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effect of the menstrual cycle on detection and typing of human papillomavirus in uterine cervical cells.we observe fluctuations in human papillomavirus detection and variation in genotyping between sequential cervical cell specimens analyzed by filter in situ hybridization. furthermore, specimen adequacy for analysis varies. to determine whether these phenomena are correlated with menstrual cycle stage at the time of sampling, we analyzed cervical cell specimens from women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. specimens were categorized on the basis of a 28-day menstrual cycle and were analyzed ...19902158233
oncogenic transformation by human papillomavirus type 16 deoxyribonucleic acid in the presence of progesterone or progestins from oral contraceptives.compelling evidence supports a role of certain types of human papillomaviruses as the cause of cervical cancer. in addition to human papillomaviruses, other agents, such as hormones, have been implicated as cofactors in this type of neoplasia. in this study we provide evidence for oncogenic transformation of primary baby rat kidney cells by human papillomavirus type 16 deoxyribonucleic acid plus ras oncogene in the presence of progesterone but not estrogen. integrated and intact human papillomav ...19902158235
synthesis in vitro and application of biotinylated dna probes for human papilloma virus type 16 by utilizing the polymerase chain reaction.the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) has been used to incorporate biotinylated deoxynucleotide triphosphate analogues into a 120 bp sequence from the e6 region of human papilloma virus type 16 (hpv 16). no loss of amplification efficiency is observed utilizing concentrations of up to 200 microm-biotin-11-dutp, or 180 microm-biotin-7-datp and -biotin-16-dutp (where the numbers refer to the number of carbon atoms in the spacer arms). internally biotinylated pcr products can be detected following sl ...19902158305
is papillomavirus detectable in the plume of laser-treated laryngeal papilloma?the carbon dioxide laser is widely used for the vaporization of lesions in patients with laryngeal papillomatosis. in this study, the smoke plume resulting from the laser treatment of laryngeal papillomas was analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus dna. plumes were collected with a suction tip and trapped in phosphate-buffered saline. the aspirates were then analyzed for the presence of human papillomavirus dna by southern blot hybridization. human papillomavirus dna cannot be detected ...19902158332
study of stringency conditions for human papillomavirus dna detection on cell lines, frozen and paraffin-embedded tissue sections by in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes.in situ hybridization was mainly used for typing human papillomavirus (hpv) in paraffin-embedded or frozen sections under stringent conditions (sc). we tested 5 different conditions of stringency with biotinylated hpv 1, 2, 16 and 18 probes on 3 cell lines (sihà and caski with hpv16, hela with hpv18) by varying the concentration of formamide in the hybridization mixture and washings in order to determine the stringency conditions to be used to assess the presence of hpv and its typing: a-low str ...19902158491
the short arm of chromosome 11 likely is involved in the regulation of the human papillomavirus type 16 early enhancer-promoter and in the suppression of the transforming activity of the viral dna.loci on the short arm of chromosome 11 between 11p11 and 11p15 likely are involved directly or indirectly in the regulation of the hpv-16 enhancer-promoter strength and this may contribute to the control of the level of viral early gene expression. transient expression assays have shown that the hpv-16 enhancer-promoter functions much stronger in fibroblasts in which this region of chromosome 11 (del-11 cells) is deleted than in normal diploid human embryonic fibroblasts. the differential regula ...19902158686
prevalence of human papillomavirus infections in term pregnancy.the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infections in the lower genital tracts of pregnant and nonpregnant women was studied. cervical and vaginal exfoliated cells were obtained during a routine pelvic examination in 45 pregnant women in early labor, and in 44 nonpregnant women. a detailed questionnaire with emphasis on sexual history and sexually transmitted diseases was administered. the two groups of women were comparable with respect to mean age, prior pregnancy experiences, and number ...19902158782
immunoreactive alpha interferon in cervical flat koilocytic lesions and intraepithelial neoplasia.immunocytochemical staining for alpha-interferon was carried out on cervical biopsy specimens showing non-condylomatous koilocytic atypia (n = 12) and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (n = 18), both of which are associated with human papilloma virus (hpv) infection. normal cervical tissue obtained from hysterectomy specimens was also assessed. koilocytes were not immunoreactive for alpha interferon and keratinocyte staining was observed in only four cases of intraepithelial neoplasia. hpv infe ...19902159031
detection of human papillomavirus in cervical exfoliated cells by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method. 19902159038
a histological and immunohistological study of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia in relation to recurrence after local treatment.a retrospective histological study was performed on 23 patients who had presented with recurrent cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) 18 months or more after apparently adequate local destructive treatment and a comparable control group of 23 patients who had no recurrence at 18 months. all recurrences were in women with cin 3. detailed examination of pretreatment biopsies showed that there were significant differences in both the extent of crypt involvement (p less than 0.01) and maximum de ...19902159317
prevalence of human papillomavirus types 11, 16 and 18 in cervical swabs. a study of 1362 pregnant women.cervical smears from 1362 pregnant women were examined by filter in situ hybridisation for human papillomavirus (hpv) types 11, 16 and 18. 119 women (8.7%) had hpv-positive smears, hpv 16 being the most common type (61% of all infections). there was a correlation with age (r = 0.63, p = 0.004), the highest incidence found in women less than 22 years old with a decline after the age of 30. the incidence of cervical hpv infection was significantly higher (20.3%, p less than 0.01) in the subgroup o ...19902159427
association of oral contraceptive use and human papillomaviruses in invasive cervical cancers.in a study of 197 cases of histologically confirmed invasive cervical cancer, 61% of biopsies were positive for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna by southern or dot-blot hybridization. an association between detection of hpv dna and oral contraceptive use was observed when hpv-positive and -negative cases were compared. women reporting recent or long-term (greater than 4 yrs) oral contraceptive use were at 2.3 and 2.9-fold increased risks of hpv positivity, respectively. an increased risk of hpv po ...19902159437
amplification and typing of multiple cervical cancer-associated human papillomavirus dnas using a single pair of primers. 19902159444
mutational analysis of cis elements involved in e2 modulation of human papillomavirus type 16 p97 and type 18 p105 promoters.cis-acting elements involved in e2 modulation of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) p97 promoter activity and hpv-18 p105 promoter activity were examined. in transfected primary human keratinocytes, each promoter had a basal activity that could be repressed by the bovine papillomavirus type 1 e2 gene product. mutational analysis of the e2-binding sites in the long control region upstream of each promoter revealed that e2 repression was mediated through the e2-binding sites proximal to each pr ...19902159546
human papillomavirus type 1 produces redundant as well as polycistronic mrnas in plantar warts.human papillomavirus type 1 (hpv-1) causes plantar warts. on the basis of previously mapped mrnas and sequence homologies of hpv-1 to other papillomaviruses, we designed oligonucleotide primers and employed the polymerase chain reaction to recover hpv-1 cdnas from plantar warts. seven spliced rna species were characterized, including three not previously detected, and the coding potentials of each were deduced. the most abundant viral mrna encodes an e1i--e4 protein. one new species is predicted ...19902159571
detection of human papillomavirus dna in cytologic specimens derived from esophageal precancer lesions and cancer.a series of 80 esophageal cytologic specimens derived from the same number of patients with previously diagnosed squamous cell dysplasia of the esophagus were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection by filter in situ hybridization (fish), using a mixed dna probe containing hpv types 11, 16, and 18. all the patients came from an area at high risk for esophageal cancer in china. a total of 53 cases (66.3%) were demonstrated as hpv-dna-positive. hpv dna was detected in 22. ...19902159655
dna isolation and southern analysis: a clinician's view.dna isolation and southern blot analysis are two of the many techniques currently being used routinely by molecular biologists to discover genetic defects that affect human health. together these two techniques have greatly aided in the growing knowledge of genetics on a molecular level. southern blotting can be used to discern genetic deletions, alterations, or amplifications that are not detectable by cytogenetic methods. several examples of the clinical applications of these methods are discu ...19902159712
human papillomavirus type 16/18 in uterine cervical adenocarcinoma in situ and adenocarcinoma. a study by in situ hybridization with biotinylated dna probes.the distribution of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna type 16/18 in the paraffin sections of 11 adenocarcinomas (ac), 4 adenocarcinomas in situ (ais), and 2 adenosquamous carcinomas (ac/scc) of the cervix was examined by in situ hybridization (ish) with biotinylated dna probes (b-probes). four ac, four ais, and one ac/scc were positive. these results show that b-probes are an acceptable alternative to both ish with radiolabeled probes and southern blot hybridization (sbh), which are difficult to ap ...19902159841
anal intraepithelial neoplasia and anal papillomavirus infection among homosexual males with group iv hiv disease.ninety-seven male homosexuals with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome or other group iv human immunodeficiency virus disease were studied for anal human papillomavirus infection and intra-anal cytological abnormalities. human papillomavirus dna was detected in 52 subjects (54%), and 38 subjects (39%) were found to have abnormal anal cytological findings; anal intraepithelial neoplasia was detected in 15 specimens (15%). abnormalities on anal cytological smear were significantly associated wi ...19902160023
calyculin a, an inhibitor of protein phosphatases, a potent tumor promoter on cd-1 mouse skin.calyculin a, isolated from a marine sponge, has a novel spiro ketal skeleton. structurally unrelated to okadaic acid, calyculin a bound to the okadaic acid receptors in particulate and soluble fractions of mouse skin. the biochemical and tumor-promoting activities of calyculin a were studied with those of okadaic acid. calyculin a inhibited the activity of protein phosphatases, which serve as the okadaic acid receptors. the effective dose of calyculin a for 50% inhibition was 0.3 nm, similar to ...19902160320
cutaneous metastatic lymphangitis from squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.a case of cutaneous metastatic lymphangitis which appeared during the unusual evolution of a cervix carcinoma is reported. dna sequences of no. 18 human papilloma virus (hpv) were isolated in both vaginal and cutaneous specimens. the hypothesis that a particular evolution of invasive cervix carcinomas might be related to the type of associated hpv is suggested.19902160377
human papillomavirus detection in cervical lesions nondiagnostic for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: correlation with papanicolaou smear, colposcopy, and occurrence of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.human papillomavirus (hpv) is associated with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin) and carcinomas. the present study involved women who had an abnormal papanicolaou smear and whose cervix contained acetowhite area(s) that lacked the histologic features of cin. sequences homologous to hpv dna, determined by southern blot hybridization analysis, were detected in 20 of 59 cervical biopsy specimens (34%) that lacked the histologic features of cin. when compared with the group in which hpv dna wa ...19902160630
role of human papillomavirus in the pathogenesis of genital tract warts and cancer.during the last decade a large number of clinical, epidemiological, and experimental studies have elucidated the role of hpv in the pathogenesis of anogenital cancer. although the clinical and epidemiological studies have been criticized for a variety of technical and design shortcomings, for the most part they have independently reached the same conclusion--there is a strong association between the presence of specific types of hpv and the development of anogenital cancer. similarly, laboratory ...19902160903
uniformity of the splicing pattern of the e6/e7 transcripts in human papillomavirus type 16-transformed human fibroblasts, human cervical premalignant lesions and carcinomas.we utilized the rna polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to analyse the transcripts of the e6/e7 open reading frames of human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16). total rna was isolated from 14 cervical squamous carcinomas, nine cervical intraepithelial neoplasias and from human fibroblasts transformed with different hpv-16 constructs. in all specimens two spliced transcripts were detected. sequence analysis of the cloned pcr products showed that both transcripts were generated by splicing out an intron ...19902161056
pork intake and human papillomavirus-related disease.clinical and ecological evidence supporting an association between human papillomavirus (hpv)-related tumors and dietary factors are presented. abstinence from high intake of fried pork (600-1,000 g/day) was associated with regression of an urethral condyloma in a healthy 19-year-old man treated with interferon gamma. international correlations suggest that pork intake is positively associated with incidence of cervical cancer, a disease also related to hpv. pork meat or dietary factors associat ...19902161100
a major transcript of human papillomavirus type 16 in transformed nih 3t3 cells contains polycistronic mrna encoding e7, e5, and e1--e4 fusion gene.we have cloned cdna of the major 1.8 kb mrna from hpv 16-transformed nih 3t3 cells (pm3t3). the entire nucleotide sequences of this cdna were determined and compared with prototype hpv 16 genomic dna sequences. the 5'-end of the cdna was flanked by approximately 300 bp of cellular sequences, and the 3'-end of the cdna sequences contained poly a residues following at nt 4230. hpv 16 sequences began at nt 124, downstream of a major viral p97 promoter, within the e6 open reading frame (orf). the fi ...19902161158
detection of human papillomavirus in nongenital bowen's disease by in situ dna hybridization.genital bowen's disease has been strongly linked in recent studies to human papillomavirus (hpv). nongenital bowen's disease has been less well investigated, although isolated reports, all of which involved detection of hpv after extraction of dna from fresh-frozen tissue, have been made. we investigated 25 cases of nongenital bowen's disease in 5 black and 20 white patients for the presence of hpv types 1, 6, 11, 16, and 18 using paraffin-embedded tissues. human papillomavirus was present in si ...19902161202
influence of human papillomavirus on dna ploidy determination in genital condylomas.it has been reported that deoxyribonuclease (dnase) treatment does not destroy viral dna, but it does digest native nuclear dna. to determine what effect, if any, papillomavirus infection has on dna ploidy values of genitourinary condylomas, dna was measured with and without dnase exposure in seven urethral condylomas, shown by prior in situ hybridization to contain abundant human papillomavirus types 6 and 11. normal human skin was used as a negative control. consecutive paraffin-embedded tissu ...19902161279
transcriptional activation by the papillomavirus e6 zinc finger oncoprotein.the introduction of the bovine (bpv) or human papillomavirus e6 gene into susceptible cells can result in their transformation, but there are few clues to the mechanism of action of the e6 gene. the characteristic features of e6 proteins are their small size (approximately 150 amino acids) and the potential to form two large zinc fingers. to determine if e6 can function as a transcription factor, the bpv e6 gene was fused to the sequence specific dna binding peptide encoded by the bpv e2 gene. t ...19902161335
multiple primer pairs polymerase chain reaction for the detection of human papillomavirus types.a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based on the use of multiple primers enabling the simultaneous detection of hpv-6b, -11, -16 and -18 in a single tube reaction was developed and validated on cervico-vaginal specimens, including tissues embedded in paraffin. this pcr setting proved to be specific and sensitive, allowing the detection of as few as 200 viral particles per specimen.19902161420
hpv dna typing of adult-onset respiratory papillomatosis.respiratory papillomatosis is a recalcitrant, human papillomavirus-induced disorder of the upper airways. using in situ hybridization and biotinylated deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) probes, the type of human papillomavirus (hpv) in nine adults was determined both at presentation and during subsequent recurrences. fifty-three biopsies obtained from seven men and two women over a 10-year period were examined for hpv 6, 11, 16 and 18. all patients had either type 6 or 11. one dual infection was found. ...19902161484
[problems in colposcopic diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection]. 19902161708
detection of hpv 6 and 11 in tumours of the upper respiratory tract using the polymerase chain reaction.we have applied the polymerase chain-reaction (pcr) technique to benign and malignant squamous tumours of the pharynx and larynx and to nasal inverted papillomas to detect evidence of infection with human papillomavirus (hpv) 6 and 11. each of these lesions tended to be infected with either or both of these but the prevalence of infection when compared with that of histologically normal biopsies from the nasopharynx was not significantly increased.19902161718
human papillomavirus genital tract infections during pregnancy. 19902161719
transforming activity of e5a protein of human papillomavirus type 6 in nih 3t3 and c127 cells.human papillomavirus type 6 (hpv-6) is the etiologic agent of genital warts and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. we are investigating the mechanism by which this virus stimulates cell proliferation during infection. in this paper, we report that the e5a gene of hpv-6c, an independent isolate of hpv-11, is capable of transforming nih 3t3 cells. the e5a open reading frame (orf) was expressed under the control of the mouse metallothionein promoter in the expression vector pmt.neo.1, which also ...19902161939
infectious cycle of human papillomavirus type 11 in human foreskin xenografts in nude mice.we have performed the first molecular analysis of a time course of infection by a papillomavirus. the hershey isolate of the human papillomavirus type 11 was used to infect human foreskin tissues, which were then implanted under the renal capsules of nude mice. the xenografts were recovered every 2 weeks for 14 weeks, fixed in formalin, and embedded in paraffin. four-micrometer serial sections were examined by light microscopy for morphological changes, by immunocytochemistry for virion antigen ...19902161943
immunohistochemical demonstration of human papilloma virus antigen in human colon neoplasms.the presence of human papilloma virus (hpv) has recently been demonstrated in colon tumors, but the incidence of hpv infection in normal colon mucosa or in benign or malignant neoplasms of the mucosa is unknown. we studied both neoplastic and normal human colon tissue for the presence of hpv antigen using immunohistochemical techniques. ninety colon specimens were studied. three consecutive series of normal colon mucosa (n = 30), single benign tubulovillous adenomas (n = 30), and invasive carcin ...19902161968
genome organization and taxonomic position of human papillomavirus type 47 inferred from its dna sequence.the complete nucleotide sequence of human papillomavirus type 47 (hpv-47) dna isolated from the lesion of epidermodysplasia verruciformis (ev) was determined. the computer-aided comparison of hpv-47 with other ev-associated viruses using the available sequence data on them revealed that hpv-47 resembles both hpv-5 and hpv-8 as much as hpv-5 and hpv-8 resemble each other, and it led us to regard these three viruses as one cluster and hpv-19 and hpv-25 as another. the conclusion implies that hpv-4 ...19902162112
experimental infection with human papillomavirus type 1 of human hand and foot skin.warts of the hands and feet are common cutaneous diseases. human papillomaviruses types 1 and 2 are probably responsible for most of the lesions. it is difficult to study these infections in the laboratory, since human papillomaviruses do not replicate in cell cultures or experimental animals. we have recently developed a system in which xenografts of human tissues were infected with hpv-11 and transplanted beneath the renal capsule of athymic mice. we now report the adaptation of this system to ...19902162114
[human papillomavirus infection and cervical cancer]. 19902162224
assessment of criteria used in the histologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus-related disease of the female lower genital tract.the goal of this study was to evaluate the histologic criteria used to establish the diagnosis of human papillomavirus (hpv)-associated disease, especially in borderline lesions. in a completely blinded study, 21 patients had one biopsy each of the cervix and vulva. each specimen was evaluated by rna and dna in situ hybridization, a histologic diagnosis was rendered, and then each was evaluated for 12 histologic criteria commonly associated with hpv. on the cervix only binucleation and dysplasia ...19902162314
management of cervical papillomavirus infections: a response. task force on human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. 19902162364
antigen presentation and t-cell activation in epidermodysplasia verruciformis.aberrant immune responses may play a role in the susceptibility of patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis to human papilloma virus (hpv). we examined the stimulatory capacity of antigen-presenting cells from hpv-infected skin and peripheral blood t-cell responses of patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. the percentage of langerhans cells in relation to total epidermal cells in suspension was slightly reduced in hpv-infected lesions, relative to apparently clinically uninfected ep ...19902162366
evidence of prevalent genital-type human papillomavirus infections in adults and children.recombinant proteins encoded by the e2, e7, l1, and l2 open reading frames (orf) of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6b, 16, and 18 were used in western blot assays to detect serum igg antibodies in women attending a sexually transmitted diseases clinic (n = 92) and in hospitalized children (n = 81). antibodies to late gene products (l1 or l2 orf) were more common than antibodies to early gene products (e2 or e7), both in the adults and the children; overall, the antibody prevalences in the chil ...19902162371
fast solid support detection of pcr amplified viral dna sequences using radioiodinated or hapten labelled primers.oligonucleotides with novel modifications have been synthesized and incorporated into enzymatically amplified dna sequences. they allow the fast detection of viral dna sequences after two rounds of amplification. the hybrids formed are immobilized by affinity on coated tubes and detected by direct beta (32p) or gamma (125i) counting or by colorimetric revelation. the effect of a dilution step between the two amplifications is studied to obtain optimal sensitivity and specificity. this test is us ...19902162518
human papillomavirus dna in genital tract lesions histologically negative for condylomata. analysis by in situ, southern blot hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.koilocytotic atypia (nuclear atypia in conjunction with perinuclear halos) is diagnostic of condylomata of the lower female genital tract, over 90% of which contain human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. genital tract lesions may be clinically suggestive of condylomata but lack clear-cut koilocytotic atypia. of 57 vulvar and 60 cervical lesions that lacked clear-cut koilocytotic atypia, four (7%) and two (3%), respectively, had hpv dna detected by in situ analysis. using southern blot analysis, hpv dna ...19902162631
genital human papillomavirus infections in the male sexual partners of 45 female patients with papillomavirus infection.forty-five women with a confirmed genital human papillomavirus (hpv) infection and their regular male sexual partners were examined. the diagnosis of the women was based on the colposcopic examination with cytological and histological samples. the men were studied by using a similar microscopic technique. penisscopic and histological examinations showed that 22 out of the 45 men had genital hpv infection although only 7 men showed visible condylomatous warts. in addition, nine men had clinical l ...19902162655
sexually transmitted diseases. part iii: recent developments in sexually transmitted diseases: centers for disease control's new treatment schedule from the viewpoint of a private practitioner: viral infections (human papilloma virus, herpes simplex virus) gonorrhea, chlamydia-nongonococcal urethritis. 19902162751
vaginal condylomata acuminata after mcindoe neovagina creation.the author encountered vaginal condylomata acuminata in two women after mcindoe neovagina creations. by in situ dna hybridization, the authors identified human papillomavirus type 6 in both women. the large exophytic pattern of growth in the neovagina was more characteristic of that encountered on the natural keratinized squamous epithelium of the vulva and perianal area than of the micropapillary and small flat lesions usually found on natural vaginal mucosa. these observations suggest that (1) ...19902163112
lichen sclerosus, invasive squamous cell carcinoma, and human papillomavirus. 19902163194
[human papillomavirus (hpv) vulvitis].human papilloma virus vulvitis with flat elements resembling leucoplakia may be diagnosed by application of a 5% acetic acid solution and subsequent biopsy and histological examination. the condition causes irritation with dyspareumia and is so frequent that the diagnosis and initial treatment may be undertaken by the general practitioner.19902163556
detection and typing of papillomavirus dna in formaldehyde-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue.clinical specimens from nine patients with papillomatosis of the vocal cords and three patients with vocal cord polyps were evaluated for the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna using two complementary molecular hybridization techniques. in one method, involving polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification, hpv dna sequences were replicated in vitro from tissue dna extracted from paraffin sections prior to hybridization. polymerase chain reaction amplification was compared with the stand ...19902163651
the e2 protein of human papillomavirus type 16. over-expression and purification of an active transcriptional regulator.the e2 open reading frame of human papillomavirus type 16 was inserted into the escherichia coli vector pkk223-3, and expressed to greater than 15% of total cellular protein when induced with isopropyl beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. the highest expressing clone was grown in bulk and the e2 protein purified to homogeneity by the following procedure: (a) isolation of the insoluble protein fraction; (b) extraction with urea; (c) quaternary amino-ethyl-sepharose ion-exchange chromatography and (d) re ...19902163836
presence of hpv 16 sequences in laryngeal carcinomas.human papillomavirus types hpv 16 and hpv 11 dna sequences were analyzed in normal and neoplastic tissues of the larynx, using the technique of polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an amplified region of e6 orf was hybridized with 3' end-labelled oligonucleotide probe. twenty six out of 48 (54%) squamous-cell carcinomas, and 3 out of 3 verrucous-cell carcinomas hybridized with hpv 16 dna sequences, whereas we did not detect hpv 11 sequences. hpv 16 dna sequences were also found in normal, autologous ...19902163992
detection of cervical human papillomavirus by molecular probes. 19902164110
enhancing cervical cancer detection using nucleic acid hybridization and acetic acid tests.acetowhitening of abnormal cervical epithelium has been suggested as an indicator of increased cervical cancer risk. the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 16, 18, 31, 33 and 35 may also indicate increased cervical cancer risk. hence, tests that detect these two abnormal conditions may augment that papanicolaou smear (pap test) as predictors of cervical cancer risk. the cohort consisted of 145 women aged 14 to 47 (mean 21 years) attending health clinics. thirty women (20.6 percent) sho ...19902164177
sexually transmitted papillomaviral infection in the male: vi. simultaneous urethral cytology-virapap testing of male consorts of women with genital human papillomaviral infection.a series of 122 males at high risk for development of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection were prospectively studied with simultaneous urethral brushing cytology and virapap, to establish their relative sensitivity and specificity in relation to the diagnosis of hpv infection in the urethral canal. the prevalence of disease in this high-risk population was 10 percent. the sensitivity of dna hybridization was determined to be 67 percent, with a 100 percent specificity, as compared with a 25 perc ...19902164271
human papillomavirus type 18 in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia.human papillomaviruses are oncogenic viruses that have been found in a variety of epithelial neoplasias. we sought to confirm their presence in conjunctival intraepithelial neoplasia. five tumors were studied with a polymerase chain-reaction assay designed to detect the e6 region of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18. human papillomavirus type-16 dna was found in four of the five tumors, including two tumors that contained both type-16 and type-18 dna. viral dna was not present in the fifth tu ...19902164326
association of human papillomavirus and colon neoplasms.human papillomavirus has been shown to be associated with squamous carcinomas. we evaluated benign and malignant colon tissues for the presence of human papillomavirus infection to determine if a similar relationship exists between human papillomavirus and colon neoplasms. colon tissues were screened using an immunohistochemical technique to detect human papillomavirus antigen. in situ dna hybridization was then performed on those tissues that yielded positive results by immunohistochemistry. gr ...19902164371
recurrent papillomas of the nipple associated with human papillomavirus 41.a case is described of a man with multiple papillomas on the nipple that resembled clinically and histologically condylomata acuminata. human papillomavirus (hpv) type 41 dna sequences were detected in the biopsy material. there was no evidence of any immunodeficiency.19902164414
oral contraceptive use, human papillomavirus infection, and risk of early cytological abnormalities of the cervix.oral contraceptive (oc) use was examined as a risk factor for cytological abnormalities of the cervix among 1964 women receiving papanicolaou smears at three hospitals in the washington, d.c., area. a single pathologist classified cytological results from all women as normal (n = 1423), atypia (n = 314), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (sil; n = 208), or high grade sil (n = 19). women in each of the three abnormal groups were compared to women with normal cytological diagnoses. a subse ...19902164444
detection of human papilloma virus dna in semen from patients with intrameatal penile warts. 19902164493
human papillomavirus infection and filaggrin expression in paraffin-embedded biopsy specimens of extragenital bowen's disease and genital bowenoid papulosis.cutaneous bowen's disease (bd) and genital bowenoid papulosis (bp) are considered as precancerous or cancerous lesions that are sometimes infected with human papillomavirus (hpv). we studied retrospectively paraffin-embedded sections of 11 samples of cutaneous bd and 6 samples of genital bp from the general population for hpv infection and filaggrin expression. using in situ hybridization with biotinylated probes of hpv types 1, 2, 5, 6, 11, 16, and 18, under stringent and/or non-stringent condi ...19902164515
single application treatment of human papillomavirus infection of the cervix and vagina with trichloroacetic acid: a randomized trial.treatment of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the lower genital tract with trichloroacetic acid was evaluated in a randomized, double-blind fashion at the hospital of the university of pennsylvania. thirty-four patients who had colposcopic and histologic evidence of hpv without dysplasia were entered into the study and randomly placed into either a treatment or placebo group. the treatment group received a single topical application of 50% trichloroacetic acid to the vagina and cervix on ...19902164652
micropapillomatosis labialis appears unrelated to human papillomavirus.to clarify the hypothetical etiologic role of human papillomavirus (hpv) for micropapillomatosis labialis, the frequency of hpv infection was compared by dot blot hybridization techniques between vulvar samples from 34 women with micropapillomatosis labialis and 34 women with normal vulvar skin. although more patients with micropapillomatosis labialis than controls had hpv dna detected, this was not statistically significant (eight of 34 versus three of 34, respectively; and two of 23 versus one ...19902164653
molecular cloning of a novel human papillomarvirus (type 58) from an invasive cervical carcinoma.a novel human papillomavirus type (hpv) was cloned from an invasive cervical carcinoma. the viral clone showed no homology with other known prototypes of hpv (hpv-1 through hpv-57), except hpv-33 by southern blot analysis under stringent conditions. it showed less than 20% homology to hpv-33 by reassociation kinetic analysis. the restriction endonuclease map of the clone was different from those of other hpv types and its predicted genome organization surmised by hybridization with subgenomic fr ...19902164740
human papillomaviruses in anogenital warts in children: typing by in situ hybridisation.to identify the types of human papillomaviruses found in anogenital warts in children and to relate these to clinical and social information.19902164854
human xenografts. a model system for human papillomavirus infection.epithelial chips of human foreskin or cervix infected in vitro with one strain of human papillomavirus type 11 (hpv-11) and subsequently transplanted to the renal capsule of athymic mice will yield, after 3 months of in vivo incubation, epithelial cysts that are morphologically transformed and appear identical in every way to human condylomata. these cysts synthesize virus rna, dna, proteins, and infectious virions. the cysts can be utilized as a source of virus for continued passage of infectio ...19902165039
[detection of papillomavirus common antigens in plantar epidermoid cysts].a total of 23 cases of human papillomavirus-associated epidermoid cysts, including one presented here, have been reported in japan. a review of the literature revealed that the appearance of eosinophilic intracellular substances and that of vacuolar substances in the horny layer of cysts characterize these cases. high detection of human papillomavirus, the pathological features in these cases, and the observation of our case from the onset in which verrucous lesions had preceded a cyst may favor ...19902165193
5-fluorouracil exposure during the period of conception: report on two cases.two patients who were administered topical vaginal 5-fluorouracil for human papilloma virus lesions became pregnant during treatment. the outcomes in both cases were healthy with normal developmental landmarks at 6 months of age. this experience highlights the potential for a positive outcome.19902165354
detection of conditions related to human papillomavirus. comparison of cytology, colposcopy, histology and hybridization.the diagnosis of lesions associated with human papillomavirus infection can be difficult because the results of the tests used can be contradictory. our goal was to compare some of these tests and to evaluate their comparative strengths and weaknesses as clinically useful tools in confirming the diagnosis, especially in borderline cases. twenty-one consecutive patients from our colposcopy clinic were screened with cytology and colposcopy. biopsies were taken from representative areas on the cerv ...19902165530
production and characterisation of a monoclonal antibody to human papillomavirus type 16 using recombinant vaccinia virus.a monoclonal antibody was raised against the major capsid protein l1 of human papillomavirus type 16, using a recombinant vaccinia virus that expresses the l1 protein, as a target for screening. this antibody, designated camvir-1, reacted with a 56 kilodalton protein in cells infected with l1-vaccinia virus, and the protein was present in a predominantly nuclear location. the antibody also detects the hpv-16 l1 antigen in formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded biopsy specimens and on routine cerv ...19902166093
adenoacanthoma of the endometrium: morphological changes induced by human papillomavirus.the observation of koilocyte-like features in the squamous epithelium of some endometrial adenoacanthomas prompted an investigation into a possible viral aetiology. these changes closely resemble those that occur in the ectocervical mucosa which are accepted as morphological evidence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection. sections of 87 hysterectomy specimens removed for endometrial carcinoma over 12 years, together with preoperative curettings, were reviewed for the presence of acanthomatous ...19902166095
teaching colposcopy and androscopy in family practice residencies.addressing the widespread human papillomavirus and genital epithelial dysplasia epidemic requires mastery of colposcopy, androscopy, and cryotherapy. implementing a family medicine residency training program for these skills requires identifying a faculty facilitator to consider the issues of time, cost, caseload, reimbursement, specialist support, personal training, and office impact related to this training. experience with teaching these skills in a community-based family practice residency i ...19902166129
affinity-based collection of amplified viral dna: application to the detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1, human cytomegalovirus and human papillomavirus type 16.we have devised a sensitive and convenient hybridization technique by combining the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) with affinity-based hybrid collection. in this method 5'-biotinylated primers are used to introduce biotin residues into the dna fragments during the amplification. the amplified dna fragments are detected by liquid hybridization using a 32p- or 35s-labelled oligonucleotide as probe. for measurement the hybrids are collected on polystyrene microparticles or onto microtitre wells ta ...19902166237
human papillomavirus dna in invasive carcinoma of the vagina.the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) dna in invasive carcinomas of the vagina, in their lymph node metastases, and in corresponding normal tissue was investigated by southern blot hybridization with 32p-labeled hpv dna. tumor tissue from ten of 18 patients with vaginal carcinoma contained hpv dna. three of the 18 patients had a history of cervical neoplasia more than 14 years before the diagnosis of vaginal carcinoma. five of 15 primary squamous cell carcinomas, one primary adenocarcinoma, ...19902166263
superficial laser vulvectomy. iv. extended laser vaporization and adjunctive 5-fluorouracil therapy of human papillomavirus-associated vulvar disease.although most human papillomavirus infections can be managed satisfactorily by office methods, extensive, refractory, and dysplastic vulvar disease poses frustrating problems. this observational cohort study evaluated the efficacy of extended laser ablation (vaporization of both clinically apparent and adjacent subclinical changes) among 160 women drawn from 1000 referrals between 1982-1987. during the final 2 years, the protocol incorporated two different 5-fluorouracil (5-fu) regimens: routine ...19902166264
detection of human papillomavirus dna before and after development of invasive vulvar cancer.biopsy and surgical specimens were studied from two patients with squamous cell carcinoma in situ of the vulva and one with verrucous carcinoma of the vulva. all three patients subsequently developed invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. in two, human papillomaviruses (hpvs) 16 and 18 were found in the lesions before the development of invasive carcinoma. in the specimens with invasive squamous cell carcinoma, hpv 16 or 18 or both was found. the third patient had hpv 18 dna in the speci ...19902166266
failure to phosphorylate the retinoblastoma gene product in senescent human fibroblasts.heterokaryon studies suggest that senescent and quiescent human diploid fibroblasts (hdf) contain a common inhibitor of entry into s phase. dna synthesis can be induced in senescent and quiescent hdf by fusing them with cells containing dna viral oncogenes such as sv40 t antigen, adenovirus e1a, or human papillomavirus e7. both senescent and quiescent hdf contained the unphosphorylated form (p110rb) of the retinoblastoma protein, a putative inhibitor of proliferation. after serum stimulation, se ...19902166342
detection of human papillomavirus dna in genital condylomata in women and their male partners by using in situ hybridization with digoxygenin labeled probes.twelve couples (12 women and their male partners) presenting genital warts were investigated in order to evaluate the sexual transmission of human papillomavirus (hpv) in mutual partners and the localization of hpv dna. formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded biopsy samples of 12 vulvar condylomata, and 12 penile condylomata from male partners were analyzed for the presence of hpv dna-6, -11, and 16/18 by using in situ hybridization with digoxygenin labeled dna probes. hpv dna was identified in 9 wome ...19902166362
combined co2-laser and alfa recombinant interferon treatment in five children with juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis.juvenile laryngeal papillomatosis is a rare and benign tumoral disease of childhood characterized by numerous relapses despite complete resection. the ent treatment of choice is to vaporize the papillomas with a co2 laser. since the discovery of a viral etiology (human papilloma virus), resection has been followed by medical attempts to control the disease by using various antiviral treatments. among the latter, alfa interferon has proved effective during the first six months of treatment. in th ...19902166413
integration of hpv-16 dna in cervical carcinoma cell line cc3/cuhk3 and its xenografts.a recently established cell line, designated cc3/cuhk3, derived from a squamous cell carcinoma of the uterine cervix of a hong kong chinese patient was investigated for its association with human papillomavirus (hpv) by southern blot hybridization studies. a "grafted tumour" or xenograft of cc3/cuhk3 has also been successfully established in athymic mice, which showed similar histology to that of the original biopsy. the epithelial nature of the xenografts, like the original biopsy. the epitheli ...19902166463
immune status as a determinant of human papillomavirus detection and its association with anal epithelial abnormalities.one hundred and twenty danish homosexual men were enrolled to characterize risk factors for anal type-specific human papillomavirus (hpv) expression and to examine its association with anal epithelial atypia. detection of hpv strongly correlated with immunosuppression measured by t-lymphocyte subset markers and rose nearly linearly from 7.3% among subjects with cd4/cd8 ratios above 1.0 to 35.3% among those with a ratio below 0.4 (p trend = 0.003). no association was found between presence of hpv ...19902166709
interaction of human immunodeficiency and papilloma viruses: association with anal epithelial abnormality in homosexual men.during the 7th annual follow-up of our cohort of homosexual men in 1989, we tested the hypotheses that infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) may enhance the expression of human papilloma virus (hpv) and that the development of anal epithelial abnormality is related to a biologic interaction between these two viruses. overall, 41 (39%) of the 105 men had anal swabs positive for one or more genotypes of hpv 6/11, 16/18 or 31/33/35. twenty-three (53%) of the 43 hiv-positive subjects har ...19902166710
cervical cytologic abnormalities and papillomavirus in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus.we investigated the relationship of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the female genital tract, cervical cytology, and human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) infection in 67 women. forty-eight women had a history of intravenous drug use, 18 were heterosexual partners of hiv-infected intravenous drug users, and one was a transfusion recipient. patients received a pap smear, cervicovaginal lavage for hpv determination by southern blot, hiv serum antibody by enzyme immunoassay with western blot c ...19902166784
prevalence of antibodies to human papillomavirus type 8 in human sera.the epidermodysplasia verruciformis-associated human papillomavirus type 8 (hpv-8) poses a high risk for malignant conversion of skin lesions in patients with epidermodysplasia verruciformis. for seroepidemiological studies, the hpv-8 open reading frames for e1, e2, e4, e6, e7, and l1 were bacterially expressed as beta-galactosidase fusion proteins, which were purified by preparative gel electrophoresis. cleavage with the protease fxa at the engineered recognition site separated the beta-galacto ...19902166821
detection of human papilloma virus in women referred for colposcopy. a comparison between different diagnostic methods.various methods presently available for the diagnosis of genital human papilloma virus (hpv) were compared regarding their sensitivity in women referred for specific diagnosis and treatment because of atypical pap smears or clinically suspected neoplasia. colposcopic examination was performed in all cases. in addition to taking a second pap smear, cell suspensions were made from 105 women and analysed by the filter in situ hybridization (fish) technique and tested for hpv 6 + 11 and hpv 16 + 18 ...19902166988
[human papillomavirus typing by molecular hybridization in situ with biotinylated probes. optimization of sample preparation and hybridization time].in situ hybridization with non radioactive probes is more and more used to detect viral infections, especially human papillomavirus (hpv) infections. the quality of the reaction depends on several factors, such as sample preparation (including fixation and pretreatments). their importance was evaluated on a model with cell lines including caski cells (harboring about 600 copies of hpv 16 dna per cell) and hela cells (containing 10-50 copies of hpv 18 dna per cell). these cell lines were chosen i ...19902167100
nonisotopic human papillomavirus dna typing of cervical smears obtained at the initial colposcopic examination.to determine the prevalence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection in 401 patients attending colposcopy for the first time, scraped cervical cells were investigated using dot blot hybridization and biotinylated dna probes to hpv 6 and 11 (low-risk types) and 16, 18, and 33 (high-risk types). the hpv dna was isolated from 52% of patients (low-risk types = 4%, high-risk types = 48%). seventy-five percent had a cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (cin)-condyloma. low-risk types were infrequent (7%) ...19902167143
cytologic diagnosis of human papillomavirus infection: spindled nuclei.the classic cytologic criteria, koilocytotic atypia and dyskeratocytosis, fail to identify most cases with colposcopic and histologic evidence of cervical condylomata. the purpose of this study was to identify a novel cytologic diagnostic criterion, spindled nuclei, to predict the presence of human papillomavirus (hpv) infection of the cervical epithelium. review of the hospital records of 100 consecutive cases with spindled nuclei on papanicolaou smear identified 36 patients in whom a colposcop ...19902167194
detection of human papillomavirus in reprocessed routine papanicolaou smears by dna hybridization.dna dot blot hybridization was used for the detection of human papillomavirus (hpv) types 6, 11, 16, and 18 in reprocessed routinely collected papanicolaou smears. dna was extracted from the smears with alkaline lysis and applied onto a nitrocellulose filter. the specificity and sensitivity of the dot blot hybridization on reprocessed papanicolaou smears were confirmed by southern blot analysis of selected samples, using caski, siha cell lines as positive controls and hf 32 as negative controls. ...19902167195
human papillomavirus infection of the uterine cervix analyzed by nonisotopic in situ hybridization.some types of human papillomaviruses (hpvs) have been suggested to be strongly related to uterine cervical carcinoma. an attempt to detect these in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections was made by either immunohistochemical or by in situ hybridization. anticapsid protein of bovine papillomavirus antibody labeled with peroxidase was used for immunohistochemistry, and biotin was used instead of radioisotopes to label probes for in situ hybridization, which resulted in low background and a ra ...19902167347
genital human papillomavirus infection in adolescents.genital hpv infections are much more prevalent than previously believed. the most common clinical manifestation of hpv--the subclinical papillomavirus infection, or spi--is missed on routine examination. no single diagnostic test is adequate in the assessment of hpv infections, and the more recent studies involving newer nucleic acid technologies have brought about a better understanding of the behavior of hpv. there are different oncogenic potentials regarding specific hpv dna types. other poss ...19902167414
coexpression of the human papillomavirus type 16 e4 and l1 open reading frames in early cervical neoplasia.although the e4 open reading frame (orf) of human papillomaviruses (hpv) encodes an abundant protein in cutaneous warts, the location and extent of hpv e4 expression in genital precancers, specifically those associated with hpv-16, has not been described. expression plasmids (path) containing segments of the hpv-16 e4 (3401-3620) and l1 (6151-6792) open reading frames (orfs) were induced and expressed in bacteria and the resulting fusion proteins were used to elicit antisera in rabbits. antisera ...19902167552
ubiquitous and cell-type-specific protein interactions with human papillomavirus type 16 and type 18 enhancers.we have studied the protein-dna interactions of human papillomavirus types 16 and 18 constitutive enhancer elements using dnasel footprinting experiments with nuclear extracts from four cervical carcinoma cell lines (c33a, hela, siha, and caski) and one fibroblast cell line (143b). among nine footprints for the hpv 16 enhancer region, six footprints contain nuclear factor 1 (nf1) binding gccaa motif. in vitro competition experiments suggest that the same factors are shared by all six of these mo ...19902167563
detection of human papillomavirus dna in penile lesions histologically negative for condylomata. analysis by in situ hybridization and the polymerase chain reaction.the purpose of this study was to analyze penile lesions that lacked the histological features of condylomata for human papillomavirus (hpv) dna. most of these lesions were detected in men whose partners had an hpv-related lesion. sequences homologous to hpv dna were detected in 12 of 84 (14%) lesions using in situ hybridization analysis; nine of these lesions contained hpv 6 or 11. hpv dna was found in 25 of 26 (96%) penile condylomata, all but two of which contained hpv 6 or 11. using the highl ...19902167614
genitoanal papillomavirus infection--a diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma.there are now known to be many genotypes of human papillomavirus (hpv). types 6 and 11 are closely associated with benign lesions of genitoanal epithelia; the classical forms are condylomata acuminata and papular warts, collectively known as genitoanal or "venereal" warts, but it is now known that subclinical infections are much more common. these were first identified on the cervix uteri by colposcopy after the application of acetic acid, but they can also be found on penile and vulval epitheli ...19902167722
prevention of sexually transmitted diseases and abortions--the present situation for medical care of sexually transmitted diseases in sweden.in sweden, the high numbers of infections with chlamydia trachomatis and human papillomavirus and the threat of human immunodeficiency virus has been the origin of an ongoing change in the care for people with sexually transmitted diseases (stds). this is based on the view that traditional stds, hiv, and abortions are different consequences of the same thing--unprotected intercourse--so prevention of one means prevention of the others and they should always be considered together. there is a gro ...19902167723
no effect of intralesional injection of interferon on moderate cervical intraepithelial neoplasia.women with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 (cin 2) were treated in a double blind investigation of treatment with intralesioneal interferon alpha-2b (intron a). before treatment commenced, the existence and the types of human papilloma-virus (hpv) were assessed in [35s] methionine-labelled cervical biopsies by the determination of specific protein markers. pronounced side effects occurred in all the women treated with interferon and the trial was stopped when ...19902167727
papillomavirus trans-activator protein e2 activates expression from the promoter for the ribonucleotide reductase large subunit from herpes simplex virus type 2.activation of the herpes simplex virus type 2 (hsv-2) large subunit of the ribonucleotide reductase (icp10) gene by papillomavirus dna encoding the e2 or e7 proteins was studied directly by immunofluorescence or by chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) analysis with hybrid icp10 or ie175 and 38k promoter constructions. cotransfection with bovine papillomavirus type 1 or human papillomavirus type 16 (hpv-16) e2 dna enhanced cat expression from constructions in which cat is regulated by the icp1 ...19902167936
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