Publications

[effect of gametocidal chromosome 4s' on the phenotype segregation ratio in genetic analysis of common wheat lines].	using experimental data on genetic analysis of introgressive lines for the character "hairy leaf sheath" controlled by the "cuckoo" chromosome 4s1, the algorithm for calculation of the theoretical segregation ratio in f2 was developed. segregation distortion is caused by non-viability of the majority of gametes lacking the chromosome 4s1. the frequency of functioning gametes without the chromosome 4s1 is determined by the probability p versus the theoretically expected ratio 7 nonviable: 9 viabl ...	2008	14650327
[genetic control system of the differences in duration of vernalization in winter common wheat].	hypotheses of differences in genetic control on duration of vernalization for winter wheat have been considered. it has been shown that differences in this character are controlled by independent vrd gene system. monogenic dominant near-isogenic lines have been created. they differ in two non-allelic vrd1 and vrd2 genes with unequal expression. the response of created lines to photoperiodic changes and vrd genes effects on various agronomic traits have been characterized. vrd genotypes have been ...	2008	14650328
[cytogenetic processes in the course of triticum aestivum and haynatricum hybridization].	meiosis in hybrids obtained in direct and return crossings between haynatricum and wheat was studied. in f1 hybrids the possibility of stimulation of homoeologous pairing between the chromosomes of t. aestivum and t. dicoccum and, probably, h. villosum, if haynatricum was used as pollinator, has been shown. this process is considerably intensified when the genes regulating chromosome pairing, in particular ph1b mutation, are used. in reciprocal crosses it was shown that wheat genotypes can diffe ...	2008	14650330
[recombination frequency in the locus gli-d1 of common wheat t. aestivum l].	the recombination frequency at the gliadin locus gli-d1 of common wheat was determined by the maximum likelihood method. recombination was observed between the gene encoding the fastest omega-component of the allele gli-d1j, and the genes encoding the other omega-gliadins of this allele. the frequency of recombination was 0.65 +/- 0.18% for the cross between the near-isogenic lines of winter common wheat with respect to gliadin loci gli-d1-4 and gli-b1-3 and 0.78 +/- 0.45% for the cross between ...	2008	14650331
fixed precision sequential sampling plans for the greenbug and bird cherry-oat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) in winter wheat.	the numbers of greenbugs, schizaphis graminum (rondani), and bird cherry-oat aphids, rhopalosiphum padi l., per wheat tiller (stem) were estimated in 189 production winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) fields located throughout oklahoma. taylor's power law regressions were calculated from these data and used to construct fixed precision sequential sampling schemes for each species. an evaluation data set was constructed from 240 samples taken during three growing seasons from winter wheat fields ...	2003	14650535
retrotransposon-based molecular markers for linkage and genetic diversity analysis in wheat.	retrotransposon-based molecular markers have been developed to study bread wheat ( triticum aestivum) and its wild relatives. ssap (sequence-specific amplification polymorphism) markers based on the bare-1/ wis-2-1a retrotransposons were assigned to t. aestivum chromosomes by scoring nullisomic-tetrasomic chromosome substitution lines. the markers are distributed among all wheat chromosomes, with the lowest proportion being assigned the d wheat genome. ssap markers for bare-1/ wis-2-1a and three ...	2004	14652738
pistillody is caused by alterations to the class-b mads-box gene expression pattern in alloplasmic wheats.	class-b floral homeotic genes are involved in specifying petal and stamen identity during flower development in plant species. homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures (called pistillody) has been observed in alloplasmic lines of bread wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) having the cytoplasm of a wild relative species, aegilops crassa boiss. to obtain information about the molecular mechanism underlying pistillody induction, we isolated two pistillata ( pi)-type class-b mads-box ...	2004	14652757
[effect of enhanced uv-b radiation on competition among several plant species].	the effect of enhanced uv-b radiation (280-315 nm, approximating a 15% ozone layer reduction) on competitive interaction between spring wheat (triticum aestivum) and wild oat (avena fatua) was examined in the field. the density-dependent mortality of both wheat and wild oat did not exhibit a significant difference between control and uv-b treatments. a relatively high degree of competitive stress enhanced the effect of uv-b stress on biomass reduction. under uv-b enhancement, the relative compet ...	2003	14655368
[dynamics of genetic variation of sartov cultivars of common wheat triticum aestivum l. (from the gliadin-coding locus) after a an 80-year period of scientific selection].	based on analysis of gliadin patterns in common wheat cultivars developed at the research institute of agriculture of the southeast, profile dynamics in gliadin loci has been surveyed for the period of over eight decades. it was shown that long-term breeding of the wheat cultivars involved gradual replacement of alleles characteristic of ancient cultivars for those widely spread in the world, which are probably linked with alleles that currently confer advantage to their carriers. the process of ...	2003	14658338
effect of hypobaric conditions on ethylene evolution and growth of lettuce and wheat.	elevated levels of ethylene occur in enclosed crop production systems and in spaceflight environments, leading to adverse plant growth and sterility. there are engineering advantages in growing plants at hypobaric (reduced atmospheric pressure) conditions in biomass production for extraterrestrial base or spaceflight environments. objectives of this research were to characterize the influence of hypobaria on growth and ethylene evolution of lettuce (lactuca sativa) and wheat (triticum aestivum). ...	2003	14658387
evidence for recycling of inorganic phosphate by wheat chloroplasts during photosynthesis at air levels of co2 and o2.	phosphate recycling under photorespiratory conditions was investigated using intact wheat chloroplasts from triticum aestivum (cv. maris dove). a decline in the optimal pi level needed to support steady-state photosynthesis was observed (a) as the bicarbonate supply became limiting, or (b) as oxygen concentrations were increased. further, at subsaturating co2 and elevated o2 (52%), photosynthetic induction periods were shortest in the absence of exogenous pi, and severely extended by its additio ...	2003	14658388
[development and identification of a set of triticum aestivum-thinopyrum bessarabicum disomic alien addition lines].	in order to transfer the genes for salt tolerance and disease resistance from thinopyrum bessarabicum into wheat, the hybrid progenies between t. aestivum cv. chinese spring and t. aestivum cv. chinese spring-amphiploid th. bessarabicum were screened. a set of t. aestivum-th. bessarabicum disomic addition lines was developed with the assistance of mitotic chromosome c-banding and genomic in situ hybridization (gish), as well as gish on meiotic m i chromosome preparations. the results indicated t ...	2003	14669508
isolation and characterization of an rip (ribosome-inactivating protein)-like protein from tobacco with dual enzymatic activity.	ribosome-inactivating proteins (rips) are n-glycosidases that remove a specific adenine from the sarcin/ricin loop of the large rrna, thus arresting protein synthesis at the translocation step. in the present study, a protein termed tobacco rip (trip) was isolated from tobacco (nicotiana tabacum) leaves and purified using ion exchange and gel filtration chromatography in combination with yeast ribosome depurination assays. trip has a molecular mass of 26 kd as evidenced by sodium dodecyl sulfate ...	2004	14671015
influence of organic matter decomposition on soluble carbon and its copper-binding capacity.	bulk and low molecular weight (lmw) (<1 kda) water-extractable carbon were collected from fresh and microbially degraded wheat straw (triticum aestivum l.) and crimson clover (trifolium incarnatum l.) residues to monitor early-stage humification over an 8-wk incubation. copper complexation parameters were determined for both bulk and lmw water-extractable c for both plant materials in a separate 1-wk incubation. humification progressed through increasing molar absorptivity (a285) and phenolic an ...	2013	14674534
earthworm additions affect leachate production and nitrogen losses in typical midwestern agroecosystems.	earthworms affect soil structure and the movement of agrochemicals. yet, there have been few field-scale studies that quantify the effect of earthworms on dissolved nitrogen fluxes in agroecosystems. we investigated the influence of semi-annual earthworm additions on leachate production and quality in different row crop agroecosystems. chisel-till corn (zea mays l.)-soybean [glycine max (l.) merr.] rotation (ct) and ridge-till corn-soybean-wheat (triticum aestivum l.) rotation (rt) plots were ar ...	2013	14674535
mycological and mycotoxicological evaluation of grain.	grain storage conditions affect its quality. in lithuania, different types of farms have various harvesting, processing and storing conditions. grain samples were tested from agricultural granaries of 3 different types with different grain storage conditions in lithuania. during march-april in 2001 the investigation on mycological and mycotoxicological state of stored grain from different types of agricultural granaries were performed. wheat (triticum aestivum l.) samples (n = 33) were tested fr ...	2003	14677916
phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from heterotrophic cells of wheat interacts with 14-3-3 proteins.	glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenases catalyze key steps in energy and reducing power partitioning in cells of higher plants. phosphorylated non-phosphorylating glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapn) present in heterotrophic cells of wheat (triticum aestivum) was activated up to 3-fold by mgcl2. the effect was not observed with the non-phosphorylated enzyme found in leaves. the divalent cation also affected the response of the enzyme from endosperm and shoots to adenine nucleotides ...	2003	14681537
[construction of expression vector with bg2 gene and its transformation in wheat].	beta-1,3-glucanase(bg2) is one of the pathogensis-related-proteins(pr). study of these proteins and their related genes is one of the hot points in plant genetic engineering of disease resistance for a long time. in this research, specific primers were designed with the enzyme cleavage site of spe i in its forward one and not i site in the backward according to the bg2 gene sequence. using this pair of primers, bg2 gene, which was contained in the plasmid of prtl2, was amplified and confirmed by ...	2003	14682239
examination of spectral pretreatments for partial least-squares calibrations for chemical and physical properties of wheat.	use of near-infrared (nir) diffuse reflectance on ground wheat meal for prediction of protein content is a well-accepted practice. although protein content has a strong bearing on the suitability of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) for processed foods, wheat quality, as largely influenced by the configuration and conformation of the monomeric and polymeric endosperm storage proteins, is also of great importance to the food industry. the measurement of quality by nir, however, has been much less succ ...	2003	14686774
molecular comparison of waxy null alleles in common wheat and identification of a unique null allele.	pcr selection markers for the identification of null waxy alleles were used to screen for waxy mutations in 168 common wheat cultivars. in all cultivars where the wx-b1 protein was absent, the wx-b1 allele was identical to the previously identified mutation carried by kanto 107. although most cultivars missing the wx-a1 protein also carried the same wx-a1 mutation as found in kanto 107, all of the turkey wx-a1 mutants produced a different pcr fragment, implying the presence of a different mutati ...	2004	14689187
willet m. hays, great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of our association.	willet m. hays was a great benefactor to plant breeding and the founder of the american genetic association (aga). we commemorate the aga's centennial. we mined university archives, u.s. department of agriculture (usda) yearbooks, plant breeding textbooks, scientific periodicals, and descendants for information. willet hays first recognized the individual plant as the unit of selection and started systematic pure-line selection and progeny tests in 1888. he developed useful plant breeding method ...	2003	14691309
[effect of modification of cell calcium status on lectin activity].	effects of oryzalin (10 microm), an inhibitor of microtubule polymerization, on the activity of soluble and cell wall lectins were studied in 7 day-old seedlings of unhardened (23 degrees c) and cold acclimated (7 days at 2-3 degrees c) winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.). seedlings were grown in the presence of 25 microm and 1 mm ca2+, 500 microm verapamil, 250 microm chlorpromazine or without modifiers of calcium status in the medium. inhibitor of the microtubule polymerization inhibitor, like ...	2002	14696259
wap1, a wheat apetala1 homolog, plays a central role in the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth.	heading time in bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is determined by three characters: vernalization requirement, photoperiodic sensitivity and narrow-sense earliness, which are involved in the phase transition from vegetative to reproductive growth. we identified and characterized the apetala1 (ap1)-like mads box gene in wheat (wap1) as an activator of phase transition. its expression starts just before the phase transition and is maintained during the reproductive phase. inhibition of wap1 expr ...	2003	14701921
uptake and metabolic fate of [14c]-2,4-dichlorophenol and [14c]-2,4-dichloroaniline in wheat (triticum aestivum) and soybean (glycine max).	the uptake and metabolism of [14c]-2,4-dichlorophenol (dcp) and [14c]-2,4-dichloroaniline (dca) were investigated in wheat and soybean. seeds were exposed to a nutrient solution containing 50 microm of one of two radiolabeled compounds, and plant organs were harvested separately after 18 days of growth. in wheat, uptake of [14c]-2,4-dcp was 16.67 +/- 2.65 and 15.50 +/- 2.60% of [14c]-2,4-dca. in soybean, uptake of [14c]-2,4-dcp was significantly higher than [14c]-2,4-dca uptake, 38.39 +/- 2.56 a ...	2003	14705901
concerted action of endogenous and heterologous phytase on phytic acid degradation in seed of transgenic wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	expression of heterologous phytases in crops offers a great potential for improving phosphate and mineral bioavailability in food and feed. in this context it is of relevance to describe the concerted action of endogenous and hetrologous phytases on the transgenic seed inositol phosphate profile. here we report metal-dye detection hplc analysis of inositol phosphate degradation in flour from transgenic wheat materials possessing wheat endogenous 6-phytase [ec 3.1.3.26] and aspergillus 3-phytase ...	2003	14713194
[localization of genes, determining quantitative traits in wheat: amendment to the "catalog of chromosomal mapping of genes in domestic cultivars of wheat"].	an amendment to the catalog of chromosome location of genes in russian wheat cultivars was constructed with the published data of the recent decade. the results of chromosomal localization were summarized and analyzed by methods of multivariate statistics. chromosomes critical for 40 quantitative traits under study proved to cluster according to their homeology, i.e., by homeological groups. the hypotheses providing an explanation for this finding are considered. it is suggested that quantitativ ...	2003	14714461
[mechanisms of meiotic restitution and their genetic regulation in wheat-rye polyhaploids].	meiosis has been studied in partially fertile wheat-rye f1 hybrids yielded by crosses triticum aestivum (saratovskaya 29 variety) x secale cereale l. (onokhoiskaya variety) (4x = 28). hybrid self-fertility proved to be caused by formation of restituted nuclei, which appear after equational segregation of univalent chromosome in ai and sister chromatid non-separation in aii of meiosis, as well as after ai blockage in three different ways. both types of meiotic restitution were found in each hybri ...	2003	14714465
[luminescent indicators in various parts of wheat leaves in ontogenesis].	a comparative study of slow fluorescence induction, fluorescence spectra, thermoluminescence, photosynthetic activity and chlorophyll content in ontogenesis of wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l, cv. yubileinayd) grown in the laboratory conditions was carried out. it was shown that (fm-ft)/ft values of slow fluorescence induction increased with the age of leaf part, reached a maximum (for 2-week-old seedlings), and then decreased. changes in (fm-ft)/ft positively correlated with the changes in ...	2006	14714527
characterisation and marker development for low molecular weight glutenin genes from glu-a3 alleles of bread wheat (triticum aestivum. l).	pcr was used to amplify low-molecular-weight (lmw) glutenin genes from the glu-a3 loci of hexaploid wheat cultivars containing different glu-a3 alleles. the complete coding sequence of one lmw glutenin gene was obtained for each of the seven alleles glu-a3a to glu-a3g. chromosome assignment of pcr products using chinese spring nulli-tetrasomic lines confirmed the amplified products were from chromosome 1a. all sequences were classified as lmw-i-type genes based on the presence of an n-terminal i ...	2004	14727031
molecular cloning and expression analysis of novel wheat cysteine protease.	a cdna clone encoding a novel papain-like cysteine protease was isolated from wheat germ (triticum aestivum). this cdna encoded a 371-residue protein, designated wcp2, composed of signal peptide followed by a propeptide and a mature protease containing active site residues that are highly conserved among the papain family. the mature wcp2 protein (26 kda) was detected in the quiescent embryo and its level of expression in the germinating embryo was greatly increased.	2004	14729145
[transport of ions in mitochondria in connection with osmotic concentration of media].	studies on mitochondria has revealed apparent violation of laws of osmosis, apparently, related to ion transport. in this context, we studied changes in the content of potassium, sodium, magnesium, and calcium in mitochondria from wheat (triticum aestivum l.) roots incubated in the buffer without the substrate with 0.3 or 0.5 m sucrose as well as potassium, and phosphate. the most pronounced changes were observed for potassium. potassium arrival to mitochondria was more active at 0.5 than 0.3 m ...	2016	14735788
identification and molecular characterization of a novel y-type glu-dt 1 glutenin gene of aegilops tauschii.	a novel y-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunit possessing a slightly faster mobility than that of subunit 1dy12 in sds-page, designated 1dy12.1(t) in aegilops tauschi, was identified by one- and two-dimensional gel and capillary electrophoresis. its coding gene at the glu-d(t) 1 locus was amplified with allele-specific-pcr primers, and the amplified products were cloned and sequenced. the complete nucleotide sequence of 2,807 bp containing an open reading frame of 1,950 bp and 857 bp of u ...	2004	14740085
genetic diversity in cultivated plants-loss or stability?	human activities like urbanisation, the replacement of traditional agriculture systems by modern industrial methods or the introduction of modern high-yielding varieties may pose a danger to the biological diversity. using microsatellite markers, we analysed samples of cultivated wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) collected over an interval of 40-50 years in four comparable geographical regions of europe and asia. no significant differences in both the total number of alleles per locus and in the pic ...	2004	14740091
comparative dna sequence analysis of mapped wheat ests reveals the complexity of genome relationships between rice and wheat.	the use of dna sequence-based comparative genomics for evolutionary studies and for transferring information from model species to related large-genome species has revolutionized molecular genetics and breeding strategies for improving those crops. comparative sequence analysis methods can be used to cross-reference genes between species maps, enhance the resolution of comparative maps, study patterns of gene evolution, identify conserved regions of the genomes, and facilitate interspecies gene ...	2004	14740255
drought acclimation reduces o2*- accumulation and lipid peroxidation in wheat seedlings.	abiotic stresses cause ros accumulation, which is detrimental to plant growth. it is well known that acclimation of plants under mild or sub-lethal stress condition leads to development of resistance in plants to severe or lethal stress condition. the generation of ros and subsequent oxidative damage during drought stress is well documented in the crop plants. however, the effect of drought acclimation treatment on ros accumulation and lipid peroxidation has not been examined so far. in this stu ...	2004	14741695
formation of wheat ( triticum aestivum l.) embryogenic callus involves peroxide-generating germin-like oxalate oxidase.	in wheat ( triticum aestivum l.), embryogenic callus formation comprises suppression of precocious germination by the zygotic embryo and the initiation of dedifferentiated cellular proliferation within it. embryogenic calli are induced by treating immature embryos with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-d). upon withdrawal from 2,4-d, somatic embryos develop from the periphery of the callus. prior to visible callus formation, there is a striking induction of "germin-like" oxalate oxidase ("gl-o ...	2004	14745556
similarities of omega gliadins from triticum urartu to those encoded on chromosome 1a of hexaploid wheat and evidence for their post-translational processing.	the omega-gliadins encoded on chromosome 1 of the a genome were purified from triticum aestivum l. (2n=6 x=42, aabbdd) cv. butte86, nullisomic 1d-tetrasomic 1a of cv. chinese spring (cs n1dt1a), and the diploid t. urartu (2n=2 x=14, aa ). reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography combined with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of gliadin extracts from cs nullisomic-tetrasomic (nt) lines confirmed the assignment to chromosome 1a. the purified omega-gliadins were ...	2004	14747918
effect of zinc-cadmium interactions on the uptake of zinc and cadmium by winter wheat (triticum aestivum) grown in pot culture.		2003	14756301
genome analysis at different ploidy levels allows cloning of the powdery mildew resistance gene pm3b from hexaploid wheat.	in wheat, race-specific resistance to the fungal pathogen powdery mildew (blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici) is controlled by the pm genes. there are 10 alleles conferring resistance at the pm3 locus (pm3a to pm3j) on chromosome 1as of hexaploid bread wheat (triticum aestivum l.). the genome of hexaploid wheat has a size of 1.6 x 1010 bp and contains more than 80% of repetitive sequences, making positional cloning difficult. here, we demonstrate that the combined analysis of genomes from wheat sp ...	2004	14756761
elemental sulfur effects on pb and zn uptake by indian mustard and winter wheat.	a pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, indian mustard (brassica juncea) and a field crop, winter wheat (triticum. aestivum). elemental sulfur (s) with different rates was carried out, they were 0 (s0), 20 (s20), 40 (s40), 80 (s80), and 160 (s160) mmol/kg respectively. extra pots with the same rates of s but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor ph and cacl2-extractable ...	2003	14758905
structural studies of the allelic wheat glutenin subunits 1bx7 and 1bx20 by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.	structural studies of the high molecular mass (hmm) glutenin subunits 1bx7 (from cvs hereward and galatea) and 1bx20 (from cv. bidi17) of bread wheat were conducted using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tofms) and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (rp-hplc/esi-ms). for all three proteins, maldi-tofms analysis showed that the isolated fractions contained a second component with a mass ...	2004	14760615
temporal dynamics of carbon partitioning and rhizodeposition in wheat.	the temporal dynamics of partitioning and rhizodeposition of recent photosynthate in wheat (triticum aestivum) roots were quantified in situ in solution culture. after a 30-min pulse of (14)co(2) to a single intact leaf, (14)c activities of individual carbon fluxes in the root, including exudation, respiration, and root content, were measured continuously over the next 20 h concurrently with (14)c efflux from the leaf. immediately after the end of the (14)co(2) pulse, (14)c activity was detected ...	2004	14764904
occurrence of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors in cereals.	cereals contain proteinaceous inhibitors of endoxylanases, which affect the efficiency and functionality of these enzymes in cereal processing. this review relates their first discovery in wheat and the subsequent purification of two distinct classes of endoxylanase inhibitors, namely triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi)-type and xylanase inhibitor protein (xip)-type inhibitors in cereals. both inhibitor classes occur in monocots as multi-isoform families. the reported data provide an ove ...	0	14871660
xip-i, a xylanase inhibitor protein from wheat: a novel protein function.	endo-(1,4)-beta-xylanases of plant and fungal origin play an important role in the degradation of arabinoxylans. two distinct classes of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors, the triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor (taxi) and the xylanase inhibitor protein (xip), have been identified in cereals. engineering of proteins in conjunction with enzyme kinetics, thermodynamic, real-time interaction, and x-ray crystallographic studies has provided knowledge on the mechanism of inhibition of xip-i towa ...	2004	14871661
properties of taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitors.	two types of proteinaceous endoxylanase inhibitors occur in different cereals, i.e. the taxi [triticum aestivum endoxylanase inhibitor]-type and xip [endoxylanase inhibiting protein]-type inhibitors. the present paper focuses on the taxi-type proteins and deals with their structural characteristics and the identification, characterisation and heterologous expression of a taxi gene from wheat. in addition, to shed light on the mechanism by which taxi-type endoxylanase inhibitors work, the enzyme ...	2004	14871662
[research on the resistance of the triticum vulgare embryo under anaerobic conditions].		2015	14921654
misdivision of univalents in common wheat.		1952	14945063
enzymatic hydrolysis of organic phosphorus in swine manure and soil.	organic phosphorus (po) exists in many chemical forms that differ in their susceptibility to hydrolysis and, therefore, bioavailability to plants and microorganisms. identification and quantification of these forms may significantly contribute to effective agricultural p management. phosphatases catalyze reactions that release orthophosphate (pi) from po compounds. alkaline phosphatase in tris-hcl buffer (ph 9.0), wheat (triticum aestivum l.) phytase in potassium acetate buffer (ph 5.0), and nuc ...	2004	14964392
[effect of substituting chromosome 5a with an supernumary chromosome 5b in offspring of a somaclonal common wheat line monosomic for 5a].	cytogenetic analysis was employed in studying the cause of generation of fertile awned forms in the progeny of plants, which were selected from a speltoid somaclonal wheat line monosomic for chromosome 5a (2n = 41 = 20ii + i), had speltoid spikes, and were reproduced by self pollination. on cytogenetic and genetic evidence, chromosome 5a was eliminated and the copy number of chromosome 5b increased in the plants examined. the appearance of an extra chromosome 5b is probably caused by nondisjunct ...	2003	14964833
[features of recombination of nuclear genome in back crossed offspring of barley-wheat hybrids hordeum vulgare l. (2n=14) x triticum aestivum l. (2n+42) with the use of ssr-analysis].	the backcross progenies of the barley-wheat hybrids hordeum vulgare l. (2n = 14) x triticum aestivum l. (2n = 42) and two alloplasmic lines derived from them were studied using microsatellite markers of barley and wheat. the f1 hybrids and first backcross plants bc1 contained the genetic material of both cultivated barley and the cultivars of common wheat involved in developing of these hybrid genotypes. the genomes of bc3, bc4, and alloplasmic lines contained no microsatellite markers of the cu ...	2003	14964835
[on the question of using alleles of gliadin-coding loci as possible markers of adaptive ability in cultivars of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) during seed germination].	prolamine proteolysis is assumed to be among numerous adaptability factors in cereals. the patterns of gliadin proteolysis have been studied in 16 cultivars of spring wheat via analysis of electrophoretic spectra. four proteolytic patterns have been identified. it is hypothesized that the cultivars characterized by early and rapid proteolysis (the first and third types) are the most adaptable. the gliadin genetic formulas of chromosomes of the first homeologous group have been determined. the al ...	0	14964836
[cultivar identification of monosomal series of common wheat].	storage proteins (gliadins) were employed in cultivar identification of a monosomic series obtained on the basis of a swedish accession. the cultivar was identified as diamant 2.	2003	14964843
mechanisms underlying the amelioration of o3-induced damage by elevated atmospheric concentrations of co2.	there is growing evidence that rising atmospheric co2 concentrations will reduce or prevent reductions in the growth and productivity of c3 crops attributable to ozone (o3) pollution. in this study, the role of pollutant exclusion in mediating this response was investigated through growth chamber-based investigations on leaves 4 and 7 of spring wheat (triticum aestivum cv. hanno). in the core experiments, plants were raised at two atmospheric co2 concentrations (ambient [350 micro l l(-1)] or el ...	2004	14966219
one hundred and one new microsatellite loci derived from ests (est-ssrs) in bread wheat.	four hundred and seventy-eight microsatellite markers derived from expressed sequence tags (est-ssrs) were screened among three mapping populations (w-7984xopata 85, wopop; lumaixhanxuan, lhpop; wenmaixshanhongmai, wspop). the number of polymorphic est-ssr primer pairs found in wopop, lhpop and wspop was 92, 58 and 29 respectively. a total of 101 est-ssr loci amplified from 88 primer sets were distributed over the 20 chromosomes of the reference maps (no markers were located on chromosome 4b). t ...	2004	14968301
seedling and adult plant resistance to sitobion avenae (hemiptera: aphididae) in triticum monococcum (poaceae), an ancestor of wheat.	cereal aphids are important pests of wheat, triticum aestivum l. and triticum durum desf. crop resistance is a desirable method for managing cereal aphids in central north america, where the dominant crop, spring-sown wheat, has a low value per unit area. a diploid ancestor of wheat, triticum monococcum l., is reported to be partially resistant to sitobion avenae (fabricius), the most damaging cereal aphid in the region. to identify potential sources of resistance, 42 accessions of t. monococcum ...	2004	14972048
protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts regulates starch branching enzyme activity and protein-protein interactions.	protein phosphorylation in amyloplasts and chloroplasts of triticum aestivum (wheat) was investigated after the incubation of intact plastids with gamma-(32)p-atp. among the soluble phosphoproteins detected in plastids, three forms of starch branching enzyme (sbe) were phosphorylated in amyloplasts (sbei, sbeiia, and sbeiib), and both forms of sbe in chloroplasts (sbei and sbeiia) were shown to be phosphorylated after sequencing of the immunoprecipitated (32)p-labeled phosphoproteins using quadr ...	2004	14973170
genetic basis of pre-harvest sprouting tolerance using single-locus and two-locus qtl analyses in bread wheat.	quantitative trait loci (qtl) analysis for pre-harvest sprouting tolerance (phst) in bread wheat was conducted following single-locus and two-locus analyses, using data on a set of 110 recombinant inbred lines (rils) of the international triticeae mapping initiative population grown in four different environments. single-locus analysis following composite interval mapping (cim) resolved a total of five qtls with one to four qtls in each of the four individual environments. four of these five qtl ...	2004	14986154
[effects of genotype and environment on wheat grain quality and protein components].	the variations of grain qualities and protein components of 40 wheat (triticum aestivum) varieties were studied at three sites in 1998 and 1999. the results showed that there were significant differences among the genotypes in all the quality characters and protein components. the 40 wheat varieties were divided into 6 groups by comprehensive characters, which mainly included semi-hard and soft wheat in the experimental environment. the effects of environment were significant on grain test weigh ...	2003	14986358
crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction study of two complexes of a taxi-type xylanase inhibitor with glycoside hydrolase family 11 xylanases from aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis.	endo-beta-1,4-xylanases hydrolyze arabinoxylan, a major constituent of cereal cell walls, and are nowadays widely used in biotechnological processes. purified complexes of family 11 xylanases from aspergillus niger and bacillus subtilis with taxi i, a taxi-type xylanase inhibitor from triticum aestivum l., were prepared. in both cases the complex was crystallized using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method. the needle-like crystals of taxi i in complex with a. niger xylanase belong to the tri ...	2004	14993691
[differences in growth and ontogenetic development of plants grown in the earth gravitational field in the natural and inverse orientation].	wheat plants triticum aestivum l., apogee cultivar, were grown in the natural and inverse orientation of the earth gravitational field. special vegetation containers with double bottom were used for the cultivation. the upper bottom made of porous titanium served as a hydrophilic porous membrane stabilizing aquatic potential in the root-inhabited zone at a given level. normal plants yielding viable seeds were obtained for both natural and inverse orientation. in our experiments, the inverse orie ...	2016	14994469
plant damage and yield response to the russian wheat aphid (homoptera: aphididae) on susceptible and resistant winter wheats in colorado.	plant damage and yield response to the russian wheat aphid, diuraphis noxia (mordvilko), were evaluated on a susceptible (tam 107) and a resistant (rwa e1) winter wheat, triticum aestivum l., in three colorado locations in the 1993 and 1994 crop years. russian wheat aphid was more abundant on tam 107 than on rwa e1. russian wheat aphid days per tiller were greater at the higher infestation levels. yield losses as a result of russian wheat aphid infestation occurred most of the time with tam 107 ...	2003	14994801
efficacy of diatomaceous earth to control internal infestations of rice weevil and maize weevil (coleoptera: curculionidae).	densities of 10, 20, and 30 hard red winter wheat kernels, triticum aestivum l., were infested with different life stages of the rice weevil, sitophilus oryzae (l.), mixed with 35 g of wheat treated with 300 ppm of the protect-it (mississauga, ontario, canada) formulation of diatomaceous earth (de), and held at 22, 27, and 32 degrees c. a similar test was conducted by exposing densities of 6, 12, and 18 corn kernels infested with different life stages of the maize weevil, sitophilus zeamais mots ...	2003	14994822
the composition of grain and forage from glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800 is equivalent to that of conventional wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	glyphosate tolerant wheat mon 71800, simply referred to as mon 71800, contains a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (epsps) protein from agrobacterium sp. strain cp4 (cp4 epsps) that has a reduced affinity for glyphosate as compared to the endogenous plant epsps enzyme. the purpose of this work was to evaluate the compositional equivalence of mon 71800 to its nontransgenic parent as well as to conventional wheat varieties. the compositional assessment evaluated the levels of proximates, ...	2004	14995149
molecular identification and chromosomal localization of genes encoding triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor i-like proteins in cereals.	taxi ( triticum aestivum xylanase inhibitor) proteins are present in wheat flour and are known to inhibit glycosyl hydrolase family 11 endoxylanases, enzymes which are commonly applied in grain processing. here, we describe the pcr-based molecular identification of genes encoding endoxylanase inhibitors hvxi and scxi, the taxi-like proteins from barley ( hordeum vulgare) and rye ( secale cereale) respectively. the hvxi coding sequence encodes a mature protein of 384 amino acids preceded by a 19 ...	0	15004675
microsatellite-based deletion bin system for the establishment of genetic-physical map relationships in wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	because of polyploidy and large genome size, deletion stocks of bread wheat are an ideal material for physically allocating ests and genes to small chromosomal regions for targeted mapping. to enhance the utility of deletion stocks for chromosome bin mapping, we characterized a set of 84 deletion lines covering the 21 chromosomes of wheat using 725 microsatellites. we localized these microsatellite loci to 94 breakpoints in a homozygous state (88 distal deletions, 6 interstitial), and 5 in a het ...	2004	15004738
analysis of the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and sequencing of 16s rrna clones.	the endophytic actinobacterial population in the roots of wheat grown in three different soils obtained from the southeast part of south australia was investigated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-rflp) analysis of the amplified 16s rrna genes. a new, validated approach was applied to the t-rflp analysis in order to estimate, to the genus level, the actinobacterial population that was identified. actinobacterium-biased primers were used together with three restriction enzy ...	2004	15006805
dwarf bunt: politics, identification, and biology.	dwarf bunt is a disease of wheat caused by the smut fungus tilletia controversa kuhn. winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.) is the primary host of economic significance. although the total acreage affected by dwarf bunt is small relative to total wheat production worldwide, the disease has assumed attention disproportionate to its economic impact because it has become a matter of contention in world trade in cereals. this review describes the political and economic issues underlying the study and ...	1996	15012535
localization of a novel recessive powdery mildew resistance gene from common wheat line rd30 in the terminal region of chromosome 7al.	segregation analysis of resistance to powdery mildew in a f(2) progeny from the cross chinese spring (cs) x ta2682c revealed the inheritance of a dominant and a recessive powdery mildew resistance gene. selfing of susceptible f(2) individuals allowed the establishment of a mapping population segregating exclusively for the recessive resistance gene. the extracted resistant derivative showing full resistance to each of 11 wheat powdery mildew isolates was designated rd30. amplified fragment lengt ...	2004	15014874
qtl analysis of resistance to fusarium head blight in swiss winter wheat (triticum aestivum l.).	fusarium head blight (fhb) of wheat is a widespread and destructive disease which occurs in humid and semi-humid areas. fhb epidemics can cause serious yield and quality losses under favorable climatic conditions, but the major concern is the contamination of grains with mycotoxins. resistance to fhb is quantitatively inherited and greatly influenced by the environment. its evaluation is costly and time-consuming. the genetic basis of fhb resistance has mainly been studied in spring wheat. the o ...	2004	15014875
expression and localisation analysis of the wheat sucrose transporter tasut1 in vegetative tissues.	previously we reported the isolation of three sucrose transporter genes, tasut1a, 1b and 1d, all expressed at high levels in the developing grains of hexaploid wheat ( triticum aestivum l.), but also in a variety of other tissues. in order to further characterise the expression of the tasut1 genes in wheat plants, we have analysed tasut1 expression in their vegetative tissues using semi-quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, in situ hybridisation and immunolocalisation. th ...	2004	15014993
alkali grass resists salt stress through high [k+] and an endodermis barrier to na+.	in order to understand the salt-tolerance mechanism of alkali grass (puccinellia tenuiflora) compared with wheat (triticum aestivum l.), [k(+)] and [na(+)] in roots and shoots in response to salt treatments were examined with ion element analysis and x-ray microanalysis. both the rapid k(+) and na(+) influx in response to different nacl and kcl treatments, and the accumulation of k(+) and na(+) as the plants acclimated to long-term stress were studied in culture- solution experiments. a higher k ...	2004	15020645
a new resource for cereal genomics: 22k barley genechip comes of age.	in recent years, access to complete genomic sequences, coupled with rapidly accumulating data related to rna and protein expression patterns, has made it possible to determine comprehensively how genes contribute to complex phenotypes. however, for major crop plants, publicly available, standard platforms for parallel expression analysis have been limited. we report the conception and design of the new publicly available, 22k barley1 genechip probe array, a model for plants without a fully seque ...	2004	15020760
[purification and characterization of lipases from wheat germ].	a method of isolation and purification of lipase (ec 3.1.1.3) from the germ of wheat (triticum aestivum) is described. electrophoretically homogeneous preparation of the enzyme (specific activity, 622.5 x x 10(-3) mumol/min per mg protein) was obtained after purification in 61 times. the molecular weight of the enzyme, determined by gel chromatography, was 143 +/- 2 kda. the optimal conditions for the enzyme were 37 degrees and ph 8.0. homogeneous preparation of the lipase exhibited high thermal ...	2006	15029708
wheat seedlings as a model to understand desiccation tolerance and sensitivity.	the coleoptiles of wheat (triticum aestivum l.) seedlings of cultivar trémie are desiccation tolerant when 3 days old, although the roots are not. cutting some of the coleoptiles open prior to dehydration rapidly increased the drying rate. this rendered the coleoptiles sensitive to desiccation, providing a useful model with which to study desiccation tolerance. both sensitive and tolerant seedlings were dehydrated to 0.3 g h(2)o g(-1) dry mass (g.g) and thereafter rehydrated. sensitive tissues a ...	2004	15032818
influence of ozone on ribonuclease activity in wheat (triticum aestivum) leaves.	ribonucleases (rnases) degrade rna and exert a major influence on gene expression during development and in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. rnase activity typically increases in response to pathogen attack, wounding and phosphate (p(i)) deficiency. activity also increases during senescence and other programmed cell death processes. the air pollutant ozone (o(3)) often induces injury and accelerated senescence in many plants, but the biochemical mechanisms involved in these responses rem ...	2004	15032859
differential effects of aluminium on osmotic potential and sugar accumulation in the root cells of al-resistant and al-sensitive wheat.	the changes in osmotic potential and the concentration of osmotic solutes in the cell sap of the root tips exposed to al were examined in two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum) differing in al resistance. root elongation was less influenced by an 8-h exposure to 20 microm or 50 microm al in al-resistant cv. atlas 66 than in al-sensitive cv. scout 66. after al treatment the osmotic potential of the root cells was decreased in atlas 66 but increased in scout 66 indicating that the al treatment ...	2004	15032882
hydrophytes lack potential to exhibit cadmium stress induced enhancement in lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline.	investigations were carried out to evaluate if hydrophytes (viz. ceratophyllum, wolffia, and hydrilla) can be used as markers to assess the level of heavy metal pollution in aquatic bodies. the potential of these hydrophytes for lipid peroxidation and accumulation of proline in response to cadmium (cd2+) pollution was studied. hydrophytes were raised in artificial pond water (apw) supplemented with various levels of cd2+. interestingly, unlike mesophytes none of the hydrophytes showed ability to ...	2004	15036869
intermediate fertile triticum aestivum (+) agropyron elongatum somatic hybrids are generated by low doses of uv irradiation.	we report the production and characterization of somatic hybrids between triticum aestivum l. and agropyron elongatum (host) nevishi (the synonym is thinopyrum ponticum). asymmetric protoplast fusion was performed between agropyron elongatum protoplasts irradiated with a low uv dose and protoplasts of wheat taken from nonregenerable suspension cultures. more than 40 green plantlets were obtained from 15 regenerated clones and one of them produced seeds. the phenotypes of the hybrid plants and se ...	2004	15040895
development of pcr-based codominant markers flanking the alt3 gene in rye.	aluminum (al) toxicity is considered to be a major problem for crop growth and production on acid soils. the ability of crops to overcome al toxicity varies among crop species and cultivars. rye (secale cereale l.) is the most al-tolerant species among the triticeae. our previous study showed that al tolerance in a rye f6 recombinant inbred line (ril) population was controlled by a single gene designated as the aluminum tolerance (alt3) gene on chromosome 4rl. based on the dna sequence of a rice ...	2004	15060575
linkage mapping of powdery mildew and greenbug resistance genes on recombinant 1rs from 'amigo' and 'kavkaz' wheat-rye translocations of chromosome 1rs.1al.	cultivated rye (secale cereale l., 2n = 2x = 14, rr) is an important source of genes for insect and disease resistance in wheat (triticum aestivum l., 2n = 6x = 42). rye chromosome arm 1rs of s. cereale 'kavkaz' originally found as a 1bl.1rs translocation, carries genes for disease resistance (e.g., lr26, sr31, yr9, and pm8), while 1rs of the s. cereale 'amigo' translocation (1rsa) carries a single resistance gene for greenbug (schizaphis graminum rondani) biotypes b and c and also carries addit ...	2004	15060581
genetic and physical mapping of homoeologous recombination points involving wheat chromosome 2b and rye chromosome 2r.	wide hybrids have been used in generating genetic maps of many plant species. in this study, genetic and physical mapping was performed on ph1b-induced recombinants of rye chromosome 2r in wheat (triticum aestivum l.). all recombinants were single breakpoint translocations. recombination 2rs-2bs was absent from the terminal and the pericentric regions and was distributed randomly along an intercalary segment covering approximately 65% of the arm's length. such a distribution probably resulted fr ...	2004	15060600
molecular cytogenetic characterization of an alloplasmic durum wheat line with a portion of chromosome 1d of triticum aestivum carrying the scs(ae) gene.	triticum aestivum (2n = 6x = 42, aabbdd) with triticum longissimum (2n = 2x = 14; s1s1) cytoplasm ((lo) cytoplasm) has normal fertility and plant vigor. however, the nucleus of durum wheat (triticum turgidum (2n = 4x = 28, aabb)) is incompatible with the t. longissimum cytoplasm, producing non-viable progeny. this incompatibility is alleviated by scs(ae), a species cytoplasm-specific (scs) gene, on the long arm of chromosome 1d (1dl) of common wheat. the hemizygous (lo) durum scs(ae) line is mal ...	2004	15060617
the transfer and characterization of resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum to wheat.	common root rot, caused by cochliobolus sativus (ito and kurib) drechs. ex dastur, is a major soil-borne disease of spring and winter wheat (triticum aestivum l. em thell.) on the canadian prairies. resistance to common root rot from thinopyrum ponticum (podp.) liu and wang was transferred into wheat via crossing with agrotana, a resistant wheat - th. ponticum partial amphiploid line. evaluation of common root rot reactions showed that selected advanced lines with blue kernel color derived from ...	2004	15060618
multiplex polymerase chain reaction analysis of glu-1 high-molecular-mass glutenin genes from wheat by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.	the unique bread-making properties of wheat are closely correlated with composition and quantity of high-molecular-mass (hmw) glutenin subunits encoded by the glu-1 genes. we report the development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method to identify bread wheat genotypes carrying hmw glutenin allele composition of glu-1 complex loci (glu-a1, glu-b1 and glu-d1) by capillary electrophoresis(ce) with laser-induced fluorescence (lif) detection. two triplex primer sets of hmw glutenin s ...	2004	15065810
deletion and complementation of the mating type (mat) locus of the wheat head blight pathogen gibberella zeae.	gibberella zeae, a self-fertile, haploid filamentous ascomycete, causes serious epidemics of wheat (triticum aestivum) head blight worldwide and contaminates grain with trichothecene mycotoxins. anecdotal evidence dating back to the late 19th century indicates that g. zeae ascospores (sexual spores) are a more important inoculum source than are macroconidia (asexual spores), although the fungus can produce both during wheat head blight epidemics. to develop fungal strains to test this hypothesis ...	2004	15066842
transferability of ssr markers among wheat, rye, and triticale.	simple sequence repeat (ssr) markers are a valuable tool for many purposes, such as mapping, fingerprinting, and breeding. however, they are only available in some economically important crops because of the high cost and labor intensity involved in their development. comparative mapping reveals a high degree of colinearity between closely related species, which allows the exchange of markers between them. our objective was to examine the transferability of ssr markers among wheat ( triticum aes ...	2004	15067402
[allele characterization of storage protein loci in the greek spring wheat cultivars].	genotypes at the storage protein loci glu-a1, glu-b1, glu-d1, gli-a1, gli-b1, gli-d1, gli-a3 were identified in a group of greek spring common wheat varieties. these varieties served as the parental forms for producing dihaploid lines. heterogeneous varieties were revealed.	2008	15067944
aflp-based genetic diversity and its comparison with diversity based on ssr, sampl, and phenotypic traits in bread wheat.	data on aflp (eight primer pairs) and 14 phenotypic traits, collected on 55 elite and exotic bread wheat genotypes, were utilized for estimations of genetic diversity. we earlier used these 55 genotypes for a similar study using ssrs and sampl. as many as 615 scorable aflp bands visualized included 287 (46.6%) polymorphic bands. the phenotypic traits included yield and its component traits, as well as physiomorphological traits like flag leaf area. dendrograms were prepared using cluster analysi ...	2004	15068338
a new method to detect cadmium uptake in protoplasts.	the mechanism for cadmium (cd2+) uptake into the cytosol of protoplasts from 5- to 7-day-old wheat seedlings (triticum aestivum l. cv. kadett) was investigated by a new method, using fluorescence microscopy and the heavy metal-specific fluorescent dye, 5-nitrobenzothiazole coumarin, btc-5n. cadmium fluorescence gradually increased in the cytosol of shoot and root protoplasts upon repeated additions of cdcl2 to the external medium, reflecting an uptake of cd2+. the uptake was inhibited by calcium ...	2004	15069560
application of experimental design to the development of an hplc method for the analysis of ochratoxin a in triticum aestivum grain.	ochratoxin a is a mycotoxin, a natural product of aspergillus and penicillium species. it can be present in grain from triticum aestivum, (graminae) and other starch-abundant cereals. this paper describes the investigation of ochratoxin a in grain from triticum aestivum using a statistically optimized hplc method. the assay was developed using two mathematical statistical models: factorial design and response surface mapping. the final step was to optimize the values of variables by response sur ...	2004	15074586
a novel laboratory screening bioassay for crop seedling allelopathy.	crops that control weeds by root exudation of allelochemicals are receiving increased attention, and there are efforts to breed allelopathic cultivars in several crops. the genetic improvement of allelopathic traits is based upon parental germ plasm with high allelopathic activity. identification of allelopathic germplasm is done in laboratory screening bioassays, but experimental protocols are limited. we developed a fast and reliable laboratory screening bioassay for grain crops that includes ...	2004	15074665
effect of chloride in soil solution on the plant availability of biosolid-borne cadmium.	increasing chloride (cl) concentration in soil solution has been shown to increase cadmium (cd) concentration in soil solution and cd uptake by plants, when grown in phosphate fertilizer- or biosolid-amended soils. however, previous experiments did not distinguish between the effect of cl on biosolid-borne cd compared with soil-borne cd inherited from previous fertilizer history. a factorial pot experiment was conducted with biosolid application rates of 0, 20, 40, and 80 g biosolids kg(-1) and ...	2013	15074800
predicting cadmium concentrations in wheat and barley grain using soil properties.	the entry of cd into the food chain is of concern as it can cause chronic health problems. to investigate the relationship between soil properties and the concentration of cd in wheat (triticum aestivum l.) and harley (hordeum vulgare l.) grain, we analyzed 162 wheat and 215 barley grain samples collected from paired soil and crop surveys in britain, and wheat and barley samples from two long-term sewage sludge experiments. cadmium concentrations were much lower in barley grain than in wheat gra ...	2017	15074804
both mitogen activated protein kinase and the mammalian target of rapamycin modulate the development of functional renal proximal tubules in matrigel.	tubules may arise during branching morphogenesis through several mechanisms including wrapping, budding, cavitation and cord hollowing. in this report we present evidence that is consistent with renal proximal tubule formation through a process of cord hollowing (a process that requires the concomitant establishment of apicobasal polarity and lumen formation). pockets of lumen filled with lucifer yellow were observed within developing cords of rabbit renal proximal tubule cells in matrigel. the ...	2004	15075242
response of graywater recycling systems based on hydroponic plant growth to three classes of surfactants.	anionic (sodium laureth sulfate, sles), amphoteric (cocamidopropyl betaine, capb) and nonionic (alcohol polyethoxylate, ae) surfactants were added to separate nutrient film technique (nft) hydroponic systems containing dwarf wheat (triticum aestivum cv. usu apogee) in a series of 21 day trials. surfactant was added either in a (1). temporally dynamic mode (1-3 g surfactant m(-2) growing area d(-1)) as effected by automatic addition of a 300 ppm surfactant solution to meet plant water demand, or ...	2004	15087176
responses of spring wheat (triticum aestivum l.) to ozone produced by either electric discharge and dry air or by uv-lamps and ambient air.	the aim of the present study was to examine if ozone produced similar effects on spring wheat growth with and without small amounts of nitrogen oxides. two methods were used to produce ozone: the first method consisted of dry pressurized air fed to an electric discharge generator generating the byproducts, n2o5 and n2o, the second method consisted of ambient air fed to uv-lamps. two spring wheat cultivars (triticum aestivum l. cvs minaret and eridano) were exposed in small open-top chambers to c ...	1996	15091350
evaluation of plant availability of soil trace metals by chemical fractionation and multiple regression analysis.	soil samples with a range of chemical and physical properties were collected from 10 different rural regions of china. trace metals (ni, co, cu, and pb) in the soils were partitioned by a sequential extraction procedure into mg(no(3))(2) extractable (f1), ch(3)coona extractable (f2), nh(2)oh.hcl extractable (f3), hno(3)?h(2)o(2) extractable (f4), and residual (f5) fractions. chemical fractionation showed that f1 fraction of the metals was less than 1% and residue was the dominant form for cu and ...	1996	15091423
effects of elevated co2 nitrogen supply and tropospheric ozone on spring wheat. i. growth and yield.	spring wheat (triticum aestivum l. cv. minaret) was exposed to three co(2) levels, in combination with two nitrogen fertilizer levels and two levels of tropospheric ozone, from sowing to ripening in open-top chambers. three additional nitrogen fertilizer treatments were carried out at the lowest and the highest co(2) level, respectively. plants were harvested at growth stages 31, 65 and 93 and separated into up to eight fractions to gain information about biomass partitioning. co(2) enrichment ( ...	1996	15091431
response of two cultivars of triticum aestivum l. to simulated acid rain.	the present experiment was aimed at assessing the impact of simulated acidic precipitation (sar) on growth, biomass accumulation and yield of two cultivars of wheat (triticum aestivum l.), malviya 206 and 234, varying in cuticular thickness and leaf area. wheat cultivars were exposed to simulated rain acidified to ph 5.6 (control), 5.0, 4.5, 4.0 and 3.0 from 30 days of age, twice a week for five weeks. the plants received ambient precipitation of unknown acidity, as well as the acid rain treatme ...	1996	15091436
loss of particulate contaminants from plant canopies under wet and dry conditions.	there is a requirement for data describing the loss with time of particulate contamination from plant canopies. measurements were made of the loss rates of monodispersed silica spheres (three sizes, with mass median aerodynamic diameters (mmads) 1.9, 5.3 and 8.4 microm) from wheat (triticum aestivum) and broad bean (vicia faba) canopies. the spheres were labelled with tracers detectable by instrumental neutron activation analysis (inaa). canopies were contaminated under realistic turbulence cond ...	1996	15091444