Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
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| immune and environment-driven gene expression during invasion: an eco-immunological application of rna-seq. | host-pathogen associations change rapidly during a biological invasion and are predicted to impose strong selection on immune function. it has been proposed that the invader may experience an abrupt reduction in pathogen-mediated selection ("enemy release"), thereby favoring decreased investment into "costly" immune responses. across plants and animals, there is mixed support for this prediction. pathogens are not the only form of selection imposed on invaders; differences in abiotic environment ... | 2019 | 31236254 |
| different vasodilator mechanisms in intermediate- and small-sized arteries from the hindlimb vasculature of the toad rhinella marina. | in this study, myography was used to determine the effect of arterial size on nitric oxide (no) vasodilatory mechanisms in the hindlimb vasculature of the toad rhinella marina. immunohistochemical analysis showed no synthase (nos) 1 immunoreactivity in perivascular nitrergic nerves in the iliac and sciatic arteries. furthermore, nos3 immunoreactivity was observed in the vascular smooth muscle of the sciatic artery, but not the endothelium. acetylcholine (ach) was used to facilitate intracellular ... | 2019 | 31242019 |
| biological control of pests and a social model of animal welfare. | this paper considers the sociocultural implications of biological pest control that sit at the cusp of managing an invasive species for conservation or productivity (i.e. a 'natural enemy') and socially driven 'manipulating life' arguments. we consider the role of perceived humaneness or, more accurately, animal welfare as it relates to managing invasive species from a scientific and social perspective. in order to highlight and articulate particular nuances and standards across different pest c ... | 2019 | 31252230 |
| comparative cytogenetics of nine populations of the rhinella genus (anura, bufonidae) with a highlight on their conservative karyotype. | the genus rhinella is one of the most diverse groups of bufonid toads, currently composed by 93 valid species and naturally distributed throughout different neotropical ecoregions. here, we analyze nine brazilian populations of toads representing species of the rhinella margaritifera and rhinella marina groups. these new data include the first description of the r. hoogmoedi and r. proboscidae karyotypes, as well as other taxonomically unresolved forms. chromosomal analysis of the populations re ... | 2020 | 31259364 |
| corrigendum to "biochemical and biological profile of parotoid secretion of the amazonian rhinella marina (anura: bufonidae)". | [this corrects the article doi: 10.1155/2019/2492315.]. | 2019 | 31263705 |
| cytotoxicity and antimitotic activity of rhinella schneideri and rhinella marina venoms. | rhinella schneideri and rhinella marina are toad venoms distributed in different parts of the world, including brazil, columbia and amazon. venoms extracted from different species have many clinical applications such as antimicrobial cardiotonics and treatment of cancer. aim of the study; in this study, we aim to investigate the effect of venoms extracted from r. schneideri and r. marina on cancer cells and verify possible mechanism of action. | 2019 | 31265888 |
| may the (selective) force be with you: spatial sorting and natural selection exert opposing forces on limb length in an invasive amphibian. | spatial sorting on invasion fronts drives the evolution of dispersive phenotypes, and in doing so can push phenotypes in the opposite direction to natural selection. the invasion of cane toads (rhinella marina) through tropical australia has accelerated over recent decades because of the accumulation of dispersal-enhancing traits at the invasion front, driven by spatial sorting. one such trait is the length of the forelimbs: invasion-front toads have longer arms (relative to body length) in comp ... | 2019 | 31278788 |
| occurrence of rat lungworm (angiostrongylus cantonensis) in invasive coqui frogs (eleutherodactylus coqui) and other hosts in hawaii, usa. | the rat lungworm (angiostrongylus cantonensis) has emerged as an important human and animal health concern in hawaii, us. although the life cycle of the parasite requires both rat and gastropod hosts, other animals acting as paratenic hosts, such as frogs and centipedes, have been identified as sources of infection. we investigated the occurrence of rat lungworm infections in potential paratenic hosts in hawaii to provide information on how they might be involved in transmission of angiostrongyl ... | 2020 | 31295084 |
| at the invasion front, male cane toads (rhinella marina) have smaller testes. | as a colonizing species expands its range, individuals at the invasion front experience different evolutionary pressures than do those at the range-core. for example, low densities at the edge of the range mean that males should rarely experience intense sperm competition from rivals; and investment into reproduction may trade-off with adaptations for more rapid dispersal. both of these processes are predicted to favour a reduction in testis size at the invasion front. to explore effects of inva ... | 2019 | 31337295 |
| non-reproductive male cane toads (rhinella marina) withhold sex-identifying information from their rivals. | a male cane toad (rhinella marina) that mistakenly clasps another male (rather than a female) in a sexual embrace (amplexus) can be induced to dismount by a male-specific 'release call'. although that sex-identifying system can benefit both males in that interaction, our standardized tests showed that one-third of male cane toads did not emit release calls when grasped. most of those silent males were small, had small testes relative to body mass, and had poorly developed secondary sexual charac ... | 2019 | 31409244 |
| disease exposure and antifungal bacteria on skin of invasive cane toads, australia. | cane toads, an invasive species in australia, are resistant to fungal pathogens affecting frogs worldwide (batrachochytrium dendrobatidis). from toad skin swabs, we detected higher proportions of bacteria with antifungal properties in queensland, where toad and pathogen distributions overlap, than in other sites. this finding suggests that site-specific pathogen pressures help shape skin microbial communities. | 2019 | 31441753 |
| new bufadienolides extracted from rhinella marina inhibit na,k-atpase and induce apoptosis by activating caspases 3 and 9 in human breast and ovarian cancer cells. | bufadienolide compounds have been used for growth inhibition and apoptosis induction in tumor cells. those families of cardiotonic steroids can bind the na,k-atpase, causing its inhibition. the use of bufadienolides is widely described in the literature as an anticancer function. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of bufadienolides and alkaloid isolated from venom samples from r. marina on tumor cells. we performed cytotoxicity assay in mda-mb-231 and tov-21g cells and evaluated t ... | 2019 | 31499071 |
| pathology associated with an outbreak of entamoebiasis in wild cane toads (rhinella marina) in tropical australia. | infection due to entamoeba spp. is known to cause serious disease in primates (entamoeba histolytica) and snakes (entamoeba invadens), but there are no detailed descriptions of the pathology associated with entamoeba spp. infection in amphibians. in 2014, an outbreak of entamoebiasis associated with a novel species of entamoeba induced clinical illness and poor body condition in free-ranging cane toads in australia's northern territory. here, we describe the gross pathology, histology, and clini ... | 2019 | 31526112 |
| chromosome-level assembly of the mustache toad genome using third-generation dna sequencing and hi-c analysis. | the mustache toad, vibrissaphora ailaonica, is endemic to china and belongs to the megophryidae family. like other mustache toad species, v. ailaonica males temporarily develop keratinized nuptial spines on their upper jaw during each breeding season, which fall off at the end of the breeding season. this feature is likely result of the reversal of sexual dimorphism in body size, with males being larger than females. a high-quality reference genome for the mustache toad would be invaluable to in ... | 2019 | 31544214 |
| spinal arthritis in invasive cane toads is linked to rate of dispersal as well as to latitude. | initial research on the spread of cane toads (rhinella marina) through tropical australia reported a high incidence of spinal arthritis (spondylosis) in toads at the invasion front (where toads disperse rapidly), but not in areas colonized earlier (where toads are more sedentary). the idea that spondylosis was a cost of rapid dispersal was challenged by wider spatial sampling which linked rates of spondylosis to hot (tropical) climates rather than to dispersal rates. here, the authors of these c ... | 2019 | 31562362 |
| evolutionary simulations of z-linked suppression gene drives. | synthetic gene drives may soon be used to suppress or eliminate populations of disease vectors, pathogens, invasive species, and agricultural pests. recent proposals have focused on using z-linked gene drives to control species with zw sex determination, which include lepidopteran pests, parasitic trematodes, and cane toads. these proposals include z-linked 'w-shredders', which would suppress populations by cleaving the w chromosome and causing females to produce only sons, as well as z-linked f ... | 2019 | 31594512 |
| laryngeal demasculinization in wild cane toads varies with land use. | anthropogenic factors, including the spread of endocrine-disrupting chemicals, have been linked to alterations in the reproductive physiology, morphology, and behavior of wildlife. few studies of endocrine disruption, however, focus on secondary sexual traits that affect mating signals, despite their importance for reproductive success. the larynx of many anurans (frogs and toads), for example, is larger in males than in females and is crucial for producing mating calls. we aim to determine if w ... | 2019 | 31628632 |
| the effects of conspecific alarm cues on larval cane toads (rhinella marina). | many aquatic organisms detect and avoid damage-released cues from conspecifics, but the chemical basis of such responses, and the effects of prolonged exposure to such cues, remain poorly understood. injured tadpoles of the cane toad (rhinella marina) produce chemical cues that induce avoidance by conspecific tadpoles; and chronic exposure to those cues decreases rates of tadpole survival and growth, and reduces body size at metamorphosis. such effects suggest that we might be able to use the ca ... | 2019 | 31677136 |
| percutaneous absorption between frog species: variability in skin may influence delivery of therapeutics. | frogs have permeable skin, so transdermal delivery provides a practical alternative to traditional dosing routes. however, little is known about how frog skin permeability differs interspecifically, and there are different reported clinical outcomes following topical application of the same chemical in different frog species. this study collated in vitro absorption kinetic data previously reported for two frog species: the green tree frog (litoria caerulea) and the cane toad (rhinella marina), a ... | 2020 | 31769075 |
| diversity of extracellular matrix morphology in vertebrate skeletal muscle. | existing data suggest the extracellular matrix (ecm) of vertebrate skeletal muscle consists of several morphologically distinct layers: an endomysium, perimysium, and epimysium surrounding muscle fibers, fascicles, and whole muscles, respectively. these ecm layers are hypothesized to serve important functional roles within muscle, influencing passive mechanics, providing avenues for force transmission, and influencing dynamic shape changes during contraction. the morphology of the skeletal muscl ... | 2020 | 31840868 |
| increased adaptive variation despite reduced overall genetic diversity in a rapidly adapting invader. | invasive species often evolve rapidly following introduction despite genetic bottlenecks that may result from small numbers of founders; however, some invasions may not fit this "genetic paradox". the invasive cane toad (rhinella marina) displays high phenotypic variation across its introduced australian range. here, we used three genome-wide datasets to characterize their population structure and genetic diversity. we found that toads form three genetic clusters: 1) native range toads, 2) toads ... | 2019 | 31850072 |
| the roles of vicariance and dispersal in the differentiation of two species of the rhinella marina species complex. | the high levels of neotropical biodiversity are commonly associated with the intense neogene-quaternary geological events and climate dynamics. here, we investigate the evolutionary history of two species of neotropical closely related amphibians (r. horribilis and r. marina). we combine published data with new mitochondrial dna sequences and multiple nuclear markers, including 12 microsatellites. the phylogenetic analyses showed support for grouping the samples in two main clades; r. horribilis ... | 2020 | 31891757 |
| the integration of sensory feedback in the modulation of anuran landing preparation. | controlled landing requires preparation. mammals and bipedal birds vary how they prepare for landing by predicting the timing and magnitude of impact from the integration of visual and non-visual information. here, we explore how the cane toad rhinella marina - an animal that moves primarily through hopping - integrates sensory information to modulate landing preparation. earlier work suggests that toads may modulate landing preparation using predictions of impact timing and/or magnitude based o ... | 2020 | 31915199 |
| urbanization and translocation disrupt the relationship between host density and parasite abundance. | the species interactions that structure natural communities are increasingly disrupted by radical habitat change resulting from the widespread processes of urbanization and species translocations. although many species are disadvantaged by these changes, others thrive in these new environments, achieving densities that exceed those in natural habitats. often the same species that benefit from urbanization are successful invaders in introduced habitats, suggesting that similar processes promote t ... | 2020 | 31945186 |
| tradeoffs between dispersal and reproduction at an invasion front of cane toads in tropical australia. | individuals at the leading edge of a biological invasion experience novel evolutionary pressures on mating systems, due to low population densities coupled with tradeoffs between reproduction and dispersal. our dissections of >1,200 field-collected cane toads (rhinella marina) at a site in tropical australia reveal rapid changes in morphological and reproductive traits over a three-year period after the invaders first arrived. as predicted, individuals with dispersal-enhancing traits (longer leg ... | 2020 | 31949254 |
| a new species of pseudoacanthocephalus (acanthocephala: echinorhynchidae) from the guttural toad, sclerophrys gutturalis (bufonidae), introduced into mauritius, with comments on the implications of the introductions of toads and their parasites into the uk. | pseudoacanthocephalus goodmani n. sp. is described from faecal pellets collected from sclerophrys gutturalis (power, 1927), the guttural toad. the species is characterized by a suite of characters, including a proboscis armature of 14-18 longitudinal rows of 4-6 hooks with simple roots, lemnisci longer than the proboscis receptacle, equatorial testes, a cluster of elongated cement glands and eggs without polar prolongations of the middle membrane 72.6-85.8 long. the toad had been accidentally tr ... | 2020 | 31959277 |
| a comparison of nonlethal sampling methods for amphibian gut microbiome analyses. | noninvasive sampling methods for studying intestinal microbiomes are widely applied in studies of endangered species and in those conducting temporal monitoring during manipulative experiments. although existing studies show that noninvasive sampling methods among different taxa vary in their accuracy, no studies have yet been published comparing nonlethal sampling methods in adult amphibians. in this study, we compare microbiomes from two noninvasive sample types (faeces and cloacal swabs) to t ... | 2020 | 31990452 |
| a trophic cascade initiated by an invasive vertebrate alters the structure of native reptile communities. | invasive vertebrates are frequently reported to have catastrophic effects on the populations of species which they directly impact. it follows then, that if invaders exert strong suppressive effects on some species then other species will indirectly benefit due to ecological release from interactions with directly impacted species. however, evidence that invasive vertebrates trigger such trophic cascades and alter community structure in terrestrial ecosystems remains rare. here, we ask how the c ... | 2020 | 32034982 |
| innate immunity of florida cane toads: how dispersal has affected physiological responses to lps. | physiological tradeoffs occur in organisms coping with their environments, which are likely to increase as populations reach peripheries of established ranges. invasive species offer opportunities to study tradeoffs that occur, with many hypotheses focusing on how immune responses vary during dispersal. the cane toad (rhinella marina) is a well-known invasive species. populations near the expanding edge of the australian invasion have altered immune responses compared to toads from longer-establ ... | 2020 | 32189063 |
| diurnal activity in cane toads (rhinella marina) is geographically widespread. | although adult cane toads (rhinella marina) are generally active only at night, a recent study reported that individuals of this species switched to diurnal activity in response to encountering a novel habitat type (deeply shaded gorges) in the course of their australian invasion. our sampling over a broader geographic scale challenges the idea that this behaviour is novel; we documented diurnal behaviour both in the species' native range and in several sites within the invaded range, in multipl ... | 2020 | 32235835 |
| a new species of cosmocerca (nematoda, ascaridomorpha) from the marine toad rhinella marina (linnaeus) (anura, bufonidae) in australia. | the marine toad rhinella marina (linnaeus) (anura, bufonidae) is a notorious, exotic amphibian species in australia. however, our present knowledge of the composition of the nematode fauna of r. marina is still not complete. in the present study, a new cosmocercid nematode, cosmocerca multipapillatasp. nov., was described using both light and scanning electron microscopy, based on specimens collected from r. marina in australia. cosmocerca multipapillatasp. nov. can be easily distinguished from ... | 2020 | 32405238 |
| niche shifts and environmental non-equilibrium undermine the usefulness of ecological niche models for invasion risk assessments. | niche shifts and environmental non-equilibrium in invading alien species undermine niche-based predictions of alien species' potential distributions and, consequently, their usefulness for invasion risk assessments. here, we compared the realized climatic niches of four alien amphibian species (hylarana erythraea, rhinella marina, hoplobatrachus rugulosus, and kaloula pulchra) in their native and philippine-invaded ranges to investigate niche changes that have unfolded during their invasion and, ... | 2020 | 32409706 |
| exposure of cane toad hatchlings to older conspecifics suppresses chemosensory food tracking behaviour and increases risk of predation post-exposure. | attempts to control invasive species using species-specific pheromones need to incorporate an understanding of interactive effects among those pathways. the larvae of invasive cane toads (rhinella marina) utilise chemical cues to repulse, attract or suppress conspecific larvae. we can exploit these effects to reduce toad abundance, but the effects of each cue may not be additive. that is, exposure to one type of cue may lessen the impact of exposure to another cue. to assess this possibility, we ... | 2020 | 32469938 |
| stress and immunity: field comparisons among populations of invasive cane toads in florida. | cane toads (rhinella marina) were introduced worldwide and have become invasive in multiple locations, representing a major driver of biodiversity loss through competition (food, shelter, territory), predation, and the poisoning of native species. these toads have been used in australia as a model for studies concerning invasion biology and ecoimmunology, as longer-established (core) and invasion front (edge) populations show altered stress and immune response profiles. although cane toads were ... | 2020 | 32488987 |
| do epigenetic changes drive corticosterone responses to alarm cues in larvae of an invasive amphibian? | the developmental environment can exert powerful effects on animal phenotype. recently epigenetic modifications have emerged as one mechanism that can modulate developmentally plastic responses to environmental variability. for example, the dna methylation profile at promoters of hormone receptor genes can affect their expression and patterns of hormone release. across taxonomic groups, epigenetic alterations have been linked to changes in glucocorticoid (gc) physiology. gcs are metabolic hormon ... | 2020 | 32544233 |
| distribution of major toxins in rhinella marina parotoid macroglands using desorption-electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry imaging (desi-msi). | amphibian cutaneous glands secrete toxins used in different vital functions including passive defense. through desorption electrospray ionization-imaging we analyzed the distribution of the major toxins of the toad rhinella marina parotoid macroglands. alkaloids and steroids showed characteristic distribution and intensity within the glands and were also present at lower levels on the skin surface. a comprehensive overview of toxins distribution in toads' skin might help to understand their full ... | 2020 | 32550588 |
| an efficient strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and ph-zone-refining counter-current chromatography for selective enrichment, separation, and purification of alkaloids and organic acids from natural products. | this study presents an efficient strategy based on liquid-liquid extraction and ph-zone-refining counter-current chromatography for selective enrichment, separation, and purification of alkaloids and organic acids from natural products. first, an acid or base modified two-phase solvent system with maximum or minimum partition coefficient was developed for the liquid-liquid extraction of the crude extract. as a result, alkaloids or organic acids could be selectively enriched in the upper or lower ... | 2020 | 32678501 |
| apparent lack of spill-over of parasites from an invasive anuran: pcr detects entamoeba in cane toads (rhinella marina) but not in sympatric australian native frogs. | the recent detection of a novel amoebozoan parasite (entamoeba sp. ct1) killing invasive cane toads (rhinella marina) in tropical australia raises concerns of potential spill-over into native anuran populations. considering the vulnerability of anuran communities globally, entamoeba sp. ct1 may pose a serious threat to anuran biodiversity. through pcr-based detection and molecular identification, we investigated the prevalence of entamoeba spp. in the faeces and colon tissue of cane toads (rhine ... | 2020 | 32685367 |
| colonization history affects heating rates of invasive cane toads. | amphibians in hot climates may be able to avoid high temperatures by controlling their rates of heating. in northern australia, invasive cane toads (rhinella marina) experience hot dry conditions in newly-colonized (western) sites but milder conditions in longer-occupied (eastern) sites. under standardized conditions, toads from western sites heated less rapidly than did conspecifics from an eastern site. the availability of free water slowed heating rates of eastern but not western toads. thus, ... | 2020 | 32724106 |
| can models of percutaneous absorption based on in vitro data in frogs predict in vivo absorption? | the primary aim of in vitro testing of chemicals delivered via the percutaneous route is to predict the absorption that would ensue if exposure occurred in live animals. while there is mounting evidence that in vitro diffusion studies in mammalian skin can provide valid information regarding likely in vivo absorption, little is known whether such a correlation exists between in vitro diffusion testing and in vivo blood levels in amphibians. the current study used previously-reported in vitro abs ... | 2020 | 32726322 |
| toad venom antiproliferative activities on metastatic melanoma: bio-guided fractionation and screening of the compounds of two different venoms. | melanoma is the most common cancer in young adults, with a constantly increasing incidence. metastatic melanoma is a very aggressive cancer with a 5-year survival rate of about 22-25%. this is, in most cases, due to a lack of therapies which are effective on the long term. hence, it is crucial to find new therapeutic agents to increase patient survival. toad venoms are a rich source of potentially pharmaceutically active compounds and studies have highlighted their possible effect on cancer cell ... | 2020 | 32785105 |
| molecular detection of the reptile-associated borrelia group in amblyomma dissimile, mexico. | recently, the first record of borrelia associated with reptiles in mexico was published; however, no studies have been done to assess the role of mexican ticks as potential vectors of this borrelia group. amblyomma dissimile is a hard tick mainly associated with amphibians and reptiles in this country. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of borrelia in a. dissimile from mexico. we collected 60 a. dissimile individuals attached to 16 rhinella horribilis. dna was extracted and all s ... | 2020 | 32876949 |
| comparison of dilution on eastern box turtle (terrapene carolina carolina) and marine toad (rhinella marinus) blood parameters as measured on a portable chemistry analyzer. | biochemical testing is an important clinical tool in evaluating the physiology of reptiles and amphibians. suitable point of care analyzers can allow for rapid delivery of results, but small patient size can inhibit sufficient sample collection. this study evaluated the utility of sample dilution with sterile distilled water as a means of biochemical evaluation when sample volume is limited. blood was collected from 12 eastern box turtles (terrapene carolina carolina) and 12 marine toads (rhinel ... | 2020 | 32908664 |
| pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin meglumine following a single dose in marine toads (rhinella marina). | transdermal administration is an important method of pharmacologic drug therapy in amphibians, made possible by their unique skin physiology and permeability. despite this, there are relatively few studies that investigate transdermal pharmacokinetics in amphibians. the objective of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of transdermal flunixin meglumine applied topically to marine toads (rhinella marina). twenty-one adult marine toads were administered flunixin meglumine (3.3 mg/kg) ... | 2020 | 32908665 |
| entamoeba ranarum infection in a ball python (python regius). | the pathogenic entamoeba species in snakes is widely regarded to be entamoeba invadens, which can cause severe amoebiasis with up to 100% mortality. in this case report, we describe a ball python (python regius) that died after short-term weight loss. necropsy revealed severe necrotizing colitis with large numbers of intralesional entamoeba trophozoites. molecular genetic analysis identified these trophozoites as entamoeba ranarum, a parasite more usually found in amphibians. furthermore, the ex ... | 2020 | 32958152 |
| divergent influenza-like viruses of amphibians and fish support an ancient evolutionary association. | influenza viruses (family orthomyxoviridae) infect a variety of vertebrates, including birds, humans, and other mammals. recent metatranscriptomic studies have uncovered divergent influenza viruses in amphibians, fish and jawless vertebrates, suggesting that these viruses may be widely distributed. we sought to identify additional vertebrate influenza-like viruses through the analysis of publicly available rna sequencing data. accordingly, by data mining, we identified the complete coding segmen ... | 2020 | 32962015 |
| the parotoid gland secretion from peruvian toad rhinella horribilis (wiegmann, 1833): chemical composition and effect on the proliferation and migration of lung cancer cells. | since rhinella sp. toads produce bioactive substances, some species have been used in traditional medicine and magical practices by ancient cultures in peru. during several decades, the rhinella horribilis toad was confused with the invasive toad rhinella marina, a species documented with extensive toxinological studies. in contrast, the chemical composition and biological effects of the parotoid gland secretions (pgs) remain still unknown for r. horribilis. in this work, we determine for the fi ... | 2020 | 32971938 |
| field trials of chemical suppression of embryonic cane toads (rhinella marina) by older conspecifics. | laboratory experiments have shown that the viability of embryos of the invasive cane toad (rhinella marina) can be reduced by exposure to chemical cues from older conspecific larvae. these effects (very strong in laboratory trials) may offer an exciting new approach to controlling this problematic invasive species in australia. however, the degree to which the method works in natural environments has yet to be assessed.our experiments in the laboratory and in seminatural outdoor waterbodies show ... | 2020 | 33005373 |
| reassessment of a fossil specimen of rhinella marina (linnaeus, 1758) (anura: bufonidae), from early pleistocene of bolivia. | bufonidae is a cosmopolite and speciose clade that is currently hypothesized to have originated in gondwana around 78-99 ma (pramuk et al. 2008). the systematics of the family was assessed using morphological and molecular data, alone or in a total evidence analysis (pramuk 2006; pramuk et al. 2008; bocxlaer et al. 2010; pyron wiens 2011). due to taxonomic changes, most of the south american species of bufo garsault were relocated to the genus rhinella fitzinger, currently the second most specio ... | 2020 | 33056159 |
| got glycogen?: development and multispecies validation of the novel preserve, precipitate, lyse, precipitate, purify (pplpp) workflow for environmental dna extraction from longmire's preserved water samples. | unfiltered and filtered water samples can be used to collect environmental dna (edna). we developed the novel "preserve, precipitate, lyse, precipitate, purify" (pplpp) workflow to efficiently extract edna from longmire's preserved unfiltered and filtered water samples (44-100% recovery). the pplpp workflow includes initial glycogen-aided isopropanol precipitation, guanidium hypochlorite and triton x-100-based lysis, terminal glycogen-aided polyethylene glycol precipitation, and inhibitor purifi ... | 2020 | 33100918 |
| effect of multiradiance low-level laser therapy and topical silver sulfadiazine on healing characteristics of dermal wounds in marine toads (rhinella marina). | current recommendations for wound management in amphibians are based primarily on clinical experience and on extrapolation from other taxa, whereas controlled clinical studies are lacking. low-level laser therapy, also termed photobiomodulation, has gained popularity in veterinary medicine and may represent a valuable adjunct therapy for wound care in amphibians, though dosing and safety evaluations have not been previously reported. silver sulfadiazine (ssd), a topical antimicrobial, is commonl ... | 2020 | 33123338 |
| the accelerating anuran: evolution of locomotor performance in cane toads (rhinella marina, bufonidae) at an invasion front. | as is common in biological invasions, the rate at which cane toads (rhinella marina) have spread across tropical australia has accelerated through time. individuals at the invasion front travel further than range-core conspecifics and exhibit distinctive morphologies that may facilitate rapid dispersal. however, the links between these morphological changes and locomotor performance have not been clearly documented. we used raceway trials and high-speed videography to document locomotor traits ( ... | 2020 | 33171090 |