Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| human cytotoxic t-lymphocyte repertoire to influenza a viruses. | the murine cd8(+) cytotoxic-t-lymphocyte (ctl) repertoire appears to be quite limited in response to influenza a viruses. the ctl responses to influenza a virus in humans were examined to determine if the ctl repertoire is also very limited. bulk cultures revealed that a number of virus proteins were recognized in ctl assays. ctl lines were isolated from three donors for detailed study and found to be specific for epitopes on numerous influenza a viral proteins. eight distinct cd8(+) ctl lines w ... | 1998 | 9765409 |
| a sensitive and specific elisa immunocapture assay for rapid quantitation of influenza a/h3n2 neuraminidase protein. | both ha and na proteins elicit antibodies which have been shown to be capable of altering the course of infection. nevertheless, while influenza virus vaccine standardization involves hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) in terms of antigenic characterization, only ha protein quantitation is undertaken. an immunocapture elisa (eia) is described for n2 na quantitation, based on the use of a highly specific monoclonal antibody (mab) for capturing na and an anti-na antiserum for antigen detect ... | 1998 | 9766889 |
| [serologic study for determining the circulation of respiratory viruses in havana city]. | during 1991, 2,400 serum samples from subjects under 15 years, and 2,400 serum samples from subjects with the same age or over 15 years were assessed against antigens of 7 respiratory viruses by the complement fixation test or by the haemagglutination inhibition technique. the results from these investigations allowed to determine the little circulation of the respiratory syncytial virus which may result in an increase of a susceptible population and the occurrence of outbreaks. the endemic stat ... | 1992 | 9768216 |
| isolation and identification of influenza viruses from clinical materials in 1977-1993 at veterans general hospital-taipei. | from 1977 to 1993, 15,189 throat swab samples were received for isolation and identification of influenza virus in the clinical virology laboratory, veterans general hospital-taipei. most of the samples came from the pediatric department. there were 634 identified strains of the influenza virus; the successful isolation rate was 4.17% in average/year. among these isolates, 56.3% (357/634) were influenza b; 12.1% (77/634) were influenza a/h1n1 and 28.1% (178/634) were influenza a/h3n2. about 3.5% ... | 1995 | 9774990 |
| responses to influenza vaccination in different t-cell subsets: a comparison of healthy young and older adults. | t-lymphocyte responses to influenza vaccination were measured in healthy young and older adult volunteers. all participants were vaccinated with the 1995-96 trivalent influenza vaccine. cytokine and granzyme b levels were measured in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc) cultures after virus stimulation, prior to and 4 and 12 weeks after vaccination. the major findings in the older adult group were the different types of helper t-cell (th) responses to each of the vaccine strains of virus an ... | 1998 | 9778750 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of dna vaccines encoding influenza a proteins in aged mice. | influenza is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in older persons. the current influenza vaccine is only modestly successful, in part because of an age-related decline in immunogenicity and also because it induces only type-specified immunity. to overcome this, we evaluated dna vaccines encoding a/pr8/34 haemagglutinin (ha) and nucleoprotein (np) in young and aged balb/c mice. control mice were given formalin-inactivated a/pr8/34, control dna, or a non-lethal dose of pr8. aged mice given ... | 1998 | 9778751 |
| evaluation of live, cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines in elderly and high-risk subjects. | we have evaluated the use of live cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines in the elderly. cold-adapted influenza a and b virus vaccines are safe and modestly immunogenic in individuals over 65 years of age. however, our studies and those of other groups have shown that immune response to cold-adapted vaccines in this age group are modest. administration of combined cold-adapted influenza a and inactivated influenza vaccine has resulted in slightly higher frequencies of local and systemic h ... | 1998 | 9778752 |
| [evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test for diagnosis of influenza a virus infection]. | a rapid enzyme immunoassay membrane test, directigen flu a (becton dickinson, usa), was evaluated by using virus isolates and clinical specimens. the reference laboratory diagnosis was based on the results of virus isolation. directigen flu a was reactive for all subtypes of human influenza a viruses, including reference strains of h1n1, h2n2 and h3n2. moreover, h5n1 (hongkong/156/97) was also detected by this kit. no cross reactivity was detected with other respiratory viruses. directigen flu a ... | 1998 | 9780586 |
| the plea against annual influenza vaccination? 'the hoskins' paradox' revisited. | three papers by hoskins and collaborators published in the lancet in the 70s, have been challenging the common policy to annually vaccinate people at risk with inactivated influenza virus vaccine. from an analysis of a vaccination campaign in adolescent pupils of a boarding school and four influenza outbreaks in the period 1970-76, hoskins et al. concluded that annually repeated vaccinations would not confer protection against epidemic influenza in the long-term ('hoskins' paradox'). a review of ... | 1998 | 9796045 |
| [impact of influenza a virus infection as a cause of pediatric hospitalization and use of rapid antigen test of influenza a virus]. | from the winter of 1997 to the spring of 1988, a severe epidemic caused by influenza a (h3n2) developed in japan. during the epidemic (december 1997 to february 1998), 239 children were admitted to the pediatric ward of nippon kokan hospital: as many as 76 (31.8%) were hospitalized with influenza a (h3n2) infection. most were young healthy children (mean age, 3.7 years), suggesting the need of influenza immunization for this age group. 110 specimens of hospitalized children were examined by rapi ... | 1998 | 9796186 |
| [the characterization of influenza viruses by the immunoperoxidase method using monoclonal antibodies. its setup and validation]. | the immunoperoxidase method for the rapid classification of influenza viruses in type and subtype was applied and validated for the first time in cuba. the method is based on a rapid culture in mdck-l cells and on the use of monoclonal antibodies for the classification in type and subtype. a pool of antibodies against influenza a and another against influenza b and ha1-71 and ha2-76 monoclonal antibodies are used for the subtyping in h1 and h3. the validation was carried out by applying this met ... | 1996 | 9805039 |
| thujaplicin-copper chelates inhibit replication of human influenza viruses. | the effects of alpha-, beta- and gamma-thujaplicins and six of their metal chelates on human influenza virus-induced apoptosis in madin-darby canine kidney (mdck) cells were examined by dna fragmentation and flow cytometry. among the compounds tested, thujaplicin copper chelates inhibited apoptosis induced in the infected mdck cells with influenza a/pr/8/34(h1n1), a/shingapol/1/57(h2n2), a/aichi/2/68(h3n2) and b/lee/40 viruses, at concentrations of more than 5 microm. these results indicate that ... | 1998 | 9806486 |
| use of recombinant nucleoproteins in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg antibodies in influenza virus a- or b-infected patients. | the nucleoprotein genes of influenza virus a/netherlands/018/94 (h3n2) and influenza virus b/harbin/7/94 were cloned into the bacterial expression vector pmalc to yield highly purified recombinant influenza virus a and b nucleoproteins. with these recombinant influenza nucleoproteins, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were developed for the detection of influenza virus a- and b-specific immunoglobulin a (iga) and igg serum antibodies. serum samples were collected at consecutive time po ... | 1998 | 9817867 |
| influenza a virus infection increases ige production and airway responsiveness in aerosolized antigen-exposed mice. | respiratory viral infection is known clinically to promote sensitization to antigen inhalation and the development of asthma. | 1998 | 9819289 |
| characterization of human influenza virus variants selected in vitro in the presence of the neuraminidase inhibitor gs 4071. | an oral prodrug of gs 4071, a potent and selective inhibitor of influenza neuraminidases, is currently under clinical development for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza virus infections in humans. to investigate the potential development of resistance during the clinical use of this compound, variants of the human influenza a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) virus with reduced susceptibility to the neuraminidase inhibitor gs 4071 were selected in vitro by passaging the virus in mdck cells in the pre ... | 1998 | 9835519 |
| virological and pathomorphological aspects in experimental infections with some triassociated pneumotropic viruses in the white mouse. | experimental infections were induced in white mice by intranasal administration of parainfluenza virus type 3, 739-2d strain, to which influenza virus a/beijing, 353/89 (h3n2) strain, and respiratory syncytial virus, long strain, were associated. the model was organized so as to obtain a triassociated infection, parainfluenza virus type 3 being inoculated the first and the other two viruses, in the following stages-ii and iii-, alternately. the infections were revealed by the presence of positiv ... | 1997 | 9836325 |
| [fast detection and characterization of influenza a and b viruses in nasopharyngeal secretions by the immunoperoxidase method]. | one hundred and fourty eight samples from patients with a symptomatology compatible with the influenza virus were studied aimed at identifying in a fast way these viruses. a rapid mdck-l cell culture was developed on 96 well plates, where nasopharingeal exudates or gargarisms were inoculated and incubated all night long at 37 degrees c. the medium was removed and cells were washed with pbs and fixed with methanol. viral antigens were detected through the immunoperoxidase staining by using two mo ... | 1998 | 9842266 |
| influenza surveillance in england and wales: october 1997 to june 1998. | influenza caused low levels of mortality and morbidity in england and wales in the 1997/98 season. influenza viruses of the h3n2 and h1n1 subtypes were isolated in small numbers from community and hospital patients in november and december. their numbers subsequently increased to peak in february, h1n1 a week or two before h3n2. most of the h1n1 isolates were similar to the a/bayern/7/95-like virus, included in the vaccine recommended for 1997-98, whereas most h3n2 isolates were a/sydney/5/97-li ... | 1998 | 9854882 |
| evaluation of recombinant a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2) influenza neuraminidase mutants as potential broad-spectrum subunit vaccines against influenza a. | current influenza vaccines require repeated administration for long-term protection. failure to develop broad-spectrum vaccines may be attributed to the chronic presentation of hypervariable, immunodominant epitopes displayed on the viral surface that keep the immune response somewhat fixed and limited by suppression of broadly neutralizing, low-titered antibodies. to test this hypothesis, we have attempted to dampen the immunogenicity of variable epitopes and potential immunodominant domains of ... | 1998 | 9856088 |
| effect of prednisone on response to influenza virus vaccine in asthmatic children. | to evaluate the immunogenicity of the influenza virus vaccine in children receiving short-course (a burst) prednisone therapy for acute asthmatic exacerbations. | 1998 | 9856428 |
| multiple genetic reassortment of avian and human influenza a viruses in european pigs, resulting in the emergence of an h1n2 virus of novel genotype. | novel h1n2 influenza a viruses which were first detected in pigs in great britain in 1994 were examined antigenically and genetically to determine their origins and establish the potential mechanisms for genetic reassortment. the haemagglutinin (ha) of all swine h 1 n2 viruses examined was most closely related to, but clearly distinguishable both antigenically and genetically from, the ha of human h1n1 viruses which circulated in the human population during the early 1 980s. phylogenetic analysi ... | 1998 | 9880008 |
| protection against a lethal avian influenza a virus in a mammalian system. | the question of how best to protect the human population against a potential influenza pandemic has been raised by the recent outbreak caused by an avian h5n1 virus in hong kong. the likely strategy would be to vaccinate with a less virulent, laboratory-adapted h5n1 strain isolated previously from birds. little attention has been given, however, to dissecting the consequences of sequential exposure to serologically related influenza a viruses using contemporary immunology techniques. such experi ... | 1999 | 9882351 |
| heterosubtypic immunity to lethal influenza a virus infection is associated with virus-specific cd8(+) cytotoxic t lymphocyte responses induced in mucosa-associated tissues. | heterosubtypic immunity, defined as cross-reactive immune responses to influenza virus of a different serotype than the virus initially encountered, was investigated in association with virus-specific cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) responses induced in systemic and mucosa-associated lymph nodes after immunization via different routes. mice immunized by the pulmonary route with live nonpathogenic influenza virus, strain udorn (h3n2), survived challenge with mouse-adapted pathogenic influenza virus, ... | 1999 | 9927573 |
| role of neuraminidase in influenza virus-induced apoptosis. | the virulent influenza virus clone 7a produced a greater level of apoptosis in mdck cells compared with the attenuated strain a/fiji. in both cases, apoptosis could be partially blocked by treatment with three anti-neuraminidase compounds [4-amino-(gr121158a) and 4-guanidino- (gg167; zanamivir) 2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid and 2,3-dehydro-2-deoxy-n-acetylneuraminic acid (dana)] when they were given to cells during the virus attachment/entry phase, but not subsequent to this phase. in cont ... | 1999 | 9934696 |
| immunogenicity of influenza vaccine in patients with hemato-oncological disorders. | the aim of this study was to measure the production of antihemagglutinin and antineuraminidase antibodies in patients with proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic or lymphatic system, immunized with influenza vaccine in the epidemic season 1995/96. twenty patients between 22 and 84 years volunteered for vaccination and were vaccinated subcutaneously with a single dose of split trivalent influenza vaccine ("fluarix", smithkline beecham) in autumn 1995 at the outpatients clinic, general hospit ... | 1999 | 10037036 |
| evaluation of clinical case definitions of influenza: detailed investigation of patients during the 1995-1996 epidemic in france. | using clinical predictors, we evaluated clinical case definitions of influenza during the 1995-1996 outbreak in france. thirty-five general practitioners collected virological specimens and clinical data. predictors of influenza virus infection were selected with logistic regression models. the results varied with the influenza virus subtype: temperature of >38.2 degrees c, stiffness or myalgia, rhinorrhea, and cough were predictive of influenza a/h3n2, whereas fatigue, lacrimation or conjunctiv ... | 1999 | 10064245 |
| inhibition of viral adhesion and infection by sialic-acid-conjugated dendritic polymers. | multiple sialic acid (sa) residues conjugated to a linear polyacrylamide backbone are more effective than monomeric sa at inhibiting influenza-induced agglutination of red blood cells. however, "polymeric inhibitors" based on polyacrylamide backbones are cytotoxic. dendritic polymers offer a nontoxic alternative to polyacrylamide and may provide a variety of potential synthetic inhibitors of influenza virus adhesion due to the wide range of available polymer structures. we evaluated several dend ... | 1999 | 10077477 |
| protection of mice against a lethal influenza virus challenge after immunization with yeast-derived secreted influenza virus hemagglutinin. | the a/victoria/3/75 (h3n2-subtype) hemagglutinin (ha) gene was engineered for expression in pichia pastoris as a soluble secreted molecule. the ha cdna lacking the c-terminal transmembrane anchor-coding sequence was fused to the saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor secretion signal and placed under control of the methanol-inducible p. pastoris alcohol oxidase 1 (aox1) promoter. growth of transformants on methanol-containing medium resulted in the secretion of recombinant non-cleaved solu ... | 1999 | 10091596 |
| influenza vaccination in liver transplant recipients. | the immunogenicity of the trivalent inactivated influenza split virus vaccine (infusplit ssw 97/98) containing a/bayern/07/95 (h1n1)-like (a/johannesburg/82/96 [nib-39]), a/wuhan/359/95 (h3n2)-like (a/nanchang/933/95 [resvir-0]), and b/beijing/184/93-like (b/harbin/7/94) hemagglutinin antigens was tested in liver transplant recipients (txl-r). | 1999 | 10096534 |
| a novel influenza subunit vaccine composed of liposome-encapsulated haemagglutinin/neuraminidase and il-2 or gm-csf. i. vaccine characterization and efficacy studies in mice. | the aim of this study was to improve the potency of the currently used influenza subunit vaccines, which are of relatively low efficiency in high-risk groups. influenza a virus (shangdong/9/93) haemagglutinin/neuraminidase (h3n2), granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (gm-csf) and interleukin-2 (il-2) were encapsulated, each separately or combined, in multilamellar vesicles composed of dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine. balb/c mice were immunized once, i.p. or s.c., with 0.05-2.0 microg ... | 1999 | 10195636 |
| antigenic drift in swine influenza h3 haemagglutinins with implications for vaccination policy. | in order to explore the occurrence of antigenic drift in swine influenza a(h3n2) virus, we examined virus strains from outbreaks of respiratory disease among finishing pigs in the netherlands in 1996 and 1997 and from earlier outbreaks. in contrast to swine h3n2 strains from the 1980s, the recent isolates did not show significant cross-reactivity with human influenza a(h3n2) viruses from 1972-1975 in haemagglutination inhibition tests. these new strains form a separate branch in the phylogenetic ... | 1999 | 10195767 |
| comparative analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of the hemagglutinin and three internal protein genes of influenza b virus: multiple cocirculating lineages and frequent reassortment of the np, m, and ns genes. | phylogenetic profiles of the genes coding for the hemagglutinin (ha) protein, nucleoprotein (np), matrix (m) protein, and nonstructural (ns) proteins of influenza b viruses isolated from 1940 to 1998 were analyzed in a parallel manner in order to understand the evolutionary mechanisms of these viruses. unlike human influenza a (h3n2) viruses, the evolutionary pathways of all four genes of recent influenza b viruses revealed similar patterns of genetic divergence into two major lineages. although ... | 1999 | 10196339 |
| dose dependence of ctl precursor frequency induced by a dna vaccine and correlation with protective immunity against influenza virus challenge. | intramuscular injection of balb/c mice with a dna plasmid encoding nucleoprotein (np) from influenza virus a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) provides cross-strain protection against lethal challenge with influenza virus a/hk/68 (h3n2). ctl specific for the h-2kd-restricted epitope np147-155 are present in these mice and are thought to play a role in the protection. to assess the effectiveness of np dna immunization in comparison with influenza virus infection in the induction of ctl responses, we monitored the f ... | 1999 | 10201942 |
| characterization of high-growth reassortant influenza a viruses generated in mdck cells cultured in serum-free medium. | in the present study reassortant influenza a viruses of both the h1n1 and h3n2 type were generated in madin darby canine kidney cells grown in the absence of fetal bovine serum (mdck-sf1 cells). to this end, mdck-sf1 cells were simultaneously infected with one of the high-growth laboratory strains a/puerto rico/8/34 (h1n1) or a/hong kong/2/68 (h3n2) and recent h3n2 and h1n1 vaccine strains, respectively. reassortant viruses obtained from these mixed infections were genetically characterized by r ... | 1999 | 10217593 |
| influenza vaccination in heart transplant recipients. | seventy-nine heart transplant recipients were vaccinated with a trivalent influenza virus vaccine 1996/97 containing the strains a/singapore/6/86 (h1n1), a/wuhan/395/95 (h3n2), and b/beijing/184/93. the proportions of patients with protective levels of antibody (hi > or = 40) after vaccination ranged from 100% (a/singapore [h1n1]) to 31.6% (b/beijing) and their mean fold titer increases were lower than those recorded for vaccination of 109 healthy subjects with the same batch of vaccine. the vac ... | 1999 | 10328147 |
| effects of egg-adaptation on the receptor-binding properties of human influenza a and b viruses. | propagation of human influenza viruses in embryonated chicken eggs (ce) results in the selection of variants with amino acid substitutions near the receptor-binding site of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. to evaluate the mechanisms by which these substitutions enable human virus growth in ce, we studied the binding of 10 human influenza a (h1n1, h3n2) and b strains, isolated and propagated solely in mdck cells, and of their egg-adapted counterparts to preparations of cellular membranes, ganglio ... | 1999 | 10366560 |
| synthetic sialylphosphatidylethanolamine derivatives bind to human influenza a viruses and inhibit viral infection. | we synthesized the sialylphosphatidylethanolamine (sialyl pe) derivatives neu5ac-pe, (neu5ac)2-pe, neu5ac-pe (amide) and neu5ac-pe (methyl). we examined the anti-viral effects of the derivatives on human influenza a virus infection by elisa/virus-binding, hemagglutination inhibition, hemolysis inhibition and neutralization assays. the sialyl pe derivatives that we examined bound to a/aichi/2/68, a/singapore/1/57 and a/memphis/1/71 strains of h3n2 subtype, but not to a/pr/8/34 strain of h1n1 subt ... | 1998 | 10386895 |
| [influenza in 1997]. | the number of cases of influenza and influenza-like illness registered in poland in 1997 amounted to 1,578,494. this number of cases is 41.8% lower when compared with the previous year 1996. the incidence of influenza amounted to 4,084 per 100,000 inhabitants. the number of influenza cases registered in children aged up to 14 years was 557,033. this is 35.6% of total number of cases. the incidence of influenza in this group amounted to 6,828.7 per 100,000 and was 67% higher than total incidence. ... | 1999 | 10402849 |
| paradoxical response to a novel influenza virus vaccine strain: the effect of prior immunization. | repeated influenza immunization does not appear to adversely affect the serum antibody response to new influenza strains. | 1999 | 10403596 |
| effectiveness of live, attenuated intranasal influenza virus vaccine in healthy, working adults: a randomized controlled trial. | influenza virus is a major cause of illness, disruption to daily life, and increased use of health care in all age groups. | 1999 | 10411194 |
| risk indicators for the seroprevalence of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, porcine influenza viruses and aujeszky's disease virus in slaughter pigs from fattening pig herds. | epidemiological aspects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses, and aujeszky's disease virus (adv) were investigated in slaughter pigs from 50 fattening pig herds. herd factors as potential risk indicators for respiratory disease were obtained by means of a questionnaire. at slaughter, blood samples were collected from each herd, and the proportion of seropositive pigs per herd was assessed for each of these pathogens. the median herd-level seroprevalence of the agents ... | 1999 | 10416368 |
| influenza virus subtype cross-reactivities of haemagglutination inhibiting and virus neutralising serum antibodies induced by infection or vaccination with an iscom-based vaccine. | in order to study the levels of cross-reactivity of the influenza virus-specific antibody response upon infection or vaccination, usually hemagglutination inhibition assays are performed. in the present study post-infection ferret sera and serum samples obtained from cynomolgus macaques which were vaccinated with an iscom preparation based on the influenza virus strain a/netherlands/18/94 (h3n2) were analyzed for cross-reactivity in the hemagglutination inhibition assay and in virus neutralizati ... | 1999 | 10418897 |
| human mannan-binding lectin inhibits the infection of influenza a virus without complement. | mannan-binding lectin (mbl) is a c-type serum lectin that is believed to play an important role in innate immunity. it is one of the collectin family, which is characterized by having a collagen-like sequence and a carbohydrate recognition domain. mbl can bind to sugar determinants of several micro-organisms, neutralize them and inhibit infection by complement activation through the lectin pathway and opsonization by collectin receptors. bovine conglutinin and mouse mbl inhibit the infective and ... | 1999 | 10447758 |
| antigenic drift of influenza a (h3n2) virus in a persistently infected immunocompromised host is similar to that occurring in the community. | 1999 | 10476769 | |
| influenza a virus infection modulates the expression of type iv collagenase in epithelial cells. | we investigated the effect of influenza a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2) virus infection on the expression of type iv collagenase in two different types of epithelial cell. depending on the cell line infected, the viral infection caused changes in the expression of type iv collagenase. the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (mmp-9; 92 kda) but not of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (mmp-2; 72 kda) was stimulated in vero cells. in mdck cells, the mmp-2 production increased with the virus infection. accor ... | 1999 | 10481742 |
| mutation of neuraminidase cysteine residues yields temperature-sensitive influenza viruses. | the influenza virus neuraminidase (na) is a tetrameric, virus surface glycoprotein possessing receptor-destroying activity. this enzyme facilitates viral release and is a target of anti-influenza virus drugs. the na structure has been extensively studied, and the locations of disulfide bonds within the na monomers have been identified. because mutation of cysteine residues in other systems has resulted in temperature-sensitive (ts) proteins, we asked whether mutation of cysteine residues in the ... | 1999 | 10482558 |
| genetic reassortment of avian, swine, and human influenza a viruses in american pigs. | in late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of north carolina, texas, minnesota, and iowa. four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed genetically. genotyping and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two different pathways. the north carolina isolate is the product of genetic reassortment between h3n2 human and classic swine h1n1 influenza viruses, while ... | 1999 | 10482643 |
| [a case of influenza a virus associated encephalopathy with bilateral thalamic hemorrhage]. | a three-year old girl was hospitalized in a semi-conscious state following a febrile convulsion. she did not recover despite treatment and died 16 days after admission. influenza a virus (h3n2) was detected from a throat swab from the patient, and serum hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibodies to the virus elevated from less than 8 to 256. brain ct revealed bilateral thalamic hemorrhage and peripheral low density. subarachnoid hemorrhage was also observed thereafter. based on clinical manifestations ... | 1999 | 10487024 |
| selection of receptor-binding variants of human influenza a and b viruses in baby hamster kidney cells. | cultivation of human influenza viruses in the allantoic cavity of embryonated chicken eggs leads to a selection of receptor-binding variants with amino acid substitutions on the globular head of the hemagglutinin (ha) molecule. such selection can be avoided by growing the human viruses in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells. in the present study, we tested whether baby hamster kidney (bhk) cells select receptor-binding mutants of human influenza viruses. after isolating h1n1, h3n2, and type b ... | 1999 | 10489338 |
| influenza a virus outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit. | nosocomial infections with influenza virus are rarely recognized in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). an outbreak of influenza a virus infection in the nicu of an urban county hospital during the 1997 to 1998 influenza season is reported. | 1999 | 10493343 |
| evaluation of immune responses to inactivated influenza vaccines prepared in embryonated chicken eggs and mdck cells in a mouse model. | this study was initiated with the isolation of influenza a and b viruses from clinical throat swabs in both fertile chicken eggs (egg) and mdck cells, which were used in subsequent vaccine production in the above two hosts. on the basis of haemagglutination-inhibiting (hi) tests, immune mouse sera from mice vaccinated with mdck cell-derived vaccines revealed antigenic similarities among h3n2 or b viruses isolated in mdck cells or eggs. similarly, antiserum prepared by immunization with egg-deriv ... | 1999 | 10494959 |
| generation and characterization of reassortant influenza a viruses propagated in serum-free cultured mdck-sf1 cells. | the replacement of embryonated chicken eggs by tissue culture cells for the production of influenza vaccines is likely to take place in the near future. vaccines have already been produced in madin darby canine kidney (mdck) cells (brands et al, in this issue) and extensively tested in phase iii trials in humans (palache et al, in this issue) and it seems a matter of time before such vaccines will become available. for this reason, the generation of high-growth reassortants of influenza a virus ... | 1999 | 10494961 |
| difficulties in standardizing the neuraminidase content of influenza vaccines. | to achieve better standardization of influenza vaccines, an elisa immunocapture assay was developed for n2 neuraminidase quantification. this sensitive and highly specific assay was successfully applied to vaccine preparations produced in embryonated hens' eggs from 1992 to 1997 and to antigenically related viral suspensions produced in mdck cells. a study of the neuraminidase activity of prototype a/h3n2 strains stored at 4 degrees c showed the gradual development of enzymatic instability from ... | 1999 | 10494973 |
| impact of the introduction of a/sydney/5/97 h3n2 influenza virus into south africa. | in 1998 south africa experienced a major influenza epidemic that was characterized by extensive illness and an unusually early season. the impact of the epidemic was charted by measuring proxy indexes of influenza activity such as school absenteeism and excess mortality in persons older than 65 years. viruses isolated from patients of all age groups were analyzed both antigenically and at the molecular level to determine the characteristics of the influenza strain responsible for the outbreaks. ... | 1999 | 10534742 |
| [influenza season 1998/99; composition of vaccine for 1999/2000]. | the first indication of influenza activity in the netherlands in the 1998/'99 season was the isolation of an influenza b virus in week 47 of 1998. in subsequent weeks influenza activity slowly increased, reaching a peak in week 6 of 1999. after a gradual decline for three weeks a second peak was reached in week 8 of 1999. the first wave of influenza activity was primarily caused by influenza b viruses, whereas during the second wave predominantly influenza a viruses of the a/h3n2 subtype were is ... | 1999 | 10535060 |
| positive selection on the h3 hemagglutinin gene of human influenza virus a. | the hemagglutinin (ha) gene of influenza viruses encodes the major surface antigen against which neutralizing antibodies are produced during infection or vaccination. we examined temporal variation in the ha1 domain of ha genes of human influenza a (h3n2) viruses in order to identify positively selected codons. positive selection is defined for our purposes as a significant excess of nonsilent over silent nucleotide substitutions. if past mutations at positively selected codons conferred a selec ... | 1999 | 10555276 |
| [efficacy of influenza vaccine among geriatric inpatients: effect of previous vaccination and antibody induction by single and twice injections]. | to investigate the effect of previous influenza vaccination and the difference in antibody induction by single and twice injection of influenza vaccine in the elderly, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) antibody titers of the three types of influenza viruses were measured. influenza vaccination was done for 217 inpatients. for the patients who had influenza vaccination in the year prior to the study, influenza vaccine was administered once to 77 patients and twice to another 70 patients. influenza ... | 1999 | 10565120 |
| the impact of winter epidemics of influenza and respiratory syncytial virus on paediatric admissions to an urban general hospital. | to demonstrate the impact of influenza epidemics on pediatric hospital admissions, admissions that were attributable to influenza and respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) infection to the pediatric ward of an urban general hospital in japan were followed-up during a 4-month period from december to march 1991 through 1998. during the 1997-1998 influenza type a (h3n2) epidemic, a diagnosis of influenza type a (h3n2) was made in 26.3% of all patients admitted aged 15 years or lower. during the peak of ... | 2000 | 10568771 |
| evaluation of trivalent, live, cold-adapted (caiv-t) and inactivated (tiv) influenza vaccines in prevention of virus infection and illness following challenge of adults with wild-type influenza a (h1n1), a (h3n2), and b viruses. | trivalent, live, cold-adapted influenza vaccine (caiv-t) is highly effective in the prevention of influenza in children, and a variety of monovalent and bivalent cold-adapted influenza vaccines have been efficacious in adults. in order to determine the efficacy of caiv-t in healthy adults, we administered caiv-t, trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (tiv) or placebo to 103 adults in randomized double-blind fashion, and then challenged those subjects who had pre-screening serum hemagglutinatio ... | 1999 | 10580204 |
| influenza activity--united states, 1999-2000 season. | influenza activity was low during october 3-november 6, 1999; influenza virus isolates were reported from 30 states, and four long-term-care facility outbreaks were reported from three states. the predominant viruses isolated were influenza type a(h3n2) viruses. this report summarizes influenza activity in the united states during october 3-november 6, 1999. it also summarizes u.s. influenza surveillance methodology, including the four primary sources of surveillance data, a modification to pneu ... | 1999 | 10599589 |
| [evaluation of a rapid enzyme immunoassay for detection of influenza a virus among adult and elderly patients]. | directigen flu a, an enzyme immunoassay membrane test for the detection of influenza a virus, was compared with serum hemagglutinine inhibition assay in adult and elderly patients. throat specimens were collected by vigorous swabbing from febrile patients who were suspect for influenza by clinical symptoms and tested with directigen flu a. serum samples were collected from the patients at onset of illness and two to eleven weeks later and tested for antibody titer to influenza a/h1n1, a/h3n2, an ... | 1999 | 10624096 |
| hepatic decompensation in patients with cirrhosis during infection with influenza a. | patients with chronic liver disease can develop hepatic decompensation during systemic infections. although gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria are well recognized as causes of decompensation, the effect of influenza virus infection on patients with chronic liver disease is poorly documented. | 2000 | 10632312 |
| h3n2 influenza a virus recovered from a neonatal pig in ontario--1997. | 1999 | 10646069 | |
| genotypic stability of cold-adapted influenza virus vaccine in an efficacy clinical trial. | an investigational live influenza virus vaccine, flumist, contains three cold-adapted h1n1, h3n2, and b influenza viruses. the vaccine viruses are 6/2 reassortants, in which the hemagglutinin (ha) and neuraminidase (na) genes are derived from the circulating wild-type viruses and the remaining six genes are derived from the cold-adapted master donor strains. the six genes from the cold-adapted master donor strains ensure the attenuation, and the ha and na genes from the wild-type viruses confer ... | 2000 | 10655394 |
| efficacy of vaccination with live attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine against a variant (a/sydney) not contained in the vaccine. | to determine the safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy of revaccination of children with live attenuated influenza vaccine. | 2000 | 10657821 |
| effective construction of dna vaccines against variable influenza genes by homologous recombination. | we demonstrate the potential of cloning by homologous recombination as a rapid method to construct dna molecules encoding newly developing hemagglutinins (ha) of influenza a virus. the variable parts of the ha genes were cloned into a basic construct containing the ha gene from an h3n2 strain. the recombinant dnas thus created encode different variable domains with neutralising epitopes from four recently circulating influenza a h3 strains. the technology allows rapid production of dna construct ... | 2000 | 10704333 |
| inactivation of human type a and b influenza viruses by tea-seed saponins. | the effects of a mixture of tea-seed saponins obtained from the seeds of camellia sinensis var. sinesis on human influenza viruses types a and b were investigated. at the concentrations of 60, 80, and 100 micrograms/ml, respectively, the mixture inactivated viruses a/memphis/1/71 (h3n2), b/lee/40, and a/pr/8/34 (h1n1) almost completely. the mixture also inactivated type a virus a/pr/8/34 after inoculation at concentrations of 1-30 micrograms/ml dose-dependently. | 2000 | 10705466 |
| correlates of immune protection induced by live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent, intranasal influenza virus vaccine. | the authors conducted a 2-year, multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled efficacy field trial of live, attenuated, cold-adapted, trivalent influenza vaccine administered by nasal spray to children 15-71 months old. overall, vaccine was 92% efficacious at preventing culture-confirmed infection by influenza a/h3n2 and influenza b. because influenza a/h1n1 did not cause disease during the years in which this study was conducted, the authors sought to determine vaccine efficacy and correlates o ... | 2000 | 10720541 |
| a previously unrecognized h-2d(b)-restricted peptide prominent in the primary influenza a virus-specific cd8(+) t-cell response is much less apparent following secondary challenge. | respiratory challenge of h-2(b) mice with an h3n2 influenza a virus causes an acute, transient pneumonitis characterized by the massive infiltration of cd8(+) t lymphocytes. the inflammatory process monitored by quantitative analysis of lymphocyte populations recovered by bronchoalveolar lavage is greatly enhanced by prior exposure to an h1n1 virus, with the recall of cross-reactive cd8(+)-t-cell memory leading to more rapid clearance of the infection from the lungs. the predominant epitope reco ... | 2000 | 10729122 |
| influenza a virus-binding activity of glycoglycerolipids of aquatic bacteria. | as the aqueous sphere has been proposed to be an important source medium for the virus infection of land animals, the glycolipids of some aquatic organisms were examined for human influenza a virus-binding activity. active compounds were not found among the eight echinoderm gangliosides, but two active non-sialylated glycoglycerolipids were isolated from an aquatic bacterium, corynebacterium aquaticum. the structural formula of one of them, h632a, was elucidated to be 1-14-methyl-hexadecanoyl-3- ... | 2000 | 10731684 |
| mismatch between the 1997/1998 influenza vaccine and the major epidemic a(h3n2) virus strain as the cause of an inadequate vaccine-induced antibody response to this strain in the elderly. | the success of influenza vaccination depends largely on the antigenic match between the influenza vaccine strains and the virus strains actually circulating during the season. in the past, this match has proved to be satisfactory in most seasons. in the 1997/1998 season, however, hemagglutination inhibition (hi) assays with ferret antisera indicated a considerable mismatch between the h3n2 vaccine component and the most prevalent epidemic influenza a(h3n2) virus. the results from antigenic analy ... | 2000 | 10745239 |
| local and systemic immune response in community-dwelling elderly after intranasal or intramuscular immunization with inactivated influenza vaccine. | intramuscular (im) influenza vaccines are about 50% effective in preventing clinical illness among the elderly and their effectiveness in eliciting mucosal response may be even lower. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunological effect of a novel inactivated intranasal (in) trivalent whole influenza virus vaccine among community-dwelling elderly. sixty-one subjects were vaccinated with two doses of an in vaccine and a control group of 31 subjects was vaccinated with a commercia ... | 2000 | 10745240 |
| application of a fluorogenic pcr assay for typing and subtyping of influenza viruses in respiratory samples. | a fluorogenic pcr-based method (taqman-pcr) was developed for typing and subtyping of influenza virus genomes in clinical specimens. the taqman-pcr employs a probe technology that exploits the endogenous 5'-3' nuclease activity of the taq dna polymerase to allow direct detection of the amplicon by release of a fluorescent reporter during the pcr. therefore, post-pcr analysis is avoided since hybridization with the fluorogenic probe and quantification of the amplified product is performed simulta ... | 2000 | 10747142 |
| the role of alpha/beta and gamma interferons in development of immunity to influenza a virus in mice. | during influenza virus infection innate and adaptive immune defenses are activated to eliminate the virus and thereby bring about recovery from illness. both arms of the adaptive immune system, antibody neutralization of free virus and termination of intracellular virus replication by antiviral cytotoxic t cells (ctls), play pivotal roles in virus elimination and protection from disease. innate cytokine responses, such as alpha/beta interferon (ifn-alpha/beta) or ifn-gamma, can have roles in det ... | 2000 | 10756011 |
| [in vitro proliferative activity of lymphocytes from elderly persons after separate and combined immunization with live and inactivated flu vaccines]. | cellular (lymphocyte proliferation activity--lpa), humoral (serum antibodies), and secretory (iga antibodies from the upper respiratory tract) immune responses were compared in 45 subjects aged 66-95 years, vaccinated with two influenza trivalent a(h1n1) + a(h3n2) + b vaccines: russian live attenuated cold-adapted reassortant (liv) and usa inactivated split-virus (iiv) vaccines. none of immunization protocols suppressed lpa after in vitro stimulation of cell culture with homologous virus antigen ... | 2000 | 10765550 |
| global epidemiology of influenza: past and present. | pandemics are the most dramatic presentation of influenza. three have occurred in the twentieth century: the 1918 h1n1 pandemic, the 1957 h2n2 pandemic, and the 1968 h3n2 pandemic. the tools of molecular epidemiology have been applied in an attempt to determine the origin of pandemic viruses and to understand what made them such successful pathogens. an excellent example of this avenue of research is the recent phylogenetic analysis of genes of the virus that caused the devastating 1918 pandemic ... | 2000 | 10774473 |
| involvement of the mannose receptor in infection of macrophages by influenza virus. | influenza viruses a/pr/8/34 (pr8; h1n1), a/aichi/68 x-31 (hkx31; h3n2), and a/beijing/89 x-109 (bjx109; h3n2) show marked differences in their ability to infect murine macrophages, including resident alveolar and peritoneal macrophages as well as the macrophage-derived cell line j774. the hierarchy in infectivity of the viruses (pr8 < hkx31 < bjx109) resembles that of their reactivity with mannose-binding lectins of the collectin family. since the macrophage mannose receptor recognizes the same ... | 2000 | 10799594 |
| the epidemiology and evolution of influenza viruses in pigs. | pigs serve as major reservoirs of h1n1 and h3n2 influenza viruses which are endemic in pig populations world-wide and are responsible for one of the most prevalent respiratory diseases in pigs. the maintenance of these viruses in pigs and the frequent exchange of viruses between pigs and other species is facilitated directly by swine husbandry practices, which provide for a continual supply of susceptible pigs and regular contact with other species, particularly humans. the pig has been a conten ... | 2000 | 10799776 |
| emergence of h3n2 reassortant influenza a viruses in north american pigs. | in late summer through early winter of 1998, there were several outbreaks of respiratory disease in the swine herds of north carolina, texas, minnesota and iowa. four viral isolates from outbreaks in different states were analyzed, both antigenically and genetically. all of the isolates were identified as h3n2 influenza viruses with antigenic profiles similar to those of recent human h3 strains. genotyping and phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the four swine viruses had emerged through two ... | 2000 | 10799777 |
| epidemiology of influenza-associated encephalitis-encephalopathy in hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. | it is well known that acute onset brain dysfunction, which usually is diagnosed as encephalitis or encephalopathy, occurs in association with influenza. however, this may have been underestimated as a rather infrequent event. sixty-four infants and children developed encephalitis-encephalopathy during the five recent influenza seasons in hokkaido, the northernmost island of japan. | 2000 | 10804741 |
| influenza virus-induced encephalopathy: clinicopathologic study of an autopsied case. | rapid progressive encephalopathy with a high fever, consciousness loss and recurrent convulsions has been occasionally reported in children during influenza pandemics in japan since 1995. we examined a 2-year old girl with hemorrhagic shock and encephalopathy syndrome associated with acute influenza a virus infection (a/nagasaki/76/98; h3n2), to answer several questions for which no histologic or virologic data exist. | 2000 | 10804743 |
| influenza-associated encephalopathy in japan: pathogenesis and treatment. | it is estimated that more than 100 children die of influenza-associated encephalopathy (influenza encephalopathy) every year in japan. influenza encephalopathy is distinct from reye's syndrome. specifically, 20% of influenza encephalopathy patients exhibit bilateral thalamic necrosis on neuroimaging, a lesion referred to as acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ane). influenza encephalopathy may develop by the same pathogenetic mechanisms as ane, possibly via vasoactive substances or a process leadi ... | 2000 | 10804744 |
| population estimates of persons presenting to general practitioners with influenza-like illness, 1987-96: a study of the demography of influenza-like illness in sentinel practice networks in england and wales, and in the netherlands. | incidence data by age of new episodes of influenza-like illness reported by sentinel general practice networks in england and wales and in the netherlands over a 10-year period were examined to provide estimates of the consulting population during influenza epidemic periods. baseline levels of recording in each age group were calculated from weeks in which influenza viruses were not circulating and the excess over baseline calculated to provide the population estimates during influenza epidemics ... | 2000 | 10813150 |
| surveillance for influenza--united states, 1994-95, 1995-96, and 1996-97 seasons. | influenza epidemics occur nearly every year during the winter months and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality in the united states, including an average of approximately 114,000 hospitalizations and 20,000 deaths per year. | 2000 | 10817484 |
| a longitudinal study of serological patterns of respiratory infections in nine infected danish swine herds. | sixteen litters of seven pigs from each of nine danish farrow-to-finish herds were followed to investigate the serological patterns caused by natural infection with mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pasteurella multocida toxin and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotypes 2, 5-7, 12. in seven of the herds, pigs were followed as two separate cohorts started 4 weeks apart, and in two herds only one cohort was followed.a total of 999 pigs were included in the study. the pigs were blood sampled at weaning a ... | 2000 | 10821962 |
| genetic characterization of an h1n2 influenza virus isolated from a pig in indiana. | an h1n2 influenza virus was isolated from a pig during an outbreak of respiratory disease and abortion on an indiana farm in november 1999. results of phylogenetic analyses indicate that this virus is a reassortant between a recent classical h1 swine virus and the reassortant h3n2 viruses that have emerged among american pigs since 1998. | 2000 | 10835031 |
| efficacy of influenza vaccine in the elderly in welfare nursing homes: reduction in risks of mortality and morbidity during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic. | the effect of influenza vaccination on the occurrence and severity of influenza virus infection in a population residing in nursing homes for the elderly was studied during an influenza a (h3n2) epidemic in japan. of 22,462 individuals living in 301 welfare nursing homes, 10,739 received either one dose (2027 subjects) or two doses (8712 subjects) of inactivated, subunit trivalent influenza vaccine. during the period nov. 1998 to march 1999, there were 950 cases of influenza infection diagnosed ... | 2000 | 10847209 |
| [the etiological structure of the morbidity from influenza and other ards on the territory of russia in the season of 1997-1998]. | the antigenic properties of 51 strains of influenza virus a(h1n1), isolated in different cities of russia during the epidemic of 1998, were studied. most of these strains (49) proved to be similar to virus a/bern/07/95 in the antigenic structure of hemagglutinin, but 2 strains isolated in ulan-ude were found to be closely related to new antigenic variants of this virus: a/beijing/262/95 and a/fukuoka/c7/98. the analysis of the antigenic structure of influenza-like diseases (ild) in different cit ... | 1999 | 10852031 |
| effects of passage history and sampling bias on phylogenetic reconstruction of human influenza a evolution. | in this paper we determine the extent to which host-mediated mutations and a known sampling bias affect evolutionary studies of human influenza a. previous phylogenetic reconstruction of influenza a (h3n2) evolution using the hemagglutinin gene revealed an excess of nonsilent substitutions assigned to the terminal branches of the tree. we investigate two hypotheses to explain this observation. the first hypothesis is that the excess reflects mutations that were either not present or were at low ... | 2000 | 10860959 |
| herd factors associated with the seroprevalences of four major respiratory pathogens in slaughter pigs from farrow-to-finish pig herds. | the objective of this study was to investigate sero-epidemiological aspects of mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (mh), influenza h1n1 and h3n2 viruses and aujeszky disease virus (adv) in fattening pigs from 150 randomly selected farrow-to-finish pig herds. different herd factors were examined as potential risk indicators for the percentage of pigs with antibodies against the 4 pathogens. the median within-herd seroprevalences of the pathogens were: mh 76%, h1n1 100%, h3n2 40% and adv 53%. there was a pos ... | 2000 | 10863948 |
| expression of eotaxin by normal airway epithelial cells after influenza virus a infection. | viral infection is known to cause lung inflammatory disease, including bronchial asthma. the mechanisms of inflammatory cell accumulation into the airways after viral infection are not well understood. eotaxin is a cc chemokine which is a potent and specific agonist for cc chemokine receptor 3 (ccr3). ccr3 is expressed on eosinophils, basophils and t lymphocytes. these cells are known to be key cells in the pathogenesis of asthma. although it has recently been demonstrated that airway epithelial ... | 2000 | 10867508 |
| [variability of hemagglutinin from strains of influenza virus a (h3n2), isolated in russian from 1989 to 1999]. | analysis of 154 strains isolated in russia and cis countries in 1989-1999 showed that influenza virus a(h3n2) caused epidemics and epidemic rises 8 times, circulating together with a(h1n1) and b viruses. antigenic drift was revealed using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. analysis of antigenic properties of the viruses in the population showed that strains isolated during the same year were usually variants of one or rarely two reference strains. a drop of isolation rate of a(h3n2) strains o ... | 2000 | 10867992 |
| cross-protection against a lethal influenza virus infection by dna vaccine to neuraminidase. | cross-protection against a lethal influenza virus infection was examined in balb/c mice immunized with plasmid dnas encoding the neuraminidase (na) from different subtype a viruses. each na-dna was administered twice, 3 weeks apart, at the dose of 1 microg per mouse by particle-mediated dna transfer to the epidermis (gene gun) or at a dose of 30 microg per mouse by electroporation into the muscle. three weeks after the second vaccination, the mice were challenged with lethal doses of homologous ... | 2000 | 10869766 |
| a simple restriction fragment length polymorphism-based strategy that can distinguish the internal genes of human h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1 influenza a viruses. | a simple molecular technique for rapid genotyping was developed to monitor the internal gene composition of currently circulating influenza a viruses. sequence information from recent h1n1, h3n2, and h5n1 human virus isolates was used to identify conserved regions within each internal gene, and gene-specific pcr primers capable of amplifying all three virus subtypes were designed. subtyping was based on subtype-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) patterns within the amplifie ... | 2000 | 10878047 |
| [seroepidemiological survey for influenza virus in belém, pará, brazil, 1992-1993] | a seroepidemiological study was carried out from 1992 to 1993 to estimate the prevalence of antibody to prevailing influenza virus strains circulating among patients attending the iec virology laboratory in belem, northern brazil. a total of 179 (11%) of serum samples were obtained during the post-epidemic period and processed by the hemagglutination inhibition test against the a/taiwan/1/86 (h1n1), a/beijing/353/89 (h3n2), and b/yamagata/16/88 types of influenza virus. the serological results i ... | 1997 | 10886836 |
| [diagnosis of an acute respiratory infection outbreak in children under 3 years of age in santiago de cuba]. | in november, 1996, there was an outbreak of acute respiratory infection in children under 3 in the province of santiago de cuba. 7 samples of nasopharyngeal exudates were received to determine the causal agent of the outbreak by indirect immunofluorescence technique (4 positive samples, 57.14%). they were inoculated in mdck cells culture and those cases that presented positive hemadsorption (6 isolates, 85.71%) were analyzed by indirect immunofluorescence techniques (6 positive samples, 100%) an ... | 1999 | 10887559 |
| antigenic drift in the influenza a virus (h3n2) nucleoprotein and escape from recognition by cytotoxic t lymphocytes. | viruses exploit different strategies to escape immune surveillance, including the introduction of mutations in cytotoxic t-lymphocyte (ctl) epitopes. the sequence of these epitopes is critical for their binding to major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class i molecules and recognition by specific ctls, both of which interactions may be lost by mutation. sequence analysis of the nucleoprotein gene of influenza a viruses (h3n2) isolated in the netherlands from 1989 to 1999 revealed two independen ... | 2000 | 10888619 |
| systemic and mucosal isotype-specific antibody responses in pigs to experimental influenza virus infection. | the immunoglobulin isotype-specific responses in serum and at the respiratory mucosa of pigs after a primary infection with influenza virus were studied. to do this, we developed an aerosol challenge model for influenza in specified pathogen-free (spf) pigs and isotype-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas). ten-week-old pigs were inoculated without anesthesia in the nostrils with an aerosol of the field isolate influenza a/swine/neth/st. oedenrode/96 (h3n2). the infection caused a ... | 2000 | 10893003 |
| influenza virus infection of desialylated cells. | sialic acid has long been considered to be the sole receptor for influenza virus. the viral hemagglutinin (ha) is known to bind cell surface sialic acid, and sialic acids on viral glyco-proteins are cleaved by the viral neuraminidase (na) to promote efficient release of progeny virus particles. however, nws-mvi, a mutant virus completely lacking na, grows well in mdck cells continuously treated with exogenous neuraminidase (sialidase). exogenous sialidase quantitatively releases all sialic acids ... | 2000 | 10910970 |
| [use of sentinel reporting clinics for influenza surveillance in the winter of 1996-1997]. | in a joint effort of the israel center for disease control, the national center for influenza in the central virology laboratory, together with a group of collaborating pediatricians and family physicians, a network for influenza surveillance was established in the winter of 1996-97. nose and throat swabs were obtained from 571 patients with flu-like illness. 133 (23%) were positive for influenza virus. both influenza a(h3n2) and b were isolated, predominantly influenza b during the beginning of ... | 1999 | 10914192 |