Publications

host-derived signals activate plant innate immunity.	oligogalacturonides (ogs) are endogenous elicitors of defense responses released after partial degradation of pectin in the plant cell wall. despite ogs cannot be considered true pathogen-associated molecular patterns, such as flg22, they can be considered host-associated molecular patterns that are generated by the host cell during the infection process, and that stimulate the plant innate immune system. we have previously shown that, in arabidopsis, ogs increase resistance to botrytis cinerea ...	2009	19704701
the cuticle: not only a barrier for plant defence: a novel defence syndrome in plants with cuticular defects.	the cuticle is a physical barrier that prevents water loss and protects against irradiation, xenobiotics and pathogens. this classic textbook statement has recently been revisited and several observations were made showing that this dogma falls short of being universally true. both transgenic arabidopsis thaliana lines expressing cell wall-targeted fungal cutinase (so-called cute plants) or lipase as well as several a. thaliana mutants with altered cuticular structure remained free of symptoms a ...	2008	19704737
ethylene biosynthesis in botrytis cinerea.	ethylene is often released during plant pathogenesis. enhanced ethylene biosynthesis by the attacked plant, and formation of ethylene by the attacking pathogen may be involved. we defined the biosynthetic pathway of ethylene in the pathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea, and characterized the conditions that affect ethylene production in vitro. during the first 48 h of culture the fungus uses methionine to produce alpha-keto gamma-methylthiobutyric acid (kmba) and secretes it to the medium. in darkn ...	2002	19709221
synthesis and antifungal activity of beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone derivatives.	ten beta-trifluoroalkyl aminovinyl ketone derivatives were synthesized, and their inhibitory effects on several phytopathogenic fungi, an oomycete and plants were assessed. the various compounds were fungitoxic at the 10-100 microm range, with (z)-3-amino-4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(4-chlorophenyl)but-2-en-1-one exhibiting the highest inhibitory effect on most of the test pathogens. alternaria alternata and neurospora crassa were the most tolerant and sensitive fungi to the compounds, respectively. we pr ...	2009	19711891
effect of mixed antimicrobial agents and flavors in active packaging films.	active packaging is an emerging food technology to improve the quality and safety of food products. many works have been developed to study the antimicrobial activity of essential oils. essential oils have been traditionally used as flavorings in food, so they have an important odor impact but they have as well antimicrobial properties that could be used to protect the food. recent developments in antimicrobial active packaging showed the efficiency of essential oils versus bread and bakery prod ...	2009	19711918
biocontrol agents efficiently inhibit sporulation of botrytis aclada on necrotic leaf tips but spread to adjacent living tissue is not prevented.	ulocladium atrum (isolates 385 and 302) consistently inhibited botrytis aclada sporulation on dead onion leaf pieces under constant moist conditions and with an interrupted wetness period of 9 h. clonostachys rosea (isolate 201) was as effective as u. atrum under constant moist conditions, but was ineffective if exposed to a drying period. no sporulation of b. aclada was observed 8 and 12 days after inoculation in the presence of u. atrum 302. c. rosea 201 significantly reduced b. aclada sporula ...	2004	19712318
differential regulation by ambient ph of putative virulence factor secretion by the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea.	abstract the fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea is capable of developing on a wide variety of host plants that differ greatly in their ph values and biochemical defences. to evaluate whether the ph of the host tissue can regulate the production of pathogenicity factors by this fungus, we examined the ability of two isolates of b. cinerea that originated from different plant species to secrete putative virulence elements on synthetic media buffered at ph 2.0 to ph 7.0. even though differing in the ...	2003	19719667
effects of ozone treatment on botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum in relation to horticultural product quality.	botrytis cinerea and sclerotinia sclerotiorum are fungal pathogens that cause the decay of many fruits and vegetables. ozone may be used as an antimicrobial agent to control the decay. the effect of gaseous ozone on spore viability of b. cinerea and mycelial growth of b. cinerea and s. sclerotiorum were investigated. spore viability of b. cinerea was reduced by over 99.5% (p < 0.01) and height of the aerial mycelium was reduced from 4.7 mm in the control to less than 1 mm after exposure to 450 o ...	2009	19723209
the arabidopsis ataf1, a nac transcription factor, is a negative regulator of defense responses against necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens.	transcription factors of the nac family are known to be involved in various growth or developmental processes and in regulation of response to environmental stresses. in the present study, we report that arabidopsis ataf1 is a negative regulator of defense responses against both necrotrophic fungal and bacterial pathogens. expression of ataf1 was downregulated after infection with botrytis cinerea or pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato or after treatment with salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid, and ...	2009	19737096
dual function of arabidopsis ataf1 in abiotic and biotic stress responses.	nac family genes encode plant-specific transcription factors involved in diverse biological processes. in this study, the arabidopsis nac gene ataf1 was found to be induced by drought, high-salinity, abscisic acid (aba), methyl jasmonate, mechanical wounding, and botrytis cinerea infection. significant induction of ataf1 was found in an aba-deficient mutant aba2 subjected to drought or high salinity, revealing an aba-independent mechanism of expression. arabidopsis ataf1-overexpression lines dis ...	2009	19752887
ectopic expression of mgsm1, a cerato-platanin family protein from magnaporthe grisea, confers broad-spectrum disease resistance in arabidopsis.	proteins belonging to the newly identified cerato-platanin (cp) family have been shown to have elicitor activity in inducing disease resistance responses in various plants. in this study, we characterized a gene, mgsm1, from magnaporthe grisea, encoding a putative small protein belonging to the cp family. mgsm1 was constitutively expressed not only in different fungal growth stages but also during its infection process in rice plants. agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of mgsm1 in arabi ...	2009	19754836
pr-1, a novel antifungal protein from pumpkin rinds.	a novel antifungal protein, m(r) = ca. 40 kda, was isolated from pumpkin rind and designated pr-1. when purified by anion exchange chromatography and hplc, it inhibited growth of several fungi including botrytis cinerea, fusarium oxysporum, fusarium solani and rhizoctonia solani, as well as the yeast, candida albicans, at 10-20 microm. it did not inhibit growth of escherichia coli or staphylococcus aureus even at 200 microm. laser scanning microscopy of fungal cells exposed to rhodamine-labeled ...	2010	19760117
characterization of an antifungal and cryoprotective class i chitinase from table grape berries (vitis vinifera cv. cardinal).	gene expression of a class i chitinase (vcchit1b) in the skin of table grapes was analyzed as a molecular marker for changes induced at low temperature and also to study the effect of high co(2) levels modulating transcript levels at 0 degrees c. an active recombinant vcchit1b was overexpressed in escherichia coli, and as the protein was produced as insoluble inclusion bodies, it was solubilized and refolded. the purified recombinant chitinase showed an optimum ph of 6.0 and a temperature of 50 ...	2009	19769368
the potato developer (d) locus encodes an r2r3 myb transcription factor that regulates expression of multiple anthocyanin structural genes in tuber skin.	a dominant allele at the d locus (also known as i in diploid potato) is required for the synthesis of red and purple anthocyanin pigments in tuber skin. it has previously been reported that d maps to a region of chromosome 10 that harbors one or more homologs of petunia an2, an r2r3 myb transcription factor that coordinately regulates the expression of multiple anthocyanin biosynthetic genes in the floral limb. to test whether d acts similarly in tuber skin, rt-pcr was used to evaluate the expre ...	2009	19779693
characterization of the cell wall of the ubiquitous plant pathogen botrytis cinerea.	the ascomycete botrytis cinerea is a destructive and ubiquitous plant pathogen and represents a model organism for the study of necrotrophic fungal pathogens. higher fungi possess a complex and dynamic multilayer cell wall involved in crucial aspects of fungal development, growth and pathogenicity. plant resistance to microbial pathogens is determined often by the capacity of the plant to recognize molecular patterns associated with the surface of an interacting microbe. here we report the chemi ...	2009	19781643
xanthepinone, an antimicrobial polyketide from a soil fungus closely related to phoma medicaginis.	the isolation, biological characterization, and structure elucidation of xanthepinone, a novel antifungal metabolite isolated from the broth of submerged cultures of a soil fungus, are described. xanthepinone inhibits the conidial germination of magnaporthe grisea (2 microg/ml), phytophthora infestans (5 microg/ml), and botrytis cinerea (10 microg/ml) while showing only weak antibacterial activity; cytotoxicity was not observed up to 50 microg/ml. molecular taxonomy revealed that the producing s ...	2009	19795903
release of lipoxygenase products and monoterpenes by tomato plants as an indicator of botrytis cinerea-induced stress.	changes in emission of volatile organic compounds (vocs) from tomato induced by the fungus botrytis cinerea were studied in plants inoculated by spraying with suspensions containing b. cinerea spores. voc emissions were analysed using on-line gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, with a time resolution of about 1 h, for up to 2 days after spraying. four phases were delimited according to the starting point and the applied day/night rhythm of the experiments. these phases were used to demonstrate ...	2009	19796363
the nature of tobacco resistance against botrytis cinerea depends on the infection structures of the pathogen.	to protect themselves, plants have evolved an armoury of defences in response to pathogens and other stress situations. these include the production of pathogenesis-related (pr) proteins and the accumulation of antimicrobial molecules such as phytoalexins. here we report that resistance of tobacco to botrytis cinerea is cultivar specific. nicotiana tabacum cv. petit havana but not n. tabacum cv. xanthi or cv. samsun is resistant to b. cinerea. this resistance is correlated with the accumulation ...	2010	19799622
antifungal mechanism of a novel antifungal protein from pumpkin rinds against various fungal pathogens.	a novel antifungal protein (pr-2) was identified from pumpkin rinds using water-soluble extraction, ultrafiltration, cation exchange chromatography, and reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry indicated that the protein had a molecular mass of 14865.57 da. automated edman degradation showed that the n-terminal sequence of pr-2 was qgigvgdndgkrgkr-. the pr-2 protein strongly inhibited in vitro growth of bot ...	2009	19807165
hexanoic acid-induced resistance against botrytis cinerea in tomato plants.	we have demonstrated that root treatment with hexanoic acid protects tomato plants against botrytis cinerea. hexanoic acid-induced resistance (hx-ir) was blocked in the jasmonic acid (ja)-insensitive mutant jai1 (a coi1 homolog) and in the abscisic acid (aba)-deficient mutant flacca (flc). upon infection, the loxd gene as well as the oxylipin 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid and the bioactive molecule ja-ile were clearly induced in treated plants. however, the basal aba levels were not altered. hexanoic ...	2009	19810814
pseudomonas spp.-induced systemic resistance to botrytis cinerea is associated with induction and priming of defence responses in grapevine.	non-pathogenic rhizobacteria pseudomonas spp. can reduce disease in plant tissues through induction of a defence state known as induced systemic resistance (isr). this resistance is based on multiple bacterial determinants, but nothing is known about the mechanisms underlying rhizobacteria-induced resistance in grapevine. in this study, the ability of pseudomonas fluorescens cha0 and pseudomonas aeruginosa 7nsk2 to induce resistance in grapevine against botrytis cinerea is demonstrated. both str ...	2010	19812243
development of a taqman real-time pcr assay for quantification of airborne conidia of botrytis squamosa and management of botrytis leaf blight of onion.	the use of a dna-based method for quantifying airborne inoculum of botrytis squamosa, a damaging pathogen of onion, was investigated. a method for purifying dna from conidia collected using rotating-arm samplers and quantifying it using a taqman real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) assay is described. the sensitivity of the qpcr assay was high, with a detection limit of 2 conidia/rod. a linear relationship between numbers of conidia counted with a compound microscope and those ...	2009	19821731
repression of the auxin response pathway increases arabidopsis susceptibility to necrotrophic fungi.	in plants, resistance to necrotrophic pathogens depends on the interplay between different hormone systems, such as those regulated by salicylic acid (sa), jasmonic acid (ja), ethylene, and abscisic acid. repression of auxin signaling by the sa pathway was recently shown to contribute to antibacterial resistance. here, we demonstrate that arabidopsis auxin signaling mutants axr1, axr2, and axr6 that have defects in the auxin-stimulated scf (skp1-cullin-f-box) ubiquitination pathway exhibit incre ...	2008	19825556
conserved functions of arabidopsis and rice cc-type glutaredoxins in flower development and pathogen response.	glutaredoxins (grxs) are ubiquitous oxidoreductases that play a crucial role in response to oxidative stress by reducing disulfides in various organisms. in planta, three different grx classes have been identified according to their active site motifs. cpyc and cgfs classes are found in all organisms, whereas the cc-type class is specific for higher land plants. recently, two arabidopsis cc-type grxs, roxy1 and roxy2, were shown to exert crucial functions in petal and anther initiation and diffe ...	2009	19825617
arabidopsis extra large g-protein 2 (xlg2) interacts with the gbeta subunit of heterotrimeric g protein and functions in disease resistance.	heterotrimeric gtp-binding proteins, which consist of galpha, gbeta, and ggamma subunits, play important roles in transducing extracellular signals perceived by cell surface receptors into intracellular physiological responses. in addition to a single prototypical galpha protein (gpa1), arabidopsis has three unique galpha-like proteins, known as xlg1, xlg2, and xlg3, that have been found to be localized in nuclei, although their functions and mode of action remain largely unknown. through a tran ...	2009	19825634
arabidopsis thaliana class-ii tga transcription factors are essential activators of jasmonic acid/ethylene-induced defense responses.	the three closely related arabidopsis basic leucine zipper (bzip) transcription factors tga2, tga5 and tga6 are required for the establishment of the salicylic acid (sa)-dependent plant defense response systemic acquired resistance, which is effective against biotrophic pathogens. here we show that the same transcription factors are essential for the activation of jasmonic acid (ja)- and ethylene (et)-dependent defense mechanisms that counteract necrotrophic pathogens: the tga256 triple mutant i ...	2010	19832945
do pathogen-specific defense mechanisms contribute to wound-induced resistance in tomato?	a network of shared intermediates/components and/or common molecular outputs in biotic and abiotic stress signaling has long been known, but the possibility of effective influence between differently triggered stresses (co-protection) is less studied. recent observations show that wounding induces transient protection in tomato (solanum lycopersicum l.) to four pathogens with a range of lifestyles, locally and systemically. the contribution of ethylene (et) in basal but also in wound-induced res ...	2008	19841665
a facile synthesis and biological activity of novel tetrahydrobenzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':5,6]pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones.	the synthesis and biological activity of 2-substituted-8,9,10,11-tetrahydrobenzo[4',5']thieno[3',2':5,6] pyrido[4,3-d]pyrimidin-4(3h)-ones are described. bioassay results indicated that these compounds have antifungal activity against botrytis cinerea at a concentration of 50mg/l. in addition, compounds 5m and 5n were effective to both kb cells and their parent multidrug resistant kbv200 cells with the overexpression of abcb1. for example, compound 5m showed the best inhibition against kb and kb ...	2009	19846302
amino acid changes during sunflower infection by the necrotrophic fungus b. cinerea.	metabolic changes that occur in host tissues during a necrotrophic plant/fungal interaction have been poorly investigated. whereas carbon metabolism reprogramming and photosynthesis disturbances have been studied, data on plant amino acids stores during infection are scarce. here we report an analysis of sunflower cotyledon amino acid content during infection with the necrotrophic fungus botrytis cinerea, by using (13)c-nmr spectroscopy. a rapid disappearance of plant amino acids was observed, m ...	2009	19847103
induced plant volatiles allow sensitive monitoring of plant health status in greenhouses.	a novel approach to support the inspection of greenhouse crops is based on the measurement of volatile organic compounds emitted by unhealthy plants. this approach has attracted some serious interest over the last decade. in pursuit of this interest, we performed several experiments at the laboratory-scale to pinpoint marker volatiles that can be used to indicate certain health problems. in addition to these laboratory experiments, pilot and model studies were performed in order to verify the va ...	2009	19847108
the botrytis cinerea aspartic proteinase family.	the ascomycete plant pathogen botrytis cinerea secretes aspartic proteinase (ap) activity. functional analysis was carried out on five aspartic proteinase genes (bcap1-5) reported previously. single and double mutants lacking these five genes showed neither a reduced secreted proteolytic activity, nor a reduction in virulence and they showed no alteration in sensitivity to antifungal proteins purified from grape juice. scrutiny of the b. cinerea genome revealed the presence of nine additional bc ...	2010	19853057
isolation and molecular cloning of venom peptides from orancistrocerus drewseni (hymenoptera: eumenidae).	three venom peptides (odvp1, odvp2 and odvp3) were isolated from the venom of the solitary wasp orancistrocerus drewseni (hymenoptera: eumenidae). the mature venom peptide sequences were determined via esi-q-tof ms/ms and by searching the o. drewseni venom gland/sac-specific est library. all of the odvps shared the typical characteristics of amidated c-termini proteins and contained a high content of hydrophobic and positively charged amino acids, suggesting that they adopt an amphipathic alpha- ...	2010	19857508
broad-spectrum disease resistance to necrotrophic and biotrophic pathogens in transgenic carrots (daucus carota l.) expressing an arabidopsis npr1 gene.	the development of transgenic plants highly resistant to a range of pathogens using traditional signal gene expression strategies has been largely ineffective. modification of systemic acquired resistance (sar) through the overexpression of a controlling gene such as npr1 (non-expressor of pr genes) offers an attractive alternative for augmenting the plants innate defense system. the arabidopsis (at) npr1 gene was successfully introduced into 'nantes coreless' carrot under control of a camv 35s ...	2009	19859731
the order of death of organisms larger than bacteria.	in a previous paper it has been shown that the logarithmic order of death of bacteria can be accounted for by the assumption of some very unstable molecules so essential for reproduction that the inactivation of only one such molecule per cell prevents reproduction and makes the cell appear "dead" according to the standard method of counting living bacteria. in the present paper dealing with the order of death of larger organisms, only a motile alga, chlamydomonas, is shown to have the same orde ...	1931	19872588
dissection of the complex phenotype in cuticular mutants of arabidopsis reveals a role of serrate as a mediator.	mutations in lacerata (lcr), fiddlehead (fdh), and bodyguard (bdg) cause a complex developmental syndrome that is consistent with an important role for these arabidopsis genes in cuticle biogenesis. the genesis of their pleiotropic phenotypes is, however, poorly understood. we provide evidence that neither distorted depositions of cutin, nor deficiencies in the chemical composition of cuticular lipids, account for these features, instead suggesting that the mutants alleviate the functional disor ...	2009	19876373
a new role for plant r2r3-myb transcription factors in cell cycle regulation.		2009	19881525
analysis of the involvement of chitin-binding domain of chicw in antifungal activity, and engineering a novel chimeric chitinase with high enzyme and antifungal activities.	an antifungal chitinase, chicw, produced by bacillus cereus 28-9 is effective against conidial germination of botrytis elliptica, the causal agent of lily leaf blight. chicw as a modular enzyme consists of a signal peptide, a catalytic domain, a fibronectin type-iii-like domain, and a chitin-binding domain. when two c-terminal domains of chicw were truncated, chicwdeltafc (lacking the chitin-binding domain and fibronectin type iii-like domain) lost its antifungal activity. since chicwdeltaac (la ...	2009	19884776
construction of a recombinant bacillus velezensis strain as an integrated control agent against plant diseases and insect pests.	to construct a new recombinant strain of bacillus velezensis that has antifungal and insecticidal activity via the expression of the insecticidal bacillus thuringiensis crystal protein, a b. thuringiensis expression vector (pht1k-1ac) was generated that contained the b. thuringiensis cry1ac gene under the control of its endogenous promoter in a minimal e. coli-b. thuringiensis shuttle vector (pht1k). this vector was introduced into a b. velezensis isolate that showed high antifungal activities a ...	2009	19884784
disruption of poly(adp-ribosyl)ation mechanisms alters responses of arabidopsis to biotic stress.	poly(adp-ribosyl)ation is a posttranslational protein modification in which adp-ribose (adp-rib) units derived from nad(+) are attached to proteins by poly(adp-rib) polymerase (parp) enzymes. adp-rib groups are removed from these polymer chains by the enzyme poly(adp-rib) glycohydrolase (parg). in animals, poly(adp-ribosyl)ation is associated with dna damage responses and programmed cell death. previously, we hypothesized a role for poly(adp-ribosyl)ation in plant defense responses when we detec ...	2010	19889874
a combination of heat treatment and pichia guilliermondii prevents cherry tomato spoilage by fungi.	this study investigated the effectiveness of heat treatment and pichia guilliermondii, either alone or in combination, to combat postharvest fungal spoilage in cherry tomato fruit. in vitro experiments demonstrated that heat treatment at 38 degrees c significantly inhibited mycelial growth of three different pathogens (botrytis cinerea, alternaria alternata and rhizopus stolonifer ehrenb). in vivo experiments unveiled that either heat treatment or p. guilliermondii reduced decay caused by these ...	2010	19923029
phytochemical profile and anticholinesterase and antimicrobial activities of supercritical versus conventional extracts of satureja montana.	winter savory satureja montana is a medicinal herb used in traditional gastronomy for seasoning meats and salads. this study reports a comparison between conventional (hydrodistillation, hd, and soxhlet extraction, se) and alternative (supercritical fluid extraction, sfe) extraction methods to assess the best option to obtain bioactive compounds. two different types of extracts were tested, the volatile (sfe-90 bar, second separator vs hd) and the nonvolatile fractions (sfe-250 bar, first and se ...	2009	19928761
trichoderma biocontrol: signal transduction pathways involved in host sensing and mycoparasitism.	fungi of the genus trichoderma are used as biocontrol agents against several plant pathogenic fungi like rhizoctonia spp., pythium spp., botrytis cinerea and fusarium spp. which cause both soil-borne and leaf- or flower-borne diseases of agricultural plants. plant disease control by trichoderma is based on complex interactions between trichoderma, the plant pathogen and the plant. until now, two main components of biocontrol have been identified: direct activity of trichoderma against the plant ...	2007	19936091
gene disruption and characterization of a class v chitin synthase in botrytis cinerea.	cell-wall chitin biosynthesis in the phytopathogenic fungus botrytis cinerea involves 7 classes of chitin synthases. in this study, we disrupted a gene encoding a chitin synthase with a myosin-like motor domain (bcchsv) through agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation. the resulting mutant was not significantly affected in either growth characteristics or pathogenicity on tomato leaves. surprisingly, the bcchsv mutant exhibited a 31% (m/m) increase in its chitin content compared with th ...	2009	19940935
[chemical constituents and bioactivity of teucrium pilosum].	to study the chemical constituents and bioactivity of teurium pilosum.	2009	19943482
polygalacturonase inhibiting protein: isolation, developmental regulation and pathogen related expression in panax ginseng c.a. meyer.	polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (pgips) are the major defense proteins which play an important role in resistance to infection of pathogens. a putative novel gene encoding pgip was isolated from panax ginseng c.a. meyer, which shows 70.3 and 68.4% homology with chick pea and arabidopsis pgips. the race pcr was preformed to isolate the full-length pgip cdna from panax ginseng. sequence analysis revealed that the cdna of pgpgip is of 1,275 bp in length and that it's containing orf encodes fo ...	2010	19946753
transcriptomic response of the mycoparasitic fungus trichoderma atroviride to the presence of a fungal prey.	combating the action of plant pathogenic microorganisms by mycoparasitic fungi has been announced as an attractive biological alternative to the use of chemical fungicides since two decades. the fungal genus trichoderma includes a high number of taxa which are able to recognize, combat and finally besiege and kill their prey. only fragments of the biochemical processes related to this ability have been uncovered so far, however.	2009	19948043
synthesis and biological activity of organotin 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylates and benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylates.	a series of organotin 4-methyl-1,2,3-thiadiazole-5-carboxylates and benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazole-7-carboxylates have been synthesized and characterized by nmr ((1)h, (13)c, and (119)sn), ir, and elemental analyses. the structure of the dimeric complex {[(bthco(2))snet(2)](2)o}(2) (bth represents benzo[1,2,3]thiadiazol-7-yl) has been further confirmed by x-ray diffraction crystallography. assessment for fungicidal activity indicates that all of the newly synthesized compounds exhibit good growth inhib ...	2010	20014765
novel bifunctional nucleases, ombbd and atbbd1, are involved in abscisic acid-mediated callose deposition in arabidopsis.	screening of the expressed sequence tag library of the wild rice species oryza minuta revealed an unknown gene that was rapidly and strongly induced in response to attack by a rice fungal pathogen (magnaporthe oryzae) and an insect (nilaparvata lugens) and by wounding, abscisic acid (aba), and methyl jasmonate treatments. its recombinant protein was identified as a bifunctional nuclease with both rnase and dnase activities in vitro. this gene was designated ombbd (for o. minuta bifunctional nucl ...	2010	20018603
fungicide-driven evolution and molecular basis of multidrug resistance in field populations of the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea.	the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea causes losses of commercially important fruits, vegetables and ornamentals worldwide. fungicide treatments are effective for disease control, but bear the risk of resistance development. the major resistance mechanism in fungi is target protein modification resulting in reduced drug binding. multiple drug resistance (mdr) caused by increased efflux activity is common in human pathogenic microbes, but rarely described for plant pathogens. annual monitoring f ...	2009	20019793
tryptophan-derived metabolites are required for antifungal defense in the arabidopsis mlo2 mutant.	arabidopsis (arabidopsis thaliana) genes mildew resistance locus o2 (mlo2), mlo6, and mlo12 exhibit unequal genetic redundancy with respect to the modulation of defense responses against powdery mildew fungi and the control of developmental phenotypes such as premature leaf decay. we show that early chlorosis and necrosis of rosette leaves in mlo2 mlo6 mlo12 mutants reflects an authentic but untimely leaf senescence program. comparative transcriptional profiling revealed that transcripts of seve ...	2010	20023151
characterization of 14 raspberry cultivars by solid-phase microextraction and relationship with gray mold susceptibility.	fourteen raspberry varieties were evaluated over two cropping seasons by solid-phase microextraction (spme) followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. thirty-six compounds were fully identified, and 10 more compounds were tentatively identified. despite interannual variability, raspberry varieties can be divided in two main groups on the basis of terpenes and c-13 norisoprenoids. susceptibility toward botrytis cinerea , one of the most relevant pathogenic fungi for soft fruits during stor ...	2010	20025221
chitinolytic and antifungal activity of a bacillus pumilus chitinase expressed in arabidopsis.	the bacillus pumilus sg2 chitinase gene (chis) and its truncated form lacking chitin binding (chbd) and fibronectin type iii (fniii) domains were transformed to arabidopsis plants and the expression, functionality and antifungal activity of the recombinant proteins were investigated. results showed that while the two enzyme forms showed almost equal hydrolytic activity toward colloidal chitin, they exhibited a significant difference in antifungal activity. recombinant chis in plant protein extra ...	2010	20035370
synthesis, fungicidal activity, and structure-activity relationship of spiro-compounds containing macrolactam (macrolactone) and thiadiazoline rings.	two series of novel spiro-compounds containing macrolactam or macrolactone and thiadiazoline rings, 1-thia-2-alkylimino-3,4,9-triaza-10-oxospiro[4.15]eicosyl-3-ene (4f) and 1-thia-2-alkylimino-3,4-diaza-9-oxa-10-oxospiro[4.15]eicosyl-3-ene (4g), were synthesized from 12-oxo-1,15-pentadecanlactam and 12-oxo-1,15-pentadecanlactone, respectively. their structures were confirmed by elemental analysis, (1)h nmr, and (13)c nmr. the conformation of compounds 4f was determined via the crystal structure ...	2010	20041703
a storage protein-like trypsin inhibitor from the moth bean (phaseolus acutifolius) with antiproliferative activity toward lymphoma cells.	a 26-kda trypsin inhibitor with an n-terminal sequence resembling storage proteins was purified from moth beans (phaseolus acutifolius). it dose-dependently inhibited trypsin with an ic(50) value of about 0.38 microm. it inhibited [methyl-(3)h] thymidine incorporation by lymphoma mbl2 cells with an ic(50) value of 20 microm.	2010	20044920
exposure to the airborne mould botrytis and its health effects.	most investigations into the correlation between exposure to fungi and detrimental health effects focus on the 2-4 most prevalent genera in ambient air, both outdoors and indoors. yet over 80 genera of fungi have been shown to have allergenic potential. also, there is no agreement about threshold values for exposure to fungi. one of the fungal genera expected to be less prevalent in ambient air and known to cause allergy is botrytis. in this review, we investigate the airborne exposure level and ...	2009	20047250
important phytopathogenic airborne fungal spores in a rural area: incidence of botrytis cinerea and oidium spp.	the effects of the climatic changes more and more frequently, favour the emergence and the development of plant diseases. botrytis cinerea and oidium spp. spores are often responsible for enormous productivity losses in cultures with high commercial interests such as the grapevine. this work aims to detect these airborne spores, before the emergence of lesions in vitis vinifera. in the rural area of amares, the seasonal distribution of the concentration of the 2 spore types, was continuously stu ...	2009	20047251
incidence of fungals in a vineyard of the denomination of origin ribeiro (ourense - north-western spain).	knowledge about the fungal spores most abundant in the atmosphere of a vineyard is of great use since it allows development of prediction models of the spore concentration, and therefore application of phytosanitary treatments only when high levels of fungal propaguls are detected. in this study the concentration of phytopathogenic spores is related with the different phenological stages of the vineyard, and a prediction model developed for each fungal type using meteorological, phenological and ...	2009	20047260
inhibitory effect of boron against botrytis cinerea on table grapes and its possible mechanisms of action.	boron, an essential plant micronutrient, was effective in the form of potassium tetraborate for control of postharvest gray mold caused by botrytis cinerea on table grapes stored at room temperature or at 0 degrees c. the inhibition of fruit decay was closely correlated with boron concentrations and partially influenced by ph value of the solution. boron strongly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial spread of b. cinerea in the culture medium. application of boron at 1% ...	2010	20060611
transfer of the beta-tubulin gene of botrytis cinerea with resistance to carbendazim into fusarium graminearum.	resistance to carbendazim and other benzimidazole fungicides in botrytis cinerea (pers. ex fr.) and most other fungi is usually conferred by mutation(s) in a single chromosomal beta-tubulin gene, often with several allelic mutations. in fusarium graminearum schwade, however, carbendazim resistance is not associated with a mutation in the corresponding beta-tubulin gene.	2010	20063268
ethylene signaling renders the jasmonate response of arabidopsis insensitive to future suppression by salicylic acid.	cross-talk between jasmonate (ja), ethylene (et), and salicylic acid (sa) signaling is thought to operate as a mechanism to fine-tune induced defenses that are activated in response to multiple attackers. here, 43 arabidopsis genotypes impaired in hormone signaling or defense-related processes were screened for their ability to express sa-mediated suppression of ja-responsive gene expression. mutant cev1, which displays constitutive expression of ja and et responses, appeared to be insensitive t ...	2010	20064062
the role of mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase signalling components and the ste12 transcription factor in germination and pathogenicity of botrytis cinerea.	in all fungi studied so far, mitogen-activated protein (map) kinase cascades serve as central signalling complexes that are involved in various aspects of growth, stress response and infection. in this work, putative components of the yeast fus3/kss1-type map kinase cascade and the putative downstream transcription factor ste12 were analysed in the grey mould fungus botrytis cinerea. deletion mutants of the map triple kinase ste11, the map kinase kinase ste7 and the map kinase adaptor protein st ...	2010	20078780
optimization of a microfluidic microarray device for the fast discrimination of fungal pathogenic dna.	a microfluidic microarray device, which has been developed for parallel dna detection, is now further optimized for more rapid and sensitive dna detection and for the single-base-pair discrimination of two fungal pathogenic pcr products. two poly(dimethylsiloxane) (pdms)-based microfluidic chips consist of radial and spiral microchannels in which flexible probe creation and convenient sample delivery have been achieved by centrifugal pumping. the microarray hybridizations occurred at the cross s ...	2010	20083083
[atmospheric concentration of fungus spores in ankara and the effect of meteorological factors in 2003 period].	the atmospheric concentrations of airborne fungus spores change continuously according to the meteorological factors, and their intensity have important allergic effects on atopic subjects and opportunistic pathogenic effects on immunocompromised patients. the aim of this study was to identify the fungal spores found in ankara atmosphere during 2003 period and to investigate the changes in spore concentrations in relation to meteorological factors. fungal spores were sampled by using 7-day burka ...	2009	20084916
burkholdines 1097 and 1229, potent antifungal peptides from burkholderia ambifaria 2.2n.	potent antifungal cyclic lipopeptides, burkholdines (bk), were isolated from a culture of burkholderia ambifaria 2.2n. bk-1229 (1) and bk-1097 (2) are octapeptides comprised of nonproteinogenic amino acids, including beta-hydroxytyrosine, beta-hydroxyasparagine, and a new fatty acyl amino acid. 1 and 2 are fungicidal against a panel of fungi with potencies 2-60-fold better than amphotericin b control.	2010	20085289
geobacillus sp., a thermophilic soil bacterium producing volatile antibiotics.	geobacillus, a bacterial genus, is represented by over 25 species of gram-positive isolates from various man-made and natural thermophilic areas around the world. an isolate of this genus (m-7) has been acquired from a thermal area near yellowstone national park, mt and partially characterized. the cells of this organism are globose (ca. 0.5 mu diameter), and they are covered in a matrix capsule which gives rise to elongate multicelled bacilliform structures (ranging from 3 to 12 mum) as seen by ...	2010	20091406
sexual mating of botrytis cinerea illustrates prp8 intein heg activity.	strains of botrytis cinerea are polymorphic for the presence of an intein in the prp8 gene (intein +/-). the intein encodes a homing endonuclease (heg). during meiosis in an intein +/- heterozygote, the homing endonuclease initiates intein 'homing' by inducing gene conversion. in such meioses, the homing endonuclease triggers gene conversion of the intein together with its flanking sequences into the empty allele. the efficiency of gene conversion of the intein was found to be 100%. the extent o ...	2010	20093192
synthesis of 1-acyl-3-isopropenylbenzimidazolone derivatives and their activity against botrytis cinerea.	a series of 1-acyl-3-isopropenylbenzimidazolone derivatives were synthesized, and their structures were characterized by (1)h and (13)c nmr and elemental analysis. their fungicidal activities against botrytis cinerea were also evaluated by spore germination assay. the acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, 4-chlorophenyl acetic acid, and 2-chlorobenzoic acid derivatives exhibited strong fungicidal activity. this implied that benzimidazolones might be potential fungicide leading compounds.	2010	20102200
aromatic potential of botrytized white wine grapes: identification and quantification of new cysteine-s-conjugate flavor precursors.	sweet wines made from botrytized grapes contain much higher concentrations of volatile thiols, especially 3-sulfanylhexan-1-ol (3sh), than dry white wines. three new specific volatile thiols (3-sulfanylpentan-1-ol (3sp), 3-sulfanylheptan-1-ol (3shp), and 2-methyl-3-sulfanylbutan-1-ol (2m3sb) were recently identified in sauternes wines. like most volatile thiols, these compounds were almost totally absent from must, mainly being formed during alcoholic fermentation. in this work, we describe the ...	2010	20103162
local lesions and induced resistance.	the local lesion phenomenon is one of the most notable resistance mechanisms where virus after multiplying in several hundred cells around the point of entry, does not continue to spread and remains in a local infection. several types of local lesions are known, inter alia, necrotic, chlorotic, and starch lesions. cells inside the lesion generally contain much less virus than cells in a systemic infection. cytopathic changes accompany the local lesion development. proteases that may have propert ...	2010	20109664
tomato plants transformed with the inhibitor-of-virus-replication gene are partially resistant to botrytis cinerea.	tomato plants transformed with a cdna clone encoding the inhibitor-of-virus-replication (ivr) gene were partially resistant to botrytis cinerea. this resistance was observed as a significant reduction in the size of lesions induced by the fungus in transgenic plants compared with the lesions on the nontransgenic control plants. this resistance was weakened when plants were kept at an elevated temperature, 32 degrees c, before inoculation with b. cinerea compared with plants kept at 17 to 22 degr ...	2010	20128695
novel insights into mannitol metabolism in the fungal plant pathogen botrytis cinerea.	in order to redefine the mannitol pathway in the necrotrophic plant pathogen botrytis cinerea, we used a targeted deletion strategy of genes encoding two proteins of mannitol metabolism, bcmtdh (b. cinerea mannitol dehydrogenase) and bcmpd (b. cinerea mannitol-1-phosphate dehydrogenase). mobilization of mannitol and quantification of bcmpd and bcmtdh gene transcripts during development and osmotic stress confirmed a role for mannitol as a temporary and disposable carbon storage compound. in orde ...	2010	20136633
phenotypic analysis of arabidopsis mutants: oomycete pathogens.	various fungal pathogens are used in arabidopsis pathogen studies, including fusarium oxysporum, alternaria brassicicola, botrytis cinerea, and others. the oomycete pathogen peronospora parasitica has been used by several groups and is described in this protocol. working with peronospora is complicated by the fact that it is an obligate biotroph, and consequently cultures must be maintained on living plants. there is no central repository for peronospora stocks, but most investigators who work w ...	2009	20147042
synthesis and fungicidal activity of aryl carbamic acid-5-aryl-2-furanmethyl ester.	chitin, a major structural component of insect cuticle and fungus cell wall but absent in plants and vertebrates, is regarded as a safe and selective target for pest control agents. chitin synthesis inhibitors (csis) have been well-known as insect growth regulators (igrs) but rarely found as fungicides in agriculture. to find novel csis with good activity, benzoylphenylurea, a typical kind of csis, was chosen as the lead compound and 26 novel aryl carbamic acid-5-aryl-2-furanmethyl esters were d ...	2010	20151651
the botrytis cinerea xylanase xyn11a contributes to virulence with its necrotizing activity, not with its catalytic activity.	the botrytis cinerea xylanase xyn11a has been previously shown to be required for full virulence of this organism despite its poor contribution to the secreted xylanase activity and the low xylan content of b. cinerea hosts. intriguingly, xylanases from other fungi have been shown to have the property, independent of the xylan degrading activity, to induce necrosis when applied to plant tissues, so we decided to test the hypothesis that secreted xyn11a contributes to virulence by promoting the n ...	2010	20184750
a transcriptomic study of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) interaction with the vascular ascomycete fungus eutypa lata.	eutypa dieback is a vascular disease that may severely affect vineyards throughout the world. in the present work, microarrays were made in order (i) to improve our knowledge of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet-sauvignon) responses to eutypa lata, the causal agent of eutypa dieback; and (ii) to identify genes that may prevent symptom development. qiagen/operon grapevine microarrays comprising 14,500 probes were used to compare, under three experimental conditions (in vitro, in the greenhou ...	2010	20190040
molecular systematics of the cotton root rot pathogen, phymatotrichopsis omnivora.	cotton root rot is an important soilborne disease of cotton and numerous dicot plants in the south-western united states and mexico. the causal organism, phymatotrichopsis omnivora (= phymatotrichum omnivorum), is known only as an asexual, holoanamorphic (mitosporic) fungus, and produces conidia resembling those of botrytis. although the corticoid basidiomycetes phanerochaete omnivora (polyporales) and sistotrema brinkmannii (cantharellales; both agaricomycetes) have been suggested as teleomorph ...	2009	20198139
effect of canopy manipulation on cane and fruit botrytis in protected raspberry.	botrytis cinerea causes disease on both the fruit and cane of raspberry. the incidence of latent and post-harvest fruit botrytis was examined in 19 commercial open-field and protected crops. many samples showed a high incidence of infected fruit (>50%), even on protected crops sprayed with fungicides. differences between open-field and protected crops, between sprayed and unsprayed crops and between two varieties (glen ample and tulameen) were not statistically significant. the incidence of late ...	2009	20222545
temperature-dependent growth of botrytis cinerea isolates from potted plants.	botrytis cinereo is a common aggressive saprophyte fungus which also invades injured plant tissues, causing botrytis blight (grey mould) in many ornamental plants, including potted flowering plants. several b. cinerea isolates from potted plants (pelargonium x hortorum, lantana camara, lonicera japonica, hydrangea macrophylla, and cyclamen persicum) affected by botrytis blight in the south of spain were studied and identified by pcr. the isolates showed phenotypic differences between them, as pr ...	2009	20222557
selection of bacterial antagonists for the biological control of botrytis cinerea in apple (malus domestica) and in comparison with application of thiabendazole.	in this study fifteen strains of identified pseudomonas fluorescens and bacillus subtilis were investigated for biological control activity against botrytis cinerea. p. fluorescens p-35 and b. subtilis b-16 showed the most inhibitory zone in dual culture assay against b. cinerea, in vitro. after ten days, p. fluorescens p-5 and b. subtilis b-3 showed the considerable results against b. cinerea on apple fruits and could reduce the grey mould from 100% to less than 35%. after twenty days, p. fluor ...	2009	20222558
infection of raspberry leaves by botrytis cinerea in relation to leaf and cane age.	botrytis cinerea pers, ex fr. can cause diseases on both cane and fruit on raspberry. previous observations in field crops led to formulation of the hypothesis that infection of canes arose from invasion by mycelium from the petioles of infected leaves and that only mature and old leaves are susceptible. inoculation studies in protected crops were conducted to investigate infection of raspberry leaves and canes by b. cinerea with a particular emphasis on determining the timing of cane infection ...	2009	20222562
effect of essential oils in control of plant diseases.	in this study, antifungal activity of some essential oils, extracted from syzygium aromoticum, foeniculum vulgare, cuminum cyminum and mentha piperita were investigated against grey mould of apple. the essential oils of s. aromaticum and f. vulgare showed considerable antifungal activities on pda medium against botrytis cinerea. results indicated that the increasing of dosage of the essential oils caused to the more antifungal activity against b. cinerea in vitro condition. after 10 days, result ...	2009	20222570
determination of trans- and cis-resveratrol in serbian commercial wines.	resveratrol (trans-3,5,4'-trihydroxystilbene) is a phytoalexin produced by grapevines in response to fungal infection, particularly to botrytis cinerea. it has been shown that it possess various biological effects such as prevention of cardiovascular diseases and anti-inflammatory and anticancerogenic properties. red wines are a primary source of resveratrol. although a number of investigations have focused on the determination of resveratrol in wines of different countries, there is no similar ...	2010	20223091
the flavohemoglobin bcfhg1 is the main no detoxification system and confers protection against nitrosative conditions but is not a virulence factor in the fungal necrotroph botrytis cinerea.	flavohemoglobins constitute a group of proteins involved in the metabolism of nitric oxide (no). botrytis cinerea was shown to have a single flavohemoglobin coding gene, bcfhg1. its expression was developmentally regulated, with maximum expression levels during germination of conidia, and was enhanced very quickly upon exposure to no of germinating conidia, but not of mycelium growing and branching actively. expression in planta paralleled the expression pattern during saprophytic growth with ma ...	2010	20223291
effects of heat treatment on wound healing in gala and red fuji apple fruits.	this study investigated the effects of heat treatment (hot air at 38 degrees c for 4 days) on wound healing in gala and red fuji apple fruits (malus domestica borkh.) and the possible mechanism. wounded apples were healed at either 20 or 38 degrees c for 4 days. during the treatment, ethylene, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (pal), peroxidase (pod), polyphenol oxidase (ppo), hydrogen peroxide (h(2)o(2)), and phenolic and lignin contents were measured. following the treatment, healed wounds were inoc ...	2010	20232915
effect of culture media and ph on the biomass production and biocontrol efficacy of a metschnikowia pulcherrima strain to be used as a biofungicide for postharvest disease control.	few strains of metschnikowia pulcherrima (pitt) m.w. miller are under development for control of postharvest pathogens on fruit. a substrate was developed to optimize the biomass production of m. pulcherrima strain bio126. different complex nutrient sources, with or without ph control, were tested. growth in yeast extract provided at concentrations > or =30 gl-1 yielded the highest biomass. the addition of two carbon sources, d-mannitol and l-sorbose, at 5 gl-1 each, significantly improved yea ...	2010	20237574
analysis of fungal gene expression by real time quantitative pcr.	the real-time quantitative pcr (qpcr) method has become central for the quantification of gene expression as well as other applications. the major advantages of qpcr are the utilization of small amount of template, high sensitivity and the ability to detect products during the reaction. after selecting qpcr among other options (northern blot, semi-quantitative pcr), one should consider several factors. the first and critical step in qpcr of fungi is the selection of an appropriate growth medium ...	2010	20238263
occurrence of botrytis fabae sardiña in england.		1947	20256153
oligomycins a and c, major secondary metabolites isolated from the newly isolated strain streptomyces diastaticus.	during the screening program for fungicides, one actinomycete strain eco 00047 was isolated with the potential activity against fungus. according to the morphology and analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the 16s rrna gene (1500 bp) this isolate was identified as streptomyces diastaticus. the active compounds were separated by silica gel column chromatography, sephadex lh-20 gel filtration and then purified by flash chromatography on c18 (20-45 microm). the chemical structure of the bioactive ...	2010	20336498
insights into the mechanisms of toxicity and tolerance to the agricultural fungicide mancozeb in yeast, as suggested by a chemogenomic approach.	abstract saccharomyces cerevisiae was used to uncover the mechanisms underlying tolerance and toxicity of the agricultural fungicide mancozeb, linked to cancer and parkinson's disease development. chemogenomics screening of a yeast deletion mutant collection revealed 286 genes that provide protection against mancozeb toxicity. the most significant gene ontology (go) terms enriched in this dataset are associated to transcriptional machinery, vacuolar organization and biogenesis, intracellular tra ...	2010	20337531
genetic characterization of grapevine-infecting botrytis cinerea isolates from argentina.	botrytis cinerea is an ascomycete with a high genetic diversity and complex population structure, as reported from several hosts and sites. however, nothing is known about its genetic diversity in argentina.	2010	20346300
contamination by moulds of grape berries in slovakia.	this paper describes the first map, albeit partial, of toxigenic fungi re-isolated from grape berries collected in three out of the six most important slovakia winemaking areas in two different periods of the harvest year 2008. low temperatures and high relative humidity during july 2008 favoured the development of grape fungal diseases that cause rots such as plasmopara, uncinula, botrytis, metasphaeria, elsinoë, and saccharomycetes. in the analysed samples, the following genera of toxigenic fu ...	2010	20349371
the arabidopsis p450 protein cyp82c2 modulates jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition, defense gene expression and indole glucosinolate biosynthesis.	jasmonic acid (ja) is a fatty acid-derived signaling molecule that regulates a broad range of plant defense responses against herbivores and some microbial pathogens. molecular genetic studies have established that ja also performs a critical role in several aspects of plant development. here, we describe the characterization of the arabidopsis mutant jasmonic acid-hypersensitive1-1 (jah1-1), which is defective in several aspects of ja responses. although the mutant exhibits increased sensitivit ...	2010	20354503
ulocladium cantlous sp. nov. isolated from northwestern china: its morphology and molecular phylogenetic position.	a new species of ulocladium was isolated from diseased leaves from two cucumis sp. growing in sinkiang and gansu provinces of china. conidia were isolated from necrotic leaves and used to establish single-spore pure cultures. conidia were harvested from cultures 7 d after incubation for morphological comparisons. the morphology of this species resembles that of u. botrytis and u. consortiale. however it is distinguished from these two species by the sizes of obovoid to broadly ellipsoidal conidi ...	2010	20361504
wounding-induced wrky8 is involved in basal defense in arabidopsis.	the wrky family of plant transcription factors controls several types of plant stress responses. arabidopsis wrky8, localized to the nucleus, is mainly induced by abscissic acid, h(2)o(2), wounding, pseudomonas syringae and botrytis cinerea infection, and aphid and maggot feeding. to determine its biological functions, we isolated loss-of-function t-dna insertion mutants and generated gain-of-function overexpressing wrky8 transgenic plants in arabidopsis. plants expressing the mutated wrky8 gene ...	2010	20367464
2-de proteomic approach to the botrytis cinerea secretome induced with different carbon sources and plant-based elicitors.	botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus infecting a number of crops (tomatoes, grapes and strawberries), which has been adopted as a model system in molecular phytopathology. b. cinerea uses a wide variety of infection strategies, which are mediated by a set of genes/proteins called pathogenicity/virulence factors. many of these factors have been described as secreted proteins, and thus the study of this sub-proteome, the secretome, under changing circumstances can help us to understand the ...	2010	20376862
transcriptional responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-induced stress in arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of hormone and defense signaling pathways.	polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) are toxic, widely-distributed, environmentally persistent, and carcinogenic byproducts of carbon-based fuel combustion. previously, plant studies have shown that pahs induce oxidative stress, reduce growth, and cause leaf deformation as well as tissue necrosis. to understand the transcriptional changes that occur during these processes, we performed microarray experiments on arabidopsis thaliana l. under phenanthrene treatment, and compared the results to ...	2010	20377843
[construction of t-dna insertion mutants of botrytis cinerea via agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation and sequence analysis of insertion site].	construction of botrytis cinerea t-dna insertion mutant library through agrobacterium-mediated transformation and for further understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of botrytis cinerea.	2010	20387458
improved tolerance toward fungal diseases in transgenic cavendish banana (musa spp. aaa group) cv. grand nain.	the most devastating disease currently threatening to destroy the banana industry worldwide is undoubtedly sigatoka leaf spot disease caused by mycosphaerella fijiensis. in this study, we developed a transformation system for banana and expressed the endochitinase gene then-42 from trichoderma harzianum together with the grape stilbene synthase (stsy) gene in transgenic banana plants under the control of the 35s promoter and the inducible pr-10 promoter, respectively. the superoxide dismutase ge ...	2011	20397044
deficiencies in jasmonate-mediated plant defense reveal quantitative variation in botrytis cinerea pathogenesis.	despite the described central role of jasmonate signaling in plant defense against necrotrophic pathogens, the existence of intraspecific variation in pathogen capacity to activate or evade plant jasmonate-mediated defenses is rarely considered. experimental infection of jasmonate-deficient and jasmonate-insensitive arabidopsis thaliana with diverse isolates of the necrotrophic fungal pathogen botrytis cinerea revealed pathogen variation for virulence inhibition by jasmonate-mediated plant defen ...	2010	20419157
the response of antioxidant metabolism in apple fruit to post-harvest storage disease.		2009	20420239