Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| mycobacterium leprae-reactive t-cell clones isolated from polar lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy patients. | t-cell clones capable of mounting a proliferative response to mycobacterium leprae were obtained in three leprosy patients (two polar lepromatous and one polar tuberculoid) either from m. leprae-activated or from protein-purified derivative-activated polyclonal t lymphoblasts. all these clones expressed the cd4 surface marker. some of them proliferated to the antigen only in the presence of interleukin-2. a majority expressed cross-reactive responses to other mycobacteria. clones obtained from t ... | 1987 | 2830893 |
| the leprosy bacillus: a microbe-dependent microbe. | since the discovery of the leprosy bacillus, cultivable mycobacteria were regularly found in lepratic tissues of humans and armadillos. unpublished data indicate that professor hugo preisz isolated and collected several cultures of unidentified cultivable strains of mycobacteria from leprosy sufferers. recent findings suggest that mycobacterium leprae is a microbe-dependent, mycobactin-deficient microorganism. the author proposes the concept that secondary mycobacteria found in leprosy cases are ... | 1987 | 2831691 |
| biosynthesis and scavenging of purines by pathogenic mycobacteria including mycobacterium leprae. | purine biosynthesis de novo could not be detected in suspensions of mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo tissue. in contrast, non-growing suspensions of other pathogenic mycobacteria, also isolated from infected host tissue did synthesize purines. rates of synthesis, judged by incorporation of [2-14c]glycine or [3-14c]serine into nucleic acid purines were 600 times higher in m. microti and 110 times higher in m. avium--both isolated from infected mouse tissue--than the lowest possible ra ... | 1987 | 2833559 |
| induction of unresponsiveness to gamma interferon in macrophages infected with mycobacterium leprae. | we have previously demonstrated that mycobacterium leprae-burdened granuloma macrophages isolated from infected nude mice are refractory to activation by gamma interferon (ifn-gamma). to explore further both the afferent and efferent functional capacity of m. leprae-infected macrophages, we examined the ifn-gamma-mediated activation of resident mouse peritoneal macrophages infected in vitro with live or dead m. leprae. when ifn-gamma was administered within 24 h of m. leprae infection, macrophag ... | 1988 | 2840398 |
| nerve damage induced by mycobacterial granulomas in guinea pig sciatic nerves. | a possible model for nerve damage in leprosy has been developed in the sciatic nerve of the guinea pig. intraneural injection of 10(7) bcg organisms into an unsensitized animal induces an epithelioid cell granuloma in 2 weeks similar to that found in tuberculoid leprosy patients. in contrast, intraneural injection of 10(9) cobalt-irradiated mycobacterium leprae organisms induces a macrophage granuloma in 5 weeks, similar to that found in lepromatous leprosy patients. histological, immunohistoche ... | 1988 | 2842415 |
| [the critical study of vaccine therapy of leprosy. the active life of mycobacteria in the long development cycle]. | 1988 | 2845696 | |
| ultrastructural studies of peripheral nerves in lepromatous leprosy patients. | ultrathin sections of the peripheral nerves taken from three lepromatous leprosy patients (one untreated, other treated and third in enl reaction) was examined in the electronmicroscope. in the untreated patient, solid m. leprae organism inside the schwann cell and the degeneration of schwann cell was seen. in contrast, the treated patient showed the degeneration of bacilli and myelinated fibres. however, the characteristics of cells in the enl reaction showed close similarities with the untreat ... | 1988 | 2848907 |
| serological tests for leprosy. | 1986 | 2869264 | |
| expression of mycobacterium leprae genes from a streptococcus mutans promoter in escherichia coli k-12. | genomic libraries of mycobacterium leprae dna partially digested with pst i were constructed in the expression vector pya626, which contains the promoter region from the streptococcus mutans gene encoding aspartate beta-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, which is very efficiently expressed in escherichia coli. we have detected several clones that complement a mutation in the citrate synthase gene of e. coli. southern blot analysis demonstrated that the complementing dna was m. leprae dna. sodium dodecy ... | 1986 | 2869492 |
| biochemical studies on mycobacterium leprae. | very little information is available on the basic biology of mycobacterium leprae. it is not known why the organism fails to grow in bacteriological media or in cell cultures and why it has an unusual predilection for certain tissues in the human host where cells derived from the neural crest occur (e.g. skin, peripheral nerves, adrenal medulla). biochemical studies have revealed that m. leprae contains an unusual form of the enzyme diphenoloxidase which has not been detected in other mycobacter ... | 1986 | 2874208 |
| vaccines against leprosy. | 1987 | 2883495 | |
| the recombinant 65-kd heat shock protein of mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guerin/m. tuberculosis is a target molecule for cd4+ cytotoxic t lymphocytes that lyse human monocytes. | since little is known about tc cells in the human immune response to intracellular parasites, we have studied the role of tc cells in response to m. bovis bacillus calmette-guerin (bcg). donors whose pbmc responded to bcg, purified protein derivative (ppd), and the recombinant 65-kd heat shock protein (hsp) of bcg generated bcg/ppd-specific cd4+ effector t lymphocytes that lysed ppd as well as recombinant 65-kd-pulsed monocytes. nonpulsed or irrelevant antigen-pulsed target cells were lysed to a ... | 1988 | 2903217 |
| the classical and alternate pathways of t cell activation are impaired in leprosy. | the proliferative response of circulating t lymphocytes from bacterial index-positive lepromatous patients to mitogenic anti-cd3 and pairs of anti-cd2 monoclonal antibodies was significantly reduced. in these patients, the cd2 but not cd3 receptor expression was down-regulated. further, the cd2 modulation and the associated suppression of proliferative response to monoclonals was brought about in t cells of healthy subjects by prior incubation of mononuclear cells in vitro with mycobacterium lep ... | 1988 | 2903849 |
| implications of genetics for the epidemiology and control of leprosy. | this paper reviews the rationale and history of genetic studies related to leprosy, and considers their implications for the epidemiology and control of the disease. a long tradition of genetic studies in leprosy was initiated by early impressions that the disease clusters within families. investigations were first motivated by an attempt to understand population patterns, and the focus shifted from investigations of racial differences to investigations of families, of twins and ultimately of ge ... | 1988 | 2907149 |
| leukocyte subsets in the granulomatous response produced after inoculation with mycobacterium leprae-bcg in lepromatous patients. | leukocyte subsets present in the granulomatous response produced after the inoculation of a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg in lepromatous leprosy patients were characterized in situ using monoclonal antibodies and an immunoperoxidase technique. the granuloma produced after m. leprae-bcg inoculation showed a distribution pattern similar to tuberculoid granulomas. t lymphocytes bearing the cd8 phenotype (t cytotoxic/suppressor) were sequestered to the periphery of the epithelioid tubercle ... | 1988 | 2908581 |
| effect of mycobacterium leprae-infected schwann cells and their supernatant on lymphocyte neuroglia interaction. | since the resolution of neural lesions and subsequent nerve damage in leprosy must inevitably involve the participation of immune cells sensitized to mycobacteria, we have used the dissociated schwann cell culture model to study the relationship between m. leprae-infected schwann cells and sensitized immune cells. our earlier study on light and ultrastructural observations showed that on infection with m. leprae, the cytomorphology of schwann cells remains unaffected, while degenerative changes ... | 1989 | 2925843 |
| immunogold labeling method for mycobacterium leprae-specific phenolic glycolipid in glutaraldehyde-osmium-fixed and araldite-embedded leprosy lesions. | phenolic glycolipid (pgl)-i, a mycobacterium leprae-specific antigen currently used for serodiagnosis of preclinical leprosy, has thus far not been localized subcellularly in leprosy bacilli and their host cells. in this study, we developed an immunogold-labeling technique for qualitative identification of pgl-i sites in glutaraldehyde-osmium-fixed and araldite-embedded m. leprae and host macrophages in human skin biopsies. such "hard-fixed," plastic-embedded skin and nerve biopsies from patient ... | 1989 | 2926124 |
| natural emergence of antigen-reactive t cells in lepromatous leprosy patients during erythema nodosum leprosum. | fifteen lepromatous leprosy (ll) patients undergoing erythema nodosum leprosum (enl) reactions were compared with 13 stable, uncomplicated, anergic individuals of the same leprosy background. enl patients showed significant antigen-induced leukocyte migration inhibition (migration index = 0.058 +/- 0.01), paralleling the values obtained with a responder tuberculoid leprosy population (migration index = 0.04 +/- 0.004). both phytohemagglutinin-induced general t-cell proliferation and, more signif ... | 1985 | 2933339 |
| host-parasite interaction in relation to leprosy. | 1985 | 2934487 | |
| cellular immunity in lepromatous and tuberculoid leprosy. | the depression of cellular immunity in lepromatous patients is not understood. while the blood monocytes of leprosy patients appear to be activated normally by lymphokines, t cell proliferation and production of lymphokines in response to mycobacterium leprae are impaired in lepromatous patients. attempts to restore responsiveness in cells from these patients have been unsuccessful in our hands. the addition of exogenous il-2 to leukocyte cultures does not appear to restore responsiveness to m. ... | 1985 | 2935494 |
| interleukin-2-induced t-cell response to m. leprae in lepromatous leprosy: reversion of a suppressor mechanism or expansion of a small m. leprae-reactive t-cell pool? | 1985 | 2935587 | |
| in vivo repackaging of recombinant cosmid molecules for analyses of salmonella typhimurium, streptococcus mutans, and mycobacterial genomic libraries. | strains of escherichia coli k-12 were constructed that permitted the amplification of in vitro-packaged recombinant cosmid-transducing particles by in vivo repackaging of recombinant cosmid molecules. thermal induction of these thermoinducible, excision-defective lysogens containing recombinant cosmid molecules yielded high titers of packaged recombinant cosmids and low levels of pfu. these strains were used to amplify packaged recombinant cosmid libraries of mycobacterium leprae, mycobacterium ... | 1986 | 2937735 |
| [preliminary observation on experimental infection with mycobacterium leprae in hedgehogs (erinaceus europaeus linne')]. | 1985 | 2938761 | |
| [preliminary observation on the effect of thymic peptide in the experimental infection of mice with mycobacterium leprae]. | 1985 | 2939979 | |
| [detection of antibodies in blood from the ear lobes of leprosy patients by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay--a preliminary report]. | 1985 | 2939997 | |
| a follow up of t-cell subsets and of anti-m. leprae antibody titer as measured by the fla-abs test in melanesian leprosy patients under polychemotherapy. | melanesian leprosy patients from new caledonia were studied for the following parameters during the course of polychemotherapy: peripheral blood t-cell subsets, as identified in an immunofluorescence assay with monoclonal antibodies okt3 ("pan-t"), okt4 ("helper/inducer"), and okt8 ("cytotoxic-suppressor"), and anti-mycobacterium leprae antibodies in the serum, as measured by the fluorescent leprosy antibody absorption test. a group of melanesian healthy subjects with no known exposure to m. lep ... | 1986 | 2940306 |
| genetically restricted suppressor t-cell clones derived from lepromatous leprosy lesions. | leprosy is a spectral disease in which immune responses to mycobacterium leprae correlate with the clinical, bacteriological and histopathological manifestations of disease, so study of its pathology provides insights into immunoregulatory mechanisms in man. at the tuberculoid pole, patients have few lesions in the skin which contain rare organisms and are able to mount strong cell-mediated immune responses to m. leprae antigens. in contrast, at the lepromatous pole, patients have disseminated s ... | 1986 | 2942780 |
| [preliminary study on the serological activity of phenolic glycolipid and its application to leprosy]. | 1986 | 2943444 | |
| ciprofloxacin (4-quinolone) and mycobacterium leprae. | 1986 | 2943954 | |
| suppressor t lymphocytes from lepromatous leprosy skin lesions. | the immune response in leprosy forms a spectrum with lepromatous leprosy patients exhibiting specific unresponsiveness to antigens of mycobacterium leprae. this unresponsiveness is thought to be related to the prevalence of t8-positive lymphocyte in these lepromatous lesions. to analyze the immunoregulatory function of these t8 cells, we developed simple procedures to extract lymphocytes from skin biopsy specimens of patients with leprosy. these lymphocytes were sorted for t8 and t4 positive cel ... | 1986 | 2944966 |
| t cell defect in lepromatous leprosy is reversible in vitro in the absence of exogenous growth factors. | t lymphocytes from patients with lepromatous leprosy (ll) characteristically fail to respond to mycobacterium leprae. this specific immunologic defect is thought to contribute to the aggressive clinical course that typifies patients with ll. we report that although fresh cd4+ (helper) t cells from most ll patients are specifically unresponsive to m. leprae, after culture in medium alone for 48 hr the same cells respond to m. leprae antigens. the recovery of t cell function is specific for m. lep ... | 1987 | 2947952 |
| lepromin-induced suppressor cells in lepromatous leprosy. | the presence or absence of suppressor cells in leprosy patients was investigated by measuring peripheral blood lepromin-induced suppression of the con a response. significant suppressor activity was measured in 15 of 15 untreated or recently treated patients with lepromatous leprosy and 3 of 5 patients with borderline lepromatous leprosy. in addition, in patients with lepromatous leprosy, suppressor cell activity was found in 10 of 14 patients that had been under treatment for more than 1 year b ... | 1987 | 2948676 |
| [intercellular relations in the immunology of leprosy]. | 1986 | 2951961 | |
| possible role of helper and cytolytic t cells in mycobacterial infections. | 1986 | 2952852 | |
| hla class ii restricted helper and suppressor clones reactive with mycobacterium leprae. | 1986 | 2952853 | |
| lepromin-induced lymphoproliferative response of experimental leprosy monkeys: regulatory role of monocyte and lymphocyte subsets. | we investigated the immunological status of seven normal, control mangabey monkeys and 23 mangabey monkeys experimentally inoculated with mangabey-origin mycobacterium leprae. clinically, these monkeys were divided into three broad groups: a recently inoculated group, a resistant group, and a susceptible group. the resistant group included 11 monkeys, seven of which showed no clinical sign of disease to date and four of which had shown local disease that partially regressed spontaneously. the su ... | 1987 | 2953794 |
| [a preliminary study on the serological activity of deacetylated phenolic glycolipid from m. leprae]. | 1987 | 2955923 | |
| regulatory role of fcr+ and fcr- monocyte subsets in mycobacterium leprae-induced lymphoproliferative response in vitro. | we investigated nine rhesus monkeys (macaca mulatta) inoculated with mycobacterium leprae and three normal human contacts. peripheral blood monocytes were separated into fc receptor positive (fcr+) and fc receptor negative (fcr-) fractions, and their regulatory role in the lymphoproliferative response in vitro to m. leprae was studied. fcr- monocytes had strong antigen presentation activity and produced no suppressor effect while fcr+ monocytes had weak antigen presentation activity and produced ... | 1987 | 2957129 |
| [evaluation of blocking agents for elisa in the detection of leprosy antibody]. | 1987 | 2958162 | |
| type 1 reactions in leprosy--heterogeneity in t-cell functions related to the background leprosy type. | nineteen each of paucibacillary borderline tuberculoid (bt) and multibacillary borderline borderline (bb)/borderline lepromatous (bl) leprosy patients undergoing type 1 reactions were compared with nonreactional stable patients of the appropriate leprosy type. in the bt reactional group, both phytohemagglutinin-induced and, more importantly, antigen-induced lymphoproliferation was reduced in 80%-90% of the patients. on the other hand, leukocyte migration inhibition was reduced in 40% and remaine ... | 1987 | 2958570 |
| immunosuppression and cellular immunity reactions in leprosy patients treated with a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg. | suppressor reactivity was studied in a group of leprosy patients before and after immunotherapy with a mixture of mycobacterium leprae and bcg. the treatment increases the responses in lymphocyte transformation tests to levels which are comparable to those observed in bt-tt patients and reduces suppressor activity. the soluble extract of m. leprae appears to be more sensitive than purified intact bacilli in the lymphocyte transformation tests, but this preparation did not induce suppressor react ... | 1987 | 2963084 |
| efficacy of a cell-mediated reaction to the purified protein derivative of tuberculin in the disposal of mycobacterium leprae from human skin. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a delayed-type cell-mediated immune response to mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen on the mycobacterium leprae load in the skin of leprosy patients. twelve patients with the lepromatous form of leprosy have been injected intradermally with 5 units of the purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd). ten individuals responded with areas of induration ranging from 12 to 21 mm in diameter, and two were unresponsive (less than 10 mm). twent ... | 1988 | 2969108 |
| genetic control of murine t cell proliferative responses to mycobacterium leprae. v. evidence for cross-reactivity between host antigens and mycobacterium leprae. | t cell proliferative responses to mycobacterium leprae were measured by immunization of mice at the base of the tail with ag and challenging lymphocytes from draining lymph nodes in culture with m. leprae. c57bl/10j and b10.br mice were identified as low responder mice and the congenic strains b10.m, b10.q, and b10.akm as high responders whereas f1 (high x low) hybrid mice were found to be low responders. the cellular basis of low responsiveness did not appear to result from a defect in ag-prese ... | 1988 | 2970509 |
| [leprous symmetric keratoderma palmaris et plantaris. apropos of 2 clinical cases]. | two cases of "keratoderma palmaris et plantaris symmetric leprous" are described, which rarely occur in the field of acrokeratosis, contracted by infection. | 1985 | 2977127 |
| [study on short-term clinical trial of r-77-3 [3-(4-cyclo-pentyl-l-piperazinyl) imino methyl rifamycin sv] by mouse foot-pad technique]. | 1988 | 2978259 | |
| human monoclonal antibodies to phenolic glycolipid-1 from leprosy patients cross react with poly(adp-ribose), polynucleotides and tissue bound antigens. | antibodies which bind to poly(adp-ribose) have been described in systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) and a variety of infectious diseases. two igm kappa human monoclonal antibodies (mabs), th3 and pr4, produced from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes of leprosy patients with the gm4672 lymphoblastoid cell line, were found to bind to poly(adp-ribose) in direct binding and inhibition elisas. significant inhibition of binding of these mabs to poly(adp-ribose) occurred with phenolic glycolipi ... | 1988 | 2979617 |
| the influence of immunosuppression and immunodeficiency on infections with leprosy and tuberculosis. | 1985 | 2987376 | |
| hydrogen peroxide and superoxide production by peripheral blood monocytes in leprosy. | susceptibility to infection with mycobacterium leprae, the causative organism of leprosy, is the result of a defect in cell-mediated immunity (cmi). the co-operation of macrophages and t lymphocytes is known to be essential for competent cmi response. in this study we have examined peripheral blood monocytes from a range of leprosy patients in an attempt to identify a possible defect in macrophage function. the ability of these cells to produce hydrogen peroxide and superoxide, two bactericidal ... | 1985 | 2988833 |
| human monoclonal antibodies against mycobacterium leprae. | human hybridomas were constructed which produce antibodies against three different extracts of mycobacterium leprae. a thioguanine-resistant (thgr), ouabain-resistant (ouar), human lymphoblastoid cell line, kr-4, was hybridized with epstein-barr virus-transformed cell lines from lepromatous leprosy patients with fusion frequencies of greater than 10(-5). non-epstein-barr virus-transformed donor cells fused at much lower rates (less than 2 x 10(-7]. hybrids were selected in medium containing hypo ... | 1985 | 2989177 |
| defective cell-mediated immunity in leprosy: failure of t cells from lepromatous leprosy patients to respond to mycobacterium leprae is associated with defective expression of interleukin 2 receptors and is not reconstituted by interleukin 2. | patients with lepromatous leprosy (ll) but not borderline tuberculoid leprosy (bt) have defective cell-mediated immune responses to mycobacterium leprae, despite normal responses to other stimuli, as judged by in vivo skin testing and in vitro lymphocyte transformation. to investigate the basis of the immune defect in ll patients, we studied the ability of patient mononuclear leukocytes to produce interleukin 1 (il 1) and interleukin 2 (il 2) upon stimulation with m. leprae, and determined the a ... | 1985 | 2989366 |
| activation of human monocytes in leprosy. | in leprosy, the common etiologic agent is the same mycobacterium leprae, but the clinical manifestations are various, including the tuberculoid and lepromatous types. in tuberculoid type leprosy, macrophages in the granuloma differentiate into epithelioid cells; in the lepromatous type, in contrast, they differentiate into lepra cells containing multiple m. leprae. thus host factors, which regulate macrophage activities, determine the type of leprosy. to understand such regulation of macrophage ... | 1985 | 2989662 |
| evidence for the activity of rifampin on the neuropathy of foot pad-inoculated mice with mycobacterium leprae. | 1985 | 2995517 | |
| epstein-barr virus-transformed b cell lines present m. leprae antigens to t cells. | we have investigated whether or not epstein-barr virus-transformed lymphoblastoid b cell lines (ebv-blcl) are able to present mycobacterium leprae (m. leprae) to antigen-reactive t cell lines and clones. such ebv-blcl would provide us with a homogeneous and unlimited source of antigen-presenting cells. antigen-triggered proliferation of t cells has been studied with co-cultures either with autologous or allogeneic irradiated ebv-blcl. our results show that ebv-blcl are able to present m. leprae ... | 1985 | 3001928 |
| mycobacterium leprae fails to stimulate phagocytic cell superoxide anion generation. | mycobacterium leprae is an intracellular pathogen that is ingested by and proliferates within cells of the monocyte/macrophage series. mechanisms by which intracellular pathogens resist destruction may involve failure to elicit a phagocyte "respiratory burst" or resistance to toxic oxygen derivatives and lysosomal enzymes. we have studied the ability of m. leprae and mycobacterium bovis bcg to stimulate the generation of superoxide anion (o2-) in vitro by human blood neutrophils and monocytes an ... | 1986 | 3002986 |
| ultrastructure of leprous phlebitis. | an ultrastructural study on vein biopsies from six lepromatous leprosy patients was carried out. the results showed that a) the lumen-lining bacillated cells were endothelial in origin due to the presence of specific weibel-palade endothelial cell granules; b) endothelial cells released mycobacterium leprae into the lumen by exophagocytosis; c) m. leprae were able to grow and multiply in the endothelial and smooth muscle cells; and d) smooth muscle cells did not show any evidence of reaction due ... | 1985 | 3003213 |
| respiration in mycobacterium leprae. | fairly pure leprosy bacilli were easily collected from nude mouse foot pad lepromas by the ficoll density gradient centrifugation and alkali treatment methods. the yield of bacilli available for biochemical study was 42.6%. the density of mycobacterium leprae was very heterogeneous. the percent of solid bacilli in the light bacilli fraction was 23%; that in the heavy bacilli fraction was 40%. the endogenous respiration activity in the heavy bacilli was greater than that in light bacilli. the ave ... | 1985 | 3003214 |
| genes for the protein antigens of the tuberculosis and leprosy bacilli. | the lambda gt 11 expression vector permitted us to survey protein antigens of mycobacterium leprae and mycobacterium tuberculosis expressed in escherichia coli. using monoclonal antibodies, recombinant clones were detected producing three major antigens of m. tuberculosis and five major protein antigens of m. leprae. these recombinant antigens produced in e. coli should prove useful for diagnosis, epidemiology and possibly the development of recombinant mycobacterial vaccines. | 1985 | 3006821 |
| adenylate kinase activity in mycobacterium leprae. | adenylate kinase (atp:amp phosphotransferase, ec 2.7.4.3) was detected in partially purified preparations of cell-free extracts of mycobacterium leprae. the apparent km values of m. leprae adenylate kinase for adp and mg2+ were 1 x 10(-4) m, respectively. the enzyme was heat-labile: loss of activity by 80% at 45 degrees c and over 90% at 60 degrees c occurred within 5 min. m. leprae adenylate kinase was distinct from armadillo adenylate kinase in respect of affinity for substrate and heat-sensit ... | 1986 | 3011966 |
| construction of genomic libraries of mycobacterial origin: identification of recombinants encoding mycobacterial-specific proteins. | a complete genomic library from mycobacterium vaccae (2785 recombinants) and a partial genomic library of m. leprae and bcg (300 and 1750 clones, respectively) were constructed in the plasmid pbr322. bam hi was selected as the restriction endonuclease for obtaining dna cleavage products. evidence was obtained for limited expression of the cloned mycobacterial dna inserts in escherichia coli. a recombinant has been identified which codes for antigen immunoreactive with rabbit anti-m. leprae antib ... | 1986 | 3018107 |
| cloning and expression of mycobacterium bovis bcg dna in "streptomyces lividans". | the ability of "streptomyces lividans" to use the expression signals of genes from mycobacterium bovis bcg was tested in vivo by using gene fusions. random dna fragments from m. bovis bcg were inserted into promoter-probe plasmids in escherichia coli and in "s. lividans." comparison with promoter activity detected with random dna fragments from the respective hosts suggested that "s. lividans" efficiently utilizes a high proportion of mycobacterial promoters, whereas a smaller fraction are expre ... | 1986 | 3020007 |
| t90/44 (9.3 antigen). a cell surface molecule with a function in human t cell activation. | t90/44 is a cell surface antigen which is present on human t cells of the helper and cytotoxic subsets and which binds the 9.3 monoclonal antibody (9.3 mab). it is expressed in the form of 90-kda disulfide-bonded dimers of a 44-kda polypeptide and of free 44-kda subunits. the function of t90/44 was investigated in a series of t cell function assays. 9.3 mab was found to inhibit the activation of class ii-restricted cloned t helper cells derived from leprosy patients and reactive with m. leprae a ... | 1986 | 3021470 |
| separation of mycobacterium leprae from contamination with armadillo-liver-derived "pigment" particles. | mycobacterium leprae isolated from armadillo liver by the widely used immlep protocol is sometimes contaminated with a particulate "pigment." this paper describes a simple, efficient, and rapid method for purifying large quantities of contaminated bacteria, which may readily be used as an additional step added at the end of the protocol when necessary. the process involves a discontinuous percoll gradient and generates an essentially pure fraction containing greater than 90% of the original bact ... | 1986 | 3029249 |
| rifabutin and rifapentine compared with rifampin against mycobacterium leprae in mice. | 1987 | 3032088 | |
| strategies in the development of new drugs and drug combinations against leprosy, demonstrated on the example of folate and gyrase inhibitors. | 1986 | 3033412 | |
| rifabutin (ansamycin lm 427): a new rifamycin-s derivative for the treatment of mycobacterial diseases. | rifabutin (ansamycin lm 427), a semisynthetic spiropiperidyl derivative of rifamycin s, shows good in vitro activity against most mycobacterial species, including mycobacterium avium complex. in animal models, the drug is more active against both mycobacterium tuberculosis and mycobacterium leprae than in rifampin, and studies indicate that rifabutin is active against some rifampin-resistant strains of both species. the drug has a long half-life (16 hr) in humans and a marked tissue tropism, wit ... | 1987 | 3037676 |
| a single cell assay for the study of gamma-interferon formation in leprosy patients. | the number of gamma-interferon producing cells in the peripheral blood of leprosy (ll and bt) patients and controls was studied by the reversed protein a plaque assay before and after exposure in vitro to mycobacterium leprae bacilli and epstein-barr virus (ebv). the level of spontaneous gamma-interferon production was significantly higher in bt patients compared to ll patients and controls. mycobacterium leprae induced a specific gamma-interferon response in lymphocytes from bt patients and fro ... | 1987 | 3040308 |
| serological tests in leprosy. the sensitivity, specificity and predictive value of elisa tests based on phenolic glycolipid antigens, and the implications for their use in epidemiological studies. | this paper examines the sensitivity and specificity of two elisa assays for igm antibodies to mycobacterium leprae, one employing natural phenolic glycolipid and the other employing a synthetic disaccharide glycoconjugate as antigen. estimates of sensitivity and specificity are derived, based on a panel of sera from leprosy cases in malawi and various non-leprosy controls from the uk. though both assays were able to identify a high proportion of multibacillary patients, neither was able to detec ... | 1988 | 3042436 |
| influence of in vitro administered immune complexes on serum levels of complement and circulating immune complexes in mycobacterium leprae infected mice. | 1988 | 3042618 | |
| seroepidemiological studies of leprosy in northern malawi based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using synthetic glycoconjugate antigen. | a total of 6002 blood samples from total population samples in four separate areas within karonga district, northern malawi, were tested for anti-mycobacterium leprae antibody using an elisa based on synthetic glycoconjugate antigen. results are presented using different criteria for seropositivity. regardless of the criterion used, the proportion of individuals classified as "positive" rose to a peak at 20-30 years of age and then fell, and it was higher at all ages in females than in males. th ... | 1988 | 3045222 |
| activity of ofloxacin against mycobacterium leprae in the mouse. | mice inoculated with 4800 mycobacterium leprae in the left hind foot pad were treated from day 62 to day 150 after infection with 50 mg or 150 mg of ofloxacin per kg body weight, 150 mg pefloxacin per kg, or 50 mg prothionamide per kg. these drugs were administered by esophageal cannula 5 days weekly with dapsone (0.01 g per 100 g diet). multiplication of m. leprae in the treated and in untreated control mice was assessed by monthly harvests. the treatment of mice with the smaller dosage ofloxac ... | 1988 | 3045223 |
| identification of t-cell-activating recombinant antigens shared among three candidate antileprosy vaccines, killed m. leprae, m. bovis bcg, and mycobacterium w. | antigenic crossreactivity among three candidate antileprosy vaccines, killed mycobacterium leprae, bcg, and mycobacterium w, was studied using t-cell lines and clones raised from bcg- and killed-m. leprae-vaccinated subjects. to identify the crossreactive antigens, the t-cell lines and clones were tested against escherichia coli lysates containing 65-, 36-, 28-, 18-, and 14-kilodalton (kda) and 13b3 m. leprae antigens and 65-, 19-, and 12-kda m. tuberculosis antigens. the short-term t-cell lines ... | 1988 | 3045224 |
| partial characterization of antigens from m. leprae evoking igg and igm antibodies in armadillos. | armadillo igg and igm antibody responses to mycobacterium leprae were analyzed using isotypic-specific antisera by means of immunoblotting. blots developed for igg antibodies to m. leprae showed multiple protein antigens (mr = 12-90 k) in some heavily infected armadillos. in contrast, blots developed for igm antibodies to m. leprae showed a single, broad, diffuse band of immunoreactivity at approximately 33 kda. the 33-kda immunogen was detectable with silver stain modified for carbohydrate reac ... | 1988 | 3045225 |
| histologic responses in sixty multibacillary leprosy patients inoculated with autoclaved mycobacterium leprae and live bcg. | sixty lepromatous or borderline lepromatous patients were submitted to immunotherapy with a mixture of autoclaved mycobacterium leprae and bcg. the histopathologic findings in skin biopsy specimens taken before and after immunotherapy were evaluated independently by six histopathologists in a workshop setting. their pooled observations on diagnosis and classification were analyzed to assess the histopathologic changes following various periods of immunotherapy. expressing the results as the aver ... | 1988 | 3045226 |
| leprosy vaccine--a reappraisal. | 1988 | 3045227 | |
| leprosy: the immunologist and the patient. | 1988 | 3045228 | |
| dapsone susceptibility of mycobacterium leprae isolated before 1977. | 1988 | 3045229 | |
| [current thoughts on the immunology of leprosy]. | 1988 | 3045919 | |
| presence of mycobacterium leprae-reactive lymphocytes in lymph nodes of lepromatous leprosy patients. | a critical problem in leprosy is the relative deficiency of antigen-specific t cell-mediated immunity. we were successful in detecting a significant response to viable m. leprae in mononuclear cells isolated from the lymph nodes of lepromatous leprosy patients in contrast to the apparent m. leprae-specific energy seen in the peripheral blood. this observation suggests that antigen-reactive lymphocytes are generated in the lymph nodes of lepromatous patients but the inability to detect them in th ... | 1988 | 3045948 |
| [histopathological and ultrastructural study of a case of leproma involving the entire cornea]. | 1988 | 3046262 | |
| leprosy in six isolated residents of northern louisiana. time-clustered cases in an essentially nonendemic area. | northern louisiana has been essentially free of indigenous leprosy, and now it is not. six new cases of leprosy have been diagnosed: three in 1986, the other three in 1985, 1983, and 1982, respectively. the patients had been lifelong residents of six scattered rural parishes. leprosy had never been reported from five of them. no patient had had contact with human leprosy. the patients were white; four were women; the mean +/- sd age at onset was 60.3 +/- 16.4 years (age range, 31 to 80 years); a ... | 1988 | 3046539 |
| infectivity of secondary dapsone-resistant cases. | the incidence rate of leprosy among 517 household contacts of 113 cases of secondary dapsone resistance with 5074 person years at risk were studied. the incidence rate of leprosy was 4.3 per 1000 person years at risk, which is very similar to the incidence rate (4.8) among household contacts of lepromatous cases. two, possibly three, cases of primary dapsone resistance were detected among the 27 contacts who developed multibacillary leprosy. there was no evidence of dapsone resistance among 48 p ... | 1988 | 3047282 |
| armadillo igg and igm antibody responses to phenolic glycolipid-i during experimental infection with m. leprae. | the kinetics of antibody responses of mycobacterium leprae-infected armadillos to phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i) were studied by means of elisa. the levels of both igg and igm antibodies to pgl-i increased with time. some animals were less susceptible to disseminations of m. leprae infection and lived longer than others. these animals had high absorbance values (greater than 0.7) for igg anti-pgl-i compared to more susceptible armadillos that had lower absorbance values for igg anti-pgl-i. | 1988 | 3047283 |
| histopathological changes in the eyes of mangabey monkeys with lepromatous leprosy. | leprosy is the third leading cause of preventable blindness; however, little is known about the spread of infection to the eye. we have studied the eyes of three sooty managabey monkeys. two were experimentally infected with mycobacterium leprae; the third was not infected. in one of the infected animals there was histopathological evidence of lepromatous leprosy as evidenced by a chronic inflammatory infiltrate at the limbus, and detection of acid-fast bacilli in the corneal stroma, blood vesse ... | 1988 | 3047285 |
| studies of a common idiotype pr4 in autoimmune rheumatic disease. | a new common idiotype, designated pr4, is described. this idiotype was originally identified on a human hybridoma-derived monoclonal antibody from a patient with leprosy, which binds the major mycobacterium leprae-derived antigen, phenolic glycolipid-1, poly(adp)-ribose, dna, and poly(dt). the pr4 idiotype was found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (sle) (70%), rheumatoid arthritis (40%), and sjögren's syndrome (15%). it was not, however, found in the spouses of the sle patients or ... | 1988 | 3048272 |
| size and homology of the genomes of leprosy-derived corynebacteria, mycobacterium leprae, and other corynebacteria and mycobacteria. | the genomes of mycobacterium leprae and leprosy-derived corynebacteria (ldc), which have a similar base composition of guanine + cytosine 56 mol %, have been compared with those of reference bacteria of the cmn group (genera corynebacterium, mycobacterium, nocardia). genome sizes of three ldc strains were (1.2-2.5) x 10(6) base pairs. dna from four of seven ldc strains examined had homology levels greater than 60%. two other strains had a homology of 40% when compared with the cmn strains and on ... | 1988 | 3050108 |
| leprosy as a zoonosis: an update. | naturally-acquired leprosy has been reported in nine-banded armadillos captured in the southern united states, a chimpanzee from sierra leone, and in two "sooty" mangabey monkeys from nigeria. a significant prevalence of leprosy in wild armadillos establishes this animal as a reservoir of m. leprae, and exposure to armadillos has been implicated as a source of leprosy in humans. current evidence suggests that leprosy is a zoonosis in certain nonhuman primate species. control and eradication prog ... | 1988 | 3051854 |
| in vitro interaction of m. leprae-infected schwann cells and splenic cells. | the interaction between m. leprae-infected cultured schwann cells and sensitized splenic cells was noted both under light and electron microscopy. no evidence of cytomorphological changes in infected schwann cells was obtained. however, sensitized splenic cells were noted to undergo degenerative changes suggestive of the phenomenon of apoptosis. subsequently a large number of these degenerated cells were observed within the schwann cell. such a process has not been hitherto reported in the histo ... | 1988 | 3051867 |
| the nature and kinetics of a delayed immune response to purified protein derivative of tuberculin in the skin of lepromatous leprosy patients. | we have analyzed the nature and kinetics of a delayed, cell-mediated immune response to a purified protein derivative of tuberculin (ppd) in the skin of 154 naturally sensitized patients with lepromatous leprosy. after the intradermal injection of 5 u of ppd, biopsies were taken at 1-21 d and studied for the composition, extent, persistence, and organization of the emigratory cell response by light and electron microscopy. induration of positive sites occurred promptly, reached a maximum diamete ... | 1988 | 3053962 |
| isolation, purification and quantification of phenolic glycolipid-1 from human leprosy skin tissues. | phenolic glycolipid-i, a marker lipid of mycobacterium leprae, was isolated from skin biopsies obtained from untreated lepromatous leprosy patients by silicic acid and florisil column chromatography and purified by thin layer chromatography. tissues with varying bacillary loads were analysed for their phenolic glycolipid content. a good correlation was observed between the bacillary population of the tissues and the phenolic glycolipid content. | 1988 | 3055463 |
| structure-activity relationships of selected phenazines against mycobacterium leprae in vitro. | structure-activity relationships of phenazines against mycobacterium leprae were investigated by using an in vitro radiorespirometric assay. in general, activity in ascending order was observed in compounds containing no chlorine atoms, a monochlorinated phenazine nucleus, and chlorines in the para positions of both the anilino and phenyl rings. the most active compounds contained a 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine substitution at the imino nitrogen. most of these chlorinated phenazines were consid ... | 1988 | 3056241 |
| the control of infective skin diseases--the lessons of leprosy research. | 1988 | 3056496 | |
| polyspecificity of human monoclonal antibodies reactive with mycobacterium leprae, mitochondria, ssdna, cytoskeletal proteins, and the acetylcholine receptor. | the origin of autoantibodies against ubiquitous autoantigens (e.g., single-stranded (ss) dna, cytoskeletal proteins, mitochondria) is obscure. patients with lepromatous leprosy have many such autoantibodies in their serum. in order to study the polyspecificities of human autoantibodies expressed during infection with mycobacterium leprae we prepared human monoclonal antibodies derived from the fusion of peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with lepromatous leprosy to the human lymphoblastoi ... | 1988 | 3056642 |
| the use of a 'universal' yeast expression vector to produce an antigenic protein of mycobacterium leprae. | this report describes the use of a recombinant yeast expression vector to synthesize and secrete the mycobacterium leprae 18 kda antigenic protein. the protein is secreted with a short hydrophilic 'flag' octapeptide fused to its amino-terminus. the fusion protein can be purified directly from yeast culture supernatant through an anti-flag antibody affinity column and the flag octapeptide removed using enterokinase. the method provides a simple and rapid means of obtaining recombinant 18 kda anti ... | 1988 | 3056856 |
| a protein antigen of mycobacterium leprae is related to a family of small heat shock proteins. | the gene encoding an immunologically important 18-kilodalton protein antigen of mycobacterium leprae has been sequenced, and the amino acid sequence of the antigen has been deduced. the 18-kilodalton antigen is strikingly similar in size and sequence to a family of eucaryotic heat shock proteins. | 1988 | 3056923 |
| evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay based on sonicate supernatant antigens of mycobacterium w for immunodiagnosis of leprosy. | an enzyme immunoassay (eia) based on sonicate supernatant antigens of a cultivable, atypical bacterium, mycobacterium w (m. w), for immunodiagnosis of leprosy is described. m. w was selected after screening of sonicate supernatant antigens of seven cultivable mycobacteria in eia. the results of the assay were compared with that of eia using phenolic glycolipid-i (pgl-i). the m. w assay was more sensitive than pgl-i based eia, for detection of leprosy patients of all categories, including long te ... | 1988 | 3057081 |
| involvement of palate and cheek in leprosy. | 22 cases of bacillary positive leprosy with no apparent lesion in the oral cavity, soft or hard palate were studied for any evidence of pathological involvement. granulomata were present in 11 (65%) out of 17 cheek biopsies studied. m. leprae were identified in four specimens only. 9 specimens (64%) out of 14 palate biopsies showed definite granulomata. m. leprae were seen in six specimens. | 1988 | 3057083 |
| d-alanine and catalase in mycobacterium leprae. | 1988 | 3057085 | |
| [reproduction of experimental leprous infection in mice with a preliminary modelling of failure of the mononuclear phagocyte system]. | cba mice with induced insufficiency of mononuclear phagocyte system (mnps) were inoculated intraplantar with m. leprae in a dose of 1 x 10(4). a significantly accelerated multiplication of m. leprae was noted in the sites of inoculation with the development of a generalized infections process and appearance in 6 months after inoculation of lepromatous structures in spleen, liver and other internal organs as compared with the animals with unchanged mnps. the data obtained suggest that insufficien ... | 1988 | 3058225 |
| [growth of human leprosy bacilli in the foot-pad of mice]. | 1988 | 3058272 | |
| leprosy. | leprosy affects over 10 million people in the world. the disease is a model of graded cell-mediated immunity, in this case to the causative organism, mycobacterium leprae. the clinical manifestations are due to (i) bacterial progression, (ii) immunologic responses of the host, (iii) peripheral nerve damage due to either or both bacterial progression and immunologic responses of the host, and (iv) preventable secondary deformities following nerve damage, which account for most of the stigma of th ... | 1988 | 3058299 |