Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| [clinical and laboratory significance of inducible beta-lactamases]. | many species of bacteria have inducible expression of beta-lactamase and the enzyme production in these bacteria is normally held at a low level by a repressor mechanism, but in the presence of a beta-lactamase inducer this repression is lifted and enzyme production is greatly increased. inducible synthesis of beta-lactamase was first described for the gram-positive organism bacillus licheniformis. after that inducible expression of beta-lactamase was discovered in gram-negative bacteria like en ... | 1995 | 8643019 |
| the role of residues glutamate-50 and phenylalanine-496 in zymomonas mobilis pyruvate decarboxylase. | several enzymes require thiamine diphosphate (thdp) as an essential cofactor, and we have used one of these, pyruvate decarboxylase (pdc; ec 4.1.1.1) from zymomonas mobilis, as a model for this group of enzymes. it is well suited for this purpose because of its stability, ease of purification, homotetrameric subunit structure and simple kinetic properties. crystallographic analyses of three thdp-dependent enzymes [müller, lindqvist, furey, schulz, jordan and schneider (1993) structure 1, 95-103] ... | 1996 | 8645153 |
| modifying the specificity and activity of the enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase by mutagenesis within an m13 phage vector. | a library of enterobacter cloacae p99 beta-lactamase mutants was produced to investigate the importance of residues 286-290 for substrate binding and catalysis and to characterize mutants with altered specificities and activities for various 3'-substituted cephalosporins. this region of the enzyme is a component of the active site that has not been implicated as participating in the catalytic mechanism but, based on molecular modeling, should contact the 3' substituents of cephalosporins. random ... | 1996 | 8652552 |
| biochemical profiles and serotypes of nosocomial enterobacter cloacae strains in northern norway: biochemical identification problems with commercial test systems. | during a period of 2 years, 118 strains of enterobacter cloacae were collected consecutively in connection with nosocomial infections in northern norway; identified by conventional methods and by the api 20e system. the api 20e profile 3305573 predominated and was present in 73 of 118 strains. among 96 serotyped strains, 73 were serotypable, 20 nontypable and two polyagglutinable. predominating serotypes were 3 (29 strains), 8 (21 strains) and 23 (nine strains). when the api 20e profiles of the ... | 1995 | 8655203 |
| in vitro activity of cefpirome against selected clinical enterobacterial isolates with beta-lactamase-mediated resistance. | previous studies have shown that there is a high incidence of resistance to cephalosporins among enterobacteria isolated in greek hospitals. this resistance is mainly due to either the derepression of chromosomal cephalosporinases or the acquisition of plasmids coding for shv-5 type beta-lactamase. in the present study the activity of cefpirome against a number of enterobacteria (escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter aerogenes and serratia marcescens) posses ... | 1995 | 8655212 |
| characterization of a cys115 to asp substitution in the escherichia coli cell wall biosynthetic enzyme udp-glcnac enolpyruvyl transferase (mura) that confers resistance to inactivation by the antibiotic fosfomycin. | the antibiotic fosfomycin inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis by inactivation of udp-glcnac enolpyruvyl tranferase (mura). prior work has established that cys115 of escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae mura is the active site nucleophile alkylated by fosfomycin and implicated this residue in the formation of a covalent phospholactyl-enzyme adduct derived from substrate, phosphoenolpyruvate (pep). on the basis of sequencing information from putative mura homolog from mycobacterium tube ... | 1996 | 8664284 |
| antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase among clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in riyadh. | the activity of ciprofloxacin, imipenem and 12 other commonly used antibiotics was evaluated against 106 documented clinical isolates from a medical intensive care unit (icu). the resistance rates to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, aztreonam and ceftazidime were 42, 25, 24 and 21%, respectively. apart from pseudomonas aeruginosa, all isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin and imipenem. complete cross resistance among tested beta-lactam groups was uniformly evident in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter ... | 1995 | 8667034 |
| phosphonamidate analogues of dipeptides with carboxypeptidase a and beta-lactamase-inhibitory activity: elucidation of the mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition by electrospray mass spectrometry. | a series of phosphonamidate compounds with different p1' amino acid residues have been shown to be irreversible inactivators of the serine beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae p99. the efficiency of inhibition (based on k2/k values) of p99 by these derivatives, ordered in decreasing potency, is: beta-phenyl-beta-ala > l-phe > beta-ala > gly > d-phe > d-pro > d-thiazolidine. the d- and l-phe compounds also inhibit carboxypeptidase a. the proline and thiazolidine derivatives were phosphonamida ... | 1996 | 8670057 |
| ultraviolet-b lethal damage on pseudomonas aeruginosa. | pseudomonas aeruginosa has shown an increased sensitivity compared with that of escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae, when they were exposed to 0.4 kj/m2 of ultraviolet-b radiation. the rapid decay in cell viability observed in pseudomonas aeruginosa after the irradiation was influenced by factors such as culture media and the presence of pyocyanine during the irradiation. the radioinduced lethal damage could be prevented by photoreactivating treatment, indicating that pyrimidine dimer form ... | 1996 | 8672096 |
| comparative activity of eight antimicrobial agents against clinical bacterial isolates from the united states, measured by two methods. | in a surveillance study conducted during 1992-1993 at 83 medical institutions of different types and sizes (e.g., laboratories, community hospitals, teaching hospitals) and from different geographical areas of the united states, clinical bacterial isolates were tested for their susceptibility to eight comparative antimicrobial agents (cefepime, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, and piperacillin). a total of 12,574 isolates were tested by either the etest ... | 1996 | 8678094 |
| [variation in transfer resistance to cefotaxime, ceftazidime and aztreonam in strains of acinetobacter sp., enterobacter sp. and citrobacter sp. isolated from the same university hospitals]. | in the last decade were in sr documented new problems in resistance to the newer antibiotics that with regard to their structure and antibacterial properties resisted to the known mechanism of bacterial resistance. the emergence of multiple drug resistance to the new betalactams is connected both with frequent application of these drugs in the hospitals and transfer of r plasmids. | 1996 | 8681362 |
| a simple gel electrophoretic method for analyzing the muropeptide composition of bacterial peptidoglycan. | the muropeptide composition of bacterial peptidoglycan is currently most efficiently determined by reverse-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography (hplc). though sensitive, the hplc procedure is technically demanding and has been applied to a relatively small number of bacterial strains and species. we have found that fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis (face) is a simple, rapid method by which reducing muropeptides from multiple peptidoglycan samples can be visualized. individu ... | 1996 | 8682805 |
| [characteristics of multiresistant gram-negative bacteria and their occurrence at the medical school hospital in olomouc]. | currently, a persistent growth of bacterial resistance to antibiotics takes place. multiresistant bacterial strains thus represent a serious danger for therapy in practice. the aim of the study was to characterize the multiresistant gram-negative bacteria and to judge their antibiograms by using the minimum inhibition concentrations (mic). at the same time the study evaluates the relations to the most frequent diagnoses and epidemiologic data concerning the occurrence of these strains in differe ... | 1996 | 8689319 |
| [clinical relevance of gram-negative bacteria having inducible chromosomic beta-lactamase at an intensive care unit]. | the aim of the study was to determine the frequency of third-generation cephalosporins and aztreonam resistance in gram-negative bacteria with inducible chromosomal beta-lactamase (beta lac-ind) after beta-lactam therapy in the medical-surgical intensive care unit (icu) at a university-affiliated hospital. | 1996 | 8695687 |
| [an investigation into antibiotic resistance and plasmid pattern of enterobacter cloacae in burn infection]. | in view of a high positive isolation rate and resistance to antibiotics of enterobacter cloacae in our department, 32 strains of e. cloacae, which were isolated from blood and infected wounds of burned patients from june through november 1990, were randomly selected to determine their susceptibility to 21 antibiotics and their plasmid patterns. it was found that 29 of 32 strains were resistant to at least nine antibiotics, while the other three strains were relatively sensitive. 27 of 32 strains ... | 1995 | 8697242 |
| [pathogenic bacteria isolated from the sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema]. | isolated pathogenic bacteria from sputum of the patients with pulmonary emphysema who were admitted in our hospital from 1984 to 1994 were examined to elucidate the relationship between isolated bacteria from sputum and pulmonary functions including vital capacity (vc), forced expiratory volume (fev1.0), pao2 and paco2. vc of the patients from whom mssa (methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus) or enterococcus faecalis (e. faecalis) were isolated was significantly lower than that of the pati ... | 1995 | 8708405 |
| piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of hospitalized patients with urinary tract infections: an open non-comparative and multicentered trial. | the aim of this multicentered, prospective and open study was to determine the clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of piperacillin/tazobactam (4g/500 mg iv tid) in the treatment of 79 adult patients with complicated urinary tract infections (uti) requiring hospitalization. forty-seven women and 32 men (mean age 54.2 years, and range 21-91) from 4 argentinean and 6 mexican hospitals were enrolled. sixty-one clinically and bacteriologically evaluable patients were treated for a mean o ... | 1996 | 8708743 |
| [treatment of an exposed femorol-popliteal bypass: ex-situ replacement]. | from december 1990 to july 1995 we performed 171 sub-inguinal revascularizations including 35 popliteal revascularizations and 146 revascularizations of an artery in the leg or foot. five cases of infection were observed within a delay of 7 and 25 days after the operation. there were 3 men and 2 women (mean age 78 years). four femoro-tibial bypasses were made for critical ischaemia (2 necroses of the toes, one eschar of the heal, one stage iii). there was one femoro-popliteal bypass which was as ... | 1996 | 8713385 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antibacterial activity of lb10517, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum. | lb10517 is a new injectable cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. lb10517 inhibited 90% of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa) at 0.25 mg/l (mic90), and was 8-fold more active than cefpirome. lb10517 was two- or four-fold more active than cefpirome against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus epidermidis (msse), streptococcus pyogenes and enterococcus faecalis. both methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa) ... | 1996 | 8722537 |
| differences in the resistant variants of enterobacter cloacae selected by extended-spectrum cephalosporins. | the rates of development of resistance to ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, cefepime, and cefpirome in 10 strains of enterobacter cloacae were determined by daily transfer for 7 days to fresh medium containing twofold serial dilutions of the antibiotics. development of resistance to ceftriaxone was the most rapid; this was followed by ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. resistant variants selected by ceftriaxone and ceftazidime were cross-resistant and produced very high levels of beta-lactamase. on t ... | 1996 | 8723487 |
| gram-negative bacteremia in open-heart-surgery patients traced to probable tap-water contamination of pressure-monitoring equipment. | to determine the cause(s) of an outbreak of gram-negative bacteremia (gnb) in open-heart-surgery (ohs) patients at hospital a. | 1996 | 8727616 |
| isolation and modulation of growth of a colonization-impaired strain of enterobacter cloacae in cucumber spermosphere. | enterobacter cloacae a-46 was isolated for use in an environmental containment strategy for genetically modified derivative strains with enhanced biocontrol activity. the population of e. cloacae a-46, a transposon mutant of the plant-beneficial bacterium e. cloacae 501r3, increased 10-fold (significant increase at p < or = 0.05) in cucumber spermosphere when applied to cucumber seeds along with casamino acids. in contrast, strain a-46 was incapable of proliferation in cucumber spermosphere in t ... | 1996 | 8742359 |
| comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: results of eight european countries. | in this multicenter study conducted in eight european countries, 13,173 pathogens--all isolated from community-acquired infections in 1992 and 1993--were evaluated for their susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, amoxycillin plus clavulanic acid, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, five in germany, in the netherlands and switzerland, four in greece and spain, three in hungary and one in finland contrib ... | 1996 | 8751263 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from patients with urinary tract infections (1994). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the frequencies of isolation and susceptibilities to antimicrobial agents were investigated on 567 bacterial strains isolated from patients with urinary tract infections in 10 hospitals during the period of june 1994 to may 1995. of the above total bacterial isolates, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 26.8% and a majority of them were enterococcus faecalis. gram-negative bacteria accounted for 73.2% and most of them were escherichia coli. 1. enterococcus faecalis. ampicillin (abpc) and imipen ... | 1996 | 8752862 |
| [kinetics of bactericidal activity of cefepime and cefpirome alone or combined with gentamicin, amikacin or ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobacter cloacae hyperproductive in cephalosporinase]. | nosocomial infections encountered in intensive care units are frequently due to gram negative bacilli among which stenotrophomonas maltophilia, acinetobacter sp., and enterobacter sp. the aim of the present study was to evaluate the in vitro bactericidal activity of the new broad spectrum cephalosporins cefepime (fep) and cefpirome (cpo) alone or in combination with amikacin (akn), gentamicin (gtn) or ciprofloxacin (cip) against acinetobacter baumannii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia and enterobac ... | 1996 | 8758478 |
| [current aspects of the fecal flora of the newborn without antibiotherapy during the first 7 days of life: enterobacteriaceae, enterococci, staphylococci]. | last years, il became obvious that the colonization pattern described in 1976-1978 was no more valid: early colonization by enterobacteriaceae at the 2-3 rd day of life in all newborns, with constant presence of antibioresistant strainseven in non treated newborns. to establish the new pattern of colonization, the same quantitative method of dilution and culture on selective media was used daily from day 1 to day 7 (5 days only for m). the number of enterobacteriaceae, enterococci and staphyloco ... | 1996 | 8758487 |
| [in vitro study of antibacterial activity of cefepime (axepim) against gram negative bacteria: comparison with cephalosporins and other beta-lactams]. | the susceptibility to cefepime and to other beta-lactams of 1017 inducible cephalosporinase-producing enterobacteria, 897 pseudomonas aeruginosa strains, and 295 acinetobacter baumanii strains was studied over a two-year period (july 1, 1993 to june 30, 1995). the isolates were from patients in visceral surgery, intensive care, and clinical hematology wards. cefepime was compared to other third-generation cephalosporins and to imipenem, aztreonam, and the piperacillin-tazobactam combination. cef ... | 1996 | 8761598 |
| a comparative study of the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter identification system and the biomerieux api20e and api20ne identification systems after overnight incubation. | the bbl crystal enteric/nonfermenter (crystal, becton dickinson microbiology systems) is a new multi-test identification system for gram negative rods requiring no oil overlay or addition of reagents. one hundred and three selected gram negative rod isolates from routine clinical specimens were tested in parallel using the appropriate api20e or api20ne (biomerieux) reading after overnight incubation. the isolates included in the study, and the number tested, were as follows: acinetobacter sp, 8; ... | 1995 | 8771156 |
| [the anticomplement activity of the commercial strain of bacillus cereus ip 5832 and of enterobacteria when cocultured]. | bacillus cereus production strain ip 5832 of the preparation "bactisubtil" has been characterized with respect to its anticomplementary activity (aca) and the parameters of its heterogeneity in the process of adaptation to trypticase-soybean medium and during cultivation in anaerobic conditions have been determined. the cultivation of b.cereus strain ip 5832 jointly with escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and klebsiella pneumoniae strains, isolated in enteric disbiosis, affects aca in differ ... | 1996 | 8771743 |
| crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase of enterobacter cloacae. | single crystals of udp-n-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyltransferase of enterobacter cloacae have been grown by vapor diffusion using phosphate buffer as the precipitant. the crystals belong to the monoclinic space group c2 with a = 86.9 a, b = 155.9 a, c = 83.8 a, beta = 91.6 degrees. assuming two monomers per asymmetric unit, the solvent content of these crystals is 63%. flash-frozen crystals diffract to beyond 2 a resolution. | 1996 | 8776890 |
| [in vitro antibacterial activity of a new parenteral penem, sulopenem]. | eighty percent minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic80) of sulopenem against clinically isolated 12 to 80 strains of each of different bacteria were as follows: methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mssa): 0.20 micrograms/ml, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa): 50 micrograms/ml, coagulase-negative staphylococci: 3.13 micrograms/ml, streptococcus pyogenes: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, streptococcus pneumoniae: < or = 0.013 microgram/ml, beta-streptococci: 0.05 microgram/ml, enterococc ... | 1996 | 8786624 |
| [antibacterial activity of sulopenem, a new parenteral penem antibiotic]. | sulopenem, a new penem antibiotic, was compared with other antibiotics with regard to in vitro antibacterial and bactericidal activities, stabilization against beta-lactamases, and effect on the release of lipopolysaccharide from gram-negative bacteria. the results are summarized as follows. 1. sulopenem showed more potent activities than other antibiotics against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria except pseudomonas aeruginosa. 2. sulopenem showed potent bactericidal activities (mic/ ... | 1996 | 8786625 |
| serum bactericidal activities and comparative pharmacokinetics of meropenem and imipenem-cilastatin. | the pharmacokinetics and serum bactericidal activities (sbas) of imipenem and meropenem were investigated in a randomized crossover study. twelve healthy male volunteers received a constant 30-min infusion of either 1 g of imipenem plus 1 g of cilastatin or 1 g of meropenem. the concentrations of the drugs in serum and urine were determined by bioassay and high-pressure liquid chromatography. pharmacokinetic parameters were based on an open two-compartment model and a noncompartmental technique. ... | 1996 | 8787889 |
| enterobacter cloacae producing a shiga-like toxin ii-related cytotoxin associated with a case of hemolytic-uremic syndrome. | two shiga-like toxin-producing organisms were isolated from the feces of an infant with hemolytic-uremic syndrome by pcr followed by colony blot hybridization. one strain was identified as escherichia coli or:h9, while the other was identified as enterobacter cloacae. both isolates were highly cytotoxic for vero cells, and southern hybridization analysis of chromosomal dna indicated that both contained a single slt-ii-related gene and that these genes were located on similarly sized restriction ... | 1996 | 8789041 |
| antibacterial activity of helichrysum pedunculatum used in circumcision rites. | antibacterial assays of helichrysum pedunculatum showed that dichloromethane extracts are active against all the gram positive bacteria tested, as well as two gram negative bacteria, enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens. a water extract was effective against staphylococcus aureus and micrococcus kristinae, while a methanol extract showed no activity against any of the tested organisms. the antibacterial activity of dichloromethane extract was also investigated by direct bioassay on tlc p ... | 1996 | 8807475 |
| abscedation of posterior fossa dermoid cysts. | dermoid cysts of the posterior fossa are uncommon. when associated with a dermal sinus, these cysts are often diagnosed during early childhood. the main risk of such an association is contamination of the cyst leading to abscedation of the dermoid itself or formation of daughter abscesses within the cerebellar hemisphere. we recently treated a 20-month-old girl who had a congenital dermal sinus leading to an intradural dermoid cyst. in addition to the midline dermoid cyst, computerized tomograph ... | 1996 | 8816296 |
| adhesive properties and antibiotic resistance of klebsiella, enterobacter, and serratia clinical isolates involved in nosocomial infections. | intestinal colonization by klebsiella, enterobacter, and serratia (kes) strains is a crucial step in the development of nosocomial infections. we studied the adhesive properties, antibiotic resistance, and involvement in colonization or infection of 103 kes clinical isolates: 30 klebsiella pneumoniae (29%), 16 klebsiella oxytoca (15%), 30 enterobacter aerogenes (29%), 14 enterobacter cloacae (14%), and 13 serratia sp. (13%) isolates. half of them were resistant to several antimicrobial agents, i ... | 1996 | 8818891 |
| polymicrobial gram-negative bacteremia associated with saline solution flush used with a needleless intravenous system. | during a 2-week period, seven cases of nosocomial polymicrobial gram-negative rod bacteremia occurred on a 39-bed medical and cardiac step-down unit. combinations of enterobacter cloacae (seven isolates), klebsiella pneumoniae (five isolates), and citrobacter freundii (two isolates) were isolated from blood cultures. | 1995 | 8821111 |
| enterobacter kobei sp. nov., a new species of the family enterobacteriaceae resembling enterobacter cloacae. | the name enterobacter kobei sp. nov. is proposed for a group of organisms referred to as nih group 21 at the national institute of health, tokyo. the members of this species are gram-negative, motile rods conforming to the definition of the family enterobacteriaceae. the dna relatedness of 23 strains of nih group 21 to the representative proposed as the type strain of this species averaged 82% at 70 degrees c, whereas the relatedness to other species within the family enterobacteriaceae was less ... | 1996 | 8824173 |
| the role of n-actylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid-d-alanine for the induction of beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae. | the mechanism of beta-lactamase induction in enterobacter cloacae which is linked to the peptidoglycan recycling, was investigated by hplc analysis of cell wall fragments in genetically defined cells. it is demonstrated here that the transmembrane protein ampg transports not only the precursor muropeptide of m-tripeptide (n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), the d-tripeptide (n-actylglucosaminyl-1,6 anhydro n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamyl-meso-diaminopimelic acid), ... | 1996 | 8837381 |
| group of peptides that act synergistically with hydrophobic antibiotics against gram-negative enteric bacteria. | a synthetic peptide, kffkffkffk [corrected], consisting of cationic lysine residues and hydrophobic phenylalanine residues was found to sensitize gram-negative bacteria to hydrophobic and amphipathic antibiotics. at a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml, it decreased the mic of rifampin for smooth, encapsulated escherichia coli by a factor of 300. other susceptible bacterial species included enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and salmonella typhimurium, but pseudomonas aeruginosa was resi ... | 1996 | 8843284 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of lb10522, a new catecholic cephalosporin. | in vitro activity of lb10522 was compared with those of cefpirome, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone against clinical isolates. against gram-positive bacteria, lb10522 was most active among the compounds tested. it was fourfold more active than cefpirome against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and enterococcus faecalis. lb10522 was highly effective against most members of the family enterobacteriaceae tested. ninety percent of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxyto ... | 1996 | 8843288 |
| comparison of three different in vitro methods of detecting synergy: time-kill, checkerboard, and e test. | an in vitro method of detecting synergy which is simple to perform, accurate, and reproducible and has the potential for clinical extrapolation is desirable. time-kill and checkerboard methods are the most widely used techniques to assess synergy but are time-consuming and labor-intensive. the epsilometer test (e test), a less technically demanding test, has not been well studied for synergy testing. we performed synergy testing of escherichia coli atcc 35218, enterobacter cloacae atcc 23355, ps ... | 1996 | 8843303 |
| comparative characterization of the cephamycinase blacmy-1 gene and its relationship with other beta-lactamase genes. | a plasmidic beta-lactamase which hydrolyzed cephamycins was first detected and reported in 1989. at that time its description was restricted to phenotypic characteristics. we analyzed nucleotide sequence of its gene and explored it genetic relationship with other bla genes. the deduced amino acid sequence of the blacmy-1 product was compared with those of other known plasmidic cephamycinases and of chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases. the results indicate that the relationship of cmy-1 is closest t ... | 1996 | 8843306 |
| sequencing and analysis of four new enterobacter ampd alleles. | sequences of ampd genes from wild-type, temperature-sensitive, and stably derepressed mutants of the wild-type strain of enterobacter cloacae 029 and the hyperinducible strain e. cloacae 1194e were determined and compared with the ampd gene of the wild-type strain e. cloacae 14. seventy nucleotide differences were found between the wild-type sequences, resulting in 13 amino acid changes. the deduced amino acid changes do not correspond to published ampc regulation mutations and expand the number ... | 1996 | 8843314 |
| bacterial reduction of n-oxides of tobacco-specific nitrosamines (tsna). | 1. contrary to established metabolic pattern, a recent investigation of nnk metabolism produced in rat urine higher levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (nnk) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (nnal) than their n-oxides, suggesting that reconversion of n-oxides could occur after urine formation. 2. to verify the possible role of bacteria in the reduction of nnk-n-oxide and nnal-n-oxide to their respective parent compounds, nnk and nnal, in smokers with urinary ... | 1996 | 8845223 |
| [utility of pyrrolidonyl-arylamidase detection for typing enterobacteriaceae and non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria]. | detection of pyrrolidonyl-aryl-amidase activity (pyr) is an important tool to identify gram-positive cocci, such as staphylococci, enterococci, streptococci, and other related genera. however, only few studies evaluating its usefulness with gram-negative rods have been published. thus, a prospective study including 542 and 215 unique clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative gram-negative rods, respectively, was undertaken. strains were identified by conventional methods. pyr ... | 1995 | 8850133 |
| [plasmid size determination using 3 methods]. | analysis of bacterial plasmid profiles has been shown to be very important in epidemiological studies, especially those involving outbreaks of nosocomial infections. the molecular weight size of unknown plasmids is determined by comparing their band pattern obtained in agarose gel electrophoresis with those obtained with plasmids that have been used as molecular weight or size standards. in this study, we determined the size of plasmids present in clinical samples of enterobacter cloacae compari ... | 1995 | 8850340 |
| the roles of residues tyr150, glu272, and his314 in class c beta-lactamases. | serine beta-lactamases contribute widely to the beta-lactam resistance phenomena. unfortunately, the intimate details of their catalytic mechanism remain elusive and subject to some controversy even though many "natural" and "artificial" mutants of these different enzymes have been isolated. this paper is essentially focused on class c beta-lactamases, which contain a tyr (tyr150) as the first residue of the second conserved element, in contrast to their class a counterparts, in which a ser is f ... | 1996 | 8865342 |
| the origin, by mutation, of high level resistance to ceftazidime and cefotaxime in a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae. | although strains of enterobacter sp. produce a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase, they have been, in general, susceptible to cefotaxime or ceftazidime. but now resistance to ceftazidime has increased in nosocomial enterobacter strains, reaching the level of 40%. a chromosomal mutation in the amp operon coding the production of ampc type beta-lactamase may cause a change in the conversion of a susceptible strain of enterobacter to a highly resistant mutant. the production of ampc enzyme is inducibl ... | 1996 | 8873831 |
| combination antimicrobial therapy for bacterial infections. guidelines for the clinician. | therapy with antimicrobial combinations has been used as long as antimicrobials have been available. combinations of antibiotics are often used to take advantage of different mechanisms of action and/or toxicity profiles. well established indications for combination antimicrobial therapy include: (a) empirical treatment of life-threatening infections; (b) treatment of polymicrobial infections; (c) prevention of the emergence of bacterial resistance; and (d) for synergism. disadvantages of combin ... | 1996 | 8875129 |
| a rob-like gene of enterobacter cloacae affecting porin synthesis and susceptibility to multiple antibiotics. | a chromosomal gene of enterobacter cloacae affecting the synthesis of major outer membrane proteins in e. cloacae and escherichia coli was cloned by using selection for resistance to cefoxitin in e. coli. the presence of the gene, when plasmid-borne, led to a decrease in the amount of porin f in e. cloacae and the amount of ompf in e. coli and caused 2- to 32-fold increases in the mics of chloramphenicol, tetracycline, quinolones, and beta-lactam antibiotics. the gene encoded a 33-kda protein, s ... | 1996 | 8878575 |
| characterization of imi-1 beta-lactamase, a class a carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme from enterobacter cloacae. | in 1984, a year prior to the u.s. approval of imipenem for clinical use, a wound isolate and a bile isolate of enterobacter cloacae were obtained from two patients in a california hospital. these isolates were resistant to imipenem, penicillins, and inhibitor combinations; early cephalosporins such as cephalothin, cefamandole, and cefoxitin; and cefoperazone. however, they were susceptible (mics, < 4 micrograms/ml) to cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and moxalactam. both strains produced an ... | 1996 | 8878585 |
| location of n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamylmesodiaminopimelic acid, presumed signal molecule for beta-lactamase induction, in the bacterial cell. | using a chromatographic method for the isolation and detection of periplasmic and cytoplasmic muropeptides avoiding radioactive labeling, we found that in the ampd-negative strain jrg582 the anhydromuropeptide n-acetylmuramyl-l-alanyl-d-glutamylmesodiaminopimelic acid (anhmurnac tripeptide) accumulates not only in the cytoplasm but also in the periplasm. simultaneously jrg582 carrying the enterobacter cloacae genes ampc and ampr, which are necessary for the induction of beta-lactamase expression ... | 1996 | 8878601 |
| characterization of a nosocomial outbreak involving an epidemic plasmid encoding for tem-27 in salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype othmarschen. | a ceftazidime-resistant salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serotype othmarschen strain, harboring the plasmid-mediated new extended-spectrum beta-lactamase tem-27, was involved in a nosocomial outbreak (8 patients) at the pediatric cardiology department of the ramón y cajal hospital in madrid. genomic dna polymorphism analysis, using an arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction, demonstrated the clonal nature of all salmonella isolates. the plasmid encoding tem-27 (pjmm1) was characteriz ... | 1996 | 8896503 |
| effect of calcium phosphate ceramics on gram-negative bacteria resistant to antibiotics. | this paper discusses the results of an experimental study on the effect of biphase calcium phosphate ceramics (bcpc) on laboratory-isolated polyresistant gram-negative bacteria. monitoring of this effect in a dynamical regimen was carried out upon enterobacter cloacae 313, klebsiella pneumoniae 227, serratia marcescens 206, klebsiella oxytoca 202, as well as on the standard strain klebsiella pneumoniae 52145 (institute pasteur, paris). the results show a significant antimicrobial effect of the c ... | 1996 | 8897154 |
| epidemiological typing of isolates from an outbreak of infection with multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae by repetitive extragenic palindromic unit b1-primed pcr and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. | an outbreak of multidrug-resistant enterobacter cloacae infection lasted for 4 months in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu). forty-six isolates from the nicu and 20 epidemiologically unrelated strains were characterized by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and repetitive extragenic palindromic unit b1-primed pcr (repub1-pcr) typing. the pfge patterns after xbai restriction of the bacterial dna were analyzed by computer software (gelcompar) using the upgma (unweighted pair group method w ... | 1996 | 8897183 |
| cloning and characterization of a locus encoding an indolepyruvate decarboxylase involved in indole-3-acetic acid synthesis in erwinia herbicola. | erwinia herbicola 299r synthesizes indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) primarily by the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway. a gene involved in the biosynthesis of iaa was cloned from strain 299r. this gene (ipdc) conferred the synthesis of indole-3-acetaldehyde and tryptophol upon escherichia coli dh5 alpha in cultures supplemented with l-tryptophan. the deduced amino acid sequence of the gene product has high similarity to that of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase of enterobacter cloacae. regions within pyruv ... | 1996 | 8900003 |
| gas gangrene of the arm due to enterobacter cloacae in a neutropenic patient. | gas gangrene is a life-threatening emergency. most cases are caused by clostridial infections, but nonclostridial causes are being increasingly recognized. nonclostridial gas gangrene is most often due to polymicrobial organisms. early diagnosis and therapy are required, since the disease may rapidly progress to fatal toxemia. we report a case of gangrenous, atraumatic, nonclostridial myonecrosis of the arm due to enterobacter cloacae in a nondiabetic patient with neutropenia. | 1996 | 8903295 |
| susceptibility of corneal and conjunctival pathogens to ciprofloxacin. | ciprofloxacin 0.3% ophthalmic solution has been shown to be effective in the treatment of bacterial keratitis and conjunctivitis, and many physicians use ciprofloxacin as sole therapy in these conditions. in this retrospective study, we found seven of 84 isolates from corneal and conjunctival cultures that were resistant to ciprofloxacin. all of the resistant organisms were gram positive. six of the isolates (staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus hominis, and four isolates of the streptococcus v ... | 1996 | 8907383 |
| management of intra-abdominal infections. the case for intraoperative cultures and comprehensive broad-spectrum antibiotic coverage. the canadian intra-abdominal infection study group. | to test the hypothesis that comprehensive broad-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy is superior to limited-spectrum empirical antimicrobial therapy in intra-abdominal infections. | 1996 | 8911260 |
| specific spoilage organisms in breweries and laboratory media for their detection. | the gram positive bacteria are generally regarded as the most hazardous beer spoilage organisms in modern breweries, especially the lactobacilli: l. brevis, l. lindneri, l. curvatus, l. casei, l. buchneri, l. coryneformis, l. plantarum, l. brevisimilis, l. malefermentans and l. parabuchneri and the pediococci: p damnosus, p. inopinatus and p. dextrinicus. micrococcus kristinae is the only species within the micrococci relevant to brewing. the gram negative strictly anaerobic bacteria are apparen ... | 1996 | 8913814 |
| degradation of pentaerythritol tetranitrate by enterobacter cloacae pb2. | a mixed microbial culture capable of metabolizing the explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate (petn) was obtained from soil enrichments under aerobic and nitrogen-limiting conditions. a strain of enterobacter cloacae, designated pb2, was isolated from this culture and was found to use petn as a sole source of nitrogen for growth. growth yields suggested that 2 to 3 mol of nitrogen was utilized per mol of petn. the metabolites pentaerythritol dinitrate, 3-hydroxy-2,2-bis-[(nitrooxy)methyl]propanal ... | 1996 | 8919782 |
| the influence of incubation conditions on the adherence of oral enterobacteriaceae to hela cells. | the adherence of 12 oral isolates and 4 type strains of enterobacteriaceae (equally representing enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii) to hela cell monolayers following five different incubation conditions (sucrose, d-mannose, serum, mem and candida albicans gdh 1957) was investigated. incubation with sucrose and d-mannose resulted in the greatest and least adherence, respectively. the presence of preadherent c. albicans gdh 1957 on the hela cell ... | 1996 | 8920813 |
| [simultaneous isolation of mrsa and pseudomonas aeruginosa using a novel selective and differential pmac agar]. | pmac agar, a novel, selective and differential medium has been developed and was subjected for evaluation of its selective and differential capability of methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) and pseudomonas aeruginosa from other bacteria such as bacillus, micrococcus, gram-negative bacteria and drug resistant ones. growth of mrsa and p. aeruginosa on pmac agar was facilitated and their colonies were easily differentiated. colonies of mrsa after 24 approximately 48 h incubation at 3 ... | 1996 | 8921677 |
| nosocomial infection due to enterobacter cloacae in a tertiary care hospital in northern india. | a total of 151 enterobacter cloacae strains isolated from clinical samples (n = 139) and the hospital environment (n = 12) at a tertiary care hospital in northern india during january to october 1993, were analysed. the maximum isolations were during may (n = 24), june (n = 23) and july (n = 22). urinary tract infection (n = 56) was the most common complication of e. cloacea infection followed by wound infection (42), respiratory tract infection (23) and bacteraemia/septicaemia (18). the frequen ... | 1996 | 8926029 |
| sequence and properties of pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase from enterobacter cloacae pb2. | pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase, which reductively liberates nitrite from nitrate esters, is related to old yellow enzyme. pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase follows a ping-pong mechanism with competitive substrate inhibition by nadph, is strongly inhibited by steroids, and is capable of reducing the unsaturated bond of 2-cyclohexen-1-one. | 1996 | 8932320 |
| [antibacterial activities of combination uses of isepamicin and beta-lactams in vitro against clinically isolated strains. part 2. the results against enterobacteriaceae]. | we investigated antibacterial activities of combination uses of isepamicin (isp) and beta-lactams in vitro against klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter cloacae, and the following conclusions were obtained. 1. isp+cefazolin, isp+cefotiam and isp+flomoxef against k. pneumoniae and isp+piperacillin, isp+ceftazidime, isp+aztreonam, isp+imipenem and isp+panipenem against e. cloacae showed strong combined effects. 2. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of these combinations were low due to ... | 1996 | 8935124 |
| evaluation of swirling, ph, and glucose tests for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates. | although infrequent, episodes of transfusion-associated bacterial sepsis may lead to serious outcomes or death and therefore are of concern. this study evaluates the sensitivity of three surrogate tests for the presence of bacteria in platelet concentrates: cessation of swirling, low extracellular ph, and low plasma glucose levels. | 1996 | 8937410 |
| gene cloning, purification, and characterization of nfsb, a minor oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase from escherichia coli, similar in biochemical properties to frase i, the major flavin reductase in vibrio fischeri. | nfsb, encoding a minor oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase, was isolated by pcr using primers corresponding to two amino acid sequences conserved among the major flavin reductase from vibrio fischeri and classical nitroreductases from salmonella typhimurium and enterobacter cloacae. the gene product, nfsb, was purified to homogeneity from extracts of escherichia coli cells overexpressing it. nfsb was found to be situated at 13 min on the e. coli map. biochemical analysis indicated nfsb to be a pol ... | 1996 | 8947835 |
| timed killing kinetic studies of the interaction between ciprofloxacin and beta-lactams against gram-negative bacilli. | timed killing kinetic studies were performed with ciprofloxacin in combination with aztreonam, ceftazidime, piperacillin/tazobactam, and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid against three isolates each of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. each antimicrobial agent in the combination was tested at its mic and at one-half and one-quarter of its mic. colony counts were determined at 0, 3, 5, and 7 hours. synergy occurred most frequently at 7 hours a ... | 1996 | 8950526 |
| prevalence of microorganisms in dead mink kits from aleutian-disease-infected and non-infected farms. | bacterial and fungi were isolated from different tissues (brain, liver, heart) taken from 81 dead newborn mink originating from aleutian disease (ad) infected and ad-non-infected farms. of the 123 isolates obtained, 96% were bacterial isolates (predominantly gram-negative) and 4% were fungi. the prevalence of microorganisms appeared less common in kits from ad-non-infected farms (55%) than from ad-infected farms (73%), although the difference was not significant. the liver was the most highly in ... | 1996 | 8956475 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of aerobic gram-negative bacilli isolated from severe infections in 1992: results of a french multicenter study. groupe d'etude d'infections à bacilles à gram négatif (geign)]. | antibiotic susceptibility of 649 gram-negative bacilli involved in severe infections and isolated in 18 teaching hospitals from january to december 1992 was evaluated. | 1996 | 8958855 |
| susceptibility of gram-negative bacteria isolated from a paediatric hospital environment to antibiotics. | the majority of tested gram-negative strains isolated from the hospital environment were resistant to 6-14 used antibiotics. the greatest resistance was shown by three strains: enterobacter cloacae, proteus mirabilis and ps. maltophilia, which were resistant to all tested drugs. the most effective antibiotic was gentamicin, at least against half of bacteria belonging to enterobacteriaceae family, to 90% of strains from pseudomonas genus and to all other gram-negative rods. cephtazidim, cephotaxi ... | 1995 | 8960247 |
| the danger of infections of the hospitalized patients with the microorganisms present in preparations and in the hospital environment. | two strains-s. aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcus, resistant to antibiotics, were isolated from previously non-opened preparations made by the hospital pharmacy and industrially produced. after application in the surgery ward, two enterobacter agglomerans strains, resistant to antibiotics were detected in oral mixtures. the resistant bacteria, b. cereus and 4 strains of ps. aeruginosa, were also found in the purified water. in hospital environment 9 strains of staphylococci, resistant ... | 1995 | 8960248 |
| neonatal airway colonization with gram-negative bacilli: association with severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia. | airway colonization with gram-negative bacilli (gnb) and gram-positive cocci (gpc) is common in mechanically ventilated neonates. whether gnb are related to nosocomial bloodstream infection (bsi) and/or to the severity of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (bpd) is unknown. | 1997 | 9002095 |
| [methods of intraspecies differentiation of enterobacter cloacae by biochemical reactions]. | three methods of intraspecies differentiation of enterobacter cloacae by biochemical tests were compared on 14 clinical strains of different origin and 1 reference strain of this enterobacterium. the methods employed were the original and modified old's method of biotyping and a method for assessing the biochemical profile of e. cloacae strains using biomerieux api 20e system (france). modified old's method was found to be the most convenient for practical studies. | 1996 | 9004996 |
| therapeutic effect of the quinolone prodrug prulifloxacin against experimental urinary tract infections in mice. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of prulifloxacin (cas 123447-62-1, nm441), a new quinoline prodrug, against clinical isolates from urinary tract infections was investigated. in addition, it was compared with ofloxacin (cas 82419-36-1), levofloxacin (cas 100986-85-4), ciprofloxacin urinary tract infections in mice, as well as its pharmacokinetics. 1. the antibacterial activity of nm394 (6-fluoro-1-methyl-4-oxo-7-(1-piperazinyl)-4h-[1,3]thiazeto[3,2- a]quinoline-3-carboxylic acid), an active m ... | 1996 | 9006794 |
| molecular cloning of the nema gene encoding n-ethylmaleimide reductase from escherichia coli. | using the gene mapping membrane technique, we identified a gene (nema) that encodes n-ethylmaleimide reductase in escherichia coli. the open reading frame encodes a polypeptide of 365 amino acids with a molecular mass of 39,514 da. the deduced amino acid sequence showed a high degree of homology (87% identical) with the pentaerythritol tetranitrate reductase of enterobacter cloacae and the morphinone reductase of pseudomonas putida (52% identical). | 1997 | 9013822 |
| differential distributions in tissues and efficacies of aztreonam and ceftazidime and in vivo bacterial morphological changes following treatment. | the differential tissue distributions of aztreonam and ceftazidime within fibrin clots infected with pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens, their efficacies, and the in vivo bacterial morphological changes induced by these drugs were evaluated. rabbits were given intravenously a single dose of 100 mg of either agents/kg of body weight. in the cores of the clots, the peak levels of both drugs were much lower than those observed in the peripheries and in serum. aztr ... | 1997 | 9021198 |
| bacterial strains isolated from eggs and their resistance to currently used antibiotics: is there a health hazard for consumers? | in order to study the putative transfer of antibiotic resistance from poultry to humans, hens' eggs were examined for the presence of various pathogens. staphylococcus, enterobacter, escherichia, proteus and pseudomonas spp. were the most frequently isolated genera. sensitivity tests, performed with the kirby-bauer technique, showed the presence of resistant strains of staphylococcus aureus (to penicillin-g, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, cefalosporins, oxacillin, gentamycin, chloramph ... | 1997 | 9023039 |
| growth promotion of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex by enterobacterial acetate. | a mycobacterial growth factor was present in the conditioned media of escherichia coli and enterobacter cloacae cultures, but not in pseudomonas aeruginosa culture. this factor potentiated the growth of mycobacterium avium-m. intracellulare complex (mac), a patient isolate, and well-established strains of m. avium and m. intracellulare. the growth factor was not a polypeptide; it was heat-stable and possessed a molecular weight < 500 d. acetate production by enterobacteria was responsible for th ... | 1996 | 9025686 |
| [determination of serum aminoglycoside and vancomycin concentrations by the microbiological method in the presence of other antimicrobials]. | the determination of serum concentrations of antimicrobials with a narrow therapeutic range by microbiological method requires some modifications when the patient is under combined antimicrobial therapy. the methodological conditions for the appraisal of aminoglycosides and vancomycin in the presence of other drugs were evaluated by using strains with selective sensitivity to the antimicrobial to be tested or by the adding crude extracts of beta-lactamases for the inactivation of the beta-lactam ... | 1996 | 9026822 |
| [antimicrobial activities of cefetamet against clinical isolates from urinary tract infection]. | in order to evaluate antimicrobial activity of cefetamet (cemt), minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of cemt and control drugs were determined against gram-negative rods mainly from complicated urinary tract infections examined in our laboratory from april to september of 1994. the results are summarized as follows; 1. the obtained strains were citrobacter diversus 20, citrobacter freundii 30, enterobacter aerogenes 20, enterobacter cloacae 30, serratia marcescens 30, proteus mirabilis 30, ... | 1996 | 9032594 |
| a disulfide bridge near the active site of carbapenem-hydrolyzing class a beta-lactamases might explain their unusual substrate profile. | bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, a clinically worrying and recurrent problem, is often due to the production of beta-lactamases, enzymes that efficiently hydrolyze the amide bond of the beta-lactam nucleus. imipenem and other carbapenems escape the activity of most active site serine beta-lactamases and have therefore become very popular drugs for antibacterial chemotherapy in the hospital environment. their usefulness is, however, threatened by the appearance of new beta-lactama ... | 1997 | 9037711 |
| enterobacter sakazakii: a review. | enterobacter sakazakii, previously referred to as a yellow-pigmented enterobacter cloacae was designated as a unique species in 1980. this reclassification was based on differences from e. cloacae in dna relatedness, pigment production and biochemical reactions. e. sakazakii has been implicated in a severe form of neonatal meningitis. although studies have failed to identify an environmental source for the organism, dried-infant formula has been implicated in both outbreaks and sporadic cases of ... | 1997 | 9039558 |
| antibacterial activity of t-5575, a novel 2-carboxypenam, and its stability to beta-lactamase. | the in-vitro activity of t-5575, 2-carboxypenam, a new parenteral antibiotic and its stability to beta-lactamases were compared with those of ceftazidime and imipenem. the activity of t-5575 was equal or superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem against gram-negative bacteria that produced penicillinase with the exception of the enzyme oxa-1. against strains that produced cephalosporinase and zinc-dependent beta-lactamase, the activity of t-5575 was superior to that of ceftazidime or imipenem. ... | 1997 | 9044025 |
| coexpression of the long and short forms of chea, the chemotaxis histidine kinase, by members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | chea is the histidine protein kinase of a two-component signal transduction system required for bacterial chemotaxis. motile cells of the enteric species escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium synthesize two forms of chea by utilizing in-frame initiation sites within the gene chea. the full-length protein, cheal, plays an essential role in the chemotactic signaling pathway. in contrast, the function of the short form, cheas, remains elusive. although cheas lacks the histidine residue that b ... | 1997 | 9045846 |
| imipenem resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae is associated with the combination of act-1, a plasmid-mediated ampc beta-lactamase, and the foss of an outer membrane protein. | six escherichia coli and 12 klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from a single hospital expressed a common beta-lactamase with a pi of approximately 9.0 and were resistant to cefoxitin and cefotetan (mic ranges, 64 to > 128 and 16 to > 128 micrograms/ml, respectively). seventeen of the 18 strains produced multiple beta-lactamases. most significantly, three k. pneumoniae strains were also resistant to imipenem (mics, 8 to 32 micrograms/ml). spectrophotometric beta-lactamase assays with purified enzyme ... | 1997 | 9055993 |
| cloning and sequencing of the gene encoding the ampc beta-lactamase of morganella morganii. | the chromosomal beta-lactamase gene of a clinical isolate of morganella morganii was cloned in escherichia coli and sequenced. the beta-lactamase had a pi of 7.4 and conferred a typical ampc susceptibility pattern. the insert obtained was found to encode a protein of 379 amino acids. its deduced amino acid sequence revealed it to be a class c beta-lactamase: 39-56% identity with chromosomal ampc beta-lactamases of serratia marcescens, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter c ... | 1997 | 9066104 |
| bactericidal activity of cefodizime on enterobacteriaceae in an in-vitro model simulating plasma pharmacokinetics in humans. | an in-vitro dialysis model was employed to assess the feasibility of once-daily dosing of cefodizime in the treatment of infections caused by various enterobacteriaceae: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, providencia stuartii and enterobacter cloacae. this model simulated the concentrations of cefodizime detected in human blood after an intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of 1 g or 2 g of the antibiotic. validation of the model was undertaken to con ... | 1997 | 9069535 |
| cefepime and amikacin synergy against a cefotaxime-susceptible strain of enterobacter cloacae in vitro and in vivo. | we developed an experimental model of pneumonia to evaluate the efficacy of new antibiotic regimens against enterobacter cloacae. rats were infected by administering 8.5 log10 cfu e. cloacae intratracheally, and therapy was initiated 24 h later. at that time, animals' lungs showed bilateral pneumonia containing more than 7 log10 cfu/g of tissue. because rats eliminate amikacin and cefepime much more rapidly than humans, renal impairment was induced in all animals to simulate the pharmacokinetic ... | 1997 | 9096186 |
| antimicrobial resistance in isolates from inpatients and outpatients in the united states: increasing importance of the intensive care unit. | to compare the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in hospitals with that in the community, we analyzed data for isolates collected from inpatients and outpatients in eight u.s. hospitals. the percentage of resistant isolates from inpatients was higher than that from outpatients for the following combinations of antimicrobials and organisms: methicillin/coagulase-negative staphylococcus (49.0% vs. 36.0%, respectively; p < .01); methicillin/staphylococcus aureus (33.0% vs. 14.5%, respectively; ... | 1997 | 9114149 |
| isolation of an acanthamoeba strain with intracellular burkholderia pickettii infection. | burkholderia pickettii is a facultative pathogen that has been isolated from patient sources and environmental sources including respiratory therapy solutions, deionized water and aqueous disinfectants. the organism has been associated with septicemia and respiratory tract infections. in our investigation, burkholderia pickettii (biovar 2) was for the first time isolated from acanthamoeba sp. (group ii), a free living amoeba species recovered from the wet area of a physiotherapy unit. pathogenic ... | 1997 | 9144916 |
| a nosocomial outbreak due to enterobacter cloacae strains with the e. hormaechei genotype in patients treated with fluoroquinolones. | during a 7-month period, we isolated 21 highly fluoroquinolone-resistant enterobacter cloaecae strains in units from two hospitals in marseille, france. random amplification of polymorphic dna showed clonal identity between isolates which, furthermore, presented the enterobacter hormaechei genotype on dna-dna hybridization. the emergence of this clone was observed only in patients treated with fluoroquinolones. | 1997 | 9157119 |
| diffusion of carbapenems through the outer membrane of enterobacteriaceae and correlation of their activities with their periplasmic concentrations. | scarce information is available on the real mechanism by which carbapenemes penetrate in enterobacteriaceae, although a considerable amount of evidence suggests that in many species of this family the lack of certain outer membrane proteins is associated with the acquisition of resistance to these antibiotics. the existance of specific pathways for the carbapenems has never been demonstrated, although at times it has been postulated in both wild and mutant strains, on the basis of evident discor ... | 1996 | 9158772 |
| [study of septicemia due to enterobacter cloacae in a neonatal intensive care unit]. | a study was made of enterobacter cloacae septicemia in 15 newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) of the asahikawa kosei hospital from april, 1979 to march, 1996. their gestational age was 29.7 +/- 4.5 (mean +/- sd) weeks and their birth weight was 1,270 +/- 562 g. the age at the onset of septicemia was 10.3 +/- 7.2 days. four infants died and the mortality was 26.7%. these infants died within 72 hours after onset of septicemia. thrombocytopenia (< 50,000/microliter) in the patients ... | 1997 | 9164086 |
| histopathology and microbiology of isolated rectal bleeding in neonates: the so-called 'ecchymotic colitis'. | rectal bleeding in neonates is an alarming event which suggests a possible necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) but is usually the only symptom of an unexplained colitis characterized endoscopically by ecchymotic mucosal lesions, the so-called 'ecchymotic colitis' (ec). we studied histologically and bacteriologically 18 infants (mean age: 18 days) presenting with rectal bleeding by systematic rectosigmoidoscopy and intestinal biopsies. the 18 infants were hospitalized. prematurity was found in seven ... | 1997 | 9181369 |
| instability of a shiga toxin type 2 gene in enterobacter cloacae. | 1997 | 9196227 | |
| microbial growth inside saline-filled breast implants. | in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine whether intraluminal saline in breast implants can support the growth of common wound-infecting microorganisms over a prolonged period of time. the bacteria tested were staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, escherichia coli, corynebacterium jeikeium, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. three fungal species also were tested: aspergillus fumigatus, paecilomyces variotii, and candida albic ... | 1997 | 9207676 |