Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| saponin adjuvant primes for a dominant interleukin-10 production to ovalbumin and to trypanosoma cruzi antigen. | the adjuvant activity of saponin for t-cell responses was evaluated and compared with that of complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) in two antigen systems: a lysate of the protozoa trypanosoma cruzi and ovalbumin (oa). strong delayed-type hypersensitivity and t-cell proliferate responses, comparable with those stimulated by cfa, were observed for both antigens following immunization with saponin as adjuvant. upon in vitro secondary antigen stimulation, high interleukin-10 (il-10) and low interferon-g ... | 1996 | 8958049 |
| cag, a pathogenicity island of helicobacter pylori, encodes type i-specific and disease-associated virulence factors. | caga, a gene that codes for an immunodominant antigen, is present only in helicobacter pylori strains that are associated with severe forms of gastroduodenal disease (type i strains). we found that the genetic locus that contains caga (cag) is part of a 40-kb dna insertion that likely was acquired horizontally and integrated into the chromosomal glutamate racemase gene. this pathogenicity island is flanked by direct repeats of 31 bp. in some strains, cag is split into a right segment (cagi) and ... | 1996 | 8962108 |
| antigen-specific t-cell activations distinguished by in vivo anti-cd4 antibody treatment. | this study identifies activation characteristics of ppd-responsive t-cells that emerge after treatment with anti-cd4 monoclonal antibody (mab). ppd-stimulated t-cell proliferations, ox40 phenotype and protein tyrosine phosphorylations involving p56lck (pp56lck) were compared to con a stimulations using t-cells isolated from spleen and draining lymph node of cfa/ppd-immunized rats either untreated or treated in vivo with anti-cd4 mab. splenocytes stimulated by concanavalin a (con a) showed correl ... | 1995 | 8964651 |
| cytotoxicity and proliferation of splenocytes and lymph node cells from adjuvant-treated nude mice. studies of natural and in vitro activation. | the cytotoxicity of nk cells and lymphocytes derived from nonadherent splenocytes (spl) and regional lymph node cells (lnc) from complete freund's adjuvant (cfa)-treated athymic nude young (4-6 weeks) and aged (over 1 year) balb/c nu/nu mice in vitro activated with ril-2, anti-cd3 mab or ppd was analyzed and compared to spl and lnc from age-matched euthymic balb/c mice. the high natural cytotoxicity to yac-1 target cells of spl or lnc could be augmented by 48 h stimulation in vitro with ril-2, e ... | 1996 | 8972689 |
| resting memory cd8+ t cells are hyperreactive to antigenic challenge in vitro. | the characteristics of cd8+ t cells responsible for memory responses are still largely unknown. particularly, it has not been determined whether different activation thresholds distinguish naive from memory cd8+ t cell populations. in most experimental systems, heterogeneous populations of primed cd8+ t cells can be identified in vivo after immunization. these cells differ in terms of cell cycle status, surface phenotype, and/or effector function. this heterogeneity has made it difficult to asse ... | 1996 | 8976170 |
| experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis induction in genetically b cell-deficient mice. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an animal model for autoimmune central nervous system disease mediated by cd4 t cells. to examine the role of b cells in the induction of eae, we used b10.pl (i-au) mice rendered deficient in b cells by deletion of their mu chain transmembrane region (b10.plmicromt). by immunizing b10.pl and b10.plmicromt mice with the nh-terminal myelin basic protein encephalitogenic peptide ac1-11, we observed no difference in the onset or severity of disease ... | 0 | 8976182 |
| lower extremity blood flow and responses to occlusion ischemia differ in exercise-trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons. | to test whether lower extremity blood flow and hyperemic responses to vascular occlusion differ among electrically stimulated exercise trained and sedentary tetraplegic persons and subjects without tetraplegia (control). | 1996 | 8976309 |
| the antibody repertoire in experimental allergic neuritis: evidence for pmp-22 as a novel neuritogen. | experimental allergic neuritis (ean) is an autoimmune disease that serves as an animal model for the guillain-barré syndrome (gbs). in both disorders there is still great uncertainty as to the significance and diversity of autoantibodies involved. we focused on the characterization of serum antibody production in response to various peripheral nervous system (pns) myelin proteins during the course of actively induced ean in lewis rats. these data were compared with ean induced by adoptive transf ... | 1996 | 8982118 |
| construction of a stable and non-resistant bivalent vaccine candidate strain against shigella flexneri 2a and shigella sonnei. | the e. coli cs3 gene coding for cfa/ii antigen was site-specifically integrated into the asd gene locus of s. flexneri 2a vaccine strain t32, resulting in the inactivation of the asd gene. meanwhile, the gene cluster for s. sonnei o antigen was cloned into a non-resistant expression vector pxl378 to construct the plasmid pxl390. by transforming the asd-mutant of the t32 strain with pxl390, the bivalent vaccine candidate strain fs01 against s. flexneri 2a and s. sonnei was finally obtained. exper ... | 1996 | 8988355 |
| fimbrial adhesins: similarities and variations in structure and biogenesis. | fimbriae are wiry (2 to 4 nm diam.) or rod-shaped (6 to 8 nm diam.), fibre-like structures on the surfaces of bacteria which mediate attachment to host cells. much has been learned in recent years about the biogenesis, structure and regulation of expression of these adhesive organelles in gram-negative bacteria. analyses of the genetic determinants encoding the biogenesis of fimbriae has revealed that the adhesive interaction of fimbriae can be mediated by major subunits (cfa/i and cs1 fimbriae) ... | 1996 | 8988393 |
| induction and prevention of colonic inflammation in il-2-deficient mice. | gene-targeted mice deficient for il-2 (il-2 -/- mice) are free of apparent disease when maintained under germfree conditions but develop colitis and autoimmunity in a conventional environment. here we show that colitis can be reproducibly induced in il-2 -/- mice, but not in il-2 +/+ mice, by i.p. immunization with ag in cfa; thus enabling the systematic study of the immunopathogenesis of the colitis. we found that tnp-klh or tnp-ova had the most significant effect in inducing colitis, and while ... | 1997 | 8992969 |
| characterisation of genes involved in biosynthesis of coronafacic acid, the polyketide component of the phytotoxin coronatine. | coronafacic acid (cfa) is the polyketide component of coronatine (cor), a phytotoxin produced by the plant pathogen, pseudomonas syringae. in the present study we have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 3.92-kb dna fragment involved in cfa biosynthesis. analysis of the sequence revealed four complete open reading frames (orfs) designated cfa1 to cfa4 and one incomplete orf (cfa5), all transcribed in the same direction. the predicted translation products of cfa1, cfa2 and cfa3 showed related ... | 1996 | 8996103 |
| suppression of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) by intraperitoneal administration of soluble myelin antigens in wistar rats. | intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of wistar rats with bovine myelin (bm) or myelin basic protein (mbp) previously to immunization with bm-cfa showed a diminished incidence and severity of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) (2/13 and 0/7, respectively) when compared with rats immunized with bm-cfa (11/17) or i.p. treated with ovalbumin (2/4). concomitantly, animals treated with bm or mbp exhibited a marked reduction of proliferative response to mbp which was highly positive when splee ... | 1997 | 9003240 |
| distribution of colonization factor antigens among enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in nepal, indonesia, peru, and thailand. | samples (1,318) of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) isolated in 1994-1995 from children with diarrhea from nepal, indonesia, peru, and thailand were examined for colonization factor antigen (cfa) and coli surface (cs) antigens. fifty-five percent of 361 heat-labile and heat-stable (lt-st), 14% of 620 lt-only, and 48% of 337 st-only etec had cfa/cs antigens. lt-st etec strains were predominantly in the cfa ii group, and st only strains were in the cfa iv group. additional studies are neede ... | 1997 | 9003636 |
| experimental autoimmune cystitis in the lewis rat: a potential animal model for interstitial cystitis. | to develop an autoimmune animal model for interstitial cystitis (ic), we injected rats with freund's adjuvant (cfa) containing bladder homogenate (experimentals) or cfa alone (shams). we observed a doubling of urinary frequency in the experimental animals over the shams (p = 0.004) and histopathologic changes (venular congestion) consistent with ic. statistically significant bladder capacity changes were not found. mast cell (mc) number was not statistically different between experimentals and c ... | 1996 | 9008331 |
| a new putative fimbrial colonization factor, cs19, of human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | a gene probe derived from the colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) operon cross-hybridized at very low stringency to plasmid dna from coli surface antigen 17 (cs17)-producing enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) and from the etec strain f595c, which was negative for previously described cfas, css, and putative colonization factors (pcfs). a 16-kda protein was identified in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of heat extracts prepared after growth of strain f595c at 37 d ... | 1997 | 9009305 |
| experimental allergic encephalomyelitis and vaccination-induced resistance in da rats. | in this report, we show that da rats (rt1a haplotype) immunized with myelin basic protein (mbp)-cfa develop and recover from an ascending paralysis, with the course and severity of clinical disease similar to the kinetics observed with mbp-cfa-immunized lewis rats. experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) can be adoptively transferred with mbp-stimulated immune spleen cells, with onset of paralysis 4 days following transfer and complete recovery 3-4 days later. to determine if the vaccinati ... | 1997 | 9015193 |
| reduced incidence and severity of antigen-induced autoimmune diseases in mice lacking interferon regulatory factor-1. | interferon regulatory factor-1 (irf-1) is a transcription factor that regulates interferon-induced genes and type i interferons. recently, studies of irf-l-deficient mice have revealed that irf-i regulates the induction of molecules that play important roles in inflammation, such as inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) and interleukin-l beta-converting enzyme (ice). to study the role of irf-1 in autoimmunity, we investigated type ii collagen-induced arthritis (cia), and experimental allergic e ... | 1997 | 9016872 |
| the transcriptional promoter regulates hypermutation of the antibody heavy chain locus. | a somatic process introduces mutations into antibody variable (v) region genes at a high rate in many vertebrates, and is a major source of antibody diversity. the mechanism of this hypermutation process remains enigmatic, although retrospective studies and transgenic experiments have recently suggested a role for transcriptional regulatory elements. here, we demonstrate that mouse heavy (h) chain loci in which the natural vh promoter has been replaced by a heterologous promoter undergo hypermut ... | 1997 | 9016873 |
| cloning, sequencing, mapping and hyperexpression of the ribc gene coding for riboflavin synthase of escherichia coli. | the gene coding for riboflavin synthase of escherichia coli has been cloned by marker rescue on a 6-kb fragment that has been sequenced. the riboflavin synthase gene is identical to the ribc locus and codes for a protein of 213 amino acids with a mass of 23.4 kda. it was mapped to a position at 37.5 min on the physical map of the e. coli chromosome. the 3' end of the ribc gene is directly adjacent to the cfa gene, which codes for cyclopropane-fatty-acid synthase. this gene is followed by two ope ... | 1996 | 9022701 |
| proteinaceous factor(s) in culture supernatant fluids of bifidobacteria which prevents the binding of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli to gangliotetraosylceramide. | we have examined the competitive binding of several species of bifidobacterium and escherichia coli pb176, an enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) strain, to gangliotetraosylceramide (asialo gm1 or ga1), a common bacterium-binding structure, and identified a factor(s) in the bifidobacterium culture supernatant fluid that inhibits the binding of e. coli pb176 to ga1. the etec strain we used expresses colonization factor antigen (cfa) ii, which consists of coli surface-associated antigens cs1 and cs3. c ... | 1997 | 9023929 |
| suckling and sucrose ingestion suppress persistent hyperalgesia and spinal fos expression after forepaw inflammation in infant rats. | sweet taste and nonnutritive suckling produce analgesia to transient noxious stimuli in infant rats and humans. the present study evaluated the pain-modulating effects of sucrose and suckling in a rat model of persistent pain and hyperalgesia that mimics the response to tissue injury in humans. fore- and hindpaw withdrawal latencies from a 30 degrees or 48 degrees c brass stylus were determined in 10-day-old rats following paw inflammation induced by complete freund's adjuvant (cfa; 1:1 injected ... | 1997 | 9037077 |
| british thoracic society study of cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: current presentation and initial management. fibrosing alveolitis subcommittee of the research committee of the british thoracic society. | mortality due to cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) is increasing, particularly in the elderly. optimum management remains uncertain and previous studies of the disease have largely been from specialist centres. a national study was carried out of the presentation and initial management of cfa in the uk. | 0 | 9039238 |
| functional impairment in fibrosing alveolitis: relationship to reversible disease on thin section computed tomography. | thin-section computed tomography (ct) provides a reproducible method of quantifying global disease extent and can also discriminate between fibrotic disease, with predominance of reticular abnormalities, and reversible inflammatory cell infiltration, shown as ground-glass attenuation. the aim of this study was to determine whether functional impairment varied according to the presence of ground-glass attenuation on ct, independently of extent of disease on ct, demographic factors, smoking histor ... | 1997 | 9042621 |
| novel genetic regulation of t helper 1 (th1)/th2 cytokine production and encephalitogenicity in inbred mouse strains. | development of t helper cell (th)1 or th2 cytokine responses is essential for effector and regulatory functions of t helper cells. we have compared cytokine profiles of myelin basic protein (mbp) ac1-16 peptide-specific t helper cells from inbred mouse strains expressing identical k haplotype-derived mhc class ii molecules b10.a and b10.br, b10.br t cell lines (tcl) produced th1 cytokines (including high levels of tnf-alpha) and induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis after adoptive tr ... | 1997 | 9053444 |
| comparison of the cellular fatty acid composition of a bacterium isolated from a human and alleged to be bacillus sphaericus with that of bacillus sphaericus isolated from a mosquito larvicide. | the cellular fatty acid (cfa) composition of the cytoplasmic membrane of a bacillus isolated from a human lung and deposited in the national collection of type cultures as bacillus sphaericus nctc 11025 was determined by gas-liquid chromatography. the cfa composition of b. sphaericus 2362, isolated from a microbial larvicide, and those of b. sphaericus reference strains obtained from public collections were also determined. samples were grouped by hierarchical cluster analysis based on the unpai ... | 1997 | 9055417 |
| risk factors for childhood sensorineural hearing loss in the oxford region. | we have used a comprehensive register of hearing-impaired children born in the former oxford health region to study risk factors for sensorineural hearing loss. the occurrence of a wide variety of risk factors was documented from the case notes of 145 children; these were all the cases known at the time of the study with all degrees of hearing loss born between 1984 and 1988. comparison with the normal regional population showed that maternal age over 35 years and asian ethnic origin were signif ... | 1997 | 9056042 |
| linomide suppresses both th1 and th2 cytokines in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. | suppressive effects of the synthetic immunomodulatory drug linomide have been shown in several autoimmune models, including antibody-mediated experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg), a model for human myasthenia gravis (mg). to define the mechanisms underlying eamg suppression, we injected linomide subcutaneously at different doses into lewis rats immunized with torpedo acetylcholine receptor (achr) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), and investigated achr-specific t and b cell respons ... | 1997 | 9058774 |
| effect of long-term treatment with complete freund's adjuvant on kk-ay mouse, a model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. | nonspecific stimulation with immunoadjuvants significantly improves glucose tolerance in animal models for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (niddm). in this study, we observed the effect of long-term treatment with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) on serum factors and histology of various organs in kk-ay mice with niddm. the mice were injected with cfa weekly or every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. glucose tolerance was significantly improved in the cfa-treated mice throughout the experiment. at t ... | 1997 | 9073536 |
| risk factors associated with hearing loss in neonates. | to identify the risk factors associated with hearing loss in our neonatal patient population and compare them to the ones listed by the joint committee on infant hearing. | 2007 | 9074731 |
| role of t cells in the mediation of heymann nephritis. ii. identification of th1 and cytotoxic cells in glomeruli. | the role of immunoglobulin (ig) and complement as mediators of heymann nephritis (hn) has been questioned by recent studies showing that hn can be induced in a c6-deficient rat that cannot assemble the membrane attack complex of complement. also, the severity of hn can be reduced by therapy directed at cd8+ t cells, which has no effect on antibody (ab) production or immune deposits. to identify whether t cells may contribute to the glomerular injury of active hn in lewis rats, the mononuclear in ... | 1997 | 9083271 |
| immune effector cells induced by complete freund's adjuvant exert an inhibitory effect on antigen-specific type 2 t helper responses. | it has been well documented that environmental factors such as antigenpresenting cells and related cytokines could affect the development of t helper cells. | 1997 | 9088658 |
| presentation of a t cell receptor antagonist peptide by immunoglobulins ablates activation of t cells by a synthetic peptide or proteins requiring endocytic processing. | t cell receptor (tcr) antagonism is being considered for inactivation of aggressive t cells and reversal of t cell-mediated autoimmune diseases. tcr antagonist peptides silence aggressive t cells and reverse experimental allergic encephalomyelitis induced with free peptides. however, it is not clear whether free antagonist peptides could reverse natural disease where the antigen is presumably available for endocytic processing and peptides gain access to newly synthesized class ii mhc molecules. ... | 0 | 9091578 |
| an hla-dr1 transgene confers susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis elicited with human type ii collagen. | rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease that is strongly associated with the expression of several hla-dr haplotypes, including dr1 (drb1*0101). although the antigen that initiates ra remains elusive, it has been shown that many patients have autoimmunity directed to type ii collagen (cii). to test the hypothesis that hla-dr1 is capable of mediating an immune response to cii, we have generated transgenic mice expressing chimeric (human/mouse) hla-dr1. when the dr1 transgenic mice were ... | 1997 | 9091584 |
| collagen-induced arthritis is reduced in 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein-deficient mice. | collagen-induced arthritis in the dba/1 mouse is an experimental model of human rheumatoid arthritis. to examine the role of leukotrienes in the pathogenesis of this disease, we have developed embryonic stem (es) cells from this mouse strain. here, we report that dba/1 mice made deficient in 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (flap) by gene targeting in es cells develop and grow normally. zymosan-stimulated leukotriene production in the peritoneal cavity of these mice is undetectable, whereas the ... | 1997 | 9091585 |
| cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and the fibrosing alveolitis of systemic sclerosis: morphological differences on computed tomographic scans. | the purpose of this study was to identify morphological differences on the computed tomographic (ct) scan between cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) and the fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (fassc), and to examine their biological relevance. | 0 | 9093344 |
| comparison of the effects of tenoxicam and mid-laser irradiation on chronic adjuvant arthritis in rats. | this controlled experimental study was designed to compare the effects of a well-known nsaid, tenoxicam, with mid-laser irradiation on the inflammatory component of adjuvant-induced arthritis (aia). four groups of animals, each consisting of 10 wistar rats, were included in the study. the primary concern was not to investigate the antiinflammatory effects of tenoxicam, but to compare the previously proven effects of this drug with a physical therapy agent which might be considered to have fewer ... | 1997 | 9093779 |
| a peptide composed of tandem analogs of two myasthenogenic t cell epitopes interferes with specific autoimmune responses. | myasthenia gravis (mg) is a t cell-regulated, antibody-mediated autoimmune disease. two peptides representing sequences of the human acetylcholine receptor alpha-subunit, p195-212 and p259-271, were previously shown to stimulate peripheral blood lymphocytes of patients with mg and were found to be immunodominant t cell epitopes in sjl and balb/c mice, respectively. single amino acid substituted analogs of p195-212 (analog ala-207) and p259-271 (analog lys-262) were synthesized. we showed that an ... | 1997 | 9096370 |
| time-course changes of nerve growth factor, corticotropin-releasing hormone, and nitric oxide synthase isoforms and their possible role in the development of inflammatory response in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | in this paper we report a time-course study of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in lewis rats, by monitoring neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis through corticotropin-releasing hormone mrna expression, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, macrophagic and neuronal nitric oxide synthase, nerve growth factor (ngf), and ngf p75 and trka receptors in the brain and spinal cord. we analyzed animals during 20 days after immunization, a time interval th ... | 1997 | 9096400 |
| interleukin 1 beta-converting enzyme related proteases/caspases are involved in trail-induced apoptosis of myeloma and leukemia cells. | the fas/apo-1/cd95 ligand (cd95l) and the recently cloned trail ligand belong to the tnf-family and share the ability to induce apoptosis in sensitive target cells. little information is available on the degree of functional redundancy between these two ligands in terms of target selectivity and intracellular signalling pathway(s). to address these issues, we have expressed and characterized recombinant mouse trail. specific detection with newly developed rabbit anti-trail antibodies showed that ... | 1997 | 9105050 |
| lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis: a functional-morphologic correlation based on extent of disease on thin-section computed tomography. | in most clinical series of patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa), disease severity is staged using lung function indices. however, many physiologic indices are measured in routine clinical practice; the choice of variable to evaluate functional severity is contentious. computed tomography (ct) provides a reproducible means of quantifying the morphologic extent of disease. the aim of this study was to evaluate the functional consequences of smoking-related lung damage in cfa and to ... | 1997 | 9105081 |
| modulation of murine systemic lupus erythematosus with peptides based on complementarity determining regions of a pathogenic anti-dna monoclonal antibody. | experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) can be induced in naive mice by immunization with a murine monoclonal anti-dna antibody (mab), 5g12, that bears a major idiotype designated 16/6 id. strain-dependent differences were observed in the proliferative responses of lymph node cells of mice immunized with two peptides based on the sequences of the complementarity determining region (cdr) 1 and 3 of mab 5g12. the capacity of the peptides to bind to major histocompatibility complex class ii ... | 1997 | 9114040 |
| glucose up-regulates expression of the differentiation-associated brush border binding site for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli colonization factor antigen i in cultured human enterocyte-like cells. | the association of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli expressing colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i) with the cultured human colon adenocarcinoma cell, a model of the mature enterocyte of the small intestine, is dependent on the binding of cfa/i to a brush border-associated component. binding of the purified radiolabeled [125i]cfa/i- and 14c-labeled cfa/i-positive bacteria could be displaced by an increasing concentration of unlabeled cfa/i. moreover, we showed that expression of the specific cf ... | 1997 | 9119465 |
| the beck anxiety inventory: reexamination of factor structure and psychometric properties. | several exploratory factor-analytic studies of the beck anxiety inventory (bai; beck, epstein, brown, & steer, 1988) have reported two, four, and five factors. this study evaluated the fit of four competing models to data provided by a sample of 350 undergraduates. results of the initial confirmatory factor analyses (cfa) provided strong support for the fit of the four-factor oblique model. next, we respecified the four-factor model as a single second-order bai. results showed that the second-or ... | 1997 | 9120035 |
| a t helper cell 2 (th2) immune response against non-self antigens modifies the cytokine profile of autoimmune t cells and protects against experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. | experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (eae) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (cns), and the most commonly used experimental model for multiple sclerosis. it is mediated by autoreactive t cell clones exhibiting a t helper cell (th) 1 cytokine profile. nonencephalitogenic t lymphocytes specific for self or exogenous antigens have been found to suppress encephalitogenic t cell responses and to protect against autoimmune disease. the mechanisms by which exogenous antigens mod ... | 1997 | 9120396 |
| experimental autoimmune uveitis in hla-b27 transgenic mice. | the major histocompatibility complex (mhc) gene, hla-b27 is strongly associated with auto-immune uveitis and spondyloarthropathies in humans. experimental mouse models of autoimmune uveitis involve systemic immunization with the retinal autoantigen interphotoreceptor retinoid binding protein (irbp). to assess possible roles of hla-b27 in autoimmune uveitis, as well as to investigate a possible new animal model of human uveitis, inbred strains of c57bl/6 and c57bl/6 possessing the human hla-b27 o ... | 1997 | 9129978 |
| humoral and cell-mediated immune responses following lesions of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis in the rat. | the present study was undertaken to elucidate whether electrolytic lesions of nucleus basalis magnocellularis--nbm (an animal model of alzheimer's disease--ad) may influence humoral and cellular immune responses in adult male wistar rats. for this purpose intact control (ic), sham-operated (so) and nbm-lesioned rats were divided into two main groups: (1) rats immunized with sheep red blood cells (srbc) for plaque-forming cell (pfc) response and anti-srbc agglutinins, and (2) rats immunized with ... | 1997 | 9134454 |
| [expression of the stress-response protein 60 in iritis in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis--an immunohistochemical study]. | uveitis of unknown etiology is known to occur in association with various systemic disorders. we did an immunohistochemical study on the expression of stress-response proteins (srp's) in iritis associated with experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is regarded as a model of multiple sclerosis. eae was induced in lewis rats by sensitization with homogenized spinal cord of guinea pig in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) (group eae). for controls, we used rats sensitized with cfa onl ... | 1997 | 9136568 |
| expression of colonization factor antigen i fimbriae by enterotoxigenic escherichia coli; influence of growth conditions and a recombinant positive regulatory gene. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) may spontaneously lose the positive regulatory cfar gene and thereby the capacity to express colonization factor antigen i (cfa/i). a recombinant plasmid harbouring the cfar gene was transformed into cfar-negative mutant etec strains. cfa/i expression of wild-type and cfar-transformed etec cultivated in different liquid media was quantified. at 37 degrees c, a high level of cfa/i expression from wild-type and cfar-transformed strains was observed after gro ... | 1997 | 9137521 |
| airway management in children with craniofacial anomalies. | craniofacial anomalies (cfa) predispose children to airway obstruction. a retrospective study was conducted to describe airway intervention required to manage patients with craniofacial syndromes and diseases involving the midface and mandible (i.e., pierre robin, apert, treacher collins, saethre-chotzen, charge, nager, stickler, goldenhar, and pfeiffer). the type of airway intervention, duration of intervention, and associated physical and medical conditions were evaluated. one hundred nine pat ... | 1997 | 9138508 |
| cell line specific radiosensitizing effect of zalcitabine (2',3'-dideoxycytidine). | the potential of zalcitabine (ddc) to act as an ionizing radiation response modifier was tested on exponentially growing human cancer cells in vitro. two human cell lines, widr (colon) and mcf-7 (breast) were exposed to ddc at 10 microm concentration for various lengths of time (18, 24, 48 and 72 h). on the widr cell line the dual effect of concentration and duration of exposure prior to irradiation was investigated. experimental endpoints were clonogenicity and viability, as measured by colony ... | 1997 | 9140438 |
| the progressive tactile hyperalgesia induced by peripheral inflammation is nerve growth factor dependent. | experimental peripheral inflammation results in cutaneous mechanical hypersensitivity, and repeated low intensity mechanical stimulation of the inflamed skin induces a progressively incrementing hyperalgesia. we have now examined whether the elevation in nerve growth factor (ngf) induced by the inflammation contributes to this progressive hyperalgesia. an i.p. injection of anti-ngf antiserum (5 microliters g-1) 1 h before induction of inflammation by intraplantar complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) ... | 1997 | 9141043 |
| prevention of autoimmune disease due to lymphocyte modulation by the b-subunit of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin. | we demonstrate that the receptor binding moiety of escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (etxb) can completely prevent autoimmune disease in a murine model of arthritis. injection of male dba/1 mice at the base of the tail with type ii collagen in the presence of complete freund's adjuvant normally leads to arthritis, as evidenced by inflammatory infiltration and swelling of the joints. a separate injection of etxb at the same time as collagen challenge prevented leukocyte infiltration, synov ... | 1997 | 9144230 |
| norepinephrine content in primary and secondary lymphoid organs is altered in rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis. | chemical sympathectomy of secondary lymphoid organs with sparing of the hind limbs exacerbates adjuvant-induced arthritis (aa) in lewis rats supporting a role for noradrenergic (na) innervation of the immune system in aa pathology. the present study examines sympathetic innervation of lymphoid organs from lewis rats 32 days after treatment with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or vehicle using fluorescence histochemistry for localization of catecholamines (ca) and high-performance liquid chromat ... | 1997 | 9147367 |
| influence of adjuvants on the induction of autoantibodies to the thyrotropin receptor. | to determine the influence of adjuvant on the induction of antibodies to thyrotropin receptor (tshr), we immunized balb/c mice with a extracellular domain of the tshr (etshr) protein in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), titer max (tm) and gerbu. similarly, control groups of mice were immunized with bovine serum albumin (bsa) in each of the different adjuvants. as determined by elisa, etshr given along with cfa elicited high titers of antibodies to etshr which were mainly restricted to the igg1 s ... | 1996 | 9147579 |
| placebo-controlled trial of vaccination with hepatitis b virus surface antigen in hepatitis b virus transgenic mice. | treatment of hepatitis b virus carriers by vaccine containing hepatitis b surface antigen with pre-s protein and hbsag/ anti-hbs complex has been reported and these studies have constituted a new and promising concept for the treatment of hbv-carriers. the present communication, a placebo-controlled trial of vaccination in hbv-transgenic mice, was designed to examine the impact of vaccination using a high dose of hbsag for a duration of 12 months to achieve further insights about the dose, durat ... | 1997 | 9148003 |
| regulatory t cells specific for the same framework 3 region of the vbeta8.2 chain are involved in the control of collagen ii-induced arthritis and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | recent evidence indicates that chronic autoimmune disease can result from breakdown of regulation and subsequent activation of self-reactive t cells. in many murine autoimmune disease systems and in the lewis rat, antigen-specific t cells utilizing the t cell receptor (tcr) vbeta8.2 gene segment play a major role. in the myelin basic protein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) model in h-2(u) mice, we had shown that t cells recognizing a peptide determinant within the framewo ... | 1997 | 9151697 |
| transforming growth factor beta (tgf-beta)-dependent inhibition of t helper cell 2 (th2)-induced autoimmunity by self-major histocompatibility complex (mhc) class ii-specific, regulatory cd4(+) t cell lines. | autoreactive anti-mhc class ii t cells are found in brown norway (bn) and lewis (lew) rats that receive either hgcl2 or gold salts. these t cells have a t helper cell 2 (th2) phenotype in the former strain and are responsible for th2-mediated autoimmunity. in contrast, t cells that expand in lew rats produce il-2 and prevent experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, a cell-mediated autoimmune disease. the aim of this work was to investigate, using t cell lines derived from hgcl2-injected lew ra ... | 1997 | 9151702 |
| local delivery of interleukin 4 by retrovirus-transduced t lymphocytes ameliorates experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) is an inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system which serves as a model for the human disease multiple sclerosis. we demonstrate here that encephalitogenic t cells, transduced with a retroviral gene, construct to express interleukin 4, and can delay the onset and reduce the severity of eae when adoptively transferred to myelin basic protein-immunized mice. thus, t lymphocytes transduced with retroviral vectors can deliver "regul ... | 1997 | 9151908 |
| functional impairment in lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis: a comparison. | lone cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis (cfa) is histologically identical to fibrosing alveolitis associated with systemic sclerosis (fassc), but it has a much worse prognosis after matching for disease severity at presentation. thin-section ct scanning (ct) provides a reproducible method of quantifying the morphologic extent of fibrosing alveolitis. the aim of this study was to gain insights into contrasting pathophysiologic mechanisms in the two diseases by comparing patterns of functional impai ... | 1997 | 9154872 |
| increased adjuvant efficacy in stimulation of antibody responses after macrophage elimination in vivo. | to investigate whether macrophages influence the efficacy of adjuvants, we locally eliminated lymph node macrophages with dichloromethylene diphosphonate containing-liposomes before primary immunization. after macrophage elimination, animals were immunized with a soluble antigen (tnp-klh; 2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-keyhole limpet haemocyanin) either in phosphate-buffered saline (pbs), in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa), or in specol is a water-in-oil emulsion, considered to be less aggressive than cf ... | 0 | 9155638 |
| antigens produced in plants by infection with chimeric plant viruses immunize against rabies virus and hiv-1. | the coat protein (cp) of alfalfa mosaic virus was used as a carrier molecule to express antigenic peptides from rabies virus and hiv. the antigens were separately cloned into the reading frame of alfalfa mosaic virus cp and placed under the control of the subgenomic promoter of tobacco mosaic virus cp in the 30brz vector. the in vitro transcripts of recombinant virus with sequences encoding the antigenic peptides were synthesized from dna constructs and used to inoculate tobacco plants. the plan ... | 1997 | 9159151 |
| development of an adjuvant-active nonionic block copolymer for use in oil-free subunit vaccines formulations. | nonionic block copolymers, synthesized from repeating units of oxypropylene and oxyethylene, can be designed so that individual copolymers have unique physical properties with differential levels of adjuvant activity. we have designed high molecular weight block copolymers that spontaneously assemble into 500 nm-3 mum particles when formulated with protein antigens in aqueous solutions at physiological ph. the adjuvant activity of one of these copolymers, termed crl1005, was compared to selected ... | 1997 | 9160526 |
| analysis of incidence of infection with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli in a prospective cohort study of infant diarrhea in nicaragua. | diarrheal episodes with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) were prospectively monitored during the first 2 years of life in a cohort of 235 infants from leon, nicaragua. etec was an etiological finding in 38% (310 of 808) of diarrheal episodes and in 19% (277 of 1,472) of samples taken as asymptomatic controls at defined age intervals (p = <0.0001). the majority of diarrheal episodes (80%) occurred before 12 months of age. the major etec type was characterized by colonization factor cfa i a ... | 1997 | 9163453 |
| coli surface antigens associated with enterotoxigenic escherichia coli strains isolated from persons with traveler's diarrhea in asia. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) strains were isolated from travelers or military personnel who developed diarrhea after visiting nepal or who were deployed to thailand, indonesia, or the philippines. etec isolates were examined for colonization factor antigen (cfa). cfas were identified on 59% (40 of 68) of the isolates examined. the lack of a detectable cfa on 41% (28 of 68) of the isolates is of concern for the development of an effective etec vaccine. | 1997 | 9163506 |
| high susceptibility to collagen-induced arthritis in mice lacking ifn-gamma receptors. | collagen-induced arthritis (cia), an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis, is induced in dba/1 (h-2q) mice following immunization with type ii collagen (cii) in cfa. since we have previously shown that ifn-gamma exerts a biphasic effect during the evolution of cia in dba/1 mice, we analyzed the development of this disease in mice with a disruption of the ifn-gamma receptor gene (ifn-gammar(0/0)). mutant mice were interbred with the dba/1 strain to yield ifn-gammar(0/0) mice expressing the h-2q ... | 1997 | 9164973 |
| n-propionylated group b meningococcal polysaccharide mimics a unique bactericidal capsular epitope in group b neisseria meningitidis. | the n-propionylated group b meningococcal polysaccharide (nprgbmp) mimics a unique protective epitope on the surface of group b meningococci (gbm) and escherichia coli k1. using a series of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) induced by the nprgbmp-monomeric tetanus toxoid (tt) conjugate vaccine it was demonstrated that mabs having specificities for both extended and conventional short segments of the nprgbmp were formed, but only the former were bactericidal, and/or gave passive protection against liv ... | 1997 | 9166422 |
| [the financial costs of health care: a follow-up survey of women having a high-risk delivery]. | our aim was to analyze the financial costs of health care for women in labor transferred to primary referral maternity units in childbirth at risk. another aim was to consider the willingness of women and their husbands to financially save and support the increasing costs of health care. for 15 consecutive days, medical students interviewed all women transferred for a risky delivery in 12 of the 17 primary referral maternity units in burkina faso. the median cost for transferring the women and t ... | 2008 | 9172874 |
| use of type i and type iv hypersensitivity responses to define the immunopharmacological profile of drugs. | administration of antigen suspended in incomplete freund's adjuvant supplemented with either heat-killed mycobacterium tuberculosis (complete freund's adjuvant, cfa) or bordetella pertussis toxin sensitizes animals so that subsequent antigen challenge leads to delayed-type (dth) or immediate type hypersensitivity (ith) responses, named type iv and type i, respectively. appropriate timing of administration of drugs with respect to immunization or antigen challenge allowed to detect predominantly ... | 1997 | 9174984 |
| long-term effect of primary immunization on subsequent immune responsiveness. | specific antigen/adjuvant combinations preferentially induce type 1 or type 2 cytokine responses. for example, balb/c mice primed with tnp-ovalbumin in complete freund's adjuvant (tnp-ova/cfa) produce a type 2-dominated response characterized by the activation of il-4-secreting cells and the production of igg1 and ige anti-tnp antibodies. in contrast, mice primed with tnp conjugated to brucella abortus (tnp-ba) produce a type 1 response dominated by the secretion of ifn-gamma and igg2a anti-tnp ... | 1997 | 9178643 |
| cytokines, nerve growth factor and inflammatory hyperalgesia: the contribution of tumour necrosis factor alpha. | 1. peripheral inflammation is characterized by heightened pain sensitivity. this hyperalgesia is the consequence of the release of inflammatory mediators, cytokines and growth factors. a key participant is the induction of the neurotrophin nerve growth factor (ngf) by interleukin-1 beta (il-1 beta). 2. tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnf alpha) has been shown both to produce hyperalgesia and to upregulate il-1 beta. we have now examined whether the induction of tnf alpha in inflammatory lesions co ... | 1997 | 9179382 |
| diffuse adherence, st-i enterotoxin and cfa/iv colonization factor are encoded by the same plasmid in the escherichia coli o29:h21 strain. | escherichia coli o29:h21 is a human enterotoxigenic serotype that produces heat-stable (st-i) enterotoxin, adheres diffusely to hela cells, and presents colonization factor antigen iv (cfa/iv) composed of cs5cs6 surface antigens. in one strain studied the genes for diffuse adherence and cfa/iv (cs5cs6) production were found to be present in the same plasmid encoding st-i. the virulence plasmid (ent) presented two unrelated basic replicons homologous to repfic and repw. gene(s) encoding diffuse a ... | 1996 | 9181077 |
| tumor necrosis factor alpha and lymphotoxin alpha are not required for induction of acute experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. | immunization of mice with myelin components results in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), which is mediated by myelin-specific cd4(+) t cells and anti-myelin antibodies. tumor necrosis factor alpha (tnf-alpha) and lymphotoxin alpha (lt-alpha) are thought to be involved in the events leading to inflammatory demyelination in the central nervous system. to ascertain this hypothesis 129 x c57bl/6 mice with an inactivation of the tnf and lta genes (129 x c57bl/6(-/-)) and sjl/j mice der ... | 1997 | 9182689 |
| enteropathogens associated with diarrhea among military personnel during operation bright star 96, in alexandria, egypt. | this study investigated the microbial causes of diarrheal disease among u.s. troops deployed near alexandria, egypt, during october 1995. bacterial causes associated with 19 cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), 42% (21% heat-stable, 11% heat-labile, and 11% heat-stable/ heat-labile producers); enteropathogenic e. coli (5.3%); and enteroadherent e. coli (42%). four cases of diarrhea were associated with enteroaggregative e. coli based on probe analysis for enteroag ... | 1997 | 9183160 |
| inductive events in oral tolerance in the tcr transgenic adoptive transfer model. | oral administration of antigen induces a systemic hyporesponsiveness termed oral tolerance. high doses of oral antigen lead to deletion or anergy of t-cells whereas low doses induce regulatory t-cells that secrete th2 cytokines (il-4/il-10) and tgf-beta. the initiating events associated with oral tolerance have not been well characterized. we investigated the induction phase of oral tolerance by adoptively transferring ovalbulumin (ova) p (323-339) tcr specific transgenic (tg+) t-cells into balb ... | 1997 | 9184699 |
| association of retinal capillary perfusion with visual status during chronic glaucoma therapy. | the purpose of the study is to determine whether retinal microcirculation is associated with the degree of visual function in glaucomatous eyes receiving chronic bilateral medical therapy with topical beta-blockers. | 1997 | 9186445 |
| b7-2 requirement for helminth-induced granuloma formation and cd4 type 2 t helper cell cytokine expression. | b7 ligands on apcs engage cd28/ctla4 counter-receptors on t cells critical for t lymphocyte activation and functional differentiation of t helper subsets. to examine whether the ligands b7-1 (cd80) and b7-2 (cd86) affect gene expression of th2 cytokines and development of th2-mediated pathologic tissue reactions, mice were treated with anti-b7-1 or anti-b7-2 at the time of sensitization to footpad inoculation of schistosoma mansoni eggs or induction of pulmonary granuloma by i.v. injected eggs. ... | 1997 | 9190944 |
| experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in b10.bv8s2 transgenic mice: preferential usage of tcrav1 gene by lymphocytes responding to acetylcholine receptor. | multiple tcrbv genes have been implicated in experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) pathogenesis in susceptible h-2(b) strains of mice. we studied the contribution of specific tcrbv and av genes in eamg pathogenesis using b10.bv8s2 transgenic mice (h-2[b]). the tcr transgenic mice predominantly have tcrbv8s2 transgene, but can use any of the endogenous av gene repertoire. the transgenic mice were immunized with acetylcholine receptor (achr) in cfa and evaluated for eamg pathogenesis. a ... | 1997 | 9190955 |
| oral administration of lens homogenate suppresses antibody production in mice injected with beta-crystallin emulsified in cfa. | auto-antibodies (abs) against lens antigens (ags) are present in most patients with age-related cataract, and with complement they kill lens epithelial cells (lecs) in vitro. we studied, in an animal model, whether cytotoxic abs against lens ags can be suppressed by oral administration of the ags. mice were fed calf lens homogenate, 4 mg/mouse, every 4 days for 4-5 weeks, or bovine serum albumin (bsa) before and after immunisation with beta-crystallins emulsified in complete freund's adjuvant (c ... | 1997 | 9196389 |
| chagas' disease: an algorithm for donor screening and positive donor counseling. | classical serological screening assays for chagas' disease are time consuming and subjective. the objective of the present work is to evaluate the enzyme immuno-assay (elisa) methodology and to propose an algorithm for blood banks to be applied to chagas' disease. seven thousand, nine hundred and ninety nine blood donor samples were screened by both reverse passive hemagglutination (rpha) and indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa). samples reactive on rpha and/or ifa were submitted to supplemen ... | 1997 | 9197153 |
| reduction of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm circulating antigen after annual treatments of diethylcarbamazine combined with ivermectin in french polynesia. | circulating filarial antigen (cfa), determined with og4c3 elisa, is a marker of wuchereria bancrofti adult worm infection. the reduction of cfa over 2 years was determined in 185 microfilaremic and 111 amicrofilaremic but cfa+ adults given an annual dose of either diethylcarbamazine (dec) or ivermectin or the two combined. reduction of cfa level was good with dec but weak with ivermectin and followed the same pattern in amicrofilaremic and microfilaremic groups. combinations and dec alone had a ... | 1997 | 9203681 |
| [the study of immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma with anti-idiotypic antibody]. | to study the role of anti-idiotypic antibody in immunotherapy of ovarian carcinoma, and to investigate the effect of anti-idiotypic antibody (ab2) on ovarian carcinoma in vivo. | 1996 | 9206171 |
| induction of a cd8+ cytotoxic t lymphocyte response by cross-priming requires cognate cd4+ t cell help. | class i-restricted presentation is usually associated with cytoplasmic degradation of cellular proteins and is often considered inaccessible to exogenous antigens. nonetheless, certain exogenous elements can gain entry into this so-called endogenous pathway by a mechanism termed cross-presentation. this is known to be effective for class i-restricted cytotoxic t lymphocyte (ctl) cross-priming directed against a variety of exogenous tumor, viral, and minor transplantation antigens. the related ef ... | 0 | 9206998 |
| an antagonist of monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (mcp-1) inhibits arthritis in the mrl-lpr mouse model. | an antagonist of human monocyte chemoattractant protein (mcp)-1, which consists of mcp-1(9-76), had previously been characterized and shown to inhibit mcp-1 activity in vitro. to test the hypothesis that, by inhibiting endogenous mcp-1, the antagonist has antiinflammatory activity in vivo, we examined its effect in the mrl-lpr mouse model of arthritis. this strain spontaneously develops a chronic inflammatory arthritis that is similar to human rheumatoid arthritis. daily injection of the antagon ... | 1997 | 9207007 |
| treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis with genetically modified memory t cells. | the migratory properties of memory t cells provide a model vector system for site-specific delivery of therapeutic transgene factors to autoimmune inflammatory lesions. lymph node cells from (swrxsjl)f1 mice immunized with the p139-151 determinant of myelin proteolipid protein (plp) were transfected with a dna construct that placed the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (il-10) cdna under control of an antigen-inducible il-2 promoter region. isolated t cell clones demonstrated antigen-ind ... | 1997 | 9207010 |
| anatomical variants of the profunda femoris artery: an angiographic study. | the bifurcation of the common femoral artery (cfa) into superficial and profunda femoris arteries (pfa) and the branching pattern of the pfa are subject to considerable normal anatomical variation. these variation patterns were assessed on normal lower limb angiograms of 94 adult patients. the main pattern (in 81% of patients) consisted of both medial and lateral circumflex arteries arising directly from a pfa situated lateral or posterolateral to the femoral artery. previous studies of arterial ... | 1997 | 9210243 |
| z-100, extracted from mycobacterium tuberculosis strain aoyama b, inhibits the development of collagen-induced arthritis in mice. | we evaluated the effects of z-100, extracted from human type mycobacterium tuberculosis strain aoyama b, on collagen-induced arthritis (cia) in mice. one hundred thirty-five dba/1j mice, 8 weeks of age, were assigned to 9 groups and immunized with bovine type ii collagen (cii) or cfa. from the next day, z-100 at doses of 0.004, 0.04, or 0.4 mg/kg b.w./d for 48 d was intradermally injected into the tail base. methotrexate (mtx) at daily doses of 0.1, 0.3, or 1.0 mg/kg b.w. and cyclophosphamide (c ... | 1997 | 9212993 |
| bcg vaccination prevents insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) in nod mice after disease acceleration with cyclophosphamide. | we have previously shown that immunotherapy with complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) or bcg is highly effective in the prevention of spontaneous insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (iddm) and in circumventing the rejection of syngeneic islet grafts in diabetic nod mice. this protection is reversed by treatment with cyclophosphamide (cy). the present study was undertaken to determine the effect of bcg vaccination on the progression of cy-accelerated diabetes in nod mice and to understand the mechani ... | 1997 | 9218754 |
| longus pilus of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and its relatedness to other type-4 pili--a minireview. | longus is a long pilus produced by human enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) which shares significant structural and biochemical features with class-b type-4 pili. these pili include the toxin-coregulated pilus (tcp) of vibrio cholerae, the bundle-forming pilus (bfp) of enteropathogenic e. coli and both longus and the colonization factor antigen iii (cfa/iii) of etec. these pili are produced under defined growth conditions indicating that they are under the control of different regulatory el ... | 1997 | 9224872 |
| use of tn5-gusa5 to investigate environmental and nutritional effects on gene expression in the coronatine biosynthetic gene cluster of pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. | pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea pg4180 produces coronatine (cor), a chlorosis-inducing phytotoxin that consists of the polyketide coronafacic acid (cfa) coupled via an amide bond to the ethylcyclopropyl amino acid coronamic acid (cma). both cfa and cma function as intermediates in the pathway to coronatine, and genes encoding their synthesis have been localized: however, the precise factors that regulate the production of cor and its precursors remain unclear. in the present study, a lambda de ... | 1997 | 9226871 |
| interferon gamma (ifn-gamma) is necessary for the genesis of acetylcholine receptor-induced clinical experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis in mice. | experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis (eamg) is an animal model of human myasthenia gravis (mg). in mice, eamg is induced by immunization with torpedo californica acetylcholine receptor (achr) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa). however, the role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of eamg is not clear. because eamg is an antibody-mediated disease, it is of the prevailing notion that th2 but not th1 cytokines play a role in the pathogenesis of this disease. to test the hypothesis that the th1 ... | 1997 | 9236190 |
| noninvasive detection of iliac artery disease and prediction of its severity from doppler spectral analysis in common femoral artery. | the direct interrogation of iliac artery disease (iad) with color-coded duplex scanning is limited by the presence of intestinal gas or obesity. the purposes of this study were to examine the diagnostic accuracy of duplex ultrasound (dus) analysis of spectral waves in common femoral artery (cfa) for detection of iad and to predict its severity. dus and arteriography were performed in 107 lower extremities in this study. the following were calculated from the cfa spectral waves obtained by dus: p ... | 1997 | 9242159 |
| sef17 fimbriae are essential for the convoluted colonial morphology of salmonella enteritidis. | salmonella enteritidis isolated from poultry infections generated a convoluted colonial morphology after 48 h growth on colonisation factor antigen (cfa) agar at 25 degrees c. a mutant s. enteritidis defective for the elaboration of the sef17 fimbrial antigen, in which the agf gene cluster was inactivated by insertion of an ampicillin resistance gene cassette, and other wild-type s. enteritidis transduced to this genotype failed to produce convoluted colonies. however, growth of sef17- mutants a ... | 1997 | 9252570 |
| tolerance induction and autoimmune encephalomyelitis amelioration after administration of myelin basic protein-derived peptide. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae), a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, is an animal model of paralyzing human disease, multiple sclerosis. eae is readily induced by immunization with myelin basic protein (mbp) in mice transgenic for an alphabeta t cell receptor (tcr) that is specific for mbp. subcutaneous injection of p17 (a peptide consisting of 17 nh2-terminal aminoacids of mbp) in complete freund's adjuvant (cfa) causes paralysis. induction of paralysis is inh ... | 1997 | 9254649 |
| a t cell receptor antagonist peptide induces t cells that mediate bystander suppression and prevent autoimmune encephalomyelitis induced with multiple myelin antigens. | experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae) induced with myelin proteolipid protein (plp) residues 139-151 (hslgkwlghpdkf) can be prevented by treatment with a t cell receptor (tcr) antagonist peptide (l144/r147) generated by substituting at the two principal tcr contact residues in the encephalitogenic peptide. the tcr antagonist peptide blocks activation of encephalitogenic th1 helper cells in vitro, but the mechanisms by which the antagonist peptide blocks eae in vivo are not clear. immun ... | 1997 | 9256473 |
| recombinant human granzyme a binds to two putative hla-associated proteins and cleaves one of them. | the release of cytotoxic granule contents by cytotoxic t lymphocytes triggers apoptotic target cell death. cytotoxic granules contain a pore-forming protein, perforin, and a group of serine proteases called granzymes. we expressed human granzyme a in bacteria as a proenzyme capable of in vitro activation by enterokinase. the recombinant activated enzyme has catalytic activity against substrates with arg, preferably, or lys at the p1 position, comparable to trypsin. an enzymatically inactive reco ... | 1997 | 9256474 |
| acquired resistance to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis is independent of v beta usage. | in lewis rats, activated encephalitogenic t-helper cells elicit a single bout of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (eae). recovery from eae is marked by reduced susceptibility to disease reinduction. the purpose of this study was to determine whether a dominant expression of v beta gene segments by encephalitogenic t cells was required for development of recovery-associated resistance. several polyclonal and monoclonal t cell lines were derived from lewis rats sensitized with r72-86, a s ... | 1997 | 9259772 |
| linear epitopes of colonization factor antigen i and peptide vaccine approach to enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) cause diarrhea in infants and in travelers to developing countries. the bacteria utilize colonization factors (cf) for adherence to intestinal epithelia, then release toxins causing diarrhea. cf are strong immunogens as well as protective antigens. while 20 etec cf have been described in the literature, 11 cf are prominent enough to be considered for vaccine targeting. of this group, six of the members fall into the cfa/i family of cf. geysen pin (peptide) ... | 1997 | 9281854 |
| [legal format and costs of prescriptions at the central hospital in yaounde, cameroon]. | prescribing treatment is the last act of a medical visit. a prescription is a written document that engages the medical and legal responsibility not only of the physician but of all those subsequently involved in its execution. in countries with weaker economies and more limited health care insurance the costs of filling a prescription can place a heavy financial burden on the families. in the present study we analyzed 285 prescriptions written in the emergency room and outpatient clinic of cent ... | 1997 | 9289607 |
| oral feeding of renal tubular antigen abrogates interstitial nephritis and renal failure in brown norway rats. | we have examined whether oral feeding of antigen can regulate the expression of autoimmune interstitial nephritis induced by antigen-in-adjuvant (rta/cfa) immunization of brown norway rats. male rats were divided into six experimental groups: group i, rta/cfa immunization alone; groups ii, iii, and iv were pretreated with 1 mg (group ii), 5 mg (group iii), and 25 mg (group iv) of oral tubular antigen every other day for ten days, followed by rta/cfa immunization; group v was pretreated with a co ... | 1997 | 9291193 |