Publications

levansucrase of bacillus subtilis : reexamination of some physical and chemical properties.	to give some support to researchs presently in progress in this institute, on the sequence elucidation and the x-ray pattern of the levansucrase of b. subtilis, some physical and chemical properties of this enzyme were carefully reexaminated. the results explicit and on some points rectify previous reports from this laboratory. the molecular weight was measured by three different methods: sedimentation equilibrium, sds-gel electrophoresis, gel filtration. they give an average value of 54000 g. f ...	1975	807261
ultraviolet sensitivity and photoproducts in spore-like bodies of an excision-repair-deficient and dipicolinic-acid-less strain of bacillus subtilis.	bacillus subtilis strain uvs-42dpa is defective in both excision-repair capability and dipicolonic acid(dpa)accumulation. in sporulation medium, it forms spore-like bodies, which are sensitive to ultraviolet light (uv) as the vegetative cells and produce mostly cyclobutane dimers instead of "spore photoproduct" upon uv irradiation. the results suggest that the drastic change in the photochemical reactivity of dna during sporulation might be induced and(or) maintained by the accumulation of dpa ...	1975	807309
synthesis in vitro of phi29-specific early proteins directed by phage dna.	the rna and proteins synthesized in an escherichia coli cell-free system of protein synthesis directed by bacillus subtilis phage phi29 dna were studied. hybridization-competition experiments showed that most of the rna species synthesized in vitro are early rnas. many of the early proteins induced after phage infection were also synthesized in the e. coli cell-free system. none of the late proteins, structural or non-structural, were synthesized in the system in vitro.	1975	807475
interactions of heteroaromatic compounds with nucleic acids. 1. the influence of heteroatoms and polarizability on the base specificity of intercalating ligands.	we have examined the origins of base specificity in intercalating ligands by studying the interaction with dna of a series of proflavine and acridine orange analogs differing in the heteroatoms present in the chromophore. base specificity was determined by differential dialysis of the dye against dna samples of differing g-c content. we find that g-c specificity increases as the visible absorbance band of the chromophore moves to longer wavelength, implying a relation between specificity and pol ...	1975	807478
lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from actinoplanes. ii. isolation, chemical, biological and biochemical characterization.	lipiarmycin, a metabolite of actinoplanes deccanensis nov. sp. (parenti et al.), has been isolated in pure form. it has a molecular formula c52 congruent to 54h74 congruent to 76cl2o19, (m.w. = 1,073 congruent to 1,099). from its chemical and physico-chemical characteristics, lipiarmycin can be considered a new antibiotic. lipiarmycin is highly active against gram-positive bacteria, including strains resistant to the medically important antibiotics and protects mice experimentally infected wi ...	1975	807545
metabolic products of microorganisms 142. a new antibiotic derinamycin, inhibitor of dna and rna synthesis.	derinamycin was isolated from the myecelium of streptomyces venezuelae tü 1102 and its molecular formula was tentatively assigned as c51h93no23. the antibiotic inhibits the growth of fungi, gram-positive bacteria and certain gram-negative bacteria but is less acitve against yeasts. a study of derinamycin action on the macromolecular synthesis of intact bacillus subtilis revealed that the antibiotic suppressed dna and rna syntheses but that protein synthesis was less affected. derinamycin exer ...	1975	807546
synthesis and antibacterial activity of 6'-n-alkyl derivatives of 1-n-[(s)-4-amino-2-hydroxybutyryl]-kanamycin.		1975	807548
naphthyridinomycin, a new broad-spectrum antibiotic.	a new antibiotic, naphthyridinomycin, was isolated in crystalline form from the culture filtrate of streptomyces lusitanus ay b-1026. the antibiotic is active against a large number of both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and inactive against candida albicans, trichophyton granulosum and microsporum gypseum. the antibiotic is toxic in mice.	1975	807549
lipiarmycin, a new antibiotic from actinoplanes iii. mechanism of action.	in vivo, at low concentrations (less than or equal to 1 mug/ml), the antibiotic lipiarmycin specifically inhibits rna synthesis in bacillus subtilis. at a much higher concentration (100 mug/ml), syntheses of other macromolecules such as dna and protein also appear to be suppressed. in vitro, the antibiotic caused 50% inhibition of dna-dependent rna-polymerase from b. subtilis at a concentration of 0.6 mug/ml and of that e. coli at 5 approximately 8 mug/ml. the activity of escherichia coli dna-po ...	1975	807550
genetic mapping of sporulation operons in bacillus subtilis using a thermosensitive sporulation mutant.	a thermosensitive sporulation mutant was used to determine the order of sporulation operonsin the urs region of the bacillus subtilis chromosome. data from three-factor transformation crosses and three- and four-factor transduction crosses established the order metc-spo-96(spoii)-spo-85(spov)-spo-279(spoii)-fura-ura-cysc-spo-ng1.67(spoiii). previously, fura was thought to lie to the right of ura and cysc to the left (dubnau, 1970; young and wilson, 1972).	1975	807553
rifampin resistance mutation of bacillus subtilis altering the electrophoretic mobility of the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase.	the rifampin-resistance mutation of ls3,an asporogenous mutant of bacillus subtilis 3610, leads to altered mobility of the beta subunit of ribonucleic acid polymerase in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. this finding argues that the rifampin-resistance mutation is located in the structural gene coding for the beta polypeptide.	1975	807557
facilitated transport of calcium by cells and subcellular membranes of bacillus subtilis and escherichia coli.	the level of calcium in growing cells is lower than that in the growth medium. non-energy-dependent uptake of 45-ca by log-phase cells of bacillus subtilis occurs under two conditions: at 0 c or in the presence of m-chlorophenyl carbonylcyanide hydrazone. similar uptake, but quantitatively less, occurs with escherichia coli cells under the same conditions. membrane vesicles prepared from b. subtilis or e. coli accumulate 45-ca by a process that does not depend on added energy sources and is not ...	1975	807559
evidence for the translocation of a chromosome sement in bacillus subtilis strains carrying the trpe26 mutation.	the replication order of markers was studied in bacillus subtilis strains bearing the trpe26 mutation by the use of the density transfer technique. an important difference in this order was observed in comparison with that of strain 168 t-. all markers tested of a chromosome segment extending from trpd to ilva replicated early, after purb6 and before thr-5. two markers flanking this region, trpe8 and citk7, replicated late as usual. the results suggested that this segment was shifted in trpe26 s ...	1975	807560
transformation of bacillus subtilis: transforming ability of deoxyribonucleic acid in lysates of l-forms or protoplasts.	the transformation of bacillus subtilis by homologous deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) made available by gently lysing a stable l-form or protoplast suspension was 3 to 10-fold more efficient than dna isolated by conventional procedures. this increased transformation was not influenced by digestion with pronase, trypsin, or ribonuclease. preincubation of isolated dna with l-form lysates did not increase the transformation efficiency above that achieved with untreated, isolated dna. in addition to dis ...	1975	807561
systematic difference in the methylation of ribosomal ribonucleic acid from gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.	a survey of gram-positive and gram-negative organisms was performed to compare the distributionof n6-methylated adenine. it was found that (i) all the gram-positive strains tested, staphylococcus aureus, sarcina lutea, bacillus stearothermophilus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus megaterium, contain neither n6-monomethyl adenine (m6a) nor n6-dimethyladenine (m26a) in 23s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rrna). in the case of s. aureus and streptococcus pyogenes, strains which are clinically resistant ...	1975	807565
interference with alpha-antitrypsin studues in stored serum by presumed bacterial proteases.	contamination of werum by certain gram-negative bacteria has been shown to spoil the serum for measurement of trypsin inhibitory capacity (stic) or for antitrypsin phenotyping. such sera develop intense fibrinolytic activity when the stic has dropped to itsminimal level, but antitrypsin concentration as measured by radial immunodiffusion remainsconstant. cultures of enterobacter, klebsiella, bacillus subtilis, and pseudomonas species were shown to have this capability, but production of the fi ...	1975	807660
thymineless death in bacillus subtilis.	a study has been made of the intracellular changes occurring during thymineless death in bacillus subtilis 2337. the kinetics of death were paralleled by the rate of breakdown of dna. during thymineless death single-strand breaks accumulated within dna, breakdown of approximately 13% of the dna to acid-soluble material occurred, deoxyribonuclease levels rose sharply, and yet double-strand breaks did not occur in the dna. on restoration of thymine, however, double-strand breaks accumulated, thoug ...	1975	807675
properties of some norvaline-resistant mutants of bacillus subtilis.	dl-norvaline inhibits growth of wild-type bacillus subtilis. a number of mutants resistant to growth inhibition by this analogue were isolated and studied. cross-feeding experiments and paper chromatography of culture supernatants indicated that the mutants excreted leucine and possibly valine and glutamate. enzymic analysis indicated that the mutants were derepressed for acetohydroxy-acid synthetase and alpha-isopropylmalate synthetase; however, no derepression of threonine deaminase, dihydroxy ...	1975	807681
two antimicrobial alkaloids from heartwood of liriodendron tulipifera l.	alcoholic extracts of the heartwood of liriodendron tulipifera have demonstrated antimicrobial activity against staphylococcus aureus, mycobacterium smegmatis, candida albicans, and aspergillus niger. the antimicrobial activity was associated only with the alkaloidal fraction. separation of the active alkaloidal fraction by chromatography led to the isolation and identification of dehydroglaucine and liriodenine as the active components. several other alkaloidal derivatives were prepared and tes ...	1975	807704
synthesis and antibacterial and antifungal activities of 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene polyhalophenoxyacethydrazides viii.	fifteen 5-nitro-2-furfurylidene phenoxyacethydrazides were synthesized, and the antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compounds prepared were determined against different microorganisms. the o-methoxy derivative was found to be the most active compound.	1975	807705
microbiological diffusion assay ii: design and applications.	application of new equipment and new techniques was made to antibiotic diffusion assays. accumulation of data and computation of potencies were made by an on-line computer. the system was tested by assaying cephalexin with the aid of bacillus subtilis in an fda single-dose design modified by reducing the number of standards to two. the influence of the thickness of the base layer and the form of the dose-response line were tested. zone diameter was measured with a resolution of 0.01 mm. the pote ...	1975	807708
synthesis, spectral properties, and antibacterial activity of synthetic precursors of macrocyclic oxa- and thia-substituted benzolactones and benzoketones.	terminally difunctional compounds were synthesized by alkylation of salicylic acid, thiosalicylic acid (o-mercaptobenzoic acid), or their derivatives. whereas methyl salicylate and thiosalicylic acid were smoothly etherified, salicylic acid was alkylated at the carboxyl. characteristic ir and nmr spectral patterns in the synthesized compounds can be attributed to intramolecular hydrogen bonding or substituent effects and are consistent with observations already reported for similar compounds. th ...	1975	807709
chemical and pharmacological investigations of constituents of eleutherine bulbosa (miller) urb. (iridaceae).	eleutherin and eleutherol extracted from bulbs of eleutherine bulbosa (miller) urb. (iridaceae), collected in the amazonian jungle and grown in italy, were tested for biological properties. the extraction procedure and the results of antibacterial, cytotoxicity, and pharmacological assays are reported. eleutherin has a weak and transient effect of decreasing the prothrombin time (in vivo in rats) and a weak antibacterial activity on bacillus subtilis (in vitro).	1975	807711
changes in the electrophoretic mobility of antigen-stimulated macrophages.		1975	807726
n-glycosidase activity in extracts of bacillus subtilis and its inhibition after infection with bacteriophage pbs2.	we have detected in crude extracts of bacillus subtilis an n-glycosidase activity which catalyzes the release of free uracil from dna of the subtilis phage pbs2 labeled with [3h]uridine. this dna contains deoxyuridine instead of thymidine. the enzyme is active in the presence of 1.0 mm edta and under these conditions escherichia coli or t7 dna labeled with [3h]thymidine is not degraded to labeled acid-soluble products. the activity resembles an n-glycosidase from e. coli which releases free urac ...	1975	807745
in vitro modification and restriction of phage phi-105c dna with bacillus subtilis n cell-free extract.	the enzymes involved in host-controlled modification and restriction by bacillus subtilis strain n were detected in cell free extracts. in the presenct of mg2+ the n-specific endonucleases cleaved unmodified dna but did not attack phi-105c. n dna carrying n-specific modification. the restriction endonuclease required neither sam nor atp for its activity. the n-specific modification enzyme was active only in the presence of sam, indicating that modification in this syteem is a methylation of dna.	1975	807794
ribosomal proteins of bacillus subtilis vegetative and sporulating cells.	the ribosomal subunit proteins(30s and 50 s) from vegetative and sporulating cells of bacillus subtilis 168m were analyzed by two dimensional acrylamide gel electrophoresis. twenty two proteins were identified in the 30s subunits and 28 proteins are detectable in the 50s subunits. the number of proteins and their electrophoretic mobility seem to remain unaltered during the sporualtion process. the ribosomal proteins of a thermosensitive sporulation mutant (ts-4), isolated from stationary phas ...	1975	807795
uptake of bacterial dna by chlamydomonas reinhardi.	escherichia coli [3h]dna supplied to vegetative cultures of wild-type (mt+) and cw15 (mt+;mutant lacking the cell wall) chlamydomonas reinhardi could bind to the cell wall of the wild-type and to the cell membrane of cw15 mutant cells. the extent of this binding decreased with time and was to a large degree (over 90%) dna-ase-sensitive. nevertheless, about 0.01% of the bacterial dna remained irreversibly associated with the cells when they reached stationary phase. the irreversible binding of th ...	1975	807841
[fluorescence bacterioscopy, a direct method for bacteriological food analysis].	the present bacteriological method which is intended for the simultaneous direct detection of live and dead germs in foods, offers certain difficulties in differentiating between bacterial cells and food consituents of similar forms. furthermore, gram-negative germs are not disclosed. to overcome these difficulties, the authors performed comparative model experiments with gram's stain and the fluorescence method, including pure cultures and foods of animal and vegetable origin. among the fluoroc ...	1975	807849
chairside decontamination of endodontic files.	chairside decontamination. of files and reamers is attempted during root canal treatment. the purpose of this study was to evaluate some techniques for reducing the number of microorganisms of artificially contaminated endodontic files. endodontic files were artificially contaminated with about 10,000 colony-forming units of either b. subtilis spores or s. mitis. the files containing the bacteria were then subjected to various decontamination procedures. although sterilization was not achieved w ...	1975	807897
biosynthetic pathway of ribothymidine in b. subtilis and m. lysodeikticus involving different coenzymes for transfer rna and ribosomal rna.	ribothymidine (m5u) in trnas of m. lysodeikticus is not derived from methionine. the results indicate that as in trnas of b. subtilis a tetrahydrofolate derivative is involved in the formation of m5u, whereas methionine serves as precursor in the biosynthesis of m7g, m1a and m6a. ribothymidine also occurs in 23s rrna of b. subtilis and m. lysodeikticus. approximately 2-3 moles of m5u residues were found per mole of 23s rrna. in contrast to m5u residues present in trnas of b. subtilis and m. lyso ...	1975	807911
synthesis and antimicrobial activity of some new derivatives of 2,4-dioxo-1.2.3.4-tetrahydroquinazoline (benzoyleneurea).		1975	807922
microflora and invert sugars in juice from healthy tissue of stored sugarbeets.	bacterial populations increased in juice of healthy tissue of sugarbeet roots stored at 5 c. average counts showed a sixfold increase after 150 days of storage. invert sugar levels increased over threefold in "american 4 hybrid a" and remained fairly constant in "mono-hy d-2." the former cultivar also had significantly higher bacterial colony counts than the latter before 90 days of storage. of 36 isolates identified, 16 were pseudomonas spp. including p. chlororaphis; 6 bacillus spp. including ...	1975	808167
the teichuronic acid of cell walls of bacillus subtilis w23 grown in a chemostat under phosphate limitation.	cell walls of bacillus subtilis w23 contain teichuronic acid when grown in a chemostat under phosphate limitation at a low dilution rate, but teichoic acid at a higher dilution rate. the teichuronic acid was purified and shown to be a polymer of glucuronic acid and n-acetylgalactosamine.	1975	808222
streptovirudins, new antibiotics with antibacterial and antiviral activity. ii. isolation, chemical characterization and biological activity of streptovirudins a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, and d2.	streptovirudin is a complex of antibiotics isolated from fermentation of a streptomyces strain. eight components have been isolated as pure substances, designated as streptovirudins a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, c2, d1, and d2. the streptovirudins are chemically and biologically related to each other and appear to be a new family of antibiotics exhibiting activity against a variety of gram-positive bacteria, mycobacteria, and various dna- and rna-viruses. according to their physico-chemical properties ...	1975	808522
antraformin, a new inhibitor of bacillus subtilis transformation.	a convenient method was worked out which discriminates between inhibitory activity of compounds against bacillus subtilis transformation and their antibacterial or growth inhibition activity. by this assay system, several drugs and antibiotics were tested and some of them were found to be more inhibitory to transformation than to bacterial growth. this method was further applied to look for specific inhibitors among culture broths of streptomyces, and during this screening program, streptomyces ...	1975	808524
bacillus subtilis gsy 1057 assay for aflatoxin b activation by rainbow trout (salmo gairdneri).	a rapid and sensitive microbial assay was developed to detect lethal products of aflatoxin b metabolism by rainbow trout (salmon gairdneri) mt. shasta strain. bacillus subtilis gsy 1057 (hisa1, uvr-1, metb4), a dna repair deficient strain, was incubated for 20 min in the 20,000 times g supernate from trout liver homogenates which had been preincubated for 10 min with various levels of aflatoxin b. serial dilutions of the incubation mixture were plated in triplicate on tryptose blood agar base p ...	1975	808527
collaborative study of a microbiological assay for lasalocid sodium in feeds.	the microbiological cylinder plate assay method for lasalocid sodium reported earlier was studied in a slightly modified form by 7 laboratories. assay values paralleled recovery values and all data were corrected by the corresponding daily recovery factor for the feed type. agreement between laboratories for mashes and pellets containing 0.0064, 0.0080, and 0.0096% lasalocid sodium was satisfactory. coefficients of variation for mashes were 14.6, 9.8, and 10.7% and for pellets, 15,2, 10.9, and 1 ...	1975	808528
control of chromosome replication in thymine-requiring strains of bacillus subtilis 168.	study of the replication pattern of a number of b. subtilis 168 strains under controlled physiological conditions revealed great interstrain variation in control of replication. replication patterns were calculated from ratios of pura16/leu-8 and pura16/metb5 transformation frequency. the thymine-independent strains are under strict regulation with an average of one replication position per chromosome during log phase. after starvation for required amino acids or sporulation, the chromosome is i ...	1975	808530
mode of cell wall synthesis in gram-positive bacilli.	ultrastructural experiments on plasmolyzed cells suggested that the information for the position and orderly synthesis of septa is not determined by the attachment of cell membrane to previously formed wall. these experiments, in conjunction with others on cells disrupted by the freeze-fracture technique, are most consistent with wall growth over the entire surface of the rods, with wall material gradually moving from a position next to the cell membrane to a position at the outer surface of the ...	1975	808531
anucleate cell production and surface extension in a temperature-sensitive chromosome initiation mutant of bacillus subtilis.	at 45 c, in a temperature-sensitive initiation mutant (tsb134) of bacillus subtilis 168 thy- tryp-, growing in a glucose-arginine minimal medium, chromosome completion occurred over a period of 80 to 90 min, after which there was no further nuclear division. normal symmetrical cell divisions continued for a generation afterwards, so that nuclei were segregated into separate cells. during this period asymmetric divisions started to occur. septa appeared at 25 to 30% from one end of the cell, givi ...	1975	808534
apparent inactivation of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase in sporulating bacillus subtilis is an artifact of in vitro proteolysis.	the intracellular levels of inosine 5'-monophosphate dehydrogenase were found to decline very slowly during stationary phase in bacillus subtilis when adequate precautions were taken to prevent proteolysis after cell rupture.	1975	808535
receptors for chemotaxis in bacillus subtilis.	at least three receptors for chemotaxis toward l-amino acids in bacillus subtilis could be found with the aid of taxis competition experiments. they are called the asparagine receptor, which detects asparagine and glutamine, the isoleucine receptor, which detects isoleucine, leucine, valine, phenylalanine, serine, threonine, cysteine, and methionine, and the alanine receptor, which detects alanine and proline. histidine and glycine could not be assigned to one of these receptors. cysteine and me ...	1975	808536
permanent loss of chromosome initiation in toluene-treated bacillus subtilis cells.	initiation of deoxyribonucleic acid replication is absent in bacillus subtilis cells made permeable by toluene. the absence of initiation may be (i) a temporary removal of toluene, or (ii) irreversibly lost due to damage by toluene treatment to a cellular structure or a process required for chromosome initiation. washed cells, previously treated with toluene and subsequently washed free of detectable amounts of toluene, have the same characteristics of toluene-treated cells in which toluene is n ...	1975	808538
substrate concentration dependence of the rate of maltose hydrolysis by saccharifying alpha-amylase from b. subtilis.	1. the action of saccharifying alpha-amylase from b. subtilis [ec 3.2.1.1] on eq- (the equilibrium mixture of alpha- and beta-forms) and beta-maltose was studied at ph 5.4 and 25 degrees. 2. the plots of initial velocity versus substrate concentration showed remarkable sigmoidal curves for both substrates. 3. the value of hill's coefficient for eq- and beta-maltose were determined to be 3.3 and 3.8, respectively.	1975	808539
the formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins.	a method was developed which permitted determination of the [14c]benzylpenicillin and [14c]cephapirin binding capacity of rapidly growing bacillus subtilis cells in liquid culture. over the concentration range of the binding plateau (0.1 to 0.8 mug/ml), [14c]benzylpenicillin significantly inhibited formation of functional penicillin-binding proteins, but had comparatively little effect on total bacterial protein synthesis. the data suggest that penicillin covalently bound to the cells in a chemi ...	1975	808545
predictability of blood levels of gentamicin in man.	data from 42 patients were analyzed to determine the predictability of the peak serum level and the t1/2 of gentamicin on the bases of age, sex, body weight, serum concentration of creatinine, and blood hematocrit. renal function was normal in 21 patients and impaired in 21. the most striking finding was the relatively poor predictability of t1/2 of gentamicin from serum concentration of creatinine. the overall correlation coefficient was 0.749 (p less than 0.001) in contrast to values of greate ...	1975	808583
inactivation of bacterial cells by cyclotron beam.		1975	808603
chemistry of cephalosporin antibiotics. 28. preparation and biological activity of 3-(substituted)vinyl cephalosporins.	3-(substituted)vinylcephem nuclei have been prepared by the reaction of 3-formylcephem derivatives with stabilized phosphoranes. appropriate synthetic steps allowed preparation of a series of 3-ethoxycarbonylvinyl- and 3-carboxyvinylcephem derivatives bearing a variety of 7-acylamino functions. the phenoxyacetyl and thiopheneacetyl derivatives of the 3-cyanovinylcephem nucleus were also prepared. although general gram-positive activity was comparable to cephalothin in many cases, against penicil ...	1975	808607
aromatic esters of 5-o-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime.	several substituted aromatic esters of the c-3 hydroxyl of 5-o-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime were prepared. ribosomal binding studies showed that meta substituents on the aromatic ring gave the most active analogs. the esters described were all inactive in vivo at the maximum level tested.	1975	808612
small-angle x ray scattering studies on whole bacillus subtilis.		1975	808644
occurrence of phosphorylserine in the spore coat of bacillus subtilis nrrl b558.	phosphorylserine was isolated from the spores of bacillus subtilis nrrl b 558. this phosphorylated amino acid was only found in the spore coat protein and was not detectable in vegetative cells. the compound was characteristically synthesized at a late stage of sporulation and its turnover did not occur until the completion of mature spore formation. the protein which contains phosphorylserine was not solubilized from the spore coat by digestion with pronase or treatment with any detergents.	1975	808680
5s rna secondary structure.		1975	808733
in vitro transcription of a late class of phage sp01 genes.		1975	808738
chemotaxis away from uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation in bacillus subtilis.	in a capillary assay, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation and inhibitors of electron transport are repellents for bacillus subtilis. they also cause transient tumbling in naturally smooth swimming strains. tumbling strains can be made to swim smoothly by addition of attractant and then immediately returned to tumbling by subsequent addition of repellent. arsenate does not cause transient tumbling, suggesting that decrease in concentration of adenosine triphosphate does not cause tumbling and ...	1975	808854
accessibility of the (14c)benzylpenicillin binding proteins in membranes of sporulating bacilli.	triton x-100 treatment or freeze-thawing damages the membranes of sporulating or vegetative cells as seen by protein leakage from cells. a 40% increase in the specific [(14)c]benzylpenicillin-binding capacity of detergent-treated or frozen sporulating cells was observed. neither freezing nor triton x-100 treatment of vegetative cells produced a detectable effect on their [(14)c]benzylpenicillin-binding capacity. these data indicate the presence of penicillin-binding sites in intact sporulating b ...	1975	809003
bacteriophages of bacillus subtilis.		1975	809034
transfer to progeny of both dna strands of phage 2c.		1975	809043
ultrastructure of acid- and enzyme-modified cross-linked potato starch.		1975	809070
studies on the control of development. accumulation of guanosine tetraphosphate and pentaphosphate in response to inhibition of protein synthesis in bacillus subtilis.	bacillus subtilis cells accumulate unusual phosphorylated substances at the end of logarithmic growth in a semi-synthetic medium. two of these substances are guanosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-diphosphate (ppgpp) and guanosine 3'(2')-diphosphate 5'-triohosphate (pppgpp) which, in contrast to amino-acid-starved escherichia coli cells, are not degraded in sporulating cells of b. subtilis after the addition of chloramphenicol. moreover, inhibition of protein synthesis in growing cells of b. subtilis c ...	1975	809277
terminal-sequence analysis of bacterial ribosomal rna. correlation between the 3'-terminal-polypyrimidine sequence of 16-s rna and translational specificity of the ribosome.	the 3'-terminal sequences of 16-s ribosomal rna from a number of bacteria have been determined by a stepwise degradation and 3'-terminal labelling procedure. the sequences obtained were: bacillus stearothermophilus, -g(z)approximately 5 y-u-c-c-u-u-u-c-u (a); b. subtilis, -g(z)approximately 7 y-c-u-u-u-c-u; caulobacter crescentus, -g(z)3 y-u-c-c-u-u-u-c-u; pseudomonas aerugionosa, -g-z-z-y-c-u-c-u-c-c-u-u(a), where z is any nucleotide other than g. thus, as previously found in escherichia coli, ...	1975	809282
investigation of the repetitive sequences in calf dna by cleavage with restriction nucleases.	calf thymus dna was digested with the restriction nucleases from escherichia coli carrying resistance transfer factor i, haemophilus influenzae rd and bacillus subtilis x5 (ecori, hind ii, and bsu, respectively) and submitted to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. about 10% of the dna migrated as discrete fragments in 8, 16, and 30 bands, respectively, superimposed upon a continuous distribution of various size dna fragments. the fragments within the bands are repeated 2000 to 160000 times in th ...	1975	809285
acetoin degradation in bacillus subtilis by direct oxidative cleavage.	acetate and acetaldehyde can be detected as products of the oxidative dissimilation of acetoin in bacillus subtilis extracts. they arise as the result of the direct cleavage of acetoin without a previous oxidation to diacetyl. this can be deduced from the following observations: (a) no diacetyl was detected in acetoin dissimilation experiments in vitro and (b) methylacetoin, an acetoin analogue which can not be oxidized to the diketone, also undergoes oxidative splitting, yielding acetone and ac ...	1975	809287
mapping of cleavage sites for restriction endonucleases in lambdadv plasmids.	restriction nucleases from escherichia coli carrying the resistance transfer factor ri, from hemophilus influenzae, hemophilus parainfluenzae, and bacillus subtilis were used for the generation of specific dna fragments from lambdadv plasmids. cleavage maps were established for various plasmids containing different but overlapping parts of bacteriophage lambdadna by analysis of digestion patterns obtained in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. the correlation between the plasmid cleavage maps an ...	1975	809288
the role of nucleoside triphosphates in the control of 3'- and 5'-amp dephosphorylation in crude extracts of b. subtilis.		1975	809297
analysis of the intracellular dna-protein associations in escherichia coli and bacillus subtilis.	intracellular dna-protein complexes free of rna have been isolated from escherichia coli b and bacillus subtilis 168. the complexes were characterized by the protein/dna ratio (approximately 0.4) and by physico-chemical parameters. using electrophoretic methods, it was shown that the protein component of the studied complexes from both microorganisms contained acid and basic proteins. the composition of the protein component of complex isolated from bacillus subtilis was studied with respect to ...	1975	809322
changes in the extracellular accumulation of antibiotics during growth and sporulation of bacillus subtilis in liquid culture.		1975	809403
quality control of serum gentamicin assays--experience of national surveys.		1975	809404
mutant of bacillus subtilis with a temperature-sensitive lesion in ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination.	we have isolated a mutant of baccillus subtilis with a temperature-sensitive lesion in the process of spore germination. the temperature-sensitive mutation affects only germination and outgrowth, and the earliest defect observed is an early block of ribonucleic acid synthesis during germination at 46 c. upon return to 35 c there is a complete repair of the impaired function, even in the absence of protein synthesis. protein synthesis inhibition during germination of the mutant spores at 46 c has ...	1975	809412
nucleic acid synthesis and ribonucleic acid polymerase specificity in germinating and outgrowing spores of bacillus subtilis.	nucleic acid synthesis was studied during germination and outgrowth of normal spores of bacillus subtilis, as well as of spores carrying the genome of phage phie. in a system in which development was restricted to the spore-darkening phase, synthesis of ribonucleic acid (rna), but not deoxyribonucleic acid (dna), was detected. the extent of rna synthesis and turnover, during this phase was similar for the two types of spores. in a partially darkened population of spores of either type, there was ...	1975	809414
interaction of protoplasts, l forms, and bacilli of bacillus subtilis with 12 strains of bacteriophage.	the interaction of 12 phage strains with bacilli, protoplasts, and l forms of bacillus subtilis 168 and with eight of its mutants and two of its lysogens is described qualitatively and quantitatively. after removal of the cell wall from b. subtilis 168, 11 of the 12 phage strains can still adsorb to the protoplasts, nine kill their wall-less host cells, and five multiply in the naked bacteria, forming plaques on l form lawns. individual gene mutations can have similarly pleiotropic effects, stro ...	1975	809420
pleiotropic phenomena in autolytic enzyme(s) content, flagellation, and simultaneous hyperproduction of extracellular alpha-amylase and protease in a bacillus subtilis mutant.	a mutant of bacillus subtilis 6160 that had been isolated by its hyperproduction of alpha-amylase and protease lacked flagella and motility, and its content of autolytic enzyme(s) was reduced to one-third to one-fourth that of the parent. these phenotypic differences were completely co-transferred by the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of the mutant when five dna recipient strains of b. subtilis were transformed. the revertants, isolated by motility with a frequency of approximately 10(-7), recovere ...	1975	809421
mutation of bacillus subtilis causing hyperproduction of alpha-amylase and protease, and its synergistic effect.	mutants that had a genetic lesion increasing the production of alpha-amylase and protease simultaneously were isolated from a transformable strain of bacillus subtilis marburg by n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine treatment. these mutants produced two to three times more alpha-amylase and five to 16 times more protease than their parent and were tentatively referred to as ap mutants. as this mutation seems to have occurred at a single gene of the bacterial chromosome and was not located near t ...	1975	809423
plasmid deoxyribonucleic acid in bacillus subtilis and bacillus pumilus.	two of eighteen strains of bacillus subtilis examined contained covalently closed circular duplex deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) of homogeneous size and buoyant density. strain atcc 15841 contained about 16 copies per chromosome of plasmid ppl1, a circular dna element having a molecular weight of about 4.7 times 10(6) and a buoyant density of 1.700. strain atcc 7003 contained about one to two copies per chromosome of plasmid ppl2. ppl2 had a molecular weight of about 46 times 10(6) and a buoyant de ...	1975	809424
interaction of n-acetylmuramic acid l-alanine amidase with cell wall polymers.	in a previous communication (j. biol. chem. (1975) 250, 1676-1682), methods were described for the purification of the n-acetylmuramic acid l-alanine amidase from bacillus subtilis atcc 6051 and of a modifier protein which combines stoichiometrically with the enzyme and stimulates the activity approximately 3-fold. a detailed examination of the wall cleavage products obtained in the absence and in the presence of modifier indicates that the major effect of the modifier is not to change the enzym ...	1975	809432
the effect of chlorine on spores of clostridium bifermentans, bacillus subtilis and bacillus cereus.	the effect of chlorine on the germination, outgrowth, colony formation and structure of spores of clostridium bifermentans, bacillus subtilis var. niger and bacillus cereus was examined. chlorine decreased heat resistance and slowed or prevented germination and swelling, but spores that did swell were usualy able to elongate to form vegetative cells. chlorine removed protein from spores, apparently from the coat, and allowed lysozyme to initiate germination. treatment with other agents that remo ...	1975	809541
short communications. characterization of a cym mutant of bacillus subtilis.		1975	809542
synthesis and antitumor activity of 2-deamino- and n2-(gamma-hydroxypropyl)actinomycin d.	2-deamino- and n2-(gamma-hydroxypropyl)actinomycin d were synthesized by modification of the parent actinomycin d molecule at the 2 position of the phenoxazinone moiety. the common intermediate was 2-deamino-2-chloroactinomycin d. catalytic hydrogenation of this material afforded the 2-deamino derivative while treatment with gamma-hydroxypropylamine yielded the n2-(gamma-hydroxypropyl) derivative. these 2-substituted actinomycin d derivatives were less potent in microbiological assays than the p ...	1975	809581
messenger ribonucleic acid content of bacillus amyloliquefaciens throughout its growth cycle compared with bacillus subtilis 168.		1975	809591
genetic analysis of bacteriophage phi29 of bacillus subtilis: mapping of the cistrons coding for structural proteins.	four phage phi29 suppressor-sensitive mutants of cistron o have been examined for production of 14c-labeled viral-specific proteins in restrictive infections of bacillus subtilis and fail to produce the protein of the viral neck lower collar. cistrons o and f have been placed on the genetic map, containing 12 cistrons, by three-factor crosses. the phenotypes of five cistron j mutants have been analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis and autoradiography, and in three instances frag ...	1975	809595
[bacterial spore cortex i. comparison between peptidoglycans of the spores and vegetative cells of bacillus subtilis nrrl b558].		1975	809599
[characteristics of spore-forming bacteria of the genus bacillus that break down caprolactam].	five strains of sporeforming bacteria were isolated from sewage of capron industry and their morphological, cultural, as well as physiological and biochemical properties were investigated. four strains were identified as bacillus subtilis and one as bacillus pumilus. the cultures were able to grow in mineral medium with caprolactam as a source of carbon and nitrogen. the influence of growth conditions on the rate of caprolactam decomposition in synthetic medium was studied.	1975	809644
transfection with heteroduplex spp1 dna: a pyrimidine dimer induced influence on the conversion pattern.	bacillus subtilis competent cells were transfected with spp1 heteroduplices having pyrimidine dimers in one of the strands. the data obtained reveal that excision repair of the pyrimidine dimers influences the ratio of wild type versus mutant progeny observed in "normal" heteroduplex transfection. with increased exposure of one strand to uv dose the percentage of infective centers having the unirradiated strand genotype shows an increase. a comparison of the transfection data in her+ and her- ho ...	1975	809663
[penicillin v potassium in tonsillar tissue and serum (author's transl)].	1.2 mega u penicillin v potassium was given to 20 patients 2 hours (group 1) and another 19 patients 3 hours (group 2) before tonsillectomy. after the operation biological determinations of the levels of active principle were made from tonsillar tissue and serum with statistical evaluation of the results (spearman's rank correlation). there was a significant connection between the serum and tonsillar tissue concentrations (in children and adults) in both groups. the level of the active principle ...	1975	809683
n-methyl-n'-nitro-n-nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis during germination of bacillus spores.		1975	809705
azide mutagnesis. in vitro studies.		1975	809706
repair of u.v. damages in bacillus subtilis cultures competent for transformation: difference between competent and non-competent fractions.	the repair of u.v. damages to dna in b. subtilis cultures competent for genetic transformation has been studied. the comparison of survival curves for competent and non competent fractions shows that: i) excision repair is more effective in competent than in non competent bacteria; ii) recombination repair is more effective in non competent than in competent bacteria. these facts support the hypothesis that metabolic conditions and, very likely, dna replication play a role in the regulation of t ...	1975	809758
[false-positive results obtained on examining slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues (author's transl)].	as part of the examination of emergency-slaughtered animals for the presence of antibiotic residues, studies were done to see whether false-positive results would be obtained when the sarcina lutea kidney test and bacillus subtilis bga test were performed. when the s. lutea kidney test was positive in cattle, calves and swine, penicillin was invariably found to be present in those animals, the histories of which showed that they had not been given antibiotics. a syringe and an injected fluid con ...	1975	809859
antimicrobial activity of alkaloids from amphibian venoms and effects on the ultrastructure of yeast cells.		1975	809864
[effect of several plant growth regulators on various prokaryotes and their viruses].	26 plant growth regulators including herbicides were investigated in their effect on the multiplication of escherichia coli, bacillus subtilis, and the blue-green alga plectonema boryanum as well as the rna phages m 12 and qbeta and the dna phages lambda, phi 105, and lpp-1 employing the agar diffusion method. nearly all of the compounds inhibited and/or stimulated one or some of the prokaryotes tested. the most frequent and strongest effects occurred in pl. boryanum, the least effects in e. col ...	1975	809932
inhibition of de novo fatty acid synthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin in bacillus subtilis: effects on citrate-mg2+ transport and synthesis of macromolecules.	inhibition of de novo fatty acid biosynthesis by the antibiotic cerulenin in bacillus subtilis stopped de novo synthesis of neutral lipids and phospholipids. the bacteria ceased growing but remained completely viable. addition of 12-methyltetradecanoic acid and palmitic acid to the culture medium of cerulenin-treated cells restored growth of the bacteria, albeit at a reduced rate. although the de novo synthesis of all lipid components of the membrane was blocked, citrate-mg(2+) transport activit ...	1975	810081
genetic and physiological studies on the site of action of distamycin a.	two new genetic loci of bacillus subtilis are identified by mutations that confer resistance to distamycin a and to other antibacterial agents. the chromosomal region where they map probably contains a cluster of genes whose products are related to membrane structure and function. some of the biological effects of distamycin a are still in evidence in the resistant mutants indicating that the drug possibly acts at multiple sites. most biological effects of the drug (including the phenotypic corr ...	1975	810085
effect of temperature on the sterilization of isopropyl alcohol by liquid propylene oxide.	liquid propylene oxide added to a solution of isopropyl alcohol and incubated at different temperatures markedly reduced the time required to sterilize the alcohol solution.	1975	810090
the capacity of alpha-amylases to catalyze the nonhydrolytic degradation of starch and glycogen with formation of novel glycosylation products.		1975	810091
microbiological aspects of wood chip storage in tropical environments.	the microbiology of tropical wood chip storage has been examined in small experimental piles at two sites in new guinea. biodeterioration occurred in the forms of wood discoloration and loss of wood substance, including cellulosics; over a period of 2-4 months c. 20% per month of the chip pile by volume was seriously discoloured by microorganisms, and wood substance loss amounted to c. 1.5% per month (microscopic assessment). a range of microorganisms which produce discoloration were isolated. d ...	1975	810126
succinate transport in bacillus subtilis. dependence on inorganic anions.	cations were generally ineffective in stimulating succinate transport in a succinate dehydrogenase mutant of bacillus subtilis unless accompanied by polyvalent anions; phosphate and sulfate being particularly active. the km values for the phosphate or sulfate requirement were approx. 3 mm. biphasic kinetics were characteristic of both the succinate (km values 0.1 and 1 mm), and inorganic phosphate (km values 0.1 and 3 mm) transport system(s). the phosphate transport system(s) was repressed by hi ...	1975	810162
control of membrane protein synthesis in bacillus subtilis.	in synchronous cultures of bacillus subtilis 168/s grown on succinate as a sole carbon source (mean generation time 115 min), chromosome initiation occurs at the beginning of the cell cycle but the rate of membrane protein synthesis doubles in mid-cycle more or less coincident with nuclear segregation. in glucose-grown cultures, the doubling in rate of membrane protein synthesis occurs at about the same time as nuclear segregation and dna initiation at the beginning of the cycle. control of the ...	1975	810172
mutagenicity of alpha-acetoxy-dialkylnitrosamines: model compounds for an ultimate carcinogen.		1975	810385
a novel intramolecular displacement reaction of 5-o-desosaminylerythronolide a oxime.		1975	810470
association of the replication terminus of the bacillus subtilis chromosome to the cell membrane.	a chromosomal segment containing several genetic markers, from metb to thya, near the replication terminus is associated with the membranous structure of bacillus subtilis, but markers adjacent to this region, lys, ura, and metc, are not.	1975	810475