Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| a comparison of seven traps used for collection of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti originating from a large tire repository in harris county (houston), texas. | among 7 traps tested, significantly higher (p < 0.01) mean numbers of aedes albopictus (269) and aedes aegypti (55) females were collected within the mosquito magnet liberty trap compared with the remaining traps. the second highest mean captures for both species were obtained from omnidirectional fay-prince (77 ae. albopictus) and dragonfly (13 ae. aegypti) traps, which were not significantly different (p > 0.01) from an experimental moving-target trap that produced mean captures of 40 ae. albo ... | 2004 | 15669373 |
| mosquito vector control and biology in latin america--a fourteenth symposium. abstracts. | the 14th annual latin american symposium presented by the american mosquito control association (amca) was held as part of the 70th annual meeting in savannah, ga, in february 2004. the principal objective, as for the previous 13 symposia, was to promote participation in the amca by vector control specialists, public health workers, and academicians from latin america. this publication includes summaries of 37 presentations that were given orally in spanish or presented as posters by participant ... | 2004 | 15669378 |
| the use of andiroba carapa guianensis as larvicide against aedes albopictus. | andiroba carapa guianensis aubl. meliacea is known to possess repellent activity against many mosquito species. we evaluated the larvicidal effect of dry-scratched seed kernels of andiroba against a sylvatic f1 progeny and a laboratory-colonized population of aedes albopictus (skuse). the 3rd instar of f1 treated with 0.5 to 2% of c. guianensis for 24 and 48 hours, had mortality with lc50 of 0.74 (0.56-0.90%) and 0.68 (0.53-0.84%), respectively, and the 4th instar 0.66 (0.52-0.80%) and 0.55 (0.2 ... | 2004 | 15669392 |
| duplex reverse transcription-pcr followed by nested pcr assays for detection and identification of brazilian alphaviruses and flaviviruses. | a new approach was developed for the rapid detection and identification of brazilian alphaviruses and flaviviruses. the methodology involves the genus-specific detection of alphavirus and flavivirus by a duplex reverse transcription-pcr (d-rt-pcr), followed by multiplex nested pcr (m-n-pcr) or nested pcr (n-pcr) assays for species-specific identification. by this protocol, 25 arboviruses were specifically detected and identified. detection levels between 10(1.3) and 10(3.5) 50% tissue culture in ... | 2005 | 15695666 |
| exotic mosquitoes in new zealand: a review of species intercepted, their pathways and ports of entry. | a review was carried out to identify the exotic mosquito species intercepted in new zealand to 2004, together with their origins, pathways and ports of entry into the country. a total of 171 interceptions have been recorded since 1929. there was little or no taxonomic information available for many, but at least 27 exotic species not yet established in new zealand have been intercepted, including important disease vectors such as aedes albopictus, aedes aegypti and culex annulirostris. of 152 in ... | 2004 | 15707185 |
| larval feeding behavior of three co-occurring species of container mosquitoes. | interspecific differences in foraging behavior may help to determine whether the outcome of interspecific competition is coexistence or exclusion. mosquitoes in the genus culex are commonly described as foraging primarily by filtering the water column. this behavior contrasts with that of other container-dwelling genera, such as aedes and ochlerotatus, that are thought to forage primarily by browsing on container and detritus surfaces. we compared the feeding behavior of cx. pipiens, ae. albopic ... | 0 | 15707290 |
| a modified tire ovitrap for monitoring aedes albopictus in the field. | 2004 | 15707297 | |
| effect of habitat characteristics on the distribution and behavior of aedes albopictus. | 2004 | 15707299 | |
| simultaneous infection with dengue 2 and 3 viruses in a chinese patient return from sri lanka. | dengue is an acute viral disease transmitted by the aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus mosquito, which are present in most tropical urban areas of the world. there are four antigenically distinct serotypes, designated dengue-1 (den-1), dengue-2 (den-2), dengue-3 (den-3) and dengue-4 (den-4). dengue outbreaks have occurred in several regions in asia, involving four serotypes of dengue 1, 2, 3 and 4. in review of the few cases of dual infection documented in the literature, we report here a case o ... | 2005 | 15722024 |
| nuclear localization of japanese encephalitis virus core protein enhances viral replication. | japanese encephalitis virus (jev) core protein was detected in both the nucleoli and cytoplasm of mammalian and insect cell lines infected with jev or transfected with the expression plasmid of the core protein. mutation analysis revealed that gly(42) and pro(43) in the core protein are essential for the nuclear and nucleolar localization. a mutant m4243 virus in which both gly(42) and pro(43) were replaced by ala was recovered by plasmid-based reverse genetics. in c6/36 mosquito cells, the m424 ... | 2005 | 15731239 |
| size heterogeneity in the 3' noncoding region of south american isolates of yellow fever virus. | the 3' noncoding region (3' ncr) of flaviviruses contains secondary and tertiary structures essential for virus replication. previous studies of yellow fever virus (yfv) and dengue virus have found that modifications to the 3' ncr are sometimes associated with attenuation in vertebrate and/or mosquito hosts. the 3' ncrs of 117 isolates of south american yfv have been examined, and major deletions and/or duplications of conserved rna structures have been identified in several wild-type isolates. ... | 2005 | 15731274 |
| dengue fever: new paradigms for a changing epidemiology. | dengue is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease of public health significance. compared with nine reporting countries in the 1950s, today the geographic distribution includes more than 100 countries worldwide. many of these had not reported dengue for 20 or more years and several have no known history of the disease. the world health organization estimates that more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of dengue infection. first recognised in the 1950s, it has become a leading cause of ... | 2005 | 15743532 |
| potential transmission of west nile virus in the british isles: an ecological review of candidate mosquito bridge vectors. | west nile virus (wnv) transmitted by mosquitoes (diptera: culicidae) infects various vertebrates, being pathogenic for birds, horses and humans. after its discovery in tropical africa, sporadic outbreaks of wnv occurred during recent decades in eurasia, but not the british isles. wnv reached new york in 1999 and spread to california by 2003, causing widespread outbreaks of west nile encephalitis across north america, transmitted by many species of mosquitoes, mainly culex spp. the periodic reapp ... | 2005 | 15752172 |
| population differentiation and wolbachia phylogeny in mosquitoes of the aedes scutellaris group. | mosquito species of the aedes (stegomyia) scutellaris (walker) group (diptera: culicidae) are distributed across many islands of the south pacific and include major regional vectors of filariasis, such as aedes polynesiensis (marks). analysis of populations of ae. polynesiensis at the extremes of its range, from fiji and from moorea, french polynesia, using the rdna its2 (internal transcribed spacer 2) region and six microsatellite markers showed considerable genetic differentiation between them ... | 2005 | 15752179 |
| development of immunoglobulin m capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to differentiate human flavivirus infections occurring in australia. | we report the development of a flavivirus immunoglobulin m (igm) capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (mac-elisa) which improves the determination of an infecting flavivirus serotype over that by current serological methods. a panel of 165 igm-positive sera from flavivirus patients with specific diagnostic results was tested by the flavivirus mac-elisa using a panel of 10 antigens. for 134 of these sera (81.2%), the highest reactivity was demonstrated against the infecting virus, which was ... | 2005 | 15753249 |
| dengue virus detection by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in saliva and progeny of experimentally infected aedes albopictus from brazil. | oral susceptibility and vertical transmission of dengue virus type 2 (denv-2) in an aedes albopictus sample from rio de janeiro was estimated. the infection (36.7%) and transmission (83.3%) rates for ae. albopictus were higher than those of an ae. aegypti colony used as control, 32.8 and 60%, respectively. fourth instar larvae and females descendants of 48.5 and 39.1% of experimentally infected ae. albopictus showed to harbor the virus. the oral susceptibility and the high capacity to assure ver ... | 2004 | 15761595 |
| efficiency of rubidium marking in aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae): preliminary evaluation on persistence of egg labeling, survival, and fecundity of marked female. | rubidium chloride (rbcl) has been used for the study of vector biology and behavior, although the efficacy of marking, egg production, and survivorship of marked females have been poorly studied. four concentrations of rbcl were tested, among which 0.025 m was the best for marking aedes albopictus: more than 80% of egg batches of females fed once with blood containing rbcl were marked; rb-marked egg batches, interspersed with non marked ones were recovered until 61 days after a blood meal contai ... | 2004 | 15761597 |
| two dimensional vopba reveals laminin receptor (lamr1) interaction with dengue virus serotypes 1, 2 and 3. | the search for the dengue virus receptor has generated many candidates often identified only by molecular mass. the wide host range of the viruses in vitro combined with multiple approaches to identifying the receptor(s) has led to the notion that many receptors or attachment proteins may be involved and that the different dengue virus serotypes may utilize different receptors on the same cells as well as on different cell types. | 2005 | 15790424 |
| passive prophylaxis with permethrin-treated tents reduces mosquito bites among north american summer campers. | over 2 million adolescents participate in summer-camp experiences, placing themselves at risk for mosquito-borne illness. insect repellent is recommended but often not used. it is unknown whether permethrin treatment of a location, such as a campsite, provides passive prophylaxis reducing mosquito bites among all persons in the immediate vicinity. | 0 | 15813141 |
| a comparision of west nile virus transmission by ochlerotatus trivittatus (coq.), culex pipiens (l.), and aedes albopictus (skuse). | transmission of west nile virus (wnv) by ochlerotatus trivittatus, culex pipiens, and aedes albopictus were compared 14 days after taking blood meals from viremic chickens with titers ranging from 10(2.5) to 10(9.5) cell infective dose (50)s (cid50s)/ml serum. transmission occurred in one of four (25%) oc. trivittatus and one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens that fed on chickens with titers of 10(5.5) cid50s/ml. no transmission occurred among two of 16 (13%) oc. trivittatus or one of 25 (4%) cx. pipiens t ... | 2005 | 15815148 |
| new, recent, and questionable mosquito records from mississippi. | enhanced mosquito surveillance in mississippi has confirmed the presence of mansonia titillans and ochlerotatus trivittatus, which represent new state records for mississippi. recent records of aedes albopictus, anopheles maverlius, an. quadrimaculatus, an. smaragdinus, and ochlerotatus hendersoni, and questionable records of ochlerotatus dorsalis, oc. stimulans, and psorophora pygmaea are reviewed. | 2005 | 15825755 |
| impact of west nile virus outbreak upon st. tammany parish mosquito abatement district. | st. tammany parish, louisiana, experienced an outbreak of west nile virus (wnv) in 2002, with 40 human cases and 4 deaths, most occurring from june to august. culex pipiens quinquefasciatus was believed to be the primary vector of wnv during the outbreak, although circumstantial evidence suggests that aedes albopictus also may have been involved in transmission. dead bird reports were the 1st indication of the outbreak and were an excellent indicator of wnv activity; however, sentinel chickens w ... | 2005 | 15825759 |
| quantification of west nile virus in vector mosquito saliva. | saliva was collected from 4 species of mosquitoes intrathoracically inoculated with west nile virus (wnv). the amount of infectious virus in the saliva was quantified by plaque assay and the number of wnv genomic equivalents (ge) was measured by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. ochlerotatus triseriatus had the greatest mean amount of infectious virus per saliva collection, followed by aedes albopictus, culex pipiens, and cx. quinquefasciatus. the mean ge/saliva collection was als ... | 2005 | 15825761 |
| integration of bacillus thuringiensis h-14 formulations and pyriproxyfen for the control of larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | studies were carried out on the bioefficacy and residual activity of bacillus thuringiensis israelensis h-14 (bti) (water-dispersible granules of vectobac abg 6511 and liquid formulations of vectobac 12as) and pyriproxyfen (insect growth regulator, sumilarv 0.5%) as direct applications for control of larvae of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. two dosages of each bti formulation (285 and 570 international toxic units [itu]/liter) and the integration of both bti formulations and pyriproxyfen we ... | 2005 | 15825767 |
| [toxicity of alpha-terthienyl to the larvae of aedes albopictus]. | to investigate the toxicity of alpha-terthienyl to the larvae of aedes albopictus, its influencing factors and effect on the larva development. | 2004 | 15830886 |
| development of a humanized monoclonal antibody with therapeutic potential against west nile virus. | neutralization of west nile virus (wnv) in vivo correlates with the development of an antibody response against the viral envelope (e) protein. using random mutagenesis and yeast surface display, we defined individual contact residues of 14 newly generated monoclonal antibodies against domain iii of the wnv e protein. monoclonal antibodies that strongly neutralized wnv localized to a surface patch on the lateral face of domain iii. convalescent antibodies from individuals who had recovered from ... | 2005 | 15852016 |
| entomopathogenic fungi for mosquito control: a review. | fungal diseases in insects are common and widespread and can decimate their populations in spectacular epizootics. virtually all insect orders are susceptible to fungal diseases, including dipterans. fungal pathogens such as lagenidium, coelomomyces and culicinomyces are known to affect mosquito populations, and have been studied extensively. there are, however, many other fungi that infect and kill mosquitoes at the larval and/or adult stage. the discovery, in 1977, of the selective mosquito-pa ... | 2004 | 15861235 |
| [distribution of aedes albopictus (skuse) in nuevo león, méxico, 2001-2004]. | to determine the distribution of aedes albopictus (skuse) in nuevo leon between 2001 and 2004. | 2005 | 15889642 |
| dengue fever, hawaii, 2001-2002. | autochthonous dengue infections were last reported in hawaii in 1944. in september 2001, the hawaii department of health was notified of an unusual febrile illness in a resident with no travel history; dengue fever was confirmed. during the investigation, 1,644 persons with locally acquired denguelike illness were evaluated, and 122 (7%) laboratory-positive dengue infections were identified; dengue virus serotype 1 was isolated from 15 patients. no cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever or shock synd ... | 2005 | 15890132 |
| dengue risk among visitors to hawaii during an outbreak. | despite the high rates of dengue in many tropical destinations frequented by tourists, limited information is available on the risk for infection among short-term visitors. we retrospectively surveyed 4,000 persons who arrived in hawaii during the peak of the 2001-2002 dengue outbreak and collected follow-up serologic test results for those reporting denguelike illness. of 3,064 visitors who responded, 94 (3%) experienced a denguelike illness either during their trip or within 14 days of departu ... | 0 | 15890133 |
| dengue type 3 virus, saint martin, 2003-2004. | we describe the spread of a dengue virus during an outbreak in saint martin island (french west indies) during winter 2003-2004. dengue type 3 viruses were isolated from 6 patients exhibiting clinical symptoms. this serotype had not been detected on the island during the preceding 3 years. genome sequence determinations and analyses showed a common origin with dengue type 3 viruses isolated in martinique 2 years earlier. | 2005 | 15890134 |
| recombinant canarypox vectored west nile virus (wnv) vaccine protects dogs and cats against a mosquito wnv challenge. | the safety and efficacy of a canarypox vector expressing prm and e genes of west nile virus (wnv) (alvac-wnv) was evaluated in dogs and cats. one group of 17 dogs (vaccinated with 10(5.6) tcid(50)) and two groups of cats (groups 1 [n=14] vaccinated with 10(7.5) tcid(50) and 2 [n=8] 10(5.6) tcid(50)) were vaccinated twice at 28-day intervals. fifteen dogs and eleven cats served as negative controls. the cats and dogs were challenged 120 and 135 days after the second immunization, respectively via ... | 2005 | 15893618 |
| [anthropophilic activity of aedes aegypti and of aedes albopictus in area under control and surveillance]. | to describe the hematophagous activity of ae. aegypti and ae. albopictus in an area under control and surveillance. | 2005 | 15895139 |
| more dengue, more questions. | 2005 | 15898172 | |
| toscana virus and acute meningitis, france. | 2005 | 15898178 | |
| [climate change in spain and risk of infectious and parasitic diseases transmitted by arthropods and rodents]. | due to spain's being located near africa, being a stopping-off point for migrating birds and individuals and due to its climate conditions, nearing those of areas where there are vector-borne diseases, this is a country where this type of diseases could taken on greater importance due to the climate change. the possible risk would result from the geographical spread of already established vectors or due to subtropical vectors adapted to surviving in cooler, dried climates being imported and taki ... | 2005 | 15913053 |
| malaria parasite developmental analyses by the nested polymerase chain reaction method: an implication for the evaluation of mosquito infection rates in epidemiological studies. | a malaria mosquito vector, anopheles saperoi, and a non-vector, aedes albopictus, were allowed to feed on mice infected with murine malaria, plasmodium yoelii nigeriensis, and were subsequently monitored for the development of parasites by the nested polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method, using plasmodium genus-specific primer pairs. the mosquitos were divided into two parts, head/thorax and abdomen, for dna analyses. the parasite dna and murine dna for each mosquito were examined in parallel. ... | 2004 | 15916075 |
| mosquito densonucleosis viruses cause dramatically different infection phenotypes in the c6/36 aedes albopictus cell line. | mosquito densoviruses generally establish persistent infections in mosquito cell lines including the c6/36 aedes albopictus cell line. in contrast, the closely related haemagogus equinus densovirus (hednv) causes dramatic cytopathic effects in the c6/36 aedes albopictus cell line. infection of c6/36 cells by hednv causes internucleosomal fragmentation of host chromosomal dna, changes in cellular morphology (membrane budding, apoptotic bodies), caspase activation and exposure of phosphatidylserin ... | 2005 | 15919104 |
| dendritic cell precursors are permissive to dengue virus and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | cd14(+) interstitial cells reside beneath the epidermis of skin and mucosal tissue and may therefore play an important role in viral infections and the shaping of an antiviral immune response. however, in contrast to dendritic cells (dc) or blood monocytes, these antigen-presenting cells (apc) have not been well studied. we have previously described long-lived cd14(+) cells generated from cd34(+) hematopoietic progenitors, which may represent model cells for interstitial cd14(+) apc. here, we sh ... | 2005 | 15919883 |
| complement activation is required for induction of a protective antibody response against west nile virus infection. | infection with west nile virus (wnv) causes a severe infection of the central nervous system (cns) with higher levels of morbidity and mortality in the elderly and the immunocompromised. experiments with mice have begun to define how the innate and adaptive immune responses function to limit infection. here, we demonstrate that the complement system, a major component of innate immunity, controls wnv infection in vitro primarily in an antibody-dependent manner by neutralizing virus particles in ... | 2005 | 15919902 |
| single amino acid insertions at the junction of the sindbis virus e2 transmembrane domain and endodomain disrupt virus envelopment and alter infectivity. | the final steps in the envelopment of sindbis virus involve specific interactions of the e2 endodomain with the virus nucleocapsid. deleting e2 k at position 391 (e2 deltak391) resulted in the disruption of virus assembly in mammalian cells but not insect cells (host range mutant). this suggested unique interactions of the e2 deltak391 endodomain with the different biochemical environments of the mammalian and insect cell lipid bilayers. to further investigate the role of the amino acid residues ... | 2005 | 15919921 |
| generation of a novel wolbachia infection in aedes albopictus (asian tiger mosquito) via embryonic microinjection. | genetic strategies that reduce or block pathogen transmission by mosquitoes are being investigated as a means to augment current control measures. strategies of vector suppression and replacement are based upon intracellular wolbachia bacteria, which occur naturally in many insect populations. maternally inherited wolbachia have evolved diverse mechanisms to manipulate host insect reproduction and promote infection invasion. one mechanism is cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) through which wolbach ... | 2005 | 15944085 |
| rapid detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes by a real-time reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay. | the development and validation of a one-step, real-time, and quantitative dengue virus serotype-specific reverse transcription-loop-mediated isothermal amplification (rt-lamp) assay targeting the 3' noncoding region for the rapid detection and differentiation of dengue virus serotypes are reported. the rt-lamp assay is very simple and rapid, wherein the amplification can be obtained in 30 min under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees c by employing a set of four serotype-specific primer mixtures ... | 2005 | 15956414 |
| comparative study on nocturnal behavior of aedes aegypti and aedes albopictus. | nocturnal behavior of nonblood-fed females of aedes aegypti (l.) and aedes albopictus (skuse) was studied using an automatic recording device equipped with a photoelectric sensor. carbon dioxide, heating, and the contrast of the black and white colors were used as attractive cues for mosquitoes. the nocturnal host-seeking activity positively correlated with the increasing light intensity in both species. ae. aegypti was found to be more sensitive to light than ae. albopictus. the threshold of li ... | 2005 | 15962780 |
| bioecology and vectorial capacity of aedes albopictus (diptera: culicidae) in macao, china, in relation to dengue virus transmission. | until 2001, the chinese territory of macao had not registered any autochthonous dengue cases, despite the abundance of aedes albopictus (skuse), a known vector. this work describes a bioecological characterization of the local ae. albopictus adult population, with the purpose of estimating the receptivity of macao to dengue introduction. in the wet seasons of 1997 and 1998 and the dry season of 1998, ae. albopictus was the most abundant human-biting mosquito. daily biting rates of 314 mosquitoes ... | 2005 | 15962796 |
| characterization of plasma membrane-associated proteins from aedes albopictus mosquito (c6/36) cells that mediate west nile virus binding and infection. | this study isolated and characterized the west nile virus (wnv) putative receptor molecule(s) from aedes albopictus mosquito (c6/36) cells. the binding of wnv to c6/36 cells was saturated with 5000 particles per cell. the entry of wnv into c6/36 cells was strongly inhibited when pretreated with proteinase k and to a lesser extent with sodium periodate. however, pretreatment of c6/36 cells with phospholipases, glycosidases, heparinases and neurimidase had no effect on virus entry. by using virus ... | 2005 | 15992848 |
| castanospermine, a potent inhibitor of dengue virus infection in vitro and in vivo. | previous studies have suggested that alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as castanospermine and deoxynojirimycin inhibit dengue virus type 1 infection by disrupting the folding of the structural proteins prm and e, a step crucial to viral secretion. we extend these studies by evaluating the inhibitory activity of castanospermine against a panel of clinically important flaviviruses including all four serotypes of dengue virus, yellow fever virus, and west nile virus. using in vitro assays we demons ... | 2005 | 15994763 |
| flow cytometry-based assay for titrating dengue virus. | plaque assays for titrating dengue virus (denv) are time-consuming and not suitable for strains that do not plaque. fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) has been used to detect denv-infected cells. here we describe a facs-based assay for titrating denv. we determined that at 24 h postinfection, the number of infected cells detected by facs represented the first round of infection and therefore could be used as a readout of the number of infectious particles in the inoculum. when the titers ... | 2005 | 16000446 |
| influence of bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis on oviposition of aedes albopictus (skuse). | the effect of bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis (b.t.i.) on the oviposition behavior of aedes albopictus was evaluated in the field and laboratory in clemson, sc, u.s.a. in the field, water taken from containers in which mosquito larvae were reared (conditioned water) was placed in 16 containers. eight containers received 50 jld of b.t.i., and eight with water only were kept as controls. in the laboratory, field-collected females of ae. albopictus were placed in rearing chambers and provide ... | 2005 | 16007954 |
| effects of forced egg-retention in aedes albopictus on adult survival and reproduction following application of deet as an oviposition deterrent. | the insect repellent deet (0.1% concentration), used as a mosquito oviposition deterrent in the laboratory, influenced the retention and maintenance of mature eggs by caged gravid female aedes albopictus skuse. this egg-retention mechanism could benefit survival because the gravid females were ultimately able to lay maintained eggs upon availability of water, but the length of forced egg-retention time reduced the number of eggs laid per female. gravid females with retained eggs also laid a high ... | 2005 | 16007955 |
| evaluation of methods to assess transmission potential of venezuelan equine encephalitis virus by mosquitoes and estimation of mosquito saliva titers. | determining the dose of an arbovirus transmitted by a mosquito is important to design transmission and pathogenesis studies simulating natural infection. several different artificial infection and transmission methods used to assess vector competence and to estimate the dose injected during mosquito feeding have not been fully evaluated to determine whether they accurately reflect natural transmission. additionally, it is not known whether different mosquito vectors transmit similar amounts of a ... | 2005 | 16014828 |
| entomological investigation of a sylvatic yellow fever area in são paulo state, brazil. | following reports of two autochthonous cases of sylvatic yellow fever in the state of são paulo, brazil, in 2000, entomological surveys were conducted with the objective of verifying the occurrence of vector species in forest environments close to or associated with riparian areas located in the western and northwestern regions of the state. culicidae were captured in 39 sites distributed in four regions. haemagogus leucocelaenus and aedes albopictus were the most abundant species and were captu ... | 2005 | 16021266 |
| host-feeding patterns of suspected west nile virus mosquito vectors in delaware, 2001-2002. | paucity of data on host-feeding patterns and behavior of 43 mosquito species that are reported as suspected west nile virus (wn) vectors has limited full evaluation of their vectorial capacity. recent studies addressing this issue need additional confirmation and should also be expanded to include collections of species or subpopulations attracted to humans. we used 4 types of collection methods to collect mosquitoes, including omnidirectional fay-prince traps, centers for disease control-type l ... | 2005 | 16033122 |
| michelob_x is the missing inhibitor of apoptosis protein antagonist in mosquito genomes. | apoptosis is implicated in the life cycle of the malaria parasite in mosquitoes. the genome project for the primary malaria vector anopheles gambiae showed a significant expansion of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (iap) and caspase gene families in comparison with drosophila. however, because of extensive sequence divergence, no orthologue was identified for the reaper/grim-like iap antagonist genes that have a pivotal role in cell death regulation in drosophila. using a customized searching ... | 2005 | 16041319 |
| habitat complexity and sex-dependent predation of mosquito larvae in containers. | studies in aquatic systems have shown that habitat complexity may provide refuge or reduce the number of encounters prey have with actively searching predators. for ambush predators, habitat complexity may enhance or have no effect on predation rates because it conceals predators, reduces prey detection by predators, or visually impairs both predators and prey. we investigated the effects of habitat complexity and predation by the ambush predators toxorhynchites rutilus and corethrella appendicu ... | 2005 | 16041612 |
| problems with mitochondrial dna as a marker in population, phylogeographic and phylogenetic studies: the effects of inherited symbionts. | mitochondrial dna (mtdna) has been a marker of choice for reconstructing historical patterns of population demography, admixture, biogeography and speciation. however, it has recently been suggested that the pervasive nature of direct and indirect selection on this molecule renders any conclusion derived from it ambiguous. we review here the evidence for indirect selection on mtdna in arthropods arising from linkage disequilibrium with maternally inherited symbionts. we note first that these sym ... | 0 | 16048766 |
| prevalence of dengue virus in aedes mosquitoes during dry season by semi-nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (semi-nested rt-pcr). | dengue hemorrhagic fever remains a major health concern in thailand. much effort has focused on the prevention and control of the disease. detection of dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes would evaluate dengue control programs and predict the epidemics of dengue hemorrhagic fever. to determine dengue virus infection rate in mosquitoes by semi-nested rt-pcr. a total of 400 mosquitoes were collected from rom kao community representing a crowded community and another 9 non-crowded communities ... | 2004 | 16083176 |
| aphid-symbiotic bacteria cultured in insect cell lines. | the cells and tissues of many aphids contain bacteria known as "secondary symbionts," which under specific environmental circumstances may be beneficial to the host insect. such symbiotic bacteria are traditionally described as intractable to cultivation in vitro. here we show that two types of aphid secondary symbionts, known informally as t type and u type, can be cultured and maintained in three insect cell lines. the identities of the cultured bacteria were confirmed by pcr with sequencing o ... | 2005 | 16085881 |
| epidemiology and transmission dynamics of west nile virus disease. | from 1937 until 1999, west nile virus (wnv) garnered scant medical attention as the cause of febrile illness and sporadic encephalitis in parts of africa, asia, and europe. after the surprising detection of wnv in new york city in 1999, the virus has spread dramatically westward across the united states, southward into central america and the caribbean, and northward into canada, resulting in the largest epidemics of neuroinvasive wnv disease ever reported. from 1999 to 2004, >7,000 neuroinvasiv ... | 2005 | 16102302 |
| west nile virus detection in urine. | we report west nile virus (wnv) rna in urine collected from a patient with encephalitis 8 days after symptom onset. viral rna was detected by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr). sequence and phylogenetic analysis confirmed the pcr product to have > or = 99% similarity to the wnv strain ny 2000-crow3356. | 2005 | 16102323 |
| neuronal cxcl10 directs cd8+ t-cell recruitment and control of west nile virus encephalitis. | the activation and entry of antigen-specific cd8(+) t cells into the central nervous system is an essential step towards clearance of west nile virus (wnv) from infected neurons. the molecular signals responsible for the directed migration of virus-specific t cells and their cellular sources are presently unknown. here we demonstrate that in response to wnv infection, neurons secrete the chemokine cxcl10, which recruits effector t cells via the chemokine receptor cxcr3. neutralization or a genet ... | 2005 | 16103196 |
| application of an alternative aedes species (diptera: culicidae) surveillance method in botucatu city, sao paulo, brazil. | one of the main problems with dengue is the control of aedes aegypti, its major vector. in brazil, the current control program for ae. aegypti and aedes albopictus populations includes larval density surveys. an interesting alternative is the use of a distinct index, the premise condition index (pci). this tool relates conditions of property, such as houses and yards, and the degree of shade with the occurrence of aedes sp. oviposition, and is calculated as scores from 3 to 9. the lowest score i ... | 2005 | 16103596 |
| enhanced t-cell response to mosquito extracts by nk cells in hypersensitivity to mosquito bites associated with ebv infection and nk cell lymphocytosis. | hypersensitivity to mosquito bites is characterized by severe systemic as well as local symptoms, and associated with chronic active ebv infection and nk cell lymphocytosis. in this hen disease, we investigated the response of pbmc to msg extracts. pbmc were taken from three defined cases of hen disease, three borderline cases, five individuals with simple exaggerated reactions to mosquito bites without systemic symptoms (simple responders), and eight healthy donors. pbmc, or purified cd4+, cd8+ ... | 2005 | 16108834 |
| inducible nitric oxide synthase (inos) expression in monocytes during acute dengue fever in patients and during in vitro infection. | mononuclear phagocytes are considered to be main targets for dengue virus (denv) replication. these cells are activated after infection, producing proinflammatory mediators, including tumour-necrosis factor-alpha, which has also been detected in vivo. nitric oxide (no), usually produced by activated mononuclear phagocytes, has antimicrobial and antiviral activities. | 2005 | 16109165 |
| carbonic anhydrase in the adult mosquito midgut. | we have previously demonstrated the involvement of carbonic anhydrase (ca) in larval mosquito midgut physiology. in this study, we used hansson's histochemistry to examine the distribution of the enzyme in the midgut of aedes aegypti, aedes albopictus, culex quinquefasciatus, culex nigripalpus, ochlerotatus taeniorhynchus, anopheles albimanus and anopheles quadrimaculatus adult mosquitoes. additionally, we quantitated ca content in the anterior and posterior midgut of adult males and females fro ... | 2005 | 16109888 |
| heteropentameric cholera toxin b subunit chimeric molecules genetically fused to a vaccine antigen induce systemic and mucosal immune responses: a potential new strategy to target recombinant vaccine antigens to mucosal immune systems. | noninvasive mucosal vaccines are attractive alternatives to parenteral vaccines. although the conjugation of vaccine antigens with the b subunit of cholera toxin (ctb) is one of the most promising strategies for vaccine delivery to mucosal immune systems, the molecule cannot tolerate large-protein fusion, as it severely impairs pentamerization and loses affinity for gm1-ganglioside. here we report a new strategy, in which steric hindrance between ctb-antigen fusion subunits is significantly redu ... | 2005 | 16113283 |
| [aedes albopictus in soil bromeliads in ilhabela, coastal area of southeastern brazil]. | to analyze the presence of aedes albopictus in soil bromeliads in ecologically distinct environments in terms of positivity, density and volume of water. | 2005 | 16113902 |
| recovery of cdnas encoding ribosomal proteins s9 and l26 from aedes albopictus mosquito cells and identification of their homologs in the malaria vector, anopheles gambiae. | we used pcr-based approaches to obtain the full-length cdna sequences encoding ribosomal protein (rp) s9 and l26 from a mosquito (aedes albopictus) c7-10 cell line. the deduced mosquito rps9 protein has a mass of 22,826 da and a pi of 11.41, while rpl26 had a mass of 17,442 da and a pi of 11.52. both cdnas initiated with the 5'-polypyrimidine motif characteristic of ribosomal protein transcripts. using the aedes protein and nucleic acid sequences, we identified rps9 and rpl26 as single copy gene ... | 2005 | 16116622 |
| asymmetrical competition and patterns of abundance of aedes albopictus and culex pipiens (diptera: culicidae). | we tested for competitive advantage among larvae of aedes albopictus (skuse) and culex pipiens l. in a laboratory experiment and determined the frequency and spatial and temporal patterns of co-occurrence in the field in east st. louis, il. in a laboratory competition experiment at multiple combined densities of ae. albopictus and cx. pipiens larvae, ae. albopictus survivorship and developmental times were significantly affected by conspecific densities but not by cx. pipiens densities. in contr ... | 2005 | 16119544 |
| strategically examining the full-genome of dengue virus type 3 in clinical isolates reveals its mutation spectra. | previous studies presented the quasispecies spectrum of the envelope region of dengue virus type 3 (denv-3) from either clinical specimens or field-caught mosquitoes. however, the extent of sequence variation among full genomic sequences of denv within infected individuals remains largely unknown. | 2005 | 16120221 |
| rapid cryopreservation of five mammalian and one mosquito cell line at -80 degrees c while attached to flasks in a serum free cryopreservative. | cell culturing, and the requisite storage of cell lines at ultra-low temperatures, is used in most laboratories studying or using eukaryotic proteomics, genomics, microarray, and rna technologies. in this study we have observed that a72(dog), crfk(cat), nb324k(human), mcf7(human), wi38(human), and c636(mosquito) cells were effectively cryopreserved at -80 degrees c while attached to the substratum of 25 cm2 tissue culture flasks. this was accomplished using a serum free crypreservative recently ... | 2005 | 16136221 |
| comparative sequence analysis of the eastern equine encephalitis virus pathogenic strains fl91-4679 and ga97 to other north american strains. | eastern equine encephalitis (eee) virus is a significant public health concern due to the high mortality rates observed in infected humans, equines and game birds. the eee genomic sequences available prior to this report are based on laboratory strains with unknown passage histories that may contain an array of cell culture adaptations. here we report the complete genomic sequences of two recently isolated eee pathogenic strains with low passage histories. fl91-4697 was isolated in florida from ... | 2005 | 16147892 |
| modulation of anopheles gambiae gene expression in response to o'nyong-nyong virus infection. | to determine if gene expression of an. gambiae is modulated in response to o'nyong-nyong virus (onnv) infection, we utilized cdna microarrays including about 20 000 cdnas. gene expression levels of onnv-infected female mosquitoes were compared to that of the uninfected control females harvested at 14 days postinfection. in response to onnv infection, expression levels of 18 genes were significantly modulated, being at least two-fold up- or down-regulated. quantitative real-time pcr analysis (qrt ... | 2005 | 16164603 |
| fitness consequences of anopheles gambiae population hybridization. | the use of transgenic mosquitoes with parasite inhibiting genes has been proposed as an integral strategy to control malaria transmission. however, release of exotic transgenic mosquitoes will bring in novel alleles along with parasite-inhibiting genes that may have unknown effects on native populations. thus it is necessary to study the effects and dynamics of fitness traits in native mosquito populations in response to the introduction of novel genes. this study was designed to evaluate the dy ... | 2005 | 16174295 |
| dog filariosis in the lazio region (central italy): first report on the presence of dirofilaria repens. | epidemiological investigations were carried out in the lazio region to assess the status of canine filariosis and to evaluate the actual risk for veterinary and medical public health. | 2005 | 16185352 |
| dengue virus inoculation to human skin explants: an effective approach to assess in situ the early infection and the effects on cutaneous dendritic cells. | although dengue virus (dv) enters through skin while mosquitoes feed, early contacts remain unexplored regarding the cutaneous viral fate and in situ immune responses. we addressed this by exposing healthy, non-cadaveric, freshly obtained human skin explants to a human dv2 isolate. we demonstrated negative-strand dv-rna and non-structural protein-1, both suggestive of viral replication in skin. although control, mock-infected and dv-infected explants showed less (mhc-cii(+)/cd1a(+)/langerin+) la ... | 2005 | 16191104 |
| effect of larval crowding on mating competitiveness of anopheles gambiae mosquitoes. | the success of sterile or transgenic anopheles for malaria control depends on their mating competitiveness within wild populations. current evidence suggests that transgenic mosquitoes have reduced fitness. one means of compensating for this fitness deficit would be to identify environmental conditions that increase their mating competitiveness, and incorporate them into laboratory rearing regimes. | 2005 | 16197541 |
| measuring the transmission dynamics of a sexually transmitted disease. | sexually transmitted diseases (stds) occur throughout the animal kingdom and are generally thought to affect host population dynamics and evolution very differently from other directly transmitted infectious diseases. in particular, stds are not thought to have threshold densities for persistence or to be able to regulate host population density independently; they may also have the potential to cause host extinction. however, these expectations follow from a theory that assumes that the rate of ... | 2005 | 16204382 |
| aedes (stegomyia) albopictus--a dengue threat for southern australia? | aedes albopictus, the so-called 'asian tiger mosquito,' which has invaded areas of the pacific, the americas, africa and europe, and been intercepted in various australian seaports in recent years, has now become established on a number of torres strait islands in northern queensland and threatens to invade mainland australia. as well as being a significant pest with day-biting tendencies, ae. albopictus is a vector of dengue viruses and is capable of transmitting a number of other arboviruses. ... | 2005 | 16220868 |
| biological transmission of arboviruses: reexamination of and new insights into components, mechanisms, and unique traits as well as their evolutionary trends. | among animal viruses, arboviruses are unique in that they depend on arthropod vectors for transmission. field research and laboratory investigations related to the three components of this unique mode of transmission, virus, vector, and vertebrate host, have produced an enormous amount of valuable information that may be found in numerous publications. however, despite many reviews on specific viruses, diseases, or interests, a systematic approach to organizing the available information on all f ... | 0 | 16223950 |
| s-phase-dependent enhancement of dengue virus 2 replication in mosquito cells, but not in human cells. | dengue virus (den) is the most prevalent cause of arthropod-borne viral illness in humans. we determined the influence of cellular growth state on den type 2 (den2) replication in mosquito and human cells, based on the hypothesis that manipulation of cellular growth state will facilitate identification of viral and cellular determinants of productive infection. comparison of density-arrested and cycling c6/36 aedes albopictus cells infected with a low-passage den2 isolate revealed that cycling c ... | 2005 | 16227245 |
| n-linked glycosylation of west nile virus envelope proteins influences particle assembly and infectivity. | west nile virus (wnv) encodes two envelope proteins, premembrane (prm) and envelope (e). while the prm protein of all wnv strains contains a single n-linked glycosylation site, not all strains contain an n-linked site in the e protein. the presence of n-linked glycosylation on flavivirus e proteins has been linked to virus production, ph sensitivity, and neuroinvasiveness. therefore, we examined the impact of prm and e glycosylation on wnv assembly and infectivity. similar to other flaviviruses, ... | 2005 | 16227249 |
| dengue virus type 3, brazil, 2002. | during the summer of 2002, rio de janeiro had a large epidemic of dengue fever; 288,245 cases were reported. a subset of 1,831 dengue hemorrhagic fever cases occurred. in this study, performed in the first half of 2002, samples from 1,559 patients with suspected cases of dengue infection were analyzed. from this total, 1,497 were obtained from patients with nonfatal cases, and 62 were obtained from patients with fatal cases. by the use of different methods, 831 (53.3%) cases, including 40 fatal ... | 2005 | 16229765 |
| west nile virus-infected mosquitoes, louisiana, 2002. | human cases of west nile virus (wnv) disease appeared in st. tammany and tangipahoa parishes in southeastern louisiana in june 2002. cases peaked during july, then rapidly declined. we conducted mosquito collections from august 3 to august 15 at residences of patients with confirmed and suspected wnv disease to estimate species composition, relative abundance, and wnv infection rates. a total of 31,215 mosquitoes representing 25 species were collected by using primarily gravid traps and co2-bait ... | 2005 | 16229769 |
| laboratory and field evaluation of the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen (sumilarv 0.5g) against dengue vectors. | the insect growth regulator pyriproxyfen was tested against aedes aegypti at 0.01 and 0.02 mg of active ingredient (ai) per liter of water in 60-liter earthern jars. both concentrations provided 100% control for 4 months. in additional experiments where 10 liters of water were replaced fortnightly, 100% control was still obtained over 4 months with 0.02 mg ai/liter and greater than 93-100% control was obtained over 4 months with 0.01 mg ai/liter. in less-controlled field-trial conditions, pyripr ... | 2005 | 16252520 |
| identification of aedes albopictus in urban nicaragua. | larvae of aedes albopictus, a mosquito known for transmitting dengue virus, were identified in the city of león, nicaragua, in 2003. mosquito larvae were collected from a total of 2,225 residences in the 2 largest cities in nicaragua during the period from june to september of 2003, and larval ae. albopictus were identified in 4 homes in león. this represents the 1st detection of ae. albopictus in a major nicaraguan urban center, and increased control efforts appear to have eliminated the mosqui ... | 2005 | 16252527 |
| effect of alternating passage on adaptation of sindbis virus to vertebrate and invertebrate cells. | mosquito-borne alphaviruses, which replicate alternately and obligately in mosquitoes and vertebrates, appear to experience lower rates of evolution than do many rna viruses that replicate solely in vertebrates. this genetic stability is hypothesized to result from the alternating host cycle, which constrains evolution by imposing compromise fitness solutions in each host. to test this hypothesis, sindbis virus was passaged serially, either in one cell type to eliminate host alteration or altern ... | 2005 | 16254360 |
| efficient procedure for purification of obligate intracellular wolbachia pipientis and representative amplification of its genome by multiple-displacement amplification. | bacteria belonging to the genus wolbachia are obligatory microendocytobionts that infect a variety of arthropods and a majority of filarial nematode species, where they induce reproductive alterations or establish a mutualistic symbiosis. although two whole genome sequences of wolbachia pipientis, for strain wmel from drosophila melanogaster and strain wbm from brugia malayi, have been fully completed and six other genome sequencing projects are ongoing (http://www.genomesonline.org/index.cgi?wa ... | 2005 | 16269725 |
| factors influencing in vitro infectivity and growth of rickettsia peacockii (rickettsiales: rickettsiaceae), an endosymbiont of the rocky mountain wood tick, dermacentor andersoni (acari, ixodidae). | rickettsia peacockii, a spotted fever group rickettsia, is a transovarially transmitted endosymbiont of rocky mountain wood ticks, dermacentor andersoni. this rickettsia, formerly known as the east side agent and restricted to female ticks, was detected in a chronically infected embryonic cell line, dae100, from d. andersoni. we examined infectivity, ability to induce cytopathic effect (cpe) and host cell specificity of r. peacockii using cultured arthropod and mammalian cells. aposymbiotic dae1 ... | 2005 | 16288906 |
| a cell-free mrna stability assay reveals conservation of the enzymes and mechanisms of mrna decay between mosquito and mammalian cell lines. | the rate of mrna turnover is an important determinant of levels of gene expression. although this process has been studied extensively in mammalian cells and yeast, relatively little is known about the mrna decay pathways in insects. our analysis found that the vast majority of components of the mrna decay machinery are conserved between humans and mosquitoes. moreover, the half-lives of aedes albopictus mrnas are within a similar range to those of mammalian mrnas. in order to investigate mechan ... | 2005 | 16291088 |
| surveillance of dengue vector at thiruvananthapuram (kerala) international airport. | a survey of aedes (stegomyia) mosquitoes was undertaken in and around the international airport at thiruvananthapuram during premonsoon season. an attempt has been made in this paper to elaborate on the presence of risk potential for dengue /yellow fever at the airport with the detection of aedes breeding. the entomological indices have also been discussed with regard to presence of potential wet containers and rate of infestation by aedes mosquitoes. the airport area was searched for aedes (ste ... | 2004 | 16295677 |
| mosquito salivary gland extracts induce ebv-infected nk cell oncogenesis via cd4 t cells in patients with hypersensitivity to mosquito bites. | severe hypersensitivity to mosquito bites (hmb) is characterized by intense local skin reactions and systemic symptoms such as high fever, lymphadenopathy, and hepatosplenomegaly. patients with hmb often have natural killer (nk) cell lymphocytosis associated with epstein-barr virus (ebv) infection. here we investigated whether mosquito bites have any influence on the oncogenesis of ebv-infected nk cells. we examined six hmb patients with ebv-infected nk cell lymphocytosis. we first demonstrated ... | 2005 | 16297196 |
| yunnan orbivirus, a new orbivirus species isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes in china. | an orbivirus designated yunnan orbivirus (yuov) was isolated from culex tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes collected in the yunnan province of china. electron microscopy showed particles with typical orbivirus morphology. the yuov genome was sequenced completely and compared with previously characterized orbivirus genomes. significant identity scores were detected between proteins encoded by the segments (seg-1 to seg-10) of yuov and those encoded by their homologues in insect-borne and tick-borne orb ... | 2005 | 16298988 |
| insight into a conserved lifestyle: protein-carbohydrate adhesion strategies of vector-borne pathogens. | 2005 | 16299269 | |
| outlook of dengue in malaysia: a century later. | dengue continues to be a major health threat to malaysia a century after its first reported outbreak in 1902. examination of the available outbreak data suggested that a major df/dhf outbreak occurred in malaysia in a cyclical pattern of approximately every 8 years. all four dengue virus serotypes are found co-circulating in malaysia, but after the first and only major outbreak involving den-4 in 1960's, only den-1, den-2 and den-3 were associated with df/dhf outbreaks. it is argued that perhaps ... | 2002 | 16329552 |
| antigenic cell associated dengue 2 virus proteins detected in vitro using dengue fever patients sera. | at least three major antigenic dengue 2 virus proteins were recognized by pooled dengue fever patients' sera in infected aedes albopictus (c6/36) mosquito cells. dengue virus envelope (e), premembrane (prm) and non-structural protein 1 (ns 1) dimer were detected beginning on day 3 postinfection in both the cell membrane and cytosolic fractions. using the patients' sera, the presence of antigenic intermediate core protein (c)-prm and ns1-non-structural protein 2a (ns2a) in the cytoplasmic fractio ... | 2002 | 16329553 |
| oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities of solanum trilobatum leaf extract against the malarial vector anopheles stephensi. | the leaf extract of solanum trilobatum (solanaceae) was tested under laboratory conditions for oviposition deterrent and skin repellent activities against the adult mosquito anopheles stephensi. concentrations of 0.01, 0.025, 0.05, 0.075 and 0.1% reduced egg laying by gravid females from 18 to 99% compared to ethanol-treated controls. in skin repellent tests, concentrations of 0.001, 0.005, 0.01, 0.015, and 0.02 % provided 70 to 120 minutes protection against mosquito bites, whereas the ethanol ... | 2005 | 16341247 |
| cd8+ t cells require perforin to clear west nile virus from infected neurons. | injury to neurons after west nile virus (wnv) infection is believed to occur because of viral and host immune-mediated effects. previously, we demonstrated that cd8+ t cells are required for the resolution of wnv infection in the central nervous system (cns). cd8+ t cells can control infection by producing antiviral cytokines (e.g., gamma interferon or tumor necrosis factor alpha) or by triggering death of infected cells through perforin- or fas ligand-dependent pathways. here, we directly evalu ... | 2006 | 16352536 |
| the evolution of cytoplasmic incompatibility types: integrating segregation, inbreeding and outbreeding. | cytoplasmic incompatibility (ci) is a reproductive incompatibility induced by maternally transmitted bacteria of the genera wolbachia and cardinium. in the simplest form of ci, offspring from infected males and uninfected females suffer from increased mortality. however, it has been noted that crosses between males and females carrying different strains of infection are often also incompatible. the evolutionary processes leading to the emergence of new ci-compatibility types are still not resolv ... | 2006 | 16361236 |
| geographic distribution and breeding site preference of aedes albopictus and aedes aegypti (diptera: culicidae) in cameroon, central africa. | presence in cameroon of the recently introduced aedes (stegomyia) albopictus (skuse) in association with the indigenous aedes aegypti (l.) raises public heath concerns because it might alter the risk of arbovirus transmission. the breeding site and distribution of the two stegomyia species are updated and reported following entomological surveys carried out in 22 localities throughout cameroon, with a total of 1,353 containers with water visited. ae. aegypti was found in every location sampled, ... | 2005 | 16363155 |