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Investigation of the Volatile Composition of Pinotage Wines Fermented with Different Malolactic Starter Cultures Using Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography Coupled to Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC×GC-TOF-MS).Headspace solid phase microextraction in combination with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC×GC-TOF-MS) was used for the detailed investigation of the impact of malolactic fermentation (MLF) using three commercial Oenococcus oeni strains on the volatile composition of Vitis vinifera cv. Pinotage wines. GC×GC allowed the identification of 115 volatile compounds, including both major constituents and trace-level compounds, i ...201122023396
urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin and total antioxidant capacity increase after the intake of a grape juice cv. tempranillo stabilized with hhp.red grapes contain elevated amounts of antioxidant compounds (polyphenols) that may potentially prevent cell aging, cardiovascular disease and oxidation-related disorders. since functional drinks are presently one of the most dynamic sectors of the market, the present work was aimed at evaluating the possible antioxidant effect of an experimental grape juice in terms of urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin (amt6-s) and total antioxidant capacity in young (20 ± 10 yr-old), middle-aged (45 ± 10 yr-old) an ...201222033761
ankaferd hemostat in the management of gastrointestinal hemorrhages.gastrointestinal (gi) bleeding refers to any hemorrhage ascribed to the pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract, extending from the mouth to the anal canal. despite the recent improvements in the endoscopic, hemostatic and adjuvant pharmacologic techniques, the reported mortality is still around 5%-10% for peptic ulcer bleeding and about 15%-20% for variceal hemorrhages. although endoscopic management reduces the rates of re-bleeding, surgery, and mortality in active bleeding; early recurrence ...201122046083
transcript and metabolite analysis in trincadeira cultivar reveals novel information regarding the dynamics of grape ripening.grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are economically the most important fruit crop worldwide. however, the complexity of molecular and biochemical events that lead to the onset of ripening of nonclimacteric fruits is not fully understood which is further complicated in grapes due to seasonal and cultivar specific variation. the portuguese wine variety trincadeira gives rise to high quality wines but presents extremely irregular berry ripening among seasons probably due to high susceptibility to abiotic a ...201122047180
physiological changes in green stems of vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay in response to esca proper and apoplexy revealed by proteomic and transcriptomic analyses.among grapevine trunk diseases, esca proper and apoplexy commonly represent a threat for viticulture worldwide. to retrieve further information about the mechanisms activated in apoplectic and esca proper-affected plants, a two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-de) based analysis was conducted on green stems from 26-year-old standing vines. symptomatic and asymptomatic stems from both apoplectic (a) and esca proper-affected (e) plants compared to control (without visual symptom since 10 years) ...201222050466
the orf3-encoded proteins of vitiviruses gva and gvb induce tubule-like and punctate structures during virus infection and localize to the plasmodesmata.the genomic rna of vitiviruses contains 5 open reading frames (orf). orf3 encodes a protein to which the function of a movement protein (mp) was assigned, based on sequence homology with other viral proteins. the aim of the research described in this paper was to gain further insight in distribution profile of the orf3 product encoded by the vitiviruses grapevine virus a (gva) and grapevine virus b (gvb). expression of the gva mp-gfp fusion protein via the virus genome in nicotiana benthamiana l ...201122051060
the phytoalexin resveratrol regulates the initiation of hypersensitive cell death in vitis cell.resveratrol is a major phytoalexin produced by plants in response to various stresses and promotes disease resistance. the resistance of north american grapevine vitis rupestris is correlated with a hypersensitive reaction (hr), while susceptible european vitis vinifera cv. 'pinot noir' does not exhibit hr, but expresses basal defence. we have shown previously that in cell lines derived from the two vitis species, the bacterial effector harpin induced a rapid and sensitive accumulation of stilbe ...201122053190
antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of selected egyptian medicinal plants.medicinal plants have been used as a source of remedies since ancient times in egypt. the present study was designed to investigate the antibacterial activity and the cytotoxicity of the organic extracts from 16 selected medicinal plants of egypt. the study was also extended to the isolation of the antiproliferative compound jaeschkeanadiol p-hydroxybenzoate (fh-25) from ferula hermonis. the microbroth dilution was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of the samples aga ...201122057918
a 48 snp set for grapevine cultivar identification.rapid and consistent genotyping is an important requirement for cultivar identification in many crop species. among them grapevine cultivars have been the subject of multiple studies given the large number of synonyms and homonyms generated during many centuries of vegetative multiplication and exchange. simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers have been preferred until now because of their high level of polymorphism, their codominant nature and their high profile repeatability. however, the rapid a ...201122060012
modeling cold curing of pierce's disease in vitis vinifera 'pinot noir' and 'cabernet sauvignon' grapevines in california.pierce's disease (pd) of vitis vinifera grapevines is caused by the bacterium xylella fastidiosa, a pathogen with a wide plant host range. exposure of x. fastidiosa-infected plant tissue to cold temperatures has been shown to be effective at eliminating the pathogen from some plant hosts such as grapevines. this "cold curing" phenomenon suggests itself as a potential method for disease management and perhaps control. we investigated cold therapy of pd-affected 'pinot noir' and 'cabernet sauvigno ...201122070280
changes in free and bound fractions of aroma compounds of four vitis vinifera cultivars at the last ripening stages.the volatile composition of white agudelo, blancolexitimo, godello and red serradelo cultivars (nw spain) harvested at two different stages of ripening have been evaluated. c(6)-compounds, alcohols, volatile fatty acids, monoterpenes, c(13)-norisoprenoids, volatile phenols and carbonyl compounds were identified and quantified in free and glycosidically bound forms by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms). the total volatile concentration showed a significant increase between the two ripen ...201222071134
Constitutive expression of a grapevine polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein affects gene expression and cell wall properties in uninfected tobacco.ABSTRACT:201122078230
detailed characterization of proanthocyanidins in skin, seeds, and wine of shiraz and cabernet sauvignon wine grapes (vitis vinifera).the distribution of proanthocyanidin (pa) polymer lengths, proanthocyanidin concentration at each polymer length, and polymer composition were determined in the seed, skin, and wine of shiraz and cabernet sauvignon grape berries grown in southeast australia. pa was fractionated by semipreparative high performance liquid chromatography (hplc) and analyzed by phloroglucinolysis and hplc to report the degree of polymerization (dp), concentration, and composition at 11 dp values in seed and wine and ...201122085086
evaluation of genetic dissimilarity in a segregating wine grape population.this study examined the genetic diversity present in a population obtained by crossing two very distinctive varieties of wine grapes (142 progeny from a riesling x cabernet sauvignon cross, including both parents, created at the university of california). the following list of morphological characters were evaluated and found to segregate in this population: cluster weight, cluster length, presence or absence of cluster wings, cluster wing length, number of berries, cluster density (cd), and ber ...201122095478
proteomic analysis of berry-sizing effect of ga3 on seedless vitis vinifera l.gibberellin (ga) is widely used in the table grape and raisin industries to enlarge the berries of seedless varieties. however, the mechanism underlying its berry-sizing effect is poorly understood. in this study, clusters of centennial seedless (vitis vinifera l.) were treated with 30 ppm ga3 on day 12 after flowering, and berries were sampled at development stages i, ii and iii for proteomic analysis. among the 1479 proteins detected on 2-de maps, 19, 70 and 69 spots in stages i, ii and iii, r ...201222095673
[construction of a bivalent plant expression vector carrying vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 genes and its genetic transformation in sugar beet].we have recombined genes vvsuc11, vvsuc12 from vitis vinifera l., and root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene from ipomoea batatas l. lam., named as sp1 and sp2. we have constructed a vector pcambia2301-sp1- vvsuc11-sp2-vvsuc12 using pcambia2301 as an original vector. vvsuc11 and vvsuc12 were under the control of root-specific promoters of sweet potato storage protein gene. we transformed the vector into kws-9103 breeding line of beta vulgaris l. with agrobacterium-mediated ...201122097805
molecular cloning and biochemical characterization of the udp-glucose: flavonoid 3-o-glucosyltransferase from concord grape (vitis labrusca).glucosylation of anthocyanidin substrates at the 3-o-position is crucial for the red pigmentation of grape berries and wine. the gene that encodes the enzyme involved in this reaction has been cloned from vitis labrusca cv. concord, heterologously expressed, and the recombinant enzyme (rvl3gt) was characterized. vl3gt has 96% amino acid sequence identity with vitis vinifera vv3gt and groups phylogenetically with several other flavonoid 3-o-glycosyltransferases. in vitro substrate specificity stu ...201222098678
developmental stage is an important factor that determines the antioxidant responses of young and old grapevine leaves under uv irradiation in a green-house.the impact of uv irradiation was studied on photosynthesis, photosystem ii photochemical yields and antioxidant responses using green-house grown grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. chardonnay) leaves. supplemental uv irradiation (280-400 nm) was centred in the uv-b region, and corresponded to 8.95 kj m⁻² d⁻¹ global (280-400 nm) or 8.04 kj m⁻² d⁻¹ uv-b (280-315 nm) biologically effective dose. uv irradiation was applied daily and its effects were evaluated after 4-days. younger (1-3 weeks-old) leav ...201222099515
Dietary agents in the prevention of alcohol-induced hepatotoxicty: preclinical observations.Long term alcohol consumption is one of the important causes for liver failure and death. To complicate the existing problem there are no dependable hepatoprotective drugs and a large number of patients prefer using complementary and alternative medicines for treating and managing hepatic complications. Almost 25 centuries ago, Hippocrates, the father of medicine, proclaimed "Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food." Exploring the association between diet and health continues even toda ...201122119904
Proteomic analysis of the compatible interaction between Vitis vinifera and Plasmopara viticola.We analyzed the proteome of grapevine (Vitis vinifera) leaves 24, 48 and 96h post infection (hpi) with the downy mildew pathogen Plasmopara viticola. Total proteins were separated on 2-DE gels. By MS analysis, we identified 82 unique grapevine proteins differentially expressed after infection. Upregulated proteins were often included in the functional categories of general metabolism and stress response, while proteins related to photosynthesis and energy production were mostly downregulated. As ...201122120121
structural and kinetic analysis of the unnatural fusion protein 4-coumaroyl-coa ligase::stilbene synthase.to increase the biochemical efficiency of biosynthetic systems, metabolic engineers have explored different approaches for organizing enzymes, including the generation of unnatural fusion proteins. previous work aimed at improving the biosynthesis of resveratrol, a stilbene associated a range of health-promoting activities, in yeast used an unnatural engineered fusion protein of arabidopsis thaliana (thale cress) 4-coumaroyl-coa ligase (at4cl1) and vitis vinifera (grape) stilbene synthase (v ...201122129213
enhanced anthocyanins and resveratrol production in vitis vinifera cell suspension culture by indanoyl-isoleucine, n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine and insect saliva.the effects of two synthetic elicitor indanoyl-isoleucine (in-ile), n-linolenoyl-l-glutamine (lin-gln) and one biotic elicitor insect saliva (from manduca sexta larvae) on plant cell cultures with respect to the induction of secondary metabolite production were investigated. stimulated production of secondary metabolites, particularly anthocyanins in plant cells and phenolic acids in culture medium, was studied by using suspension culture of vitis vinifera l. cv. gamay fréaux as a model system. ...201222133437
the timing and the mode of evolution of wild grapes (vitis).wild grapes are woody climbers, found mostly in temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, comprising the genus vitis. despite its importance, the evolutionary history of vitis is still contentious. past studies have led to conflicting hypotheses about the phylogeny, speciation events, and biogeographic history of the genus. here we investigate the evolutionary history of vitis using data from four chloroplast spacers (trnh-psba, trnk-rps16, trnf-nahj, and rpl32-trnl) and the nuclear gene rpb ...201222138159
cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of dihydrodipicolinate synthase from the grapevine vitis vinifera.dihydrodipicolinate synthase (dhdps) catalyses the first committed step of the lysine-biosynthesis pathway in bacteria, plants and some fungi. this study describes the cloning, expression, purification and crystallization of dhdps from the grapevine vitis vinifera (vv-dhdps). following in-drop cleavage of the hexahistidine tag, cocrystals of vv-dhdps with the substrate pyruvate were grown in 0.1 m bis-tris propane ph 8.2, 0.2 m sodium bromide, 20%(w/v) peg 3350. x-ray diffraction data in space g ...201122139160
a strategy to investigate the intravarietal genetic variability in vitis vinifera l. for clones and biotypes identification and to correlate molecular profiles with morphological traits or geographic origins.grapevine is the most economically important and widely cultivated fruit crop in the world. molecular markers have been used on vitis vinifera to distinguish among both varieties and clones. microsatellites are used to fingerprint varieties and several other techniques, reported in many papers, are used to analyze the differences among clones, but it is not available in the literature as a well defined strategy to screen a large number of vitis cultivars. in fact, it is often necessary to use di ...201222144069
modelling photosynthetic responses to temperature of grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. semillon) leaves on vines grown in a hot climate.field measurements of photosynthesis of vitis vinifera cv. semillon leaves in relation to a hot climate, and responses to photon flux densities (pfds) and internal co(2) concentrations (c(i) ) at leaf temperatures from 20 to 40 °c were undertaken. average rates of photosynthesis measured in situ decreased with increasing temperature and were 60% inhibited at 45 °c compared with 25 °c. this reduction in photosynthesis was attributed to 15-30% stomatal closure. light response curves at different t ...201222150771
genetic diversity of wild grapevine populations in spain and their genetic relationships with cultivated grapevines.the wild grapevine, vitis vinifera l. ssp. sylvestris (gmelin) hegi, considered as the ancestor of the cultivated grapevine, is native from eurasia. in spain, natural populations of v. vinifera ssp. sylvestris can still be found along river banks. in this work, we have performed a wide search of wild grapevine populations in spain and characterized the amount and distribution of their genetic diversity using 25 nuclear ssr loci. we have also analysed the possible coexistence in the natural habit ...201222151598
spatiotemporal variation of crown-scale stomatal conductance in an arid vitis vinifera l. cv. merlot vineyard: direct effects of hydraulic properties and indirect effects of canopy leaf area.vineyards were planted in the arid region of northwest china to meet the local economic strategy while reducing agricultural water use. sap flow, environmental variables, a plant characteristic (sapwood-to-leaf area ratio, a(s)/a(l)) and a canopy characteristic (leaf area index, l) were measured in a vineyard in the region during the growing season of 2009, and hourly canopy stomatal conductance (g(si)) was estimated for individual vines to quantify the relationships between g(si) and these vari ...201222157418
optimization of nir spectral data management for quality control of grape bunches during on-vine ripening.nir spectroscopy was used as a non-destructive technique for the assessment of chemical changes in the main internal quality properties of wine grapes (vitis vinifera l.) during on-vine ripening and at harvest. a total of 363 samples from 25 white and red grape varieties were used to construct quality-prediction models based on reference data and on nir spectral data obtained using a commercially-available diode-array spectrophotometer (380-1,700 nm). the feasibility of testing bunches of intact ...201122163944
genetic diversity in some grape varieties revealed by scot analyses.start codon targeted (scot) polymorphic markers were used to assess genetic relationships among 64 grape varieties. seventeen informative primers were selected from 36 scot primers based on their ability to produce clear and repeatable polymorphic and unambiguous bands among the varieties. a total of 131 bands were produced; 93.1% of them were polymorphic; the average polymorphism information content was 0.82. cluster analysis of scot markers through the unweighted pair-group method of arithmeti ...201222170600
synergistic antioxidant activity of green tea with some herbs.cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, etc. are caused by free radicals that are byproducts of metabolic pathways. selected plants namely vitis vinifera, phyllanthus emblica l., punica granatum, cinnamomum cassia, ginkgo biloba l., and camellia sinensis linn. are reported to produce antioxidant property. this study is undertaken to support the hypothesis that formulation of a polyherbal combination of these plants shows a synergistic effect with green tea. the extracts of each drug were cha ...201122171315
genetic mechanisms underlying the methylation level of anthocyanins in grape (vitis vinifera l.).plant color variation is due not only to the global pigment concentration but also to the proportion of different types of pigment. variation in the color spectrum may arise from secondary modifications, such as hydroxylation and methylation, affecting the chromatic properties of pigments. in grapes (vitis vinifera l.), the level of methylation modifies the stability and reactivity of anthocyanin, which directly influence the color of the berry. anthocyanin methylation, as a complex trait, is co ...201122171701
developmental parameters and seasonal phenology of calepitrimerus vitis (acari: eriophyidae) in wine grapes of western oregon.developmental parameters of protogyne calepitrimerus vitis (nalepa) (acari: eriophyidae) were determined at 12, 15, 17, 22, 25, 28, 31, and 34 °c to better understand seasonal activity, population growth, and ultimately more effectively manage pest mites in wine grapes. net reproductive rate (r(o)) was greater than zero at all temperatures with the maximum r(o) (9.72) at 25 °c. the lowest estimated r(o) (0.001) occurred at 34 °c. there was a gradual decrease in mean generation time (t) as temper ...201022182568
the e-class ppr protein mef3 of arabidopsis thaliana can also function in mitochondrial rna editing with an additional dyw domain.in plants, rna editing is observed in mitochondria and plastids, changing selected c nucleotides into us in both organelles. we here identify the ppr (pentatricopeptide repeat) protein mef3 (mitochondrial editing factor 3) of the e domain ppr subclass by genetic mapping of a variation between ecotypes columbia (col) and landsberg erecta (ler) in arabidopsis thaliana to be required for a specific rna editing event in mitochondria. the ler variant of mef3 differs from col in two amino acids in rep ...201222186180
the microbial ecology of wine grape berries.grapes have a complex microbial ecology including filamentous fungi, yeasts and bacteria with different physiological characteristics and effects upon wine production. some species are only found in grapes, such as parasitic fungi and environmental bacteria, while others have the ability to survive and grow in wines, constituting the wine microbial consortium. this consortium covers yeast species, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. the proportion of these microorganisms depends on th ...201122189021
increasing the source/sink ratio in vitis vinifera (cv sangiovese) induces extensive transcriptome reprogramming and modifies berry ripening.cluster thinning is an agronomic practice in which a proportion of berry clusters are removed from the vine to increase the source/sink ratio and improve the quality of the remaining berries. until now no transcriptomic data have been reported describing the mechanisms that underlie the agronomic and biochemical effects of thinning.201122192855
characterization of genomic sequence showing strong association with polyembryony among diverse citrus species and cultivars, and its synteny with vitis and populus.polyembryony, in which multiple somatic nucellar cell-derived embryos develop in addition to the zygotic embryo in a seed, is common in the genus citrus. previous genetic studies indicated polyembryony is mainly determined by a single locus, but the underlying molecular mechanism is still unclear. as a step towards identification and characterization of the gene or genes responsible for nucellar embryogenesis in citrus, haplotype-specific physical maps around the polyembryony locus were construc ...201222195586
stomatal response of an anisohydric grapevine cultivar to evaporative demand, available soil moisture and abscisic acid.stomatal responsiveness to evaporative demand (air vapour pressure deficit (vpd)) ranges widely between species and cultivars, and mechanisms for stomatal control in response to vpd remain obscure. the interaction of irrigation and soil moisture with vpd on stomatal conductance is particularly difficult to predict, but nevertheless is critical to instantaneous transpiration and vulnerability to desiccation. stomatal sensitivity to vpd and soil moisture was investigated in semillon, an anisohydri ...201222199014
fermented grape marc (fgm): immunomodulating properties and its potential exploitation in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.the onset of neurodegenerative diseases has become more frequent than in the past also in relation to inappropriate dietary habits adopted in the western world. nutraceuticals are currently investigated in order to prevent or retard the outcome of the so-called diet-related diseases, even including neurodegenerative pathologies. here, we have in vitro studied the ability of fermented grape marc (fgm) from negroamaro (n) and koshu (k) vitis vinifera to modulate the function of human peripheral bl ...201222211687
host plant suitability and feeding preferences of the grapevine pest abagrotis orbis (lepidoptera: noctuidae).thirteen plant species were tested for their suitability as hosts for abagrotis orbis (grote), a climbing cutworm pest of grapevines in british columbia. choice tests were also conducted to investigate larval feeding preferences for the brassicaceae species joi choi, brassica rapa variety. chinensis l., spring draba; draba verna l.; and shepherd's purse, capsella bursa-pastoris (l.) medik; compared with postdormant buds of grape, vitis vinifera l. (vitaceae), and leaves of nine other plant speci ...201122217761
vitis vinifera l. grape skin extract activates the insulin-signalling cascade and reduces hyperglycaemia in alloxan-induced diabetic mice.this study examined the effect of vitis vinifera grape skin extract (ach09) on hyperglycaemia and the insulin-signalling cascade in alloxan-treated mice.201122221103
differential effects of grape ( vitis vinifera ) skin polyphenolics on human platelet aggregation and low-density lipoprotein oxidation.antioxidant and antiplatelet properties of grape products are thought to be responsible for observed antiatherosclerotic effects. diverse classes of phenolics are derived from the seed and skin (gsk) of grapes. the relative contributions of the classes of phenolics to observed properties of grape products are unknown. in this paper, gsk fractions were used to examine effects on platelet aggregation, low-density lipoprotein (ldl) oxidation in vitro, and relative binding of phenolics to ldl. gsk w ...201222224546
fruit ripening in vitis vinifera: light intensity before and not during ripening determines the concentration of 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine in cabernet sauvignon berries.the roles of light and temperature in the accumulation of the vegetal impact compound 2-methoxy-3-isobutylpyrazine (mibp) in grape (vitis vinifera l.) berries were determined. individual clusters were exposed to various light intensities using neutral density shade cloth before ripening, during ripening or throughout the season in three growing seasons. a recently developed method using headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gc-ms in the selected ion-monitoring mode was employed to ...201222224579
monitoring melatonin and its isomer in vitis vinifera cv. malbec by uhplc-ms/ms from grape to bottle.several studies have shown the presence of melatonin and related compounds in grapes and wines. the latter provides evidence of the possibility to enhance the nutraceutical properties of premium wines. however, there are many external factors that can influence the levels of this indolamine in grape and wines. in this study, the monitoring of melatonin and its tentatively identified isomer was carried out during the entire winemaking process in vitis vinifera cv. malbec by ultra high-performance ...201222225625
cultivar-specific kinetics of gene induction during downy mildew early infection in grapevine.the oomycete pathogen plasmopara viticola (berk. et curt.) berl. et de toni is the causing agent of the destructive downy mildew disease in grapevine. despite the advances towards elucidation of grapevine resistance mechanisms to downy mildew, increased knowledge of the biological and genetic components of the pathosystem is important to design suitable breeding strategies. previously, a cdna microarray approach was used to compare two vitis vinifera genotypes regent and trincadeira (resistant a ...201222246600
vvbor1, the grapevine ortholog of atbor1 encodes an efflux boron transporter that is differentially expressed through reproductive development of vitis vinifera l.boron (b) is an essential micronutrient for normal development of roots, shoots and reproductive tissues in plants. due to its role in the rhamnogalacturonan ii structure, a polysaccharide required for pollen tube growth, deficiency of b has been associated to the occurrence of parthenocarpic seedless grapes in some varieties of vitis vinifera l. despite of that, is unclear how b is mobilized and accumulated in reproductive tissues. here we describe the characterization of an efflux b transporte ...201222247248
candidate genes within a 143 kb region of the flower sex locus in vitis.wild vitis species are dioecious plants, while the cultivated counterpart, vitis vinifera subspec. vinifera, generally shows hermaphroditic flowers. in vitis the genetic determinants of flower sex have previously been mapped to a region on chromosome 2. in a combined strategy of map-based cloning and the use of the publicly available grapevine reference genome sequence, the structure of the grapevine flower sex locus has been elucidated with the subsequent identification of candidate genes which ...201222258113
hepatoprotective effects of total triterpenoids and total flavonoids from vitis vinifera l against immunological liver injury in mice.suosuo grape (the fruits of vitis vinifera l) has been used for prevention and treatment of liver diseases in uighur folk medicine in china besides its edible value. in this study, the hepatoprotective effects of total triterpenoids (vtt) and total flavonoids (vtf) from suosuo grape were evaluated in bacille-calmette-guerin- (bcg-) plus-lipopolysaccharide- (lps-) induced immunological liver injury (ili) in mice. various dose groups (50, 150, and 300 mg/kg) of vtt and vtf alleviated the degree of ...201222262981
differences between sympatric populations of eotetranychus carpini collected from vitis vinifera and carpinus betulus: insights from host-switch experiments and molecular data.eotetranychus carpini (oudemans) is an important pest of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) in southern europe. this mite is also found on a number of different plants, including carpinus betulus l., which commonly occurs in stands and hedgerows bordering vineyards, where it may serve as a potential mite reservoir. the economic importance of this pest has motivated a number of studies aimed at investigating whether the mites found on v. vinifera and c. betulus are conspecific. the results obtained to ...201222270111
changes in sour rotten grape berry microbiota during ripening and wine fermentation.this study investigated the microbiota of sour rotten wine grapes and its impact on wine fermentations. yeasts, lactic acid bacteria (lab) and acetic acid bacteria (aab) were enumerated and identified on sound and sour rot grapes during the ripening stage. the alteration of the ecological balance induced by sour rot was particularly evidenced by the unequivocal increase of yeast and aab counts on rotten grapes, since the beginning of ripening. yeast and aab species diversity in rotten grape samp ...201222277696
metabolism of terpenes in the response of grape (vitis vinifera l.) leaf tissues to uv-b radiation.this study investigated the terpene profiles as determined by gc-eims analysis of in vitro cultured plants of vitis vinifera exposed to a "field-like" dose of uv-b (4.75 kj m(-2)d(-1)) administered at two different fluence rates (low, 16 h at 8.25 μw cm(-2), and high 4 h at 33 μw cm(-2)). low uv-b treatment increased levels of the membrane-related triterpenes sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol, more notable in young leaves, suggesting elicitation of a mechanism for grapevine acclimation. by con ...201222277733
high-throughput screening for anti-influenza a virus drugs and study of the mechanism of procyanidin on influenza a virus-induced autophagy.in this research, we have established a high-throughput screening (hts) platform based on the influenza a virus (iav) vrna promoter. using this hts platform, we selected 35 medicinal plants out of 83 examples of traditional chinese medicine and found that 7 examples had not been reported. after examining many previous reports, we found that vaccinium angustifolium ait., vitis vinifera l, and cinnamomum cassia presl had a common active compound, procyanidin, and then determined the anti-iav effec ...201222286278
the hepatoprotective effects of dihydromyrcenol and geranyl formate in an experimental model of acute hepatic injury induced by the use of carbon tetrachloride.we aimed to investigate the hepatoprotective effects of dihydromyrcenol and geranyl formate extracted from the vitis vinifera l. plant in a rat model of acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.201122287404
longidorus carniolensis sp. n. (nematoda, longidoridae) from vineyard soil in slovenia.a new needle nematode, longidorus carniolensissp. n., recovered from the soil around the roots of grapevine vitis vinifera l. from slovenia, is described and illustrated. longidorus carniolensisis an amphimictic species, characterised by females with a moderately long (l=5.6-8.2 mm) and plump (a=51-72.4, ave. 66.3) body, assuming a spiral to c-shape when heat relaxed. head region continuous, anteriorly almost flat, lip region 23-25 µm wide; guiding ring situated posteriorly (42-47 μm, 43-50 μm i ...201122287876
soil application of neonicotinoid insecticides for control of insect pests in wine grape vineyards.soil application of systemic neonicotinoid insecticides can provide opportunities for long-term control of insect pests in vineyards, with minimal risk of pesticide drift or worker exposure. this study compared the effectiveness of neonicotinoid insecticides applied via irrigation injection on key early-season and mid-season insect pests of vineyards in the eastern united states.201222290809
determination of genetic diversity of vitis vinifera cv. kabarcik populations from the coruh valley using ssr markers.northeastern turkey is recognized as one of the most important germplasm centers for the grape in the world. in the present study, simple sequence repeat markers were used to investigate the genetic diversity between four vitis vinifera cv. kabarcik populations sampled from the coruh valley in turkey, at altitudes of 800-1,150 m. the mean observed number of alleles per locus varied from 2 (loci vvmd7 and vvmd24) to 6 (vvs2) among populations. the population from the highest altitude showed the g ...201222298355
susceptibility to downy mildew in grape clusters: new microscopical and biochemical insights.grape clusters of different vitis genotypes, including vitis vinifera cvs chasselas and merlot, and two interspecific grape varieties, solaris (cvs. merzling* x (saperavi severneyi x muscat ottonel)) and 2091 (cvs. gamaret x bronner), are susceptible or resistant to downy mildew. these cultivars were inoculated with plasmopara viticola at three developmental stages (bbch stages 53, 69 and 75). samples were examined by scanning electron microscopy and the synthesis of stilbenes was measured. micr ...201222305077
r2r3 myb transcription factors: key regulators of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway in grapevine.flavonoids compose one of the most abundant and important subgroups of secondary metabolites with more than 6,000 compounds detected so far in higher plants. they are found in various compositions and concentrations in nearly all plant tissues. besides the attraction of pollinators and dispersers to fruits and flowers, flavonoids also protect against a plethora of stresses including pathogen attack, wounding and uv irradiation. flavonoid content and composition of fruits such as grapes, bilberri ...201222307206
colonization of vitis spp. wood by sgfp-transformed phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a tracheomycotic fungus involved in esca disease.to evaluate wood colonization and interactions with vitis spp. of phaeomoniella chlamydospora, a fungal agent involved in esca disease, isolate cbs 229.95 was transformed using a pct74 construct which contained the genetic markers for synthetic green fluorescent protein (sgfp) and hygromycin b phosphotransferase. nine stable p. chlamydospora fungal transformants (pch-sgfp lines) were obtained using polyethylene-glycol-mediated transformation of protoplasts. these were characterized for sgfp and ...201222316358
analysis of expressed sequence tags from grapevine flower and fruit and development of simple sequence repeat markers.a total of 6,230 est sequences were produced from 7,561 clones in a cdna library generated from grapevine (vitis vinifera cv. 'summer black') flower and fruit tissues in this study. after cluster and assembly analysis of the datasets, 3,582 unigenes (genbank accession numbers gw836604-gw840185) were established, among which 381 were new grapevine est sequences. out of the 381 new ests, 289 could be mapped on the 19 grapevine chromosomes. 913 unique ests with known or putative functions were assi ...201222318547
isolation and characterization of two hydroperoxide lyase genes from grape berries : hpl isogenes in vitis vinifera grapes.c6 compounds are the major fraction of the volatile profiles of grape berries, contributing the typical 'green' aroma to the grape and wine. hydroperoxide lyase (hpl) catalyzes the cleavage of fatty acid hydroperoxides to produce c6 compounds. two hypothetical genes, vvhpl1 and vvhpl2 were cloned from grape berries (vitis vinifera l. cabernet sauvignon). bioinformatics analysis revealed that the proteins encoded by these two genes both belong to subfamily of cytochrome p450 and contain typical c ...201222318551
antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of serbian red wines produced from international vitis vinifera grape varieties.antioxidant and antimicrobial potentials of serbian red wines produced from different international vitis vinifera grape varieties and their correlation with contents of phenolic compounds were studied by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods. the antioxidant activity of red wines was estimated through their ability to scavenge 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical (dpph(•) ). the red wines, gallic acid, (+)-catechin and quercetin were screened in vitro for antimicrobial activity ...201222318878
prevention of cutaneous damages induced by radiotherapy in breast cancer: an institutional experience.a minimal part of patients treated with radiotherapy on the entire breast may present an acute, subacute or chronic cutaneous damage of the healthy tissues involved in the radiation fields. the aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the most efficient topical hydrating treatment in the prevention of cutaneous radio-induced acute effects in breast cancer.201722322839
multi-enzyme production by pure and mixed cultures of saccharomyces and non-saccharomyces yeasts during wine fermentation.saccharomyces and non-saccharomyces yeasts release enzymes that are able to transform neutral compounds of grape berries into active aromatic compounds, a process that enhances the sensory attributes of wines. so far, there exists only little information about enzymatic activity in mixed cultures of saccharomyces and non-saccharomyces during grape must fermentations. the aim of the present work was to determine the ability of yeasts to produce extracellular enzymes of enological relevance (β-glu ...201222326141
subcellular localization and functional analyses of a pr10 protein gene from vitis pseudoreticulata in response to plasmopara viticola infection.downy mildew, caused by the oomycete plasmopara viticola, is a serious fungal disease in the cultivated european grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). the class 10 of pathogenesis-related (pr) genes in grapevine leaves was reported to be accumulated at mrna level in response to p. viticola infection. to elucidate the functional roles of pr10 genes during plant-pathogen interactions, a pr10 gene from a fungal-resistant accession of chinese wild vitis pseudoreticulata (designated vppr10.2) was isolated ...201322327469
a leaf gas exchange model that accounts for intra-canopy variability by considering leaf nitrogen content and local acclimation to radiation in grapevine (vitis vinifera l.).understanding the distribution of gas exchange within a plant is a prerequisite for scaling up from leaves to canopies. we evaluated whether leaf traits were reliable predictors of the effects of leaf ageing and leaf irradiance on leaf photosynthetic capacity (v(cmax) , j(max) ) in field-grown vines (vitis vinifera l). simultaneously, we measured gas exchange, leaf mass per area (lma) and nitrogen content (n(m) ) of leaves at different positions within the canopy and at different phenological st ...201222329397
rootstock control of scion transpiration and its acclimation to water deficit are controlled by different genes.the stomatal control of transpiration is one of the major strategies by which plants cope with water stress. here, we investigated the genetic architecture of the rootstock control of scion transpiration-related traits over a period of 3 yr. the rootstocks studied were full sibs from a controlled interspecific cross (vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon × vitis riparia cv. gloire de montpellier), onto which we grafted a single scion genotype. after 10 d without stress, the water supply was prog ...201222335501
unraveling the roles of cbf1, cbf4 and dehydrin 1 genes in the response of table grapes to high co₂ levels and low temperature.cbfs (c-repeat binding factors) are transcription factors that are rapidly induced by low temperature and that recognize the crt/dre element in the promoter of a set of cold regulated genes, the cbf regulon. dehydrins are proteins that accumulate in plants under stress conditions, such as low temperature, and some form part of the cbf regulon. to investigate their role in the response of table grape clusters to 0°c long storage as well as to 3-day high co₂ postharvest treatment, we isolated two ...201222341570
co-transformation of grapevine somatic embryos to produce transgenic plants free of marker genes.a cotransformation system using somatic embryos was developed to produce grapevines free of selectable marker genes. this was achieved by transforming vitis vinifera l. "thompson seedless" somatic embryos with a mixture of two agrobacterium strains. the first strain contained a binary plasmid with an egfp gene of interest between the t-dna borders. the second strain harbored the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptii) gene for positive selection and the cytosine deaminase (coda) gene for negative se ...201222351010
volatile composition and sensory properties of vitis vinifera red cultivars from north west spain: correlation between sensory and instrumental analysis.the aroma and volatile composition of wines from five red cultivars from nw spain (brancellao, mencía, merenzao, mouratón and sousón) have been studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (gc-ms) and sensory descriptive analysis (sda) during three consecutive vintages (2007-2009) in order to characterize these wines. in addition, relationships between the instrumental (volatile) and sensory variables were analyzed through the application of partial least squares regression (plsr). results re ...201222365127
trehalose metabolism is activated upon chilling in grapevine and might participate in burkholderia phytofirmans induced chilling tolerance.during the last decade, there has been growing interest in the role of trehalose metabolism in tolerance to abiotic stress in higher plants, especially cold stress. so far, this metabolism has not yet been studied in vitis vinifera l., despite the economic importance of this crop. the goal of this paper was to investigate the involvement of trehalose metabolism in the response of grapevine to chilling stress, and to compare the response in plants bacterised with burkholderia phytofirmans strain ...201222367062
genetic and biochemical differentiation in vitis vinifera (kabarcik) populations grown at different altitudes in coruh valley.we examined genetic differences of four vitis vinifera populations (a, b, c, d) including local kabarcik cultivar grown along an altitude gradient of 800, 900, 1000, and 1150 m above sea level in the coruh valley (800 m: a population; 900 m: b population; 1000 m: c population; 1150 m: d population). leaf samples were used for both rapd and fatty acid analysis. a total of 60 individuals with 15 individuals per population were included in this study. rapd analyses showed various band sizes, which ...201222370888
interactions between light and growing season temperatures on, growth and development and gas exchange of semillon (vitis vinifera l.) vines grown in an irrigated vineyard.high-light intensities and temperatures of the warm climate regions of australia and elsewhere have a major effect on the growth and development of grapevines (vitis vinifera l.). the objective of this research was to assess interactions between the light and seasonal temperatures by shading some vines and comparing these with vines exposed to high-light intensities. canopy temperatures were monitored using infrared radiometers and budbreak, phenology, growth, yield, berry ripening and gas excha ...201222381656
instability of anthocyanin composition under different subculture conditions during long-term suspension cultures of vitis vinifera l. var. gamay fréaux.the instability of secondary metabolite production is a ubiquitous problem in plant cell culture. in order to understand the instability in plant cell culture, we investigated anthocyanin accumulation in suspension cultures of vitis vinifera, as a model system, in our laboratory. not only the anthocyanin contents but also its composition exhibited instability along with the long-term subculture. new methods were developed to indicate the instability of plant cell culture. both the definition of ...201122393716
separation and identification of highly fluorescent compounds derived from trans-resveratrol in the leaves of vitis vinifera infected by plasmopara viticola.a method for identification of highly fluorescent compounds in vine leaves infected by plasmopara viticola was developed using reversed phase liquid chromatography with simultaneous diode array and fluorometric detection. fluorescent compounds were extracted from leaves with a methanol-water mixture (70:30). separation by hplc was performed using a c(18) column and gradient elution with water-acetonitrile mixtures (20-80% of acetonitrile). the main unknown fluorescent compound was identified by ...201222395406
structural characterization of polysaccharides isolated from grape stalks of vitis vinifera l.the main structural polysaccharides of grape stalks are cellulose, heteroxylan, and glucan. cellulose contributes 30.3% of grape stalk matter and has an unusually high degree of the crystallinity (75.4%). among hemicelluloses, xylan was the most abundant one, contributing ∼12% to the weight. the heteroxylan was isolated from the corresponding peracetic holocellulose by dmso extraction followed by precipitation in ethanol. the m(w) of heteroxylan (19.0 kda) was assessed by size exclusion chromato ...201222398255
characterization of the aba signal transduction pathway in vitis vinifera.the plant hormone abscisic acid (aba) regulates many key processes in plants including the response to abiotic stress. aba signal transduction consists of a double-negative regulatory mechanism, whereby aba-bound pyr/rcars inhibit pp2c activity, and pp2cs inactivate snrk2s. we studied and analyzed the various genes participating in the aba signaling cascade of the grape (vitis vinifera). the grape aba signal transduction consists of at least six snrk2s. yeast two-hybrid system was used to test d ...201222404836
antispila oinophylla new species (lepidoptera, heliozelidae), a new north american grapevine leafminer invading italian vineyards: taxonomy, dna barcodes and life cycle.a grapevine leafminer antispila oinophylla van nieukerken & wagner, sp. n., is described both from eastern north america (type locality: georgia) and as a new important invader in north italian vineyards (trentino and veneto region) since 2006. the species is closely related to, and previously confused with antispila ampelopsifoliella chambers, 1874, a species feeding on virginia creeper parthenocissus quinquefolia (l.) planchon., and both are placed in an informal antispila ampelopsifoliella gr ...201222408380
stereoselective dissipation of epoxiconazole in grape (vitis vinifera cv. kyoho) and soil under field conditions.stereoselective dissipation of epoxiconazole had been studied in grape and soil during plant growing under field conditions in this paper. a sensitive and rapid chiral method was developed and validated for the determination of epoxiconazole stereoisomers in grape and soil based on liquid chromatography coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). phenomenex lux cellulose-1 column was used for enantioseparation with a mixture of acetonitrile/water (90/10, v/v) as mobile phase at ...201222414382
polymeric proanthocyanidins in skins and seeds of 37 vitis vinifera l. cultivars: a methodological comparative study.the polymeric proanthocyanidins (pas) composition of skins and seeds from different vitis vinifera l. cv. was evaluated, sampling 37 cultivar, preserved in the grapevine collection of grinzane cavour (piedmont, italy). pas were quantified using both spectrophotometric (n-butanol and vanillin assay) and chromatographic (high-performance liquid chromatography [hplc]) methods, and the evaluation of their antioxidant activity was performed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (dpph) scavenging as ...201622417421
phenolic concentrations and antioxidant properties of wines made from north american grapes grown in china.the characteristics of wine phenolics found in several north american and (for comparison) european grape cultivars grown in china were analyzed. this was done to find non-vitis vinifera wines with prominent features in order to diversify the kinds of wines. the phenolic richness and antioxidant activity decreased in the order: red > rose > white wines. in the red wines, the american grape 'cynthiana' had the highest total concentrations of phenols, anthocyanins, flavonols and phenolic acids, as ...201222418931
combined elicitation of methyl-jasmonate and red light on stilbene and anthocyanin biosynthesis.vitis vinifera cell suspensions are a suitable system to study the metabolic regulation of a large range of polyphenols, including flavonoids and stilbenes that play important roles in plant development. grape cv. barbera petioles cell cultures were treated with red light and 10 μm methyl-jasmonate (meja), alone or in combination, to investigate their influence and/or induction effect on the production of anthocyanins, catechins and free and mono-glucosylated stilbenes. the synthesis of total an ...201222424571
does homeostasis or disturbance of homeostasis in minimum leaf water potential explain the isohydric versus anisohydric behavior of vitis vinifera l. cultivars? 201222427373
transposable elements are a major cause of somatic polymorphism in vitis vinifera l.through multiple vegetative propagation cycles, clones accumulate mutations in somatic cells that are at the origin of clonal phenotypic diversity in grape. clonal diversity provided clones such as cabernet-sauvignon n°470, chardonnay n° 548 and pinot noir n° 777 which all produce wines of superior quality. the economic impact of clonal selection is therefore very high: since approx. 95% of the grapevines produced in french nurseries originate from the french clonal selection. in this study we p ...201222427919
grapevine aquaporins: gating of a tonoplast intrinsic protein (tip2;1) by cytosolic ph.grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) is one of the oldest and most important perennial crops being considered as a fruit ligneous tree model system in which the water status appears crucial for high fruit and wine quality, controlling productivity and alcohol level. v. vinifera genome contains 28 genes coding for aquaporins, which acting in a concerted and regulated manner appear relevant for plant withstanding extremely unfavorable drought conditions essential for the quality of berries and wine. seve ...201222427995
ancestral synteny shared between distantly-related plant species from the asterid (coffea canephora and solanum sp.) and rosid (vitis vinifera) clades.coffee trees (rubiaceae) and tomato (solanaceae) belong to the asterid clade, while grapevine (vitaceae) belongs to the rosid clade. coffee and tomato separated from grapevine 125 million years ago, while coffee and tomato diverged 83-89 million years ago. these long periods of divergent evolution should have permitted the genomes to reorganize significantly. so far, very few comparative mappings have been performed between very distantly related species belonging to different clades. we report ...201222433423
protective effect of öküzgözü (vitis vinifera l. cv.) grape juice against carbon tetrachloride induced oxidative stress in rats.the consumption of fruits plays an important role as a health protecting factor. grapes (vitis vinifera l.) are believed to have health benefits due to their antioxidant activity. öküzgözü is the largest among the grape varieties grown in turkey. carbon tetrachloride (ccl₄) causes free radical generation in many tissues such as the liver, kidney, heart, lung, testis, brain and blood. ursodeoxycholic acid (udca) is the only drug to treat primary biliary cirrhosis, but the effects remain controver ...201222434241
virus-derived gene expression and rna interference vector for grapevine.the improvement of the agricultural and wine-making qualities of the grapevine (vitis vinifera) is hampered by adherence to traditional varieties, the recalcitrance of this plant to genetic modifications, and public resistance to genetically modified organism (gmo) technologies. to address these challenges, we developed an rna virus-based vector for the introduction of desired traits into grapevine without heritable modifications to the genome. this vector expresses recombinant proteins in the p ...201222438553
characterization and differential expression analysis of complete coding sequences of vitis vinifera l. sirtuin genes.the sirtuin/sir2 (silent information regulator 2) family of nad+-dependent deacetylases and mono-adp-ribosyltransferases plays an important role in several cellular processes including gene silencing, cell cycle regulation and life span extension in yeast and animals. compared to other eukaryotes, plants have relatively fewer sir2 related genes encoding only two putative sir2 family proteins. recently, two putative sirtuin genes were identified also in the grapevine genome. starting from the pre ...201222446584
no evidence for an open vessel effect in centrifuge-based vulnerability curves of a long-vesselled liana (vitis vinifera).vulnerability to cavitation curves are used to estimate xylem cavitation resistance and can be constructed using multiple techniques. it was recently suggested that a technique that relies on centrifugal force to generate negative xylem pressures may be susceptible to an open vessel artifact in long-vesselled species. here, we used custom centrifuge rotors to measure different sample lengths of 1-yr-old stems of grapevine to examine the influence of open vessels on vulnerability curves, thus tes ...201222448870
contrasting physiological effects of partial root zone drying in field-grown grapevine (vitis vinifera l. cv. monastrell) according to total soil water availability.different spatial distributions of soil moisture were imposed on field-grown grapevines by applying the same irrigation volumes to the entire (di; deficit irrigation) or part of the (prd; partial root zone drying) root zone. five treatments were applied: controls irrigated at 60% etc (crop evapotranspiration) for the whole season (308 mm year(-1)); di-1 and prd-1 that received the same irrigation as controls before fruit set, 30% etc from fruit set to harvest and 45% etc post-harvest (192 mm yea ...201222451721
identification of micrornas from amur grape (vitis amurensis rupr.) by deep sequencing and analysis of microrna variations with bioinformatics.microrna (mirna) is a class of functional non-coding small rna with 19-25 nucleotides in length while amur grape (vitis amurensis rupr.) is an important wild fruit crop with the strongest cold resistance among the vitis species, is used as an excellent breeding parent for grapevine, and has elicited growing interest in wine production. to date, there is a relatively large number of grapevine mirnas (vv-mirnas) from cultivated grapevine varieties such as vitis vinifera l. and hybrids of v. vinife ...201222455456
light quality affects flavonoid biosynthesis in young berries of cabernet sauvignon grape.biosynthesis of phenolic compounds is known to be sensitive to light environments, which reflects the possible role of these compounds for photoprotection in plants. herein, the effects of uv and visible light on biosynthesis of flavonoids was investigated, i.e., proanthocyanidins (pas) and flavonols, in young berry skins of a red-wine grape, vitis vinifera cv. cabernet sauvignon. shading with light-proof boxes from the flowering stage until 49 days after treatment (dat) partially decreased pa c ...201222455871
antithrombin effect of polyphenol-rich extracts from black chokeberry and grape seeds.thrombin is a serine protease that cleaves the peptide bonds in proteins located on the carboxyl side of arginine. thrombin plays a central role in thromboembolic diseases, which are the major cause of mortality. the aim of the study was to estimate the effects of plant extracts on proteolytic properties of thrombin. thrombin was incubated with polyphenol-rich extracts from berries of aronia melanocarpa or seeds of vitis vinifera (0.5, 5, 50 µg/ml) and with polyphenols ((+)-catechin, (-)-epicate ...201322473647
reductions in biomass accumulation, photosynthesis in situ and net carbon balance are the costs of protecting vitis vinifera 'semillon' grapevines from heat stress with shade covering.covering whole vines with shade cloth is used to protect the vines from heat stress, but may have costs on vine productivity through reduced light availability. our aim was to assess the carbon balance of vines growing with and without shade to quantify the impact of the covering.201122476493
phenolic contents and compositions in skins of red wine grape cultivars among various genetic backgrounds and originations.in order to analyze and compare the phenolic characteristics of red wine grapes with diverse genetic backgrounds, skin phenolics among 21 different cultivars belonging to vitis vinifera l., east asian and north american vitis species and hybrids, as well as 2 varieties of muscadine grapes were estimated by hplc-ms/ms. there were 45 anthocyanins, 28 flavonols, 8 flavan-3-ols, 9 cinnamic acids, 5 benzoic acids, 5 ellagic acids and 2 stilbenes detected in all the samples. total contents of each phe ...201222489164
stabilization of erythrocytes against oxidative and hypotonic stress by tannins isolated from sumac leaves (rhus typhina l.) and grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.).erythrocytes are constantly exposed to ros due to their function in the organism. high tension of oxygen, presence of hemoglobin iron and high concentration of polyunsaturated fatty acids in membrane make erythrocytes especially susceptible to oxidative stress. a comparison of the antioxidant activities of polyphenol-rich plant extracts containing hydrolysable tannins from sumac leaves (rhus typhina l.) and condensed tannins from grape seeds (vitis vinifera l.) showed that at the 5-50 μg/ml conc ...201222491984
fungal endophytic communities in grapevines (vitis vinifera l.) respond to crop management.we studied the distribution of fungal endophytes of grapevine (vitis vinifera l.) plants in a subalpine area of northern italy, where viticulture is of high economic relevance. we adopted both cultivation-based and cultivation-independent approaches to address how various anthropic and nonanthropic factors shape microbial communities. grapevine stems were harvested from several locations considering organic and integrated pest management (ipm) and from the cultivars merlot and chardonnay. cultiv ...201222492448
effect of harvesting system and fruit cold storage on virgin olive oil chemical composition and quality of superintensive cultivated 'arbequina' olives.storage at 3 and 18 °c of 'arbequina' olives (olea europaea l.) cultivated in hedgerows and harvested manually or mechanically (wine grape harvester) was tested. fruit characteristics and oil quality were monitored. mechanical harvesting caused internal fruit damage that induced its rapid softening and decay, but also facilitated obtaining higher amounts of oil, which suffered a rapid deterioration during fruit storage. this oil presented lower tocopherol and phenol contents and lower oxidative ...201222506860
differentiation of vitis vinifera l. and hybrid red grapes by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry analysis of berry skin anthocyanins.among the methods that have been developed for anthocyanin characterization, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) offers several analytical advantages in terms of speed, minimal sample handling, specificity, and reliability, without requiring any previous chromatographic separation. this study used maldi-tof ms to profile the anthocyanins from the berry skins of 23 red grape varieties clustered as (i) authentic vitis vinifera grapes, (ii) am ...201222512639
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