Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase is involved in the virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes severe infections in pigs and humans. however, the pathogenesis of s. suis remains unclear. the present study targeted a putative virulence-associated factor (fhs, encoding the formate-tetrahydrofolate ligase) of s. suis. to investigate the role of fhs in the virulence potential of s. suis serotype 2, an fhs deletion mutant (δfhs) and the corresponding complementation strain (cδfhs) were generated. the δfhs mutant displayed similar ... | 2016 | 27427088 |
| comparative genome analyses of streptococcus suis isolates from endocarditis demonstrate persistence of dual phenotypic clones. | many bacterial species coexist in the same niche as heterogeneous clones with different phenotypes; however, understanding of infectious diseases by polyphenotypic bacteria is still limited. in the present study, encapsulation in isolates of the porcine pathogen streptococcus suis from persistent endocarditis lesions was examined. coexistence of both encapsulated and unencapsulated s. suis isolates was found in 26 out of 59 endocarditis samples. the isolates were serotype 2, and belonged to two ... | 2016 | 27433935 |
| fatal septic meningitis in child caused by streptococcus suis serotype 24. | 2016 | 27439179 | |
| determining streptococcus suis serotype from short-read whole-genome sequencing data. | streptococcus suis is divided into 29 serotypes based on a serological reaction against the capsular polysaccharide (cps). multiplex pcr tests targeting the cps locus are also used to determine s. suis serotypes, but they cannot differentiate between serotypes 1 and 14, and between serotypes 2 and 1/2. here, we developed a pipeline permitting in silico serotype determination from whole-genome sequencing (wgs) short-read data that can readily identify all 29 s. suis serotypes. | 2016 | 27449127 |
| neutrophil extracellular trap formation in the streptococcus suis-infected cerebrospinal fluid compartment. | streptococcus suis is an important meningitis-causing pathogen in pigs and humans. neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) have been identified as host defense mechanism against different pathogens. here, nets were detected in the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of s. suis-infected piglets despite the presence of active nucleases. to study net-formation and net-degradation after transmigration of s. suis and neutrophils through the choroid plexus epithelial cell barrier, a previously described model of ... | 2017 | 27450700 |
| flps, the fnr-like protein of streptococcus suis is an essential, oxygen-sensing activator of the arginine deiminase system. | streptococcus (s.) suis is a zoonotic pathogen causing septicemia and meningitis in pigs and humans. during infection s. suis must metabolically adapt to extremely diverse environments of the host. ccpa and the fnr family of bacterial transcriptional regulators are important for metabolic gene regulation in various bacteria. the role of ccpa in s. suis is well defined, but the function of the fnr-like protein of s. suis, flps, is yet unknown. transcriptome analyses of wild-type s. suis and a flp ... | 2016 | 27455333 |
| characterization of spectinomycin resistance in streptococcus suis leads to two novel insights into drug resistance formation and dissemination mechanism. | spectinomycin is an aminocyclitol antibiotic used clinically to treat a variety of infections in animals. here, we characterized drug resistance prevalence in clinical streptococcus suis isolates and discovered a novel resistance mechanism in which the s5 mutation (gly26asp) results in high spectinomycin resistance. additionally, a novel integrative and conjugative element encompassing a multidrug resistance spw_like-aade-lnu(b)-lsa(e) cluster and a cadmium resistance operon were identified, sug ... | 2016 | 27458226 |
| streptococcusmarmotae sp. nov., isolated from the respiratory tract of marmota himalayana. | five strains of a gram-stain-positive, catalase-negative, α-haemolytic, coccus-shaped chain-forming organism were isolated separately from the lower respiratory tracts of five animals of marmota himalayana in the endemic area of plague, the qinghai-tibet plateau, china. based on their morphological characteristics, biochemical features and molecular phylogenetic studies, the strains were placed as representing a new member of the genus streptococcus. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence studies in ... | 2016 | 27473166 |
| characterization of the immune response and evaluation of the protective capacity of rssna against streptococcus suis infection in pigs. | the efforts made to develop vaccines against streptococcus suis have failed because of lack of common antigens cross-reactive against different serotypes of this species. the cell wall-anchored proteins can be good vaccine candidates due to their high expression and accessibility to antibodies, among these, a cell-wall protein, dna-nuclease (ssna), present in most of the s. suis serotypes and clinical isolates collected from infected pigs, was selected. an experimental challenge against s. suis ... | 2016 | 27477507 |
| a novel prophage lysin ply5218 with extended lytic activity and stability against streptococcus suis infection. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) is an emerging zoonotic agent that exhibits high level resistance to classic antibiotics and a heavy burden in the swine industry. therefore alternative antibacterial agents need to be developed. a novel endolysin derived from the s. suis temperate phage phi5218, termed ply5218, was identified. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) of ply5218 was 2.5 μg ml(-1) against s. suis strain ha9801, an activity many times greater than the lysins reported previously (mic ... | 2016 | 27481700 |
| nadh oxidase, a new player in the field of streptococcus suis infection. | 2017 | 27482985 | |
| [case report; a case of streptococcus suis meningitis which caused bilateral sensorineural hearing loss was improved due to the cochlear implantation]. | 2016 | 27491267 | |
| molecular and antimicrobial susceptibility profiling of atypical streptococcus species from porcine clinical specimens. | the streptococcus species present broad phenotypic variation, making identification difficult using only traditional microbiological methods. even though streptococcus suis is the most important species for the worldwide swine industry, other streptococcus species appear to be able to cause disease in swine and could represent a higher underestimated risk for porcine health. the aim of this study was to identify streptococcus-like isolates by maldi-tof ms and 16s rrna sequencing and further mole ... | 2016 | 27491454 |
| clearance of streptococcus suis in stomach contents of differently fed growing pigs. | streptococcus (s.) suis translocates across the intestinal barrier of piglets after intraintestinal application. based on these findings, an oro-gastrointestinal infection route has been proposed. thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the survival of s. suis in the porcine stomach. whereas surviving bacteria of s. suis serotypes 2 and 9 were not detectable after 60 min of incubation in stomach contents with a comparatively high gastric ph of 5 due to feeding of fine pellets, the n ... | 2016 | 27509526 |
| identification of a unique amyloid sequence in aa amyloidosis of a pig associated with streptococcus suis infection. | here we report a pig with amyloid a (aa) amyloidosis associated with streptococcus suis infection and identification of a unique amyloid sequence in the amyloid deposits in the tissue. tissues from the 180-day-old underdeveloped pig contained foci of necrosis and suppurative inflammation associated with s. suis infection. congo red stain, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy revealed intense aa deposition in the spleen and renal glomeruli. mass spectrometric analysis of amyloid material ... | 2017 | 27520112 |
| (p)ppgpp synthetases regulate the pathogenesis of zoonotic streptococcus suis. | (p)ppgpp-mediated stringent response is one of the main adaption mechanism in bacteria, and the ability to adapt to environment is linked to the pathogenesis of bacterial pathogens. in the zoonotic pathogen streptococcus suis, there are two (p)ppgpp synthetases, rela and relq. to investigate the regulatory functions of (p)ppgpp/(p)ppgpp synthetases on the pathogenesis of s. suis, the phenotypes of the [(p)ppgpp(0)] mutant δrelaδrelq and its parental strain were compared. light and electron micro ... | 2016 | 27524648 |
| characterisation of a novel integrative and conjugative element icessd9 carrying erm(b) and tet(o) resistance determinants in streptococcus suis, and the distribution of icessd9-like elements in clinical isolates. | this study identified a novel integrative and conjugative element (icessd9) carrying erm(b) and tet(o) resistance determinants in streptococcus suis d9 and determined its prevalence in clinical isolates. comparative genome analysis was performed using mauve and artemis comparison tool visualisation programs. inverse pcr was utilised to detect its circular intermediate. the transfer capacity of icessd9 was evaluated by mating assays using s. suis a7 and enterococcus faecalis jh2-2 as recipients. ... | 2016 | 27531000 |
| initial steps of the pathogenesis of the infection caused by streptococcus suis: fighting against nonspecific defenses. | interactions between a bacterial pathogen and its potentially susceptible host are initiated with the colonization step. during respiratory/oral infection, the pathogens must compete with the normal microflora, resist defense mechanisms of the local mucosal immunity, and finally reach, adhere, and breach the mucosal epithelial cell barrier in order to induce invasive disease. this is the case during infection by the swine and zoonotic pathogen streptococcus suis, which is able to counteract muco ... | 2016 | 27539145 |
| genomic and proteomic characterization of se-i, a temperate bacteriophage infecting erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae. | a bacteriophage infecting pathogenic erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae was isolated from a swine farm experiencing an outbreak of acute swine erysipelas; we designated this phage se-i. se-i has an icosahedral head, a long tail and a double-stranded dna genome. the 34,997-bp genome has a gc content of 34 % and contains 43 open reading frames (orfs) encoding packaging, structural, lysin-holin, and hypothetical proteins. components of purified se-i were separated using sds-page and analyzed using liquid ... | 2016 | 27541818 |
| a fatal case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome caused by streptococcus suis carrying tet (40) and tet (o/w/32/o), italy. | we report the first human fatal case of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) caused by streptococcus suis serotype 2 carrying the tetracycline efflux tet (40) gene and the tetracycline ribosomal protection tet (o/w/32/o) gene. the patient was splenectomized. the case was characterized by multi-organ dysfunction and disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, in accordance with the clinical parameters of stss. more investigations are needed to improve the epidemiology and the pathogenesis of s. ... | 2016 | 27553071 |
| a survey of porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) associated pathogens among commercial pig farms of korea via oral fluid method. | oral fluid analysis for monitoring herd is an interest in commercial pig farms in korea. the aim of this study was to investigate the positive rates and correlation of eight pathogens associated with porcine respiratory disease complex (prdc) by analyzing oral fluid samples from 214 pig groups from 56 commercial farms. the samples collected by rope-chewing method were analyzed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) or standard pcr depending on microorganisms. the pathogens ... | 2016 | 27586468 |
| development of a sandwich elisa for ehec o157:h7 intimin γ1. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) o157:h7 is a zoonotic pathogen of worldwide importance that causes foodborne infections in humans. intimin gamma 1 (intimin γ1) is one of the most important outer membrane proteins required for ehec's intimate adhesion to epithelial cells. here, we generated a polyclonal antibody (pab) and a monoclonal antibody (mab) against intimin γ1 to develop a double antibody sandwich elisa (das-elisa) with increased sensitivity and specificity for measuring ehec o1 ... | 2016 | 27603508 |
| suilysin stimulates the release of heparin binding protein from neutrophils and increases vascular permeability in mice. | most of the deaths that occurred during two large outbreaks of streptococcus suis infections in 1998 and 2005 in china were caused by streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss), which is characterized by increased vascular permeability. heparin-binding protein (hbp) is thought to mediate the vascular leakage. the purpose of this study was to investigate the detailed mechanism underlying the release of hbp and the vascular leakage induced by s. suis. significantly higher serum levels of hbp were d ... | 2016 | 27617009 |
| streptococcus suis serotype 2 capsule in vivo. | many streptococcus suis isolates from porcine endocarditis in slaughterhouses have lost their capsule and are considered avirulent. however, we retrieved capsule- and virulence-recovered s. suis after in vivo passages of a nonencapsulated strain in mice, suggesting that nonencapsulated s. suis are still potentially hazardous for persons in the swine industry. | 2016 | 27648583 |
| selection of potential virulence factors contributing to streptococcus suis type 2 penetration into the blood brain barrier in an in vitro co-culture model. | meningitis caused by streptococcus suis type 2 (s. suis 2) is a great threat to the pig industry and human health. virulence factors associated with the pathogenesis of meningitis have yet to be clearly defined, even though many potential s. suis 2 virulence factors have been identified. this greatly hinders the progress of s. suis 2 meningitis pathogenesis research. in this study, a co-culture blood brain barrier (bbb) model was established using primary porcine brain microvascular endothelial ... | 2016 | 27666982 |
| human case of bacteremia due to streptococcus suis serotype 5 in japan: the first report and literature review. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can be transferred from pigs to humans. the serotypes 2 and 14 are prevalent among patients with s. suis infections, while other serotypes (i.e., 1, 4, 5, 16, and 24) have been detected in rare human cases. to the best of our knowledge, the present patient handling with raw pork is the first human case of uncomplicated bacteremia due to s. suis serotype 5 in japan. we confirmed the new sequence type 752 of this isolate. virulence-associated gene pro ... | 2016 | 27689023 |
| predominance of streptococcus suis st1 and st7 in human cases in china, and detection of a novel sequence type, st658. | 2016 | 27689249 | |
| novel capsular polysaccharide loci and new diagnostic tools for high-throughput capsular gene typing in streptococcus suis. | streptococcus suis is an important pathogen of pigs and may cause serious disease in humans. serotyping is an important tool for detection and epidemiological studies of s. suis thirty-three reference serotypes and nine novel cps loci (ncls) are recognized in s. suis to gain a better understanding of the prevalence and genetic characteristics of ncls, we investigated the serotype identity of 486 isolates isolated between 2013 and 2015 in china by capsular gene typing methods. two hundred seventy ... | 2016 | 27694240 |
| survival of streptococcus suis, streptococcus dysgalactiae and trueperella pyogenes in dry-cured iberian pork shoulders and loins. | dry-cured hams, shoulders and loins of iberian pigs are highly appreciated in national and international markets. salting, additive addition and dehydration are the main strategies to produce these ready-to-eat products. although the dry curing process is known to reduce the load of well-known food borne pathogens, studies evaluating the viability of other microorganisms in contaminated pork have not been performed. in this work, the efficacy of the dry curing process to eliminate three swine pa ... | 2017 | 27697171 |
| serological patterns of actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, pasteurella multocida and streptococcus suis in pig herds affected by pleuritis. | respiratory illness is traditionally regarded as the disease of the growing pig, and has historically mainly been associated to bacterial infections with focus on mycoplasma hyopneumoniae and actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. these bacteria still are of great importance, but continuously increasing herd sizes have complicated the scenario and the influence of secondary invaders may have been increased. the aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of a. pleuropneumoniae and m. hyopneumoniae, ... | 2016 | 27716292 |
| use of antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in veterinary medicine as exemplified by the swine pathogen streptococcus suis. | use of antimicrobial agents in veterinary medicine is essential to control infectious diseases, thereby keeping animals healthy and animal products safe for the consumer. on the other hand, development and spread of antimicrobial resistance is of major concern for public health. streptococcus (s.) suis reflects a typical bacterial pathogen in modern swine production due to its facultative pathogenic nature and wide spread in the pig population. thus, in the present review we focus on certain cur ... | 2016 | 27738916 |
| egfr transactivation contributes to neuroinflammation in streptococcus suis meningitis. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) is an important zoonotic bacterial pathogen in both humans and animals, which can cause high morbidity and mortality. meningitis is one of the major clinical manifestations of ss2 infection. however, the specific process of ss2 meningitis and its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. epidermal growth factor receptor (egfr) has been reported to initiate transduction of intracellular signals and regulate host inflammatory responses. whether and how egfr contribut ... | 2016 | 27756321 |
| evolution and diversity of the antimicrobial resistance associated mobilome in streptococcus suis: a probable mobile genetic elements reservoir for other streptococci. | streptococcus suis is a previously neglected, newly emerging multidrug-resistant zoonotic pathogen. mobile genetic elements (mges) play a key role in intra- and interspecies horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance (amr) determinants. although, previous studies showed the presence of several mges, a comprehensive analysis of amr-associated mobilome as well as their interaction and evolution has not been performed. in this study, we presented the amr-associated mobilome and their insertion ... | 2016 | 27774436 |
| a decennium of etiology and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with infective endocarditis at a university hospital, thailand. | infective endocarditis is an infection with a high mortality rate. antimicrobial therapy is important in treatment but data on antimicrobial susceptibilities are limited. this retrospective study analyzed the data of causative microorganisms and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in patients with infective endocarditis who were aged 18 years or older and received inpatient care between 2006 and 2015 at king chulalongkorn memorial hospital. a total of 213 patients fulfilled the inclusion crite ... | 2016 | 27795476 |
| effects of suilysin on streptococcus suis-induced platelet aggregation. | blood platelets play important roles during pathological thrombocytopenia in streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss). streptococcus suis (s. suis) an emerging human pathogen, can cause stss similarly to s. pyogenes. however, s. suis interactions with platelets are poorly understood. here, we found that suilysin (sly), different from other bacterial cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (cdcs), was the sole stimulus that induced platelet aggregation. furthermore, the inside-out activation of gpiib/i ... | 2016 | 27800304 |
| sub-mics of azithromycin decrease biofilm formation of streptococcus suis and increase capsular polysaccharide content of s. suis. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) caused serious disease symptoms in humans and pigs. s. suis is able to form thick biofilms and this increases the difficulty of treatment. after growth with 1/2 minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of azithromycin, 1/4 mic of azithromycin, or 1/8 mic of azithromycin, biofilm formation of s. suis dose-dependently decreased in the present study. furthermore, scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the obvious effect of azithromycin against biofilm formation of ... | 2016 | 27812354 |
| acute meningitis of piglets and mice caused by co-infected with streptococcus suis and aerococcus viridans. | the two opportunistic pathogens, streptococcus suis (s. suis) and aerococcus. viridans (a. viridans) were isolated from the brains of piglets suffered bacterial meningitis in a farm of china. the murine model has been established to evaluate the pathogenicity and symbiotic relationship of s. suis and a. viridans simultaneously infection. our results demonstrated the ability of new serotype s. suis to cause the classical bacterial meningitis and death were greatly enhanced during co-infection wit ... | 2016 | 27816682 |
| human meningitis due to streptococcus suis in lomé, togo: a case report. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen which represents the leading cause of meningitis in southeast asia and an emerging pathogen in the western world, the main risk factor for infection being contact with pigs. in africa, the prevalence of s. suis infections in swine and humans is largely unrecognized, with only one recent report of a limited case series. | 2016 | 27821092 |
| suilysin-induced platelet-neutrophil complexes formation is triggered by pore formation-dependent calcium influx. | platelet activation and platelet-neutrophil interactions have been found to be involved in inflammation, organ failure and soft-tissue necrosis in bacterial infections. streptococcus suis, an emerging human pathogen, can cause streptococcal toxic-shock syndrome (stss) similarly to streptococcus pyogenes. currently, s. suis-platelet interactions are poorly understood. here, we found that suilysin (sly), the s. suis cholesterol-dependent cytolysin (cdc), was the sole stimulus of s. suis that induc ... | 2016 | 27830834 |
| structural and functional analysis of an anchorless fibronectin-binding protein fbps from gram-positive bacterium streptococcus suis. | the anchorless fibronectin-binding proteins (fnbps) are a group of important virulence factors for which the structures are not available and the functions are not well defined. in this study we performed comprehensive studies on a prototypic member of this group: the fibronectin-/fibrinogen-binding protein from streptococcus suis (fbps). the structures of the n- and c-terminal halves (fbps-n and fbps-c), which together cover the full-length protein in sequence, were solved at a resolution of 2. ... | 2016 | 27834729 |
| mac protein is not an essential virulence factor for the virulent reference strain streptococcus suis p1/7. | streptococcus suis is a major pathogen of pigs and also an important zoonotic agent for humans. a s. suis protein containing mac-1 domain (designated mac) is a protective antigen, exclusively cleaves porcine igm, and contributes to complement evasion with the presence of high titers of specific porcine anti-s. suis igm, but its role in s. suis virulence has not been investigated in natural healthy host without specific igm. in this study, a mac deletion mutant was constructed by homologous recom ... | 2017 | 27847975 |
| distribution of type i restriction-modification systems in streptococcus suis: an outlook. | streptococcus suis is a porcine commensal and pathogen with zoonotic potential. we recently identified a novel type i restriction-modification (r-m) system in a zoonotic s. suis clone which has emerged in the netherlands. here, we describe the dna inversions in the specificity subunit of this system in s. suis serotype 2, clonal complex 20 and explain the absence of domain movement by the absence of repeats. in addition, we identified a core type i r-m system present in 95% of the isolates and f ... | 2016 | 27869755 |
| immune-responsiveness of cd4(+) t cells during streptococcus suis serotype 2 infection. | the pathogenesis of streptococcus suis infection, a major swine and human pathogen, is only partially understood and knowledge on the host adaptive immune response is critically scarce. yet, s. suis virulence factors, particularly its capsular polysaccharide (cps), enable this bacterium to modulate dendritic cell (dc) functions and potentially impair the immune response. this study aimed to evaluate modulation of t cell activation during s. suis infection and the role of dcs in this response. s. ... | 2016 | 27905502 |
| evaluation of galleria mellonella larvae for studying the virulence of streptococcus suis. | streptococcus suis is an encapsulated gram-positive bacterium and the leading cause of sepsis and meningitis in young pigs, resulting in considerable economic losses in the porcine industry. s. suis is considered an emerging zoonotic agent with increasing numbers of human cases over the last years. in the environment, both avirulent and virulent strains occur in pigs, with no evidence for consistent adapatation of virulent strains to the human host. currently, there is an urgent need for a conve ... | 2016 | 27978817 |
| roles of the putative type iv-like secretion system key component vird4 and prsa in pathogenesis of streptococcus suis type 2. | streptococcus suis type 2 (ss2) is a zoonotic pathogen causing septic infection, meningitis and pneumonia in pigs and humans. ss2 may cause streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (stss) probably due to excessive release of inflammatory cytokines. a previous study indicated that the vird4 gene in the putative type iv-like secretion system (t4ss) within the 89k pathogenicity island specific for recent epidemic strains contributed to the development of stss. however, the functional basis of vird4 in st ... | 2016 | 27995095 |
| detection of multiple parallel transmission outbreak of streptococcus suis human infection by use of genome epidemiology, china, 2005. | streptococcus suis sequence type 7 emerged and caused 2 of the largest human infection outbreaks in china in 1998 and 2005. to determine the major risk factors and source of the infections, we analyzed whole genomes of 95 outbreak-associated isolates, identified 160 single nucleotide polymorphisms, and classified them into 6 clades. molecular clock analysis revealed that clade 1 (responsible for the 1998 outbreak) emerged in october 1997. clades 2-6 (responsible for the 2005 outbreak) emerged se ... | 2017 | 27997331 |
| the phage lysin plyss2 decolonizes streptococcus suis from murine intranasal mucosa. | streptococcus suis infects pigs worldwide and may be zoonotically transmitted to humans with a mortality rate of up to 20%. s. suis has been shown to develop in vitro resistance to the two leading drugs of choice, penicillin and gentamicin. because of this, we have pursued an alternative therapy to treat these pathogens using bacteriophage lysins. the bacteriophage lysin plyss2 is derived from an s. suis phage and displays potent lytic activity against most strains of that species including sero ... | 2017 | 28046082 |
| a serine/threonine phosphatase 1 of streptococcus suis type 2 is an important virulence factor. | streptococcus suis is regarded as one of the major pathogens of pigs while s. suis type 2 (ss2) is considered to be a zoonotic bacterium for its ability to cause meningitis and streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome in humans. many bacterial species contain genes encoding serine/threonine protein phosphatases (stp) responsible for dephosphorylation of their substrates in a single reaction step. this study was aimed to investigate the role of stp1 in pathogenesis of ss2. an isogenic stp1 mutant ... | 2017 | 28057904 |
| development of an indirect dot-ppa-elisa using glutamate dehydrogenase as a diagnostic antigen for the rapid and specific detection of streptococcus suis and its application to clinical specimens. | streptococcus suis is an important zoonotic pathogen causing infections in pigs and humans. bacterial surface-related proteins are often explored as potential vaccine candidates and diagnostic antigens. in the present study, glutamate dehydrogenase, a highly conserved immunogenic extracellular protein, was used to establish a dot horseradish peroxidase enzyme-linked staphylococcal protein a immunosorbent assay (dot-ppa-elisa) for diagnosis of s. suis infection. the antigen-antibody reaction was ... | 2017 | 28058577 |
| immunization with streptococcus suis bacterin plus recombinant sao protein in sows conveys passive immunity to their piglets. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) causes arthritis, meningitis, septicemia, and sudden death in pigs and is also an zoonotic agent for humans. the present study demonstrated that immunization with recombinant sao-l (surface antigen one-l, rsao-l) protein from a strain of s. suis serotype 2 in pigs was able to increase cross-serotype protection against s. suis serotype 1 and 2 challenge. since weaning piglets are more susceptible to s. suis infections due to the stresses associated with weaning, prepa ... | 2017 | 28061775 |
| temporal regulation of the transformasome and competence development in streptococcus suis. | in s. suis the comx-inducing peptide (xip) pheromone regulates comr-dependent transcriptional activation of comx (or sigx) the regulator of the late competence regulon. the aims of this study were to identify the comr-regulated genes and in s. suis using genome-wide transcriptomics and identify their function based on orthology and the construction of specific knockout mutants. the comx regulon we identified, includes all homologs of the "transformasome" a type 4-like pilus dna binding and trans ... | 2016 | 28066332 |
| occurrence of pasteurella multocida among pigs with respiratory disease in china between 2011 and 2015. | prior to the 1990s, p. multocida capsular serogroup a was the most prevalent in china, followed by serogroups b and d. thirty years later, serogroup d became the most prevalent, followed by serogroups a and b. however, the p. multocida capsular serogroups currently circulating in china remain unclear. therefore, the aim of the present study was to provide an update on p. multocida serogroups isolated from diagnostic samples collected from clinically diseased pigs in central and eastern china fro ... | 2017 | 28078081 |
| distribution of suicin gene clusters in streptococcus suis serotype 2 belonging to sequence types 25 and 28. | recently, we reported the purification and characterization of three distinct lantibiotics (named suicin 90-1330, suicin 3908, and suicin 65) produced by streptococcus suis. in this study, we investigated the distribution of the three suicin lantibiotic gene clusters among serotype 2 s. suis strains belonging to sequence type (st) 25 and st28, the two dominant sts identified in north america. the genomes of 102 strains were interrogated for the presence of suicin gene clusters encoding suicins 9 ... | 2016 | 28078298 |
| deletion of ssna attenuates the pathogenicity of streptococcus suis and confers protection against serovar 2 strain challenge. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) is a major porcine and human pathogen which causes arthritis, meningitis, and septicemia. streptococcus suis nuclease a (ssna) is a recently discovered deoxyribonuclease (dnase), which has been demonstrated to contribute to escape killing in neutrophil extracellular traps (nets). to further determine the effects of ssna on virulence, the ssna deletion mutant (δssna) and its complemented strain (c-δssna) were constructed. the ability of δssna mutant to interact ... | 2017 | 28081204 |
| pathogenic streptococcus strains employ novel escape strategy to inhibit bacteriostatic effect mediated by mammalian peptidoglycan recognition protein. | pathogenic streptococcal species are responsible for some of the most lethal and prevalent animal and human infections. previous reports have identified a candidate pathogenicity island (pai) in two highly virulent clinical isolates of streptococcus suis type 2, a causative agent of high-mortality streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. this pai contains a type-ivc secretion system c subgroup (type-ivc secretion system) that is involved in the secretion of unknown pathogenic effectors that are respo ... | 2017 | 28092693 |
| the 1910hk/rr two-component system is essential for the virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is a major zoonotic pathogen, and the two-component system plays an important role in bacterial pathogenesis. the present study targeted the 1910hk/rr two-component system of s. suis 2. a 1910hk/rr deletion mutant (δ1910hk/rr) and the corresponding complementation strain (cδ1910hk/rr) were constructed in s. suis 2 strain 05zyh33. 1910hk/rr deletion had no effect on s. suis 2 growth, but significantly inhibited the adherence and invasion of s. suis 2 to hep-2 cells. ... | 2017 | 28093234 |
| serotypes of streptococcus suis isolated from healthy pigs in phayao province, thailand. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) is an important swine and human pathogen. there are 33 serotypes that have been described. zoonotic cases are very common the northern part of thailand, especially in phayao province. however, the prevalence of s. suis and, more particularly the different serotypes, in pigs in this region is poorly known and needed to be addressed. | 2017 | 28100261 |
| the involvement of msmk in pathogenesis of the streptococcus suis serotype 2. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) is an important swine and human pathogen that causes global economic and public health problems. virulent s. suis strains successfully maintain high bacterial concentrations in host blood and rapidly adapt to challenging environments within hosts. successful survival in hosts is a major factor influencing the pathogenesis of ss2. we have previously identified that ss2 colonization in mouse brain is possibly affected by the atpase, msmk of carbohydrate atp-bind ... | 2017 | 28102028 |
| causes and outcomes of sepsis in southeast asia: a multinational multicentre cross-sectional study. | improved understanding of pathogens that cause sepsis would aid management and antimicrobial selection. in this study, we aimed to identify the causative pathogens of sepsis in southeast asia. | 2017 | 28104185 |
| draft genome sequence of hypervirulent and vaccine candidate streptococcus suis strain sc19. | streptococcus suis, a zoonotic bacterium found primarily in pigs, has been recognized recently as an emerging pathogen of humans. herein, we describe the genome of streptococcus suis strain sc19, a hypervirulent and vaccine candidate strain isolated from a pig amid the 2005 outbreak in china. | 2017 | 28104658 |
| streptococcus suis small rna rss04 contributes to the induction of meningitis by regulating capsule synthesis and by inducing biofilm formation in a mouse infection model. | streptococcus suis (ss) is an important pathogen for pigs, and it is also considered as a zoonotic agent for humans. meningitis is one of the most common features of the infection caused by ss, but little is known about the mechanisms of ss meningitis. recent studies have revealed that small rnas (srnas) have emerged as key regulators of the virulence in several bacteria. in the previous study, we reported that ss srna rss04 was up-regulated in pig cerebrospinal fluid and contributes to ss virul ... | 2017 | 28110777 |
| transcutaneous immunization of streptococcus suis bacterin using dissolving microneedles. | vaccine delivery using microneedle (mn) patches is an easy, safe and painless alternative to traditional needle injections. in this study, we examined whether mn patches can enhance the efficacy of a streptococcus suis serotype 2 (s. suis 2) vaccine in a mouse model. results showed that mns can reach 200-250μm into the skin, a depth beneficial for targeted delivery of antigens to antigen-presenting cells in the epidermis and dermis. vaccination with prime-boost of mn induced higher levels of igg ... | 2017 | 28131383 |
| factor h specifically capture novel factor h-binding proteins of streptococcus suis and contribute to the virulence of the bacteria. | factor h (fh), a regulatory protein of the complement system, can bind specifically to factor h-binding proteins (fhbps) of streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2), which contribute to evasion of host innate immune defenses. in the present study, we aimed to identify novel fhbps and characterize the biological functions of fh in ss2 pathogenesis. here, a method that combined proteomics and far-western blotting was developed to identify the surface fhbps of ss2. with this method, fourteen potential n ... | 2017 | 28164787 |
| isolation and partial characterization of streptococcus suis from clinical cases in cattle. | sixteen isolates of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria were obtained from clinical cases of diverse conditions in cattle and identified as streptococcus suis using 16s ribosomal dna gene sequencing and other bacterial identification methods. none of the isolates could be assigned to any of the known s. suis capsular types. virulence-associated gene profiling that targeted muramidase-released protein, extracellular protein factor, suilysin, 89-kb pathogenicity island, and arginine deiminase ( arca) ... | 2017 | 28166707 |
| lysine-tryptophan-crosslinked peptides produced by radical sam enzymes in pathogenic streptococci. | macrocycles represent a common structural framework in many naturally occurring peptides. several strategies exist for macrocyclization, and the enzymes that incorporate them are of great interest, as they enhance our repertoire for creating complex molecules. we recently discovered a new peptide cyclization reaction involving a crosslink between the side chains of lysine and tryptophan that is installed by a radical sam enzyme. herein, we characterize relatives of this metalloenzyme from the pa ... | 2017 | 28191919 |
| syringa oblata lindl. aqueous extract is a potential biofilm inhibitor in s. suis. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) is a zoonotic pathogen that causes severe disease symptoms in pigs and humans. syringa oblata lindl. distributed in the middle latitudes of eurasia and north america were proved as the most development potential of chinese medicine. in this study, biofilm formation by s. suis decreased after growth with 1/2 mic, 1/4 mic, or 1/8 mic of syringa oblata lindl. aqueous extract and rutin. scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed the potential effect of syringa oblata ... | 2017 | 28194111 |
| transcriptomic analysis reveals selective metabolic adaptation of streptococcus suis to porcine blood and cerebrospinal fluid. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen that can cause severe pathologies such as septicemia and meningitis in its natural porcine host as well as in humans. establishment of disease requires not only virulence of the infecting strain but also an appropriate metabolic activity of the pathogen in its host environment. however, it is yet largely unknown how the streptococcal metabolism adapts to the different host niches encountered during infection. our previous isotopologue profiling studies o ... | 2017 | 28212285 |
| genotyping and investigating capsular polysaccharide synthesis gene loci of non-serotypeable streptococcus suis isolated from diseased pigs in canada. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) is an important swine pathogen and an emerging zoonotic agent. most clinical s. suis strains express capsular polysaccharides (cps), which can be typed by antisera using the coagglutination test. in this study, 79 s. suis strains recovered from diseased pigs in canada and which could not be typed using antisera were further characterized by capsular gene typing and sequencing. four patterns of cps locus were observed: (1) fifteen strains were grouped into previously ... | 2017 | 28219415 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial effect of nz2114 against streptococcus suis type 2 infection in mice peritonitis models. | nz2114 is a promising candidate for therapeutic application owing to potent activity to gram-positive bacterium such as streptococcus pneumoniae and staphylococcus aureus. this work is the first report to describe the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial characteristics of nz2114 against streptococcus suis. it exhibited strong antimicrobial activity against s. suis type 2 strains cvcc 606, cvcc 3309, and cvcc 3928 at a low minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) of 0.03-0.06 μm. the nz2114 killed o ... | 2017 | 28220445 |
| capsular serotypes, virulence-associated genes and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis isolates from pigs in korea. | streptococcus suis is an important pig pathogen with potential for human transmission. the serotype distributions and phenotypic characteristics vary over time and among regions; however, little is known about the characteristics of s. suis isolates in korea. in this study, 240 s. suis isolates collected from pigs in korea in 2009-2010 were serotyped by coagglutination tests, subsequently screened for three virulence-associated genes (mrp, epf and sly) and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility ... | 2017 | 28250312 |
| case report: two human streptococcus suis infections in borneo, sabah, malaysia. | streptococcus suis (s.suis) is increasingly being recognised as a potentially preventable emerging zoonotic infection in humans with a global distribution. it is a major cause of meningitis especially among those in contact with pigs and has also been associated with a toxic shock syndrome. | 2017 | 28257622 |
| critical streptococcus suis virulence factors: are they all really critical? | streptococcus suis is an important swine pathogen that can be transmitted to humans by contact with diseased animals or contaminated raw pork products. this pathogen possesses a coat of capsular polysaccharide (cps) that confers protection against the immune system. yet, the cps is not the only virulence factor enabling this bacterium to successfully colonize, invade, and disseminate in its host leading to severe systemic diseases such as meningitis and toxic shock-like syndrome. indeed, recent ... | 2017 | 28274524 |
| genome-wide analysis of a avirulent and reveal the strain induces pro-tective immunity against challenge with virulent streptococcus suis serotype 2. | it was previously reported in china that two recent large-scale outbreaks of streptococcus suis serotype 2 (s. suis 2) infections in human were caused by two highly virulent s. suis 2 strains, from which a novel genomic island (gei), associated with disease onset and progression and designated 89 k, was identified. here, an avirulent strain, 05has68, was isolated from a clinically healthy pig. | 2017 | 28292261 |
| better understanding of homologous recombination through a 12-week laboratory course for undergraduates majoring in biotechnology. | homologous recombination, a central concept in biology, is defined as the exchange of dna strands between two similar or identical nucleotide sequences. unfortunately, undergraduate students majoring in biotechnology often experience difficulties in understanding the molecular basis of homologous recombination. in this study, we developed and implemented a 12-week laboratory course for biotechnology undergraduates in which gene targeting in streptococcus suis was used to facilitate their underst ... | 2017 | 28314074 |
| streptococcus suis sortase a is ca2+ independent and is inhibited by acteoside, isoquercitrin and baicalin. | sortase a (srta) has long been recognized as an ideal drug target for therapeutic agents against gram-positive pathogens. however, the srta of streptococcus suis (ss-srta), an important zoonotic agent, has not been studied. in this study, the enzymatic properties of ss-srta were investigated, and inhibition of ss-srta by natural products was evaluated. ss-srta was expressed and purified. the purified recombinant ss-srta had maximal activity at ph 6.0-7.5, 45°c, and showed a km of 6.7 μm for the ... | 2017 | 28319184 |
| the eukaryote-like serine/threonine kinase stk regulates the growth and metabolism of zoonotic streptococcus suis. | like eukaryotes, bacteria express one or more serine/threonine kinases (stks) that initiate diverse signaling networks. the stk from streptococcus suis is encoded by a single-copy stk gene, which is crucial in stress response and virulence. to further understand the regulatory mechanism of stk in s. suis, a stk deletion strain (δstk) and its complementary strain (cδstk) were constructed to systematically decode stk characteristics by applying whole transcriptome rna sequencing (rna-seq) and phos ... | 2017 | 28326294 |
| porcine dendritic cells as an in vitro model to assess the immunological behaviour of streptococcus suis subunit vaccine formulations and the polarizing effect of adjuvants. | an in vitro porcine bone marrow-derived dendritic cell (dc) culture was developed as a model for evaluating immune polarization induced by adjuvants when administered with immunogens that may become vaccine candidates if appropriately formulated. the swine pathogen streptococcus suis was chosen as a prototype to evaluate proposed s. suis vaccine candidates in combination with the adjuvants poly i:c, quil a ®, alhydrogel ®, titermax gold ® and stimune ®. the toll-like receptor ligand poly i:c and ... | 2017 | 28327531 |
| survey of susceptibility to marbofloxacin in bacteria isolated from diseased pigs in europe. | a monitoring programme of marbofloxacin susceptibility of bacteria from europe causing respiratory tract infection and meningitis in pigs has been active since 1994 and 2002, respectively. monitoring digestive, metritis and urinary tract infection (uti) in pigs has been active since 2005 and susceptibility results until 2013 are presented. minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) was determined by broth microdilution. for mic interpretation, vétoquinol-evaluated breakpoints were applied. for diges ... | 2017 | 28348142 |
| streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains isolated in argentina (south america) are different from those recovered in north america and present a higher risk for humans. | streptococcus suis serotype 2 is an important swine pathogen and emerging zoonotic agent causing meningitis and septicemia/septic shock. strains are usually virulent (eurasia) or of intermediate/low virulence (north america). very few data regarding human and swine isolates from south america are available. | 2016 | 28348788 |
| the non-conserved region of mrp is involved in the virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | muramidase-released protein (mrp) of streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) is an important epidemic virulence marker with an unclear role in bacterial infection. to investigate the biological functions of mrp, three mutants named δmrp, δmrp domain 1 (δmrp-d1), and δmrp domain 2 (δmrp-d2) were constructed to assess the phenotypic changes between the parental strain and the mutant strains. the results indicated that mrp domain 1 (mrp-d1, the non-conserved region of mrp from a virulent strain, a.a. 2 ... | 2017 | 28362221 |
| morin attenuates streptococcus suis pathogenicity in mice by neutralizing suilysin activity. | streptococcus suis, a gram-positive pathogen, is widely recognized as an important agent of swine infection, and it is also known to cause a variety of zoonoses, such as meningitis, polyarthritis and pneumonia. suilysin (sly), an extracellular pore-forming toxin that belongs to the cholesterol-dependent cytolysin family, is an essential virulence factor of s. suis capsular type 2 (ss2). here, we found that morin hydrate (morin), a natural flavonoid that lacks anti-ss2 activity, inhibits the hemo ... | 2017 | 28373868 |
| streptococcus suis serotype 2 biofilms inhibit the formation of neutrophil extracellular traps. | invasive infections caused by streptococcus suis serotype 2 (ss2) has emerged as a clinical problem in recent years. neutrophil extracellular traps (nets) are an important mechanism for the trapping and killing of pathogens that are resistant to phagocytosis. biofilm formation can protect bacteria from being killed by phagocytes. until now, there have only been a few studies that focused on the interactions between bacterial biofilms and nets. ss2 in both a biofilm state and a planktonic cell st ... | 2017 | 28373968 |
| a locus encoding variable defence systems against invading dna identified in streptococcus suis. | streptococcus suis, an important zoonotic pathogen, is known to have an open pan-genome and to develop a competent state. in s. suis, limited genetic lineages are suggested to be associated with zoonosis. however, little is known about the evolution of diversified lineages and their respective phenotypic or ecological characteristics. in this study, we performed comparative genome analyses of s. suis, with a focus on the competence genes, mobile genetic elements (mges), and genetic elements rela ... | 2017 | 28379509 |
| interaction of factor h-binding protein of streptococcus suis with globotriaosylceramide promotes the development of meningitis. | streptococcus suis is an important emerging zoonotic agent that causes acute bacterial meningitis in humans with high mortality and morbidity. our previous work showed that factor h-binding protein (fhb) contributed to virulence of s. suis, but the role of fhb in the development of s. suis meningitis remained unclear. in this study, we demonstrated for the first time that fhb contributed to the traversal of s. suis across the human blood-brain barrier by allelic-exchange mutagenesis, complementa ... | 2017 | 28402705 |
| streptococcal adhesin p (sadp) contributes to streptococcus suis adhesion to the human intestinal epithelium. | streptococcus suis is a zoonotic pathogen, causing meningitis and septicemia. we previously demonstrated that the gastrointestinal tract (git) is an entry site for zoonotic s. suis infection. here we studied the contribution of streptococcal adhesin protein (sadp) to host-pathogen interaction at git level. | 2017 | 28407026 |
| evaluation of the immunomodulatory properties of streptococcus suis and group b streptococcus capsular polysaccharides on the humoral response. | streptococcus suis and group b streptococcus (gbs) are encapsulated streptococci causing septicemia and meningitis. antibodies (abs) against capsular polysaccharides (cpss) have a crucial protective role, but the structure/composition of the cps, including the presence of sialic acid, may interfere with the generation of anti-cps ab responses. we investigated the features of the cps-specific ab response directed against s. suis serotypes 2 and 14 and gbs serotypes iii and v after infection or im ... | 2017 | 28425925 |
| expression and characterization of serotype 2 streptococcus suis arginine deiminase. | arginine deiminase (arca) has been speculated to facilitate the intracellular survival of streptococcus suis under acidic conditions. however, the physical and biological properties and function of ss2-arca have not yet been elucidated. | 2017 | 28456803 |
| muramidase-released protein of streptococcus suis: new insight into its impact on virulence. | 2017 | 28467144 | |
| draft genome sequence of clinical strain tani1 of streptococcus suis serotype 5 isolated from a bacteremia patient in japan. | streptococcus suis is a swine pathogen that causes severe economic damage to the porcine industry. it occasionally evokes zoonotic infection in humans. here, we report a draft genome sequence of a s. suis serotype 5 strain isolated from a bacteremia patient that was reported by taniyama et al. (d. taniyama, m. sakurai, t. sakai, t. kikuchi, and t. takahashi, idcases 6:36-38, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idcr.2016.09.011). | 2017 | 28473377 |
| potentially hazardous streptococcus suis strains latent in asymptomatic pigs in a major swine production area of thailand. | carrier pigs have been considered as the major reservoir of streptococcus suis and couldbe a significant source of human infection. therefore, we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of latent s. suis in asymptomatic pigs in the pig-farming area of central thailand, and compared the data to those previously reported in other regions. | 2017 | 28516843 |
| differences in microbiota membership along the gastrointestinal tract of piglets and their differential alterations following an early-life antibiotic intervention. | early-life antibiotic interventions can change the predisposition to disease by disturbing the gut microbiota. however, the impact of antibiotics on gut microbiota in the gastrointestinal tract is not completely understood, although antibiotic-induced alterations in the distal gut have been reported. here, employing a piglet model, the microbial composition was analyzed by high-throughput 16s rrna gene sequencing and picrust predictions of metagenome function. the present study showed clear spat ... | 2017 | 28536561 |
| pathogen-reactive t helper cell analysis in the pig. | there is growing interest in studying host-pathogen interactions in human-relevant large animal models such as the pig. despite the progress in developing immunological reagents for porcine t cell research, there is an urgent need to directly assess pathogen-specific t cells-an extremely rare population of cells, but of upmost importance in orchestrating the host immune response to a given pathogen. here, we established that the activation marker cd154 (cd40l), known from human and mouse studies ... | 2017 | 28567041 |
| comparison of asian porcine high fever disease isolates of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus to united states isolates for their ability to cause disease and secondary bacterial infection in swine. | epidemiologic data from asian outbreaks of highly-pathogenic (hp) porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (prrsv) suggest that disease severity was associated with both the virulence of the prrsv isolates and secondary bacterial infections. previous reports have indicated that u.s. isolates of prrsv predispose to secondary bacterial infections as well, but the severity of disease that occurred in asia in pigs infected with these hp-prrsv strains has not been reported in the u.s. the ... | 2017 | 28619168 |
| prevalence of multiple drug resistant streptococcus suis in and around guwahati, india. | this study was conducted to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of streptococcus suis and their resistance patterns isolated from both clinically healthy carriers and diseased pigs in and around guwahati, assam, india. | 2017 | 28620262 |
| the streptococcus suis factor h-binding protein: a key to unlocking the blood-brain barrier and access the central nervous system? | 2017 | 28622084 | |
| streptococcus suis serotype 9 strain gz0565 contains a type vii secretion system putative substrate esxa that contributes to bacterial virulence and a vanz-like gene that confers resistance to teicoplanin and dalbavancin in streptococcus agalactiae. | streptococcus suis (ss), an important pathogen for pigs, is not only considered as a zoonotic agent for humans, but is also recognized as a major reservoir of antimicrobial resistance contributing to the spread of resistance genes to other pathogenic streptococcus species. in addition to serotype 2 (ss2), serotype 9 (ss9) is another prevalent serotype isolated from diseased pigs. although many ss strains have been sequenced, the complete genome of a non-ss2 virulent strain has been unavailable t ... | 2017 | 28622857 |
| the manganese efflux system mnte contributes to the virulence of streptococcus suis serotype 2. | manganese is an essential micronutrient to bacteria and plays an important role in bacterial physiology. however, an excess of manganese is extremely deleterious to the cell. the manganese efflux system is used to control intracellular manganese levels by some bacteria. in this study, we have identified a cation efflux family protein (mnte) that functions as a manganese export system in streptococcus suis serotype 2. to investigate the role of mnte in s. suis 2, a mnte deletion mutant (δmnte) an ... | 2017 | 28629722 |
| preferential aerosolization of bacteria in bioaerosols generated in vitro. | little is known about how bacteria are aerosolized in terms of whether some bacteria will be found in the air more readily than others that are present in the source. this report describes in vitro experiments to compare aerosolization rates (also known as preferential aerosolization) of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria as well as rod- and coccus-shaped bacteria, using two nebulization conditions. | 2017 | 28632907 |
| a single amino acid polymorphism in the glycosyltransferase cpsk defines four streptococcus suis serotypes. | the capsular polysaccharide (cps) is the major virulence factor of the emerging zoonotic pathogen streptococcus suis. cps differences are also the basis for serological differentiation of the species into 29 serotypes. serotypes 2 and 1/2, which possess identical gene content in their cps loci, express cpss that differ only by substitution of galactose (gal) by n-acetylgalactosamine (galnac) in the cps side chain. the same sugar substitution differentiates the cps of serotypes 14 and 1, whose cp ... | 2017 | 28642597 |
| rutin inhibits streptococcus suis biofilm formation by affecting cps biosynthesis. | streptococcus suis (s. suis) form biofilms and causes severe diseases in humans and pigs. biofilms are communities of microbes embedded in a matrix of extracellular polymeric substances. eradicating biofilms with the use of antibiotics or biocides is often ineffective and needs replacement with other potential agents. compared to conventional agents, promising and potential alternatives are biofilm-inhibiting compounds without impairing growth. here, we screened a s. suis adhesion inhibitor, rut ... | 2017 | 28670278 |