead of bactericidal and bacteriostatic approaches. here, we investigated several bee products for potential compound(s) that exhibit significant qs inhibitory (qsi) properties at the phenotypic and molecular levels in chromobacterium violaceum atcc 12472 as a model organism. manuka propolis p ...	2015	26059863
bacterial cellulose biosynthesis: diversity of operons, subunits, products, and functions.	recent studies of bacterial cellulose biosynthesis, including structural characterization of a functional cellulose synthase complex, provided the first mechanistic insight into this fascinating process. in most studied bacteria, just two subunits, bcsa and bcsb, are necessary and sufficient for the formation of the polysaccharide chain in vitro. other subunits - which differ among various taxa - affect the enzymatic activity and product yield in vivo by modulating (i) the expression of the bios ...	2015	26077867
a new meroditerpene and a new tryptoquivaline analog from the algicolous fungus neosartorya takakii kufc 7898.	a new meroditerpene sartorenol (1), a new natural product takakiamide (2) and a new tryptoquivaline analog (3) were isolated, together with nine known compounds, including aszonapyrone a, chevalone b, aszonalenin, acetylaszonalenin, 3'-(4-oxoquinazolin-3-yl) spiro[1h-indole-3,5'-oxolane]-2,2'-dione, tryptoquivalines l, f and h, and the isocoumarin derivative, 6-hydroxymellein, from the ethyl acetate extract of the culture of the algicolous fungus neosartorya takakii kufc 7898. the structures of ...	2015	26082989
violacein as a genetically-controlled, enzymatically amplified and photobleaching-resistant chromophore for optoacoustic bacterial imaging.	there is growing interest in genetically expressed reporters for in vivo studies of bacterial colonization in the context of infectious disease research, studies of the bacterial microbiome or cancer imaging and treatment. to empower non-invasive high-resolution bacterial tracking with deep tissue penetration, we herein use the genetically controlled biosynthesis of the deep-purple pigment violacein as a photobleaching-resistant chromophore label for in vivo optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging ...	2015	26091543
pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm response and resistance to cold atmospheric pressure plasma is linked to the redox-active molecule phenazine.	pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important opportunistic pathogen displaying high antibiotic resistance. its resistance is in part due to its outstanding ability to form biofilms on a range of biotic and abiotic surfaces leading to difficult-to-treat, often long-term infections. cold atmospheric plasma (cap) is a new, promising antibacterial treatment to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria. plasma is ionized gas that has antibacterial properties through the generation of a mix of reactive oxygen an ...	2015	26114428
agur, a transmembrane transcription activator of the putrescine biosynthesis operon in lactococcus lactis, acts in response to the agmatine concentration.	dairy industry fermentative processes mostly use lactococcus lactis as a starter. however, some dairy l. lactis strains produce putrescine, a biogenic amine that raises food safety and spoilage concerns, via the agmatine deiminase (agdi) pathway. the enzymatic activities responsible for putrescine biosynthesis in this bacterium are encoded by the agdi gene cluster. the role of the catabolic genes agub, agud, agua, and aguc has been studied, but knowledge regarding the role of agur (the first gen ...	2015	26116671
heterologous induction of a predicted promoter sequence for paraquat-inducible genes of chromobacterium violaceum in response to paraquat compound.		2015	26132041
risk factors of organ failure in cholangitis with bacteriobilia.	to identify the risk factors for organ failure (of) in cholangitis with bacteriobilia.	2015	26139997
precise metabolic engineering of carotenoid biosynthesis in escherichia coli towards a low-cost biosensor.	micronutrient deficiencies, including zinc deficiency, are responsible for hundreds of thousands of deaths annually. a key obstacle to allocating scarce treatment resources is the ability to measure population blood micronutrient status inexpensively and quickly enough to identify those who most need treatment. this paper develops a metabolically engineered strain of escherichia coli to produce different colored pigments (violacein, lycopene, and β-carotene) in response to different extracellula ...	2015	26141149
raman spectroscopic study of the chromobacterium violaceum pigment violacein using multiwavelength excitation and dft calculations.	violacein is a bisindole pigment occurring as a biosynthetic product of chromobacterium violaceum and janthinobacterium lividum. it has some structural similarities to the cyanobacterial uv-protective pigment scytonemin, which has been the subject of comprehensive spectroscopic and structural studies. a detailed experimental raman spectroscopic study with visible and near-infrared excitation of violacein produced by c. violaceum has been undertaken and supported using theoretical dft calculation ...	2015	26151435
a quantum chemical study of the ω-transaminase reaction mechanism.	ω-transaminases are valuable tools in biocatalysis due to their stereospecificity and their broad substrate range. in the present study, the reaction mechanism of chromobacterium violaceum ω-transaminase is investigated by means of density functional theory calculations. a large active site model is designed based on the recent x-ray crystal structure. the detailed energy profile for the half-transamination of (s)-1-phenylethylamine to acetophenone is calculated and the involved transition state ...	2015	26154047
the infectious and noninfectious dermatological consequences of flooding: a field manual for the responding provider.	meteorological data show that disastrous floods are increasingly frequent and more severe in recent years, perhaps due to climatic changes such as global warming. during and after a flood disaster, traumatic injuries, communicable diseases, chemical exposures, malnutrition, decreased access to care, and even mental health disorders dramatically increase, and many of these have dermatological manifestations. numerous case reports document typical and atypical cutaneous infections, percutaneous tr ...	2015	26159354
epigenetic activities of flavonoids in the prevention and treatment of cancer.	aberrant epigenetic modifications are described in an increasing number of pathological conditions, including neurodegenerative diseases, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus type 2, obesity and cancer. the general reversibility of epigenetic changes makes them an attractive and promising target e.g. in the treatment of cancer. thus, a growing number of epigenetically active compounds are currently tested in clinical trials for their therapeutic potential. interestingly, many phytochemical ...	2015	26161152
biotechnological applications of functional metagenomics in the food and pharmaceutical industries.	microorganisms are found throughout nature, thriving in a vast range of environmental conditions. the majority of them are unculturable or difficult to culture by traditional methods. metagenomics enables the study of all microorganisms, regardless of whether they can be cultured or not, through the analysis of genomic data obtained directly from an environmental sample, providing knowledge of the species present, and allowing the extraction of information regarding the functionality of microbia ...	2015	26175729
pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation and persistence, along with the production of quorum sensing-dependent virulence factors, are disrupted by a triterpenoid coumarate ester isolated from dalbergia trichocarpa, a tropical legume.	recently, extracts of dalbergia trichocarpa bark have been shown to disrupt p. aeruginosa pao1 quorum sensing (qs) mechanisms, which are key regulators of virulence factor expression and implicated in biofilm formation. one of the active compounds has been isolated and identified as oleanolic aldehyde coumarate (oalc), a novel bioactive compound that inhibits the formation of p. aeruginosa pao1 biofilm and its maintenance as well as the expression of the las and rhl qs systems. consequently, the ...	2015	26186595
purification and characterization of a fucoidanase (fnase s) from a marine bacterium sphingomonas paucimobilis pf-1.	the search for enzyme activities that efficiently degrade marine polysaccharides is becoming an increasingly important area for both structural analysis and production of lower-molecular weight oligosaccharides. in this study, an endo-acting fucoidanase that degrades miyeokgui fucoidan (mf), a sulfated galactofucan isolated from the sporophyll (called miyeokgui in korean) of undaria pinnatifida, into smaller-sized galactofuco-oligosaccharides (1000-4000 da) was purified from a marine bacterium, ...	2015	26193285
ω-transaminases for the amination of functionalised cyclic ketones.	the potential of a number of enantiocomplementary ω-transaminases (ω-tams) in the amination of cyclic ketones has been investigated. after a preliminary screening of several compounds with increasing complexity, different approaches to shift the equilibrium of the reaction to the amine products were studied, and reaction conditions (temperature and ph) optimised. interestingly, 2-propylamine as an amine donor was tolerated by all five selected ω-tams, and therefore used in further experiments. d ...	2015	26194788
quorum sensing protects pseudomonas aeruginosa against cheating by other species in a laboratory coculture model.	many species of bacteria use a cell-cell communication system called quorum sensing (qs) to coordinate group activities. qs systems frequently regulate the production of exoproducts. some of these products, such as proteases, are "public goods" that are shared among the population and vulnerable to cheating by nonproducing members of the population. because the qs system of the opportunistic pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa regulates several public goods, it can serve as a model for studying coop ...	2015	26195596
active-site engineering of ω-transaminase for production of unnatural amino acids carrying a side chain bulkier than an ethyl substituent.	ω-transaminase (ω-ta) is a promising enzyme for use in the production of unnatural amino acids from keto acids using cheap amino donors such as isopropylamine. the small substrate-binding pocket of most ω-tas permits entry of substituents no larger than an ethyl group, which presents a significant challenge to the preparation of structurally diverse unnatural amino acids. here we report on the engineering of an (s)-selective ω-ta from ochrobactrum anthropi (oata) to reduce the steric constraint ...	2015	26231640
microbial pigments as natural color sources: current trends and future perspectives.	synthetic colors have been widely used in various industries including food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. however toxicity problems caused by synthetic pigments have triggered intense research in natural colors and dyes. among the natural sources, pigment producing microorganisms hold a promising potential to meet present day challenges. furthermore natural colors not only improve the marketability of the product but also add extra features like anti oxidant, anti cancer properties etc ...	2014	26243889
microbial pigments as natural color sources: current trends and future perspectives.	synthetic colors have been widely used in various industries including food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceuticals. however toxicity problems caused by synthetic pigments have triggered intense research in natural colors and dyes. among the natural sources, pigment producing microorganisms hold a promising potential to meet present day challenges. furthermore natural colors not only improve the marketability of the product but also add extra features like anti oxidant, anti cancer properties etc ...	2014	26243889
quercetin influences quorum sensing in food borne bacteria: in-vitro and in-silico evidence.	quorum sensing (qs) plays a vital role in regulating the virulence factor of many food borne pathogens, which causes severe public health risk. therefore, interrupting the qs signaling pathway may be an attractive strategy to combat microbial infections. in the current study qs inhibitory activity of quercetin and its anti-biofilm property was assessed against food-borne pathogens using a bio-sensor strain. in addition in-silico techniques like molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation ...	2015	26248208
functionalized formazans: a review on recent progress in their pharmacological activities.	this review provides an up to date information about the diverse pharmaceutical activities of formazans. the bibliography includes 97 references which have been published during the period from 1980 to 2013. the covered biological activities of the title compounds include antioxidant, anticonvulsant, therapeutic, anthelmintic, anti-tubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-hiv, antimicrobial, antiparkinsonian, cardiovascular and antiproliferative activities.	2014	26257923
functionalized formazans: a review on recent progress in their pharmacological activities.	this review provides an up to date information about the diverse pharmaceutical activities of formazans. the bibliography includes 97 references which have been published during the period from 1980 to 2013. the covered biological activities of the title compounds include antioxidant, anticonvulsant, therapeutic, anthelmintic, anti-tubercular, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-hiv, antimicrobial, antiparkinsonian, cardiovascular and antiproliferative activities.	2014	26257923
effect of cinnamon oil on quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors and biofilm formation in pseudomonas aeruginosa.	quorum sensing (qs) is a system of stimuli and responses in bacterial cells governed by their population density, through which they regulate genes that control virulence factors and biofilm formation. despite considerable research on qs and the discovery of new antibiotics, qs-controlled biofilm formation by microorganisms in clinical settings has remained a problem because of nascent drug resistance, which requires screening of diverse compounds for anti-qs activities. cinnamon is a dietary ph ...	2015	26263486
effect of the synthetic cannabinoid hu-210 on quorum sensing and on the production of quorum sensing-mediated virulence factors by vibrio harveyi.	bacterial populations communicate through the cell density-dependent mechanism of quorum sensing (qs). vibrio harveyi, one of the best studied model organisms for qs, was used to explore effects of the synthetic cannabinoid hu-210 on qs and different qs-regulated physiological processes in bacteria.	2015	26264142
the cysteine dioxygenase homologue from pseudomonas aeruginosa is a 3-mercaptopropionate dioxygenase.	thiol dioxygenation is the initial oxidation step that commits a thiol to important catabolic or biosynthetic pathways. the reaction is catalyzed by a family of specific non-heme mononuclear iron proteins each of which is reported to react efficiently with only one substrate. this family of enzymes includes cysteine dioxygenase, cysteamine dioxygenase, mercaptosuccinate dioxygenase, and 3-mercaptopropionate dioxygenase. using sequence alignment to infer cysteine dioxygenase activity, a cysteine ...	2015	26272617
exposure to an extremely low-frequency electromagnetic field only slightly modifies the proteome of chromobacterium violaceumatcc 12472.	several studies of the physiological responses of different organisms exposed to extremely low-frequency electromagnetic fields (elf-emf) have been described. in this work, we report the minimal effects of in situ exposure to elf-emf on the global protein expression of chromobacterium violaceum using a gel-based proteomic approach. the protein expression profile was only slightly altered, with five differentially expressed proteins detected in the exposed cultures; two of these proteins (dna-bin ...	2015	26273227
inhibition of quorum sensing-mediated biofilm formation in pseudomonas aeruginosa by a locally isolated bacillus cereus.	quorum sensing has been shown to play a crucial role in pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenesis where it activates expression of myriad genes that regulate the production of important virulence factors such as biofilm formation. antagonism of quorum sensing is an excellent target for antimicrobial therapy and represents a novel approach to combat drug resistance. in this study, chromobacterium violaceum biosensor strain was employed as a fast, sensitive, reliable, and easy to use tool for rapid scre ...	2015	26288125
structure of ribosomal silencing factor bound to mycobacterium tuberculosis ribosome.	the ribosomal silencing factor rsfs slows cell growth by inhibiting protein synthesis during periods of diminished nutrient availability. the crystal structure of mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb) rsfs, together with the cryo-electron microscopy (em) structure of the large subunit 50s of mtb ribosome, reveals how inhibition of protein synthesis by rsfs occurs. rsfs binds to the 50s at l14, which, when occupied, blocks the association of the small subunit 30s. although mtb rsfs is a dimer in solut ...	2015	26299947
evolution of cyclizing 5-aminolevulinate synthases in the biosynthesis of actinomycete secondary metabolites: outcomes for genetic screening techniques.	a combined approach, comprising pcr screening and genome mining, was used to unravel the diversity and phylogeny of genes encoding 5-aminolevulinic acid synthases (alass, hema gene products) in streptomycetes-related strains. in actinomycetes, these genes were believed to be directly connected with the production of secondary metabolites carrying the c5n unit, 2-amino-3-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone, with biological activities making them attractive for future use in medicine and agriculture. unlike ...	2015	26300877
successful treatment of chromobacterium violaceum sepsis in a south indian adult.	infection due to chromobacterium violaceum is rare. diagnosis may be delayed since chromobacterium sepsis may mimic melioidosis, especially in melioidosis-endemic areas. management of chromobacterium infection is challenging given the propensity of this pathogen to cause visceral abscesses, drug resistance, and relapse. mortality rates are high despite treatment. we report a case of c. violaceum septicemia in an immunocompetent adult from south india, who was successfully treated with combinatio ...	2015	26304923
natural compound-derived epigenetic regulators targeting epigenetic readers, writers and erasers.	post-translational modifications can affect gene expression in a long-term manner without changes in the primary nucleotide sequence of the dna. these epigenetic alterations involve dynamic processes that occur in histones, chromatin-associated proteins and dna. in response to environmental stimuli, abnormal epigenetic alterations cause disorders in the cell cycle, apoptosis and other cellular processes and thus contribute to the incidence of diverse diseases, including cancers. in this review, ...	2016	26306989
haemophilus influenzae: using comparative genomics to accurately identify a highly recombinogenic human pathogen.	haemophilus influenzae is an opportunistic bacterial pathogen that exclusively colonises humans and is associated with both acute and chronic disease. despite its clinical significance, accurate identification of h. influenzae is a non-trivial endeavour. h. haemolyticus can be misidentified as h. influenzae from clinical specimens using selective culturing methods, reflecting both the shared environmental niche and phenotypic similarities of these species. on the molecular level, frequent geneti ...	2015	26311542
a novel designed bioreactor for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards.	for recovering precious metals from waste printed circuit boards (pcbs), a novel hybrid technology including physical and biological methods was developed. it consisted of crushing, corona-electrostatic separation, and bioleaching. bioleaching process is the focus of this paper. a novel bioreactor for bioleaching was designed. bioleaching was carried out using pseudomonas chlororaphis. bioleaching experiments using mixed particles of au and cu were performed and leachate contained 0.006 mg/l, 28 ...	2015	26316021
canonical inflammasomes drive ifn-γ to prime caspase-11 in defense against a cytosol-invasive bacterium.	the inflammatory caspases 1 and 11 are activated in response to different agonists and act independently to induce pyroptosis. in the context of il-1β/il-18 secretion, however, in vitro studies indicate that caspase-11 acts upstream of nlrp3 and caspase-1. by contrast, studying infection in vivo by the cytosol-invasive bacterium burkholderia thailandensis, we find that caspase-1 activity is required upstream of caspase-11 to control infection. caspase-1-activated il-18 induces ifn-γ to prime cas ...	2015	26320999
synergistic combination of violacein and azoles that leads to enhanced killing of major human pathogenic dermatophytic fungi trichophyton rubrum.	superficial mycoses caused by dermatophytic fungi such as trichophyton rubrum represent the most common type of worldwide human infection affecting various keratinized tissues in our body such as the skin, hair, and nails, etc. the dermatophytic infection is a significant public health threat due to its persistent nature and high recurrence rates, and thus alternative treatments to cure this fungal infection are urgently required. the present study mainly focused on the synergistic activity of v ...	2015	26322275
two siblings with fatal chromobacterium violaceum sepsis linked to drinking water.	chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative organism found in water and soil. c. violaceum is not usually pathogenic in humans; only approximately 150 human cases have been reported worldwide. c. violaceum bacteraemia progresses rapidly, leading to fatal sepsis on dissemination to multiple organs within a short time. we describe two cases of fatal septicaemia caused by c. violaceum in siblings. our initial impression was that these cases were associated with an undiagnosed immunodeficiency in t ...	2015	26323978
modulation of quorum sensing-controlled virulence factors by nymphaea tetragona (water lily) extract.	nymphaea tetragona is a widely distributed ornamental species with ethnomedicinal uses in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, eruptive fevers, and infections. the anti-infectious activities of this herb have already been assessed to clarify its traditional use as a medicine.	2015	26325430
complete genome sequencing of pandoraea pnomenusa rb38 and molecular characterization of its n-acyl homoserine lactone synthase gene ppni.	in this study, we sequenced the genome of pandoraea pnomenusa rb38 using pacific biosciences rsii (pacbio) single molecule real time (smrt) sequencing technology. a pair of cognate luxi/r homologs was identified where the luxi homolog, ppni, was found adjacent to a luxr homolog, ppnr1. an additional orphan luxr homolog, ppnr2, was also discovered. multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis revealed that ppni is an n-acyl homoserine lactone (ahl) synthase gene that is distinct from tho ...	2015	26336650
violacein: properties and production of a versatile bacterial pigment.	violacein-producing bacteria, with their striking purple hues, have undoubtedly piqued the curiosity of scientists since their first discovery. the bisindole violacein is formed by the condensation of two tryptophan molecules through the action of five proteins. the genes required for its production, vioabcde, and the regulatory mechanisms employed have been studied within a small number of violacein-producing strains. as a compound, violacein is known to have diverse biological activities, incl ...	2015	26339614
rapid bioassay-guided isolation of antibacterial clerodane type diterpenoid from dodonaea viscosa (l.) jaeq.	plant extracts are complex matrices and, although crude extracts are widely in use, purified compounds are pivotal in drug discovery. this study describes the application of automated preparative-hplc combined with a rapid off-line bacterial bioassay, using reduction of a tetrazolium salt as an indicator of bacterial metabolism. this approach enabled the identification of fractions from dodonaea viscosa that were active against staphylococcus aureus and escherichia coli, which, ultimately, resul ...	2015	26343638
prodigiosin and its potential applications.	since a decade, there has been a strong consumer demand for more natural products. this has augmented inclination towards substitution of synthetic colorants with natural pigments. natural pigments not only have the capacity to increase the marketability of products, they also demonstrate valuable biological activities as antioxidants and anticancer agents. there is a long history of exploitation of natural products produced by bacteria as sources of pharmaceutically important, bioactive compoun ...	2015	26344956
superoxide radical-generating compounds activate a predicted promoter site for paraquat-inducible genes of the chromobacterium violaceum bacterium in a dose-dependent manner.	the purpose of the present study was to functionally evaluate the influence of superoxide radical-generating compounds on the heterologous induction of a predicted promoter region of open reading frames for paraquat-inducible genes (pqi genes) revealed during genome annotation analyses of the chromobacterium violaceum bacterium. a 388-bp fragment corresponding to a pqi gene promoter of c. violaceum was amplified using specific primers and cloned into a conjugative vector containing the escherich ...	2015	26345950
potential of epigenetic therapies in the management of solid tumors.	cancer is a complex disease with both genetic and epigenetic origins. the growing field of epigenetics has contributed to our understanding of oncogenesis and tumor progression, and has allowed the development of novel therapeutic drugs. first-generation epigenetic inhibitor drugs have obtained modest clinical results in two types of hematological malignancy. second-generation epigenetic inhibitors are in development, and have intrinsically greater selectivity for their molecular targets. solid ...	2015	26346546