Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| molecular characterization of trichinella species from wild animals in israel. | trichinellosis is a worldwide disease caused by nematode worms of the genus trichinella, frequently diagnosed in israel. however, the identity of the israeli isolates have not been studied. here we describe the molecular characterization of 58 isolates collected from jackals (canis aureus), wild boar (sus scrofa), foxes (vulpes vulpes) and a wolf (canis lupus) in central and northern israel. isolates were analyzed using the multiplex pcr analysis encompassing expansion segment v (esv) and intern ... | 2016 | 27838087 |
| cercopithifilaria sp. ii in vulpes vulpes: new host affiliation for an enigmatic canine filarioid. | cercopithifilaria bainae and cercopithifilaria grassii (spirurida, onchocercidae) are filarioids inhabiting the skin of dogs worldwide. the microfilariae of a third species namely, cercopithifilaria sp. ii sensu otranto et al. 2013, have been morphologically and molecularly characterized but scientific knowledge of this parasite is minimal. the first case of infection of a red fox (vulpes vulpes) with the filarioid cercopithifilaria sp. ii is herein described in castro marim, portugal. microfila ... | 2017 | 27838834 |
| the adaptation of generalist predators' diet in a multi-prey context: insights from new functional responses. | the ability for a generalist consumer to adapt its foraging strategy (the multi-species functional response, msfr) is a milestone in ecology as it contributes to the structure of food webs. the trophic interaction between a generalist predator, as the red fox or the barn owl, and its prey community, mainly composed of small mammals, has been empirically and theoretically widely studied. however, the extent to which these predators adapt their diet according to both multi-annual changes in multip ... | 2016 | 27859163 |
| multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis potentially reveals the existence of two groups of anaplasma phagocytophilum circulating in cattle in france with different wild reservoirs. | anaplasma phagocytophilum is the causative agent of tick-borne fever, a disease with high economic impact for domestic ruminants in europe. epidemiological cycles of this species are complex, and involve different ecotypes circulating in various host species. to date, these epidemiological cycles are poorly understood, especially in europe, as european reservoir hosts (i.e. vertebrate hosts enabling long-term maintenance of the bacterium in the ecosystem), of the bacterium have not yet been clea ... | 2016 | 27876073 |
| support for targeted sampling of red fox (vulpes vulpes) feces in sweden: a method to improve the probability of finding echinococcus multilocularis. | localized concentrations of echinococcus multilocularis eggs from feces of infected red fox (vulpes vulpes) can create areas of higher transmission risk for rodent hosts and possibly also for humans; therefore, identification of these areas is important. however, in a low prevalence environment, such as sweden, these areas could be easily overlooked. as part of a project investigating the role of different rodents in the epidemiology of e. multilocularis in sweden, fox feces were collected seaso ... | 2016 | 27899131 |
| echinococcus multilocularis in foxes and raccoon dogs: an increasing concern for baltic countries. | in europe, the life-cycle of echinococcus multilocularis is predominantly sylvatic, involving red foxes (vulpes vulpes) as the main definitive hosts and rodents such as muskrats and arvicolids as intermediate hosts. the parasite is the etiological agent of human alveolar echinococcosis, a malignant zoonotic disease caused by the accidental ingestion of eggs shed by definitive hosts in their faeces. the aims of this study were to investigate the prevalence of e. multilocularis in red foxes and ra ... | 2016 | 27899156 |
| characterization and application of newly developed polymorphic microsatellite markers in the ezo red fox (vulpes vulpes schrencki). | the ezo red fox (vulpes vulpes schrencki), a subspecies endemic to hokkaido island, japan, is a known host species for the tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis. to develop tools for molecular ecological studies, we isolated 28 microsatellite regions from the genome of ezo red fox, and developed 18 polymorphic microsatellite markers. these markers were characterized using 7 individuals and 22 fecal samples of the ezo red fox. the number of alleles for these markers ranged from 1 to 7, and the obs ... | 2016 | 28002597 |
| occurrence of ticks in the subcutaneous tissue of red foxes, vulpes vulpes in czech republic and romania. | an extensive survey of parasites in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) was independently conducted in romania and the czech republic. carcasses were examined by necropsy, and small, dark nodules apparently containing ticks were noticed in the subcutaneous tissue of several foxes. histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (he) staining. of the 91 foxes examined from the czech republic, 14 (15.4%) were harboring ticks in the subcutaneous tissue. in the majority of these cases, ... | 2017 | 28017621 |
| first record of giardia assemblage d infection in farmed raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides). | the presence of giardia genotypes was investigated in 18 raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and 80 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) on one farm. to demonstrate giardia cysts, fresh and trichrome stained smears were microscopically screened. two molecular markers were used for giardia genotyping: a fragment of the beta-giardin gene and a fragment of the glutamate dehydrogenase gene. all faecal samples obtained from red foxes were negative. giardia cysts were identified only in 2 of the 18 raccoon d ... | 2016 | 28030946 |
| canine visceral leishmaniasis in wild canines (fox, jackal, and wolf) in northeastern iran using parasitological, serological, and molecular methods. | although many studies had been conducted on various aspects of canine visceral leishmaniasis (cvl) in domestic dogs in the endemic areas of iran, investigations on cvl in wild canines are rare. | 2016 | 28032106 |
| the effect of host age and inoculation dose on infection dynamics of angiostrongylus vasorum in red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | infections and clinical cases of angiostrongylus vasorum in dogs are found increasingly across europe, thus rendering knowledge on its infection biology more important. we used red foxes as a carnivore model to examine the effect of host age and infection dose on the establishment of adult a. vasorum in single experimental infections. | 2017 | 28049507 |
| contribution to the diagnosis and treatment of life-threatening parasitosis caused by the parasite echinococcus multilocularis. | echinococcosis is a serious parasitic disease that ends lethally in 95% of untreated infected patients. it was first diagnosed in slovakia in the year 2000. it is caused by the larval stage of a tapeworm belonging to the genus echinococcus, which was assigned to the group "a" of zoonoses in the year 2004. the number of new infections is rising because of increasing percentage of infected red foxes (vulpes vulpes). early and accurate diagnosis of infections with this parasite is essential for pro ... | 2017 | 28051760 |
| mesopredator management: effects of red fox control on the abundance, diet and use of space by feral cats. | apex predators are subject to lethal control in many parts of the world to minimize their impacts on human industries and livelihoods. diverse communities of smaller predators-mesopredators-often remain after apex predator removal. despite concern that these mesopredators may be 'released' in the absence of the apex predator and exert negative effects on each other and on co-occurring prey, these interactions have been little studied. here, we investigate the potential effects of competition and ... | 2017 | 28068378 |
| the changing contribution of top-down and bottom-up limitation of mesopredators during 220 years of land use and climate change. | apex predators may buffer bottom-up driven ecosystem change, as top-down suppression may dampen herbivore and mesopredator responses to increased resource availability. however, theory suggests that for this buffering capacity to be realized, the equilibrium abundance of apex predators must increase. this raises the question: will apex predators maintain herbivore/mesopredator limitation, if bottom-up change relaxes resource constraints? here, we explore changes in mesopredator (red fox vulpes v ... | 2017 | 28075011 |
| mathematical modelling of echinococcus multilocularis abundance in foxes in zurich, switzerland. | in europe, the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the main definitive host of echinococcus multilocularis, the aetiological agent of a severe disease in humans called alveolar echinococcosis. the distribution of this zoonotic parasite among the fox population is remarkably aggregated with few heavily infected animals harbouring much of the parasite burdens and being responsible for most of the environmental parasitic egg contamination. important research questions explored were: (i) spatial differences ... | 2017 | 28077161 |
| satellite dna sequences in canidae and their chromosome distribution in dog and red fox. | satellite dna is a characteristic component of mammalian centromeric heterochromatin, and a comparative analysis of its evolutionary dynamics can be used for phylogenetic studies. we analysed satellite and satellite-like dna sequences available in ncbi for 4 species of the family canidae (red fox, vulpes vulpes, vvu; domestic dog, canis familiaris, cfa; arctic fox, vulpes lagopus, vla; raccoon dog, nyctereutes procyonoides procyonoides, npr) by comparative sequence analysis, which revealed 86-90 ... | 2016 | 28122375 |
| cattle-derived salmonella enterica serovar dublin infections in red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) in tyrol, austria. | salmonella enterica serovar dublin is endemic in the cattle population in some areas of the austrian province tyrol, and each year single dairy farms have experienced clinical infections. to ascertain if tyrolean red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ) act as a reservoir for salmonella spp., we tested hepatic tissue and intestinal content from foxes hunted in the years 2015-16 by using microbiological methods. in addition, we included several fox fecal samples collected on a mountain pasture near chamois ca ... | 2017 | 28139955 |
| habitat as a mediator of mesopredator-driven mammal extinction. | a prevailing view in dryland systems is that mammals are constrained by the scarcity of fertile soils and primary productivity. an alternative view is that predation is a primary driver of mammal assemblages, especially in australia, where two introduced mesopredators - the feral cat felis catus and red fox vulpes vulpes - have decimated the dryland mammal fauna. we evaluate productivity (bottom-up) versus predation (top-down) as drivers of native mammal assemblage structure in dryland australia ... | 2017 | 28186361 |
| anti-predator meshing may provide greater protection for sea turtle nests than predator removal. | the problem of how to protect sea turtle nests from terrestrial predators is of worldwide concern. on queensland's southern sunshine coast, depredation of turtle nests by the introduced european red fox (vulpes vulpes) has been recorded as the primary terrestrial cause of egg and hatchling mortality. we investigated the impact of foxes on the nests of the loggerhead turtle (caretta caretta) and occasional green turtle (chelonia mydas) over ten nesting seasons. meshing of nests with fox exclusion ... | 2017 | 28187181 |
| accumulation of metals in liver tissues of sympatric golden jackal (canis aureus) and red fox (vulpes vulpes) in the southern part of romania. | several previous study results have already demonstrated that golden jackal and red fox may serve as biological indicators of trace elements and heavy metal concentrations in the various regions they inhabit. the aim of this study was to evaluate accumulation patterns of targeted elements (al, ca, cr, cu, fe, mg, mn, ni and pb) in liver samples of red foxes and golden jackals collected during the same period in the southern part of romania. the accumulation patterns of trace elements in the live ... | 2017 | 28194481 |
| harmonizing methods for wildlife abundance estimation and pathogen detection in europe-a questionnaire survey on three selected host-pathogen combinations. | the need for wildlife health surveillance as part of disease control in wildlife, domestic animals and humans on the global level is widely recognized. however, the objectives, methods and intensity of existing wildlife health surveillance programs vary greatly among european countries, resulting in a patchwork of data that are difficult to merge and compare. this survey aimed at evaluating the need and potential for data harmonization in wildlife health in europe. the specific objective was to ... | 2017 | 28202055 |
| effect of vitrification on meiotic maturation, mitochondrial distribution and glutathione synthesis in immature silver fox cumulus oocyte complexes. | the present study was designed to investigate the effects of vitrifying oocytes obtained from silver foxes on nuclear maturation, mitochondrial distribution and glutathione (gsh) synthesis after in vitro culture for 72 h. immature oocytes were randomly divided into three groups: (1) fresh gv (germinal vesicle) oocytes (control group), (2) exposure to the equilibration and vitrification solution but without being plunged into liquid nitrogen (exposed group), and (3) vitrification by the cryoloop ... | 2017 | 28215674 |
| occurrence and molecular genotyping of giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in wild mesocarnivores in spain. | there is a surprisingly scarce amount of epidemiological and molecular data on the prevalence, frequency, and diversity of the intestinal protozoan parasites giardia duodenalis and cryptosporidium spp. in wildlife in general and mesocarnivore species in particular. consequently, the extent of the cyst/oocyst environmental contamination attributable to these wild host species and their potential implications for public veterinary health remain largely unknown. in this molecular epidemiological su ... | 2017 | 28215875 |
| making inference from wildlife collision data: inferring predator absence from prey strikes. | wildlife collision data are ubiquitous, though challenging for making ecological inference due to typically irreducible uncertainty relating to the sampling process. we illustrate a new approach that is useful for generating inference from predator data arising from wildlife collisions. by simply conditioning on a second prey species sampled via the same collision process, and by using a biologically realistic numerical response functions, we can produce a coherent numerical response relationshi ... | 2017 | 28243534 |
| simulating control of a focal wildlife outbreak of echinococcus multilocularis. | the parasitic tapeworm echinococcus multilocularis is the causative agent of alveolar echinococcosis, a serious zoonotic infection present in europe that can be fatal. the united kingdom currently has e. multilocularis free status but the possibility of introduction exists, most likely via an imported or returning dog or other deliberately introduced animal that has not had anthelmintic treatment. we have developed a model to predict the probability of successfully eliminating a focal outbreak o ... | 2017 | 28249768 |
| the eurasian otter (lutra lutra) as a potential host for rickettsial pathogens in southern italy. | canine monocytic ehrlichiosis and rickettsiosis are zoonotic tick-borne diseases of canids caused by the intracellular obligate bacteria ehrlichia canis and rickettsia species respectively. in this study, we investigated using standard and real-time pcr and sequencing, the occurrence and molecular characterization of e. canis and rickettsia species in the eurasian otter (lutra lutra) from the southern italian population. samples were screened by using molecular assays also for neospora caninum, ... | 2017 | 28267780 |
| effects of predator removal on vertebrate prey populations: birds of prey and small mammals. | we studied the effects of removal of breeding nomadic avian predators (the kestrel, falco tinnunculus and tengmalm's owl, aegolius funereus) on small mammals (voles of the genera microtus and clethrionomys and the common shrew, sorex araneus) during 1989-1992 in western finland to find out if these predators have a regulating or limiting impact on their prey populations. we removed potential breeding sites of raptors from five manipulation areas (c. 3 km(2) each), whereas control areas had nest- ... | 1995 | 28306779 |
| niche relations among three sympatric mediterranean carnivores. | previous studies carried out in the doñana national park reported that red foxes (vulpes vulpes) were killed by iberian lynxes (lynx pardinus), whereas similar-sized eurasian badgers (meles meles) were not. therefore, we predicted that fox would avoid lynx predation risk by niche segregation whereas we did not expect such a segregation between badger and lynx. as an approach for evaluating our predictions, we compared their diet, activity patterns, and habitat use in an area of doñana where the ... | 1999 | 28307883 |
| synchronous population fluctuations in voles, small game, owls, and tularemia in northern sweden. | 1. the population fluctuations in time in northern sweden are examined for the following species: voles, mountain hare, willow grouse, black grouse, capercaillie, hazel hen, red fox, long-eared owl, tengmalm's owl, and tularemia. necessary population data have been obtained from the period 1963-1975/76 as revealed by catches, literature survey, hunting statistics, bird ringing, and obligatory reporting of tularemia in man. 2. the populations of the species under consideration are found to fluctu ... | 1978 | 28309394 |
| role of predation in short-term population fluctuations of some birds and mammals in fennoscandia. | we tested the hypothesis that synchronous fluctuations in small game species in boreal fennoscandia are caused by varying predation pressure. the main prey of predators are the cyclically superabundant voles. small game species (alternative prey) are rare compared to voles. the following 4 predictions were checked: (1) predators should shift their diet from main prey to alternative prey as main prey decline. - this was confirmed using data on red fox (vulpes vulpes l.) diet.; (2) the mortality r ... | 1984 | 28310714 |
| mountain hare populations on islands: effects of predation by red fox. | on islands off the west coast of sweden the density of mountain hares (lepus timidus l.) is very high. one of the main predators on hares, the red fox (vulpes vulpes l.), is only present during short periods. data on hare density and predation by red fox and eagle owl (bubo bubo (l.)) has been analyzed from five islands over several years. winter mortality in years with low predation pressure was independent of hare density. but when red fox or eagle owl were present on islands (i.e., high preda ... | 1989 | 28311185 |
| cycles in voles and small game in relation to variations in plant production indices in northern sweden. | population dynamics for voles (cricetidae), tengmalm's owl (aegolius funereus (l.)), red fox (vulpes vulpes (l.)) willow grouse (lagopus lagopus (l.)), black grouse (lyrurus tetrix (l.)), capercaillie (tetrao urogallus l.), hazel hen (tetrastes bonasia (l.)), mountain hare (lepus timidus l.) and tularemia (francisella tularensis (mccoy & chapin)) and game bird recruitment were studied by index methods in northern sweden. in addition contemporary temperature records and spruce (picea abies (l.) k ... | 1986 | 28311702 |
| numerical responses by populations of red fox and mountain hare during an outbreak of sarcoptic mange. | during a severe outbreak of sarcoptic mange (sarcoptes scabiei vulpes) starting among red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in sweden in the 1970s, we studied: 1) the establishment and spread of the disease in northernmost sweden (by inquiries), and 2) the 1970-84 bag records for foxes and mountain hares (lepus timidus) (an alternative prey to the fox's main prey, voles). since the first case of sarcoptic mange in 1975 the disease spread rapidly, with >50% of the hunting organizations having reported the di ... | 1987 | 28311970 |
| prolonged prey suppression by carnivores - predator-removal experiments. | the hypothesis that carnivores can significantly suppress prey populations after they collapse during drought was tested by predator-removal experiments. low populations of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) responded with significantly accelerated growth where foxes (vulpes vulpes) and feral cats (felis catus) were continually shot. experiments in years of good pasture and poor were confirmatory. after only 14 months, the rabbits were well on their way to another eruption whereas untreated populat ... | 1989 | 28312173 |
| limits to predator regulation of rabbits in australia: evidence from predator-removal experiments. | predator-prey studies in semi-arid eastern australia demonstrated that populations of rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) could be regulated by predators. the functional, numerical and total responses of foxes (vulpes vulpes) to rabbits and the numerical response of feral cats (felis catus) to rabbits, are described. measurement of the rabbit component of foxes' stomach contents indicates a type iii functional response. the size of the fox population in summer was dependent on the availability of ra ... | 1992 | 28313401 |
| critically evaluating best management practices for preventing freshwater turtle extinctions. | ex situ conservation tools, such as captive breeding for reintroduction, are considered last resort to help recover threatened or endangered species. however, they may also provide alternative strategies where reducing threats directly is difficult or ineffective. headstarting, or captive rearing of eggs or neonate animals and subsequent release into the wild, has been controversial for decades. a major criticism is that headstarting is a symptomatic treatment of conservation problems (halfway t ... | 2017 | 28319283 |
| genetic diversity of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes in poland: the first report of a haplotype of probable asian origin. | the aim of the present study was to estimate the genetic diversity of the cestode echinococcus multilocularis leuckart, 1863 in poland based on sequence analysis of the mitochondrial genes of worms isolated from red foxes, vulpes vulpes (linnaeus). overall, 83 adults of e. multilocularis from the same number of foxes in different parts of poland were used for analysis. sequences of the three mitochondrial genes, cytochrome b (cob), nadh dehydrogenase subunit 2 (nad2) and cytochrome c oxidase sub ... | 2017 | 28360380 |
| occurrence of giardia in swedish red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ). | giardia duodenalis is an intestinal protozoan capable of causing gastrointestinal disease in a range of vertebrate hosts. it is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. understanding the epidemiology of g. duodenalis in animals is important, both for public health and for the health of the animals it infects. we investigated the occurrence of g. duodenalis in wild swedish red foxes ( vulpes vulpes ), with the aim of providing preliminary information on how this abundant predator might be involved i ... | 2017 | 28362140 |
| retrospective molecular study on canine hepatozoonosis in slovakia - does infection risk for dogs really exist? | this study provides the very first evidence of hepatozoon canis infection in dogs from slovakia, a rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato free area. in total, 297 red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and 293 dogs, from three regions of slovakia, were screened for the presence of h. canis using a conventional 18s rrna polymerase chain reaction (pcr). genomic dna of this blood parasite was detected in 51 (17.1%) foxes from all sampling regions in slovakia, whereas the overall prevalence in examined dogs was sig ... | 2017 | 28366618 |
| the prevalence and impact of babesia canis and theileria sp. in free-ranging grey wolf (canis lupus) populations in croatia. | babesia spp. and theileria spp. are important emerging causes of disease in dogs. alongside these domesticated hosts, there is increasing recognition that these piroplasms can also be found in a range of wild animals with isolated reports describing the presence of these pathogen in foxes (vulpes vulpes) and captive grey wolves (canis lupus). the prevalence and impact of these infections in free-ranging populations of canids are unknown. to gain a better insight into the epidemiology and pathoge ... | 2017 | 28376903 |
| mesocarnivores and macroparasites: altitude and land use predict the ticks occurring on red foxes (vulpes vulpes). | the red fox vulpes vulpes is the most common mesocarnivore in europe and with a wide geographical distribution and a high density in most terrestrial habitats of the continent. it is fast urbanising species, which can harbor high numbers of different tick species, depending on the region. here we present the results of a large-scale study, trying to disentangle the intricate relationship between environmental factors and the species composition of ectoparasites in red foxes. the samples were col ... | 2017 | 28381228 |
| variation in home range size of red foxes vulpes vulpes along a gradient of productivity and human landscape alteration. | home range size is a fundamental concept for understanding animal dispersion and ecological needs, and it is one of the most commonly reported ecological attributes of free-ranging mammals. previous studies indicate that red foxes vulpes vulpes display great variability in home range size. yet, there has been little consensus regarding the reasons why home range sizes of red foxes vary so extensively. in this study, we examine possible causes of variation in red fox home range sizes using data f ... | 2017 | 28384313 |
| trends in anecdotal fox sightings in tasmania accounted for by psychological factors. | there has been little evaluation of anecdotal sightings as a means to confirm new incursions of invasive species. this paper explores the potential for equivocal information communicated by the media to account for patterns of anecdotal reports. in 2001, it was widely reported that red foxes (vulpes vulpes) had been deliberately released in the island state of tasmania (australia), although this claim was later revealed to be baseless. regardless, by 2013 a total of 3153 anecdotal fox sightings ... | 2017 | 28384391 |
| a comparison of visual and genetic techniques for identifying japanese marten scats - enabling diet examination in relation to seasonal food availability in a sub-alpine area of japan. | we compared the reliability of visual diagnostic criteria to dna diagnostic techniques, including newly designed primers, to discriminate japanese marten (martes melampus) feces from those of other sympatric carnivore species. visual criteria proved > 95% reliable for fresh, odoriferous scats in good condition. based upon this verification, we then examined if and how japanese marten diet differs among seasons at high elevation study site (1500-2026 m). we also considered how intra-specific comp ... | 2017 | 28397597 |
| pathological findings in the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereutes procyonoides), with special emphasis on infectious and zoonotic agents in northern germany. | anthropogenic landscape changes contributed to the reduction of availability of habitats to wild animals. hence, the presence of wild terrestrial carnivores in urban and peri-urban sites has increased considerably over the years implying an increased risk of interspecies spillover of infectious diseases and the transmission of zoonoses. the present study provides a detailed characterisation of the health status of the red fox (vulpes vulpes), stone marten (martes foina) and raccoon dog (nyctereu ... | 2017 | 28399176 |
| diversity of flea (siphonaptera) parasites on red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in romania. | red foxes (vulpes vulpes (l.)) are widespread across europe, tolerant of synanthropic ecosystems, and susceptible to diseases potentially shared with humans and other animals. we describe flea fauna on red foxes in romania, a large, ecologically diverse country, in part because fleas may serve as an indicator of the risk of spillover of vector-borne disease. we found 912 individual fleas of seven species on the 305 foxes assessed, for an infestation prevalence of 49.5%. mean flea load per fox wa ... | 2017 | 28399300 |
| the repertoire of bitter taste receptor genes in canids. | bitter taste receptors (tas2rs) play important roles in mammalian defense mechanisms by helping animals detect and avoid toxins in food. although tas2r genes have been widely studied in several mammals, minimal research has been performed in canids. to analyze the genetic basis of tas2r genes in canids, we first identified tas2r genes in the wolf, maned wolf, red fox, corsac fox, tibetan fox, fennec fox, dhole and african hunting dog. a total of 183 tas2r genes, consisting of 118 intact genes, 6 ... | 2017 | 28417226 |
| the range of the mange: spatiotemporal patterns of sarcoptic mange in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) as revealed by camera trapping. | sarcoptic mange is a widely distributed disease that affects numerous mammalian species. we used camera traps to investigate the apparent prevalence and spatiotemporal dynamics of sarcoptic mange in a red fox population in southeastern norway. we monitored red foxes for five years using 305 camera traps distributed across an 18000 km2 area. a total of 6581 fox events were examined to visually identify mange compatible lesions. we investigated factors associated with the occurrence of mange by us ... | 2017 | 28423011 |
| host-specific serological response to angiostrongylus vasorum infection in red foxes (vulpes vulpes): implications for parasite epidemiology. | angiostrongylus vasorum is a cardiovascular nematode increasingly found in dogs and foxes in endemic foci throughout europe. the present study evaluates elisas for detection of circulating antigens and specific antibodies against a. vasorum in foxes. blood and worm burdens (wbs) from carcasses of 215 swiss wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and from 75 farmed foxes of different age groups experimentally inoculated once or repeatedly with infective doses of 50, 100 or 200 third-stage larvae were obta ... | 2017 | 28478766 |
| first description of cryptosporidium ubiquitum xiia subtype family in farmed fur animals. | this study investigated the prevalence of cryptosporidium in farmed fur animals in the czech republic and poland. a total of 480 faecal samples were collected from fur animals, including 300 american mink (mustela vison), 60 silver foxes (vulpes vulpes), 50 long-tailed chinchillas (chinchilla lanigera), and 70 nutrias (myocastor coypus), at 14 farms. samples were examined for the presence of cryptosporidium using microscopy (following aniline-carbol-methyl violet staining) and sequence analysis ... | 2017 | 28482327 |
| mesopredator behavioral response to olfactory signals of an apex predator. | olfactory signals constitute an important mechanism in interspecific interactions, but little is known regarding their role in communication between predator species. we analyzed the behavioral responses of a mesopredator, the red fox (vulpes vulpes), to an olfactory cue (scat) of an apex predator, the lynx (lynx lynx) in białowieża primeval forest, poland, using video camera traps. red fox visited sites with scats more often than expected and the duration of their visits was longer at scat site ... | 2017 | 28496288 |
| morphological and molecular identification of sarcocystis arctica sarcocysts in three red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from the czech republic. | muscular sarcocystosis by sarcocystis arctica was found for the first time in the czech republic, in different muscles of red fox (vulpes vulpes). cysts were slim, elongated, thread-like, whitish, 1-7mm long, and 206-270μm wide; bradyzoites were 7.9×2.7μm in unstained wet mounts and 9.2×2.9μm in cyst giemsa-stained smears. the cyst wall was thin, with short villi-like protrusions, and no host response was observed in the histological sections. examination of the distribution and intensity of sar ... | 2017 | 28499980 |
| molecular detection of tick-borne pathogens in wild red foxes (vulpes vulpes) from central italy. | spleen samples from 153 red foxes, shot during regular hunting season in the province of pisa (central italy), were examined to detect dna of anaplasma phagocytophilum, ehrlichia canis, coxiella burnetii, francisella tularensis, hepatozoon canis and babesia sp./theileria sp. dna of vector-borne pathogens was detected in 120 (78.43%; 95% ci: 71.06-84.66%) foxes. specifically, 75 (49%; 95% ci: 40.86-57.22%) animals scored pcr-positive per h. canis, 68 (44.44%; 95% ci: 36.42-52.69%) for e. canis, 3 ... | 2017 | 28502642 |
| first report of angiostrongylus vasorum in a wild red fox (vulpes vulpes) from apulia (italy). | severe lung strongylosis was detected in a wild red fox (vulpes vulpes) (1/12) from apulia (italy). we performed routine diagnostics on 12 foxes found dead in apulia. eleven of them showed lesions consistent with a vehicle collision. however, the remaining fox appeared to have died from other causes. at necropsy we observed, catarrhal enteritis, fatty liver, lung congestion with some areas rm in consistence and brain haemorrhages and malacia. histopathology revealed lung brosis with mononucleate ... | 2017 | 28528533 |
| exclusion by interference competition? the relationship between red and arctic foxes. | the distribution of many predators may be limited by interactions with larger predator species. the arctic fox in mainland europe is endangered, while the red fox is increasing its range in the north. it has been suggested that the southern distribution limit of the arctic fox is determined by interspecific competition with the red fox. this has been criticised, on the basis that the species co-exist on a regional scale. however, if the larger red fox is superior and interspecific competition im ... | 2002 | 28547354 |
| detection of canine adenovirus 1 in red foxes ( vulpes vulpes) and raccoons ( procyon lotor) in germany with a taqman real-time pcr assay. | we developed a real-time (rt)pcr assay based on taqman probe technology for the specific detection of canine adenovirus 1 (cadv-1). the assay is able to detect three 50% tissue culture infectious dose/ml in cadv-1-containing cell culture supernatant. viral genomes were not amplified of canine adenovirus 2 or of several bovine, porcine, and avian adenoviruses. in silico analysis provided no indication of amplification of other heterologous genomes. the sensitivity of the real-time assay exceeded ... | 2017 | 28581363 |
| scavenging on a pulsed resource: quality matters for corvids but density for mammals. | human food subsidies can provide predictable food sources in large quantities for wildlife species worldwide. in the boreal forest of fennoscandia, gut piles from moose (alces alces) harvest provide a potentially important food source for a range of opportunistically scavenging predators. increased populations of predators can negatively affect threatened or important game species. as a response to this, restrictions on field dressing of moose are under consideration in parts of norway. however, ... | 2017 | 28619108 |
| lipids of the tail gland, body and muzzle fur of the red fox, vulpes vulpes. | the tail gland of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) secretes lipids containing volatile terpenes used in social communication. we have analysed lipids extracted from fur of the tail gland, body (flanks) and muzzle of foxes. gc-ms showed a novel group of iso-valerate and tiglate monoesters of alkane-1,2-diols (c18:0-22:0). there was also a larger group of type ii diesters in which a second, longer chain, fatty acid (fa) was attached to the free alcohol group. lc-ms showed the full range of diol diester ... | 2017 | 28631070 |
| do terrestrial animals avoid areas close to turbines in functioning wind farms in agricultural landscapes? | most studies on the effects of wind energy on animals have focused on avian and bat activity, habitat use, and mortality, whereas very few have been published on terrestrial, non-volant wildlife. in this paper, we studied the utilization of functioning wind farm areas by four terrestrial animals common to agricultural landscapes: european roe deer, european hare, red fox, and the common pheasant. firstly, we expected that the studied animals do not avoid areas close to turbines and utilize the w ... | 2017 | 28631229 |
| genetic characterization of sarcoptes scabiei from black bears (ursus americanus) and other hosts in eastern united states. | since the early 1990s there has been an increase in the number of cases and geographic expansion of severe mange in the black bear (ursus americanus) population in pennsylvania. although there are 3 species of mites associated with mange in bears, sarcoptes scabiei has been identified as the etiologic agent in these pennsylvania cases. historically s. scabiei-associated mange in bears has been uncommon and sporadic although it is widespread and relatively common in canid populations. to better u ... | 2017 | 28639466 |
| oral vaccination of wildlife against rabies: differences among host species in vaccine uptake efficiency. | oral vaccination using attenuated and recombinant rabies vaccines has been proven a powerful tool to combat rabies in wildlife. however, clear differences have been observed in vaccine titers needed to induce a protective immune response against rabies after oral vaccination in different reservoir species. the mechanisms contributing to the observed resistance against oral rabies vaccination in some species are not completely understood. hence, the immunogenicity of the vaccine virus strain, spb ... | 2017 | 28641888 |
| who are the important predators of sea turtle nests at wreck rock beach? | excessive sea turtle nest predation is a problem for conservation management of sea turtle populations. this study assessed predation on nests of the endangered loggerhead sea turtle (caretta caretta) at wreck rock beach adjacent to deepwater national park in southeast queensland, australia after a control program for feral foxes was instigated. the presence of predators on the nesting dune was evaluated by tracking plots (2 × 1 m) every 100 m along the dune front. there were 21 (2014-2015) and ... | 2017 | 28674666 |
| a step forward in the understanding of the presence and expansion of echinococcus multilocularis in eastern europe using microsatellite emsb genotyping in poland. | alveolar echinococcosis is a severe zoonotic disease caused by the parasite echinococcus multilocularis. in europe, the lifecycle of this cestode is mainly sylvatic based on a prey-predator interaction between the red fox and small rodents as definitive and intermediate hosts, respectively. national surveillance of e. multilocularis in red foxes in poland has reported a clear distinction between low endemic areas (from 2 to 5.7%) in the western half and high endemic areas (11.8 to 50.0%) in the ... | 2017 | 28688974 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum in romania: an extensive survey in red foxes, vulpes vulpes. | angiostrongylus vasorum is the causative agent of canine angiostrongylosis, a severe snail-borne disease of dogs. red foxes are important natural reservoirs of infection, and surveys of foxes provide a more objective picture of the parasite distribution. our aim was to investigate the possibility of the presence of a. vasorum in red foxes from the western part of romania and to analyse the risk factors related to the sex, age and geographic origin of the foxes. between july 2016 and april 2017, ... | 2017 | 28701176 |
| distinct features of intraspecific and intrapopulation variability of the skull size in the red fox. | the range of chronographic variability of the average size of the skull in the red fox (data collected by the authors) from a compact area in the middle urals has been assessed for a 30-year period, and the results obtained have been compared with the published data on the geographical variability within the vast species range. the range of changes of the average dimensions of the skull over time spanned almost the entire range of geographical variability. therefore, the problem of search for fa ... | 2017 | 28702726 |
| filarioid infections in wild carnivores: a multispecies survey in romania. | filarioids are vector-borne parasitic nematodes of vertebrates. in europe, eight species of filarioids, including zoonotic species, have been reported mainly in domestic dogs, and occasionally in wild carnivores. in romania, infections with dirofilaria spp. and acanthocheilonema reconditum are endemic in domestic dogs. despite the abundant populations of wild carnivores in the country, their role in the epidemiology of filarioid parasites remains largely unknown. the aim of the present study was ... | 2017 | 28705255 |
| central vestibular syndrome in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) with presumptive right caudal cerebral artery ischemic infarct and prevalent midbrain involvement. | a wild young male red fox (vulpes vulpes) was found in the mountainous hinterland of rome (italy) with a heavily depressed mental status and unresponsive to the surrounding environment. neurological examination revealed depression, left circling, right head tilt, ventromedial positional strabismus and decreased postural reactions on the left side. neurological abnormalities were suggestive of central vestibular syndrome. two consecutive mris performed with 30 days interval were compatible with l ... | 2017 | 28717604 |
| ecological role of vertebrate scavengers in urban ecosystems in the uk. | recent research has demonstrated how scavenging, the act of consuming dead animals, plays a key role in ecosystem structure, functioning, and stability. a growing number of studies suggest that vertebrate scavengers also provide key ecosystem services, the benefits humans gain from the natural world, particularly in the removal of carcasses from the environment. an increasing proportion of the human population is now residing in cities and towns, many of which, despite being highly altered envir ... | 2016 | 28725378 |
| repeated inoculations with the lung and heartworm nematode angiostrongylus vasorum result in increasing larval excretion and worm burden in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | the french heartworm angiostongylus vasorum is found in european red fox (vulpes vulpes) and dog populations, where it appears to be spreading geographically. once introduced into new areas, it establishes in local fox populations, typically to over 50% prevalence in a few years. high susceptibility and constant excretion of first stage larvae (l1) by the definitive hosts are prerequisites for sustaining high parasite biomass in a particular habitat. the present study explores the hypothesis tha ... | 2017 | 28725552 |
| ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block: cadaveric study in foxes (vulpes vulpes). | to describe an ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block in canidae. | 2017 | 28728944 |
| novel adenoviruses detected in british mustelids, including a unique aviadenovirus in the tissues of pine martens (martes martes). | several adenoviruses are known to cause severe disease in veterinary species. recent evidence suggests that canine adenovirus type 1 (cav-1) persists in the tissues of healthy red foxes (vulpes vulpes), which may be a source of infection for susceptible species. it was hypothesized that mustelids native to the uk, including pine martens (martes martes) and eurasian otters (lutra lutra), may also be persistently infected with adenoviruses. based on high-throughput sequencing and additional sanger ... | 2017 | 28749327 |
| systemic aa amyloidosis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). | amyloid a (aa) amyloidosis occurs spontaneously in many mammals and birds, but the prevalence varies considerably among different species, and even among subgroups of the same species. the blue fox and the gray fox seem to be resistant to the development of aa amyloidosis, while island foxes have a high prevalence of the disease. herein, we report on the identification of aa amyloidosis in the red fox (vulpes vulpes). edman degradation and tandem ms analysis of proteolyzed amyloid protein reveal ... | 2017 | 28791746 |
| the economic implications of sylvatic rabies eradication in italy. | after more than 10 years of absence, sylvatic rabies re-appeared in italy in 2008. to prevent disease spread, three oral rabies vaccination (orv) campaigns targeting red foxes were performed through manual distribution of vaccine baits between january and september 2009. as these campaigns proved unsuccessful, at the end of december 2009, baits started being distributed using helicopters, allowing uniform coverage of larger areas in a shorter time period. from winter 2009 to autumn 2016, a total ... | 2017 | 28795513 |
| angiostrongylus vasorum in wolves in italy: prevalence and pathological findings. | angiostrongylus vasorum is a nematode residing in the heart and pulmonary vessels of dogs and wild carnivores. in europe the red fox is its reservoir, while only three records from wolves have been published. angiostrongylus vasorum has a worldwide distribution, and many pieces of evidence demonstrate that it is spreading from endemic areas to new ones. in italy, a. vasorum was reported with increasing frequency in dogs and foxes in the last decades, and now it is considered endemic throughout t ... | 2017 | 28800774 |
| neglected intravascular pathogens, babesia vulpes and haemotropic mycoplasma spp. in european red fox (vulpes vulpes) population. | wild animals, especially canids, are important reservoirs of vector-borne pathogens, that are transmitted by the ticks and other bloodsucking arthropods. in total, 300 red foxes (vulpes vulpes), shot by the hunters in eastern and northern slovakia, were screened for the presence of vector-borne pathogens by pcr-based methods blood samples were obtained from nine red foxes and tissue samples originated from 291 animals (the liver tissue samples from 49 foxes and spleen samples from 242 red foxes) ... | 2017 | 28807289 |
| group a rotavirus associated with encephalitis in red fox. | in 2011, a group a rotavirus was isolated from the brain of a fox with encephalitis and neurologic signs, detected by rabies surveillance in italy. intracerebral inoculation of fox brain homogenates into mice was fatal. genome sequencing revealed a heterologous rotavirus of avian origin, which could provide a model for investigating rotavirus neurovirulence. | 2017 | 28820385 |
| y-chromosome markers for the red fox. | the de novo assembly of the red fox (vulpes vulpes) genome has facilitated the development of genomic tools for the species. efforts to identify the population history of red foxes in north america have previously been limited by a lack of information about the red fox y-chromosome sequence. however, a megabase of red fox y-chromosome sequence was recently identified over 2 scaffolds in the reference genome. here, these scaffolds were scanned for repeated motifs, revealing 194 likely microsatell ... | 2017 | 28821189 |
| fear or food - abundance of red fox in relation to occurrence of lynx and wolf. | apex predators may affect mesopredators through intraguild predation and/or supply of carrion from their prey, causing a trade-off between avoidance and attractiveness. we used wildlife triangle snow-tracking data to investigate the abundance of red fox (vulpes vulpes) in relation to lynx (lynx lynx) and wolf (canis lupus) occurrence as well as land composition and vole (microtus spp.) density. data from the swedish wolf-monitoring system and vhf/gps-collared wolves were used to study the effect ... | 2017 | 28831079 |
| occurrence and diversity of arthropod-transmitted pathogens in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in western austria, and possible vertical (transplacental) transmission of hepatozoon canis. | red fox (vulpes vulpes) is the most abundant wild canid species in austria, and it is a well-known carrier of many pathogens of medical and veterinary concern. the main aim of the present study was to investigate the occurrence and diversity of protozoan, bacterial and filarial parasites transmitted by blood-feeding arthropods in a red fox population in western austria. blood (n = 351) and spleen (n = 506) samples from foxes were examined by pcr and sequencing and the following pathogens were id ... | 2017 | 28835291 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay-a rapid detection tool for identifying red fox (vulpes vulpes) dna in the carcasses of harbour porpoises (phocoena phocoena). | carcasses of wild animals are often visited by different scavengers. however, determining which scavenger caused certain types of bite marks is particularly difficult and knowledge thereof is lacking. therefore, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay (target sequence cytochrome b) was developed to detect red fox dna in carcasses of harbour porpoises. the mswab™ method for direct testing without prior dna isolation was validated. as a detection device, the portable real-time fluoro ... | 2017 | 28863185 |
| trichinella infections in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (canis aureus) in six districts of serbia. | wild animals, including red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and golden jackals (canis aureus), are the most important reservoirs of trichinella spp. although the red fox is considered one of the main reservoirs of trichinella spp. in europe, only a few animals have been examined in serbia. the present study assessed trichinella spp. infection in red foxes and golden jackals from the six districts in serbia. thirty-seven carcasses of red foxes and 13 carcasses of golden jackals shot during the official hun ... | 2017 | 28920804 |
| introduction of canine parvovirus 2 into wildlife on the island of newfoundland, canada. | canine parvovirus-2 (cpv-2) and feline panleukopenia virus (fpv) (species carnivore protoparvovirus 1, family parvoviridae) cause a severe gastrointestinal disease associated with immune depression in a broad range of terrestrial carnivores. we report here the first molecular epidemiological investigation of protoparvoviruses on the island of newfoundland, canada. in particular, we investigated red foxes (vulpes vulpes deletrix) and lynx (lynx canadensis subsolanus), two autochthonous species, a ... | 2017 | 28935611 |
| human-modified habitats facilitate forest-dwelling populations of an invasive predator, vulpes vulpes. | invasive and over-abundant predators pose a major threat to biodiversity and often benefit from human activities. effective management requires understanding predator use of human-modified habitats (including resource subsidies and disturbed environments), and individual variation within populations. we investigated selection for human-modified habitats by invasive red foxes, vulpes vulpes, within two predominantly forested australian landscapes. we predicted that foxes would select for human-mo ... | 2017 | 28947832 |
| assessment of dose rate to terrestrial biota in the area around coal fired power plant applying erica tool and resrad biota code. | this paper presents the environmental radiation risk assessment based on two software program approaches erica tool (version 1.2) and resrad biota (version 1.5) to estimate dose rates to terrestrial biota in the area around the largest coal fired power plant in serbia. for dose rate assessment software's default reference animals and plants and the best estimated values of activity concentrations of 238u, 234u, 234th, 232th, 230th, 226ra, 210pb, 210po, 137cs in soil were used. both approaches re ... | 2017 | 28964597 |
| trichinella spiralis a new alien parasite in italy and the increased risk of infection for domestic and wild swine. | in europe, trichinella spiralis, the most dangerous species for humans of the genus trichinella, has a patchy distribution with important foci in eastern countries and spain. this zoonotic pathogen was apparently not circulating among wild and domestic animals of italy. in 2016, muscle larvae belonging to this nematode species were detected in a red fox (vulpes vulpes) shot in the piacenza province (northern italy). this parasite may have been introduced into northern italy from eastern europe b ... | 2017 | 28969769 |
| occurrence of tongue worm,linguatula cf. serrata(pentastomida: linguatulidae) in wild canids and livestock in south-eastern australia. | pentastomids are obligate zoonotic arthropod parasites utilising canids and vulpids as their definitive hosts and several herbivorous species as their intermediate hosts. reported only 10 times in australia over the last 150 years as incidental findings, adult pentastomids referred to aslinguatula serratahave been encountered in nasal cavities of domestic and wild dogs, and foxes. nymphs have been reported in cattle and rabbits. in the present study, a number of potential definitive hosts, inclu ... | 2017 | 28971014 |
| prey selection and dietary flexibility of three species of mammalian predator during an irruption of non-cyclic prey. | predators often display dietary shifts in response to fluctuating prey in cyclic systems, but little is known about predator diets in systems that experience non-cyclic prey irruptions. we tracked dietary shifts by feral cats (felis catus), red foxes (vulpes vulpes) and dingoes (canis dingo) through a non-cyclic irruption of small mammalian prey in the simpson desert, central australia. we predicted that all three predators would alter their diets to varying degrees as small mammals declined pos ... | 2017 | 28989739 |
| first report of pneumonia caused by angiostrongylus vasorum in a golden jackal. | angiostrongylosis caused by metastrongyloid nematode angiostrongylus vasorum is an emerging parasitic disease in europe and the red fox (vulpes vulpes) is considered as a main reservoir species for this parasite. little is known about the role of other wild canids in the epidemiology of angiostrongylosis. the present paper provides the first description of pathomorphological lesions caused by a. vasorum in a golden jackal (canis aureus). the paper describes a case of co-infection with a. vasorum ... | 2017 | 29035862 |
| first molecular identification of kobuviruses in wolves (canis lupus) in italy. | canine kobuviruses (cakovs) were first identified in diarrhoeic and asymptomatic dogs in 2011 in the usa. subsequent studies have demonstrated a worldwide distribution of these viruses, but it is not clear if cakovs play a role as enteric pathogens of dogs. more recently, cakov rna has been detected in wild carnivores, including red fox, golden jackal, side-striped jackal and spotted hyena. in this study, we addressed the hypothesis that wolves are susceptible to cakov infections. a total of 185 ... | 2018 | 29101539 |
| informed actions: where to cost effectively manage multiple threats to species to maximize return on investment. | conservation practitioners, faced with managing multiple threats to biodiversity and limited funding, must prioritize investment in different management actions. from an economic perspective, it is routine practice to invest where the highest rate of return is expected. this return-on-investment (roi) thinking can also benefit species conservation, and researchers are developing sophisticated approaches to support decision-making for cost-effective conservation. however, applied use of these app ... | 2019 | 29160659 |
| potential role of wolf (canis lupus) as passive carrier of european brown hare syndrome virus (ebhsv). | european brown hare syndrome virus (ebhsv) was detected in a faecal swab collected from a wolf carcass in northern italy. the full-length genome of the ebhsv wolf/17/2016/ita strain was determined. in the vp60 capsid gene, the wolf strain displayed the highest genetic identity (99.2-99.1% nucleotide and 99.6-99.7% amino acid) with two ebhsv strains recently found in the intestinal content of a red fox and in the spleen and liver of a hare in northern italy. this finding poses interrogatives on t ... | 2017 | 29195228 |
| trypanosoma cruzi strain tciv infects raccoons from illinois. | the northern limits of trypanosoma cruzi across the territory of the united states remain unknown. the known vectors triatoma sanguisuga and t. lecticularia find their northernmost limits in illinois; yet, earlier screenings of those insects did not reveal the presence of the pathogen, which has not been reported in vectors or reservoir hosts in this state. | 2018 | 29211106 |
| liver and fecal samples suggest differential exposure of red fox (vulpes vulpes) to trans- and cis-bromadiolone in areas from france treated with plant protection products. | 2018 | 29227943 | |
| molecular characterization of enterocytozoon bieneusi in wild carnivores in spain. | microsporidia comprises a diverse group of obligate intracellular parasites that infect a broad range of invertebrates and vertebrates. among microsporidia, enterocytozoon bieneusi is the most frequently detected species in humans and animals worldwide bringing into question the possible role of animal reservoirs in the epidemiology of this pathogen. although e. bieneusi is an emerging zoonotic pathogen able to infect many domestic and wild mammals that could act as reservoir of infection for hu ... | 2017 | 29230898 |
| trichinella spp. biomass has increased in raccoon dogs (nyctereutes procyonoides) and red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in estonia. | raccoon dogs and red foxes are well-adapted hosts for trichinella spp. the aims of this study were to estimate trichinella infection prevalence and biomass and to investigate which trichinella species circulated in these indicator hosts in estonia. | 2017 | 29246168 |
| latent class models for echinococcus multilocularis diagnosis in foxes in switzerland in the absence of a gold standard. | in europe the principal definitive host for echinococcus multilocularis, causing alveolar echinococcosis in humans, is the red fox (vulpes vulpes). obtaining reliable estimates of the prevalence of e. multilocularis and relevant risk factors for infection in foxes can be difficult if diagnostic tests with unknown test accuracies are used. latent-class analysis can be used to obtain estimates of diagnostic test sensitivities and specificities in the absence of a perfect gold standard. samples fro ... | 2017 | 29258612 |
| serum concentration of macro-, micro-, and trace elements in silver fox (vulpes vulpes) and their interrelationships with morphometric, densitometric, and mechanical properties of the mandible. | the optimal content of macro-, micro-, and trace elements in tissues ensures proper systemic growth and development and optimal health status in animals and humans. however, very little is known on the elemental content in the plasma compartment in silver fox. the aim of this study was to determine the content of selected elements in serum obtained from 8-month-old female (n = 8) and male (n = 7) silver foxes. moreover, relationships of the evaluated elements with the morphological, densitometri ... | 2017 | 29264823 |
| first detection of echinococcus multilocularis in croatia. | echinococcus multilocularis has been spreading through europe but has not yet been reported in croatia. we report the results of a surveillance programme to detect e. multilocularis in red foxes (vulpes vulpes) in different parts of croatia. pcr-based screening of faecal samples from 238 red foxes in 2015 and 150 in 2016 indicate prevalences of 7.5% in 2015 and 6.6% in 2016 (overall 7.2%, ci 4.9 to 10.3). positive samples were confirmed by sequencing parts of the nad1 gene and the gene encoding ... | 2018 | 29280073 |
| gis-based environmental analysis of fox and canine lungworm distribution: an epidemiological study of angiostrongylus vasorum and crenosoma vulpis in red foxes from slovakia. | over a period of intervening years, the distribution of two canine cardiopulmonary metastrongylid nematodes, angiostrongylus vasorum and crenosoma vulpis, has been recognised in central europe. here, we report the first epidemiological research conducted in red foxes from slovakia and the potential influence of selected environmental variables on the parasites' occurrence, quantified by logistic regression. the environmental models revealed that distribution of c. vulpis is not significantly inf ... | 2018 | 29297093 |
| development of a genotype-by-sequencing immunogenetic assay as exemplified by screening for variation in red fox with and without endemic rabies exposure. | pathogens are recognized as major drivers of local adaptation in wildlife systems. by determining which gene variants are favored in local interactions among populations with and without disease, spatially explicit adaptive responses to pathogens can be elucidated. much of our current understanding of host responses to disease comes from a small number of genes associated with an immune response. high-throughput sequencing (hts) technologies, such as genotype-by-sequencing (gbs), facilitate expa ... | 2018 | 29321894 |